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Šolsko polje, letnik XXI, številka 5– 6the Habsburg monarchy due to religious emigration ,the result of which wasa new demographic stratification of the Habsburg empire. The economic aspectof religious tolerance was also a key reason for Joseph II to issue the Patentof Toleration. And it is precisely this reason that has its contemporaryecho today, as witnessed in the importance attached to the economic componentbehind various bureaucratically constructed European Commissionprojects such as “intercultural dialogue.”This paper, which is based on historiographic resources and literature, includesthe first complete Slovene translation of the Patent of Toleration anda facsimile of its German original.Key words: the Habsburg monarchy, Joseph II’s religious reforms, the Patentof Toleration (1781), religious tolerance, statism, state Church, Febronianism,cameralismTaja Kramberger in Drago Braco RotarPravice vs toleranca. Mentalitetna inkongruentnost:zgodovinskoantropološke marginalije k slovenskemuprevodu Deklaracije o pravicah človeka in državljana zdne 26. 8. 1789Članek z orodji zgodovinske antropologije in diskurzivne analize obravnavakontekst posamičnih členov Deklaracije o pravicah človeka in državljanaiz leta 1789, v manjšem segmentu (10. člen) pa tudi njen uradni slovenskiprevod, pri čemer pokaže na temeljni pomen razlikovanja med režimom (religiozne,kasneje pa civilne) tolerance in režimom pravic (človeka in državljana).Družbeni mehanizmi tolerance so domala vselej vpeti v hierarhičnodružbeno zgradbo, pri čemer tolerantni po svoji volji in s pomočjo oblastnestrategije omogoči nekaj, do česar tolerirani nima pravice. Deklaracija o pravicahčloveka in državljana z zastavki v povsem drugačnem družbenem inepistemičnem (diskurzivnem) redu šele omogoči konfiguracijo družbenihrazmerij zunaj religioznega dispozitiva, utemeljeno na enakosti pred zakonom.Ključne besede: Deklaracija o pravicah človeka in državljana, prevod, prilastitev,mentaliteta, pravice, toleranca206
Povzetki/AbstractsRights vs tolerance. Incongruity of Mentalities: Historico-anthropologicalmarginalia on the Slovenian Translationof the Declaration of the Rights of Man and theCitizen from the 26th August 1789In the first section of this paper we examine – by means of historical anthropologyand discursive analysis – the context of individual articles in theDeclaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen from 1789, while in its secondsection we turn out critical attention to the official Slovenian translationof Article X. We try to show the basic distinction between the regimeof tolerance (religious tolerance that later evolved into and was replaced bycivic tolerance) and the regime of rights (rights of men and citizens). It is arguedthat the social mechanisms of tolerance are almost always connected tothe hierarchical social structures, and by that the subject who possesses thetolerance by his own will and by the strategies of power gives permission andgrants something to the subject who has neither the power nor the right todo it. It was possible for the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizento bring about a new configuration of social relations once it was no longerused within the context of religious dispositive deployment and applied insteadto a completely different social and epistemic (discursive) order.Key words: Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, translation,appropriation, mentality, rights, toleranceJana S. RoškerMultikulturnost in diktatura strpnosti: primer KitajskePričujoči članek problematizira koncept strpnosti v kontekstu t. i. multikulturnihinterakcij. Na konkretnem primeru tradicionalne in sodobne Kitajskeprikaže relativnost in kulturno pogojenost domnevno univerzalnih vrednot, hkakršnim sodi ta koncept, ki se navezuje tudi na koncept takoimenovanih temeljnihčlovekovih pravic. Na osnovi analize tovrstnih primerov avtorica nazornoprikaže, da je pojem strpnosti sklop idejnih in aksioloških konotacij,značilnih za zahodne družbe in njihove ideološke aparate. Takšne konceptestrpnosti seveda vseskozi zagovorajajo zagovorniki liberalizma in pluralizma.Zato je v soočanju z multikulturnostjo v sodobnih globaliziranih družbah tolikobolj pomembno, da vprašanj, kot so migrantstvo, izgnanstvo ali hibridnost,ne postavljamo preprosto v nasprotje z ukoreninjenostjo, nacijo in avtentičnostjo,temveč da lociramo in ovrednotimo njihove ideološke, politične in čustvenepovezave ter njihove preseke v večplastnih zgodovinah postkolonialnosti.Ključne besede: postkolonialne študije, multikulturalizem, kritika strpnosti,univerzalnost, človekove pravice207
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