Мандельштам и “Ахматова”. Анализ одного ... - Europaorientalis.it

EUROPA ORIENTALIS 15 (1996): 2MAMETIIDLIITAM H "AXMATOBA". AHAJIH3 0,aH0F0 CTHXOTBOPEH1151TaT13511-1a fiBlillATHHaAXMATOBAI Bnono8opoTa, o, nevanb,2 Ha pamopsnuribtx nornApena.3 Cna,aaK c nney, oKameriena4 Ilo*HoKaccw-ieeKaK5 3noBewmg ronoc - ropmmri xmenb -6 ,Elynni pacKoahmaer Henpa:7 TaK - HeropyloalaK CDeppa -8 Crosina HeKorpa Pamenb (1914). 1TO >Ke KaCaeTCA CTHXOTB0pCHHA "B17a.r1o6opoTa...", HCTOIMAero CO341aHHA TaKOBa. B smaape 1914 rona rIpornm yurpokui60J1b11102 Betiep "BpoRsineil co6aKH" He B 1104Balle y ce6A, a BKaKOM - TO 60.T1b1110M 3aAe Ha KOH1011.1eHHOli. 06b14Hble noceriffeini Tep5U1HCbTaM cpezim M1-10>KeCTBa "Iry*Hx" (T. C. ny)KTibix BCAKOMy kicKyccrsy)*apKo, 1110,F1H0, alymuo H 40130/1bH0 6eCTOTIKOBO. HaM 3T0 Ha-KoHeu Hariocrio, H mi (nenoBeK 20-3M nomini B "Co6aKy" Ha MkixakrioBcKoRnnowarim. TaM 6bino -remHo H npoxiia4Ho. 51 c -romia Ha 3cTpaRe H CKeM - TO pa3roaapkiaana. HeCKOJIbK0 rOJIOCOB 113 3a.T1b1 CTa.1111 flpOCHTb MCHA110 1-1HTaTb CTHXH. He MeHAA 1103 b1, 51 LITO -TO np04Jla. floriouien OCHH: "KaKBbl CTOAJM, KaK Bb1ente LITO-TO npo Illa.T1b...".2* * *I Maiine.nburram 0. 3. COLIHHCHHA. B 2-x TT. M. 1990. T. 1, c 93. Aa.nee CCb1A -KH Ha 3T0 Hmanme naToTcsa B OCHOBHOM TCKCTC, neprlasi uptcppa - TOM,BTOpaA- cTparnma. Bonpocm TCKCTOAOFHH (mHylo nyHKTyaumro nepBoh CTPOKH B4pyrnx ny6AHKaumAx CTHXOTB0pCHHA) MM OCTaBAACM B CTOpOHC.2 AxmaToBa A. A. COLIHHCHHA. B 2 - x TT, M. 1990. T. 2, c. 205-206. /LanceCCbIJIKH Ha 3T0 H3AaHHC AaW.TCA B OCHOBHOM TeKcTe, nepBast umcppa - TOM,BTopasi - cTpaHHUa.

98 TaTbAlid ,aBHHATHIldB 8 e pe 11(1) 14K a 11,14 H 3T000 CTHXOTBOpeH1433 OT4eTRI1B0 npoc.nexKe-Hml, Ka*,noe 143 KOTOpIIX 3a.11HMaeT RBe CTpOKH, BTopylo cTpocpy o6pa3yeTORHO C.TIO>KHOe npm-lo>KeHme, aBoeTomiem pa36H8aemoe Ha Tula npocTwx,01151Tb - TaK11 no Tule CTpOKH Ha BbICKa3b113aHHe.Tonkma OXBaTHa51 pl4C1)MOBKa aBBa eDDc (acrpegaercH B 30% CTHX0 -TBopeunfi "Kammi"), CO3Ra.10111aA — Hapsmy c npeo6.nariatomeh RayxyRap-HOfi pprrmHueeKoil (popmofi 4-eroi -moro Bm6a — Bb1BepeliHy10 3ameaneH-Hoc -rb HO3T14 14eCKr0 RB14)KeH1151.C Apyroh CT0p0Hb1, TO nepepacnpeae.nemte CMbICJI080 1;1 . Harpy3KH, Ko-Topoe onpenenBeT cpopmanbHyro oprampanmo pacemaTpHaaemoro TeKCTa,o6Hapy>KHBaer ce6B B pacnpocTpaHerum OTRejlbHUX 3.fleMellTOB Bepcmcim-KaLMH Ha crpyKTypy acero CTI1XOTBOpeHHA, nprmem B TaKOM pacnpocrpa-HeHHH, KOTOpOe He nperemyer Ha r.naaHoe conep>KanHe CTI4XOTBOpeHHA HHe noaLomaeT celie ero cemaHTHKy, a cablo pacnpocrpaHaeT ee. Pem, Hrier06 OCO6eHHOCTAX 3ByKOB02 crpyKTyphi TeKCTa.BOKall14eCKa51 elicTema CTI1XOTBOpeHH51 nocrpoena Ha B3aHMOTIOI1011 -nell'AH H pHrmwmom 4epeRoBamtpt r.nactibix e H a (i< a mu OTHOCHM TaK>Ke O3 FacnapoB M. il. 380/1/01.11131 MeTpHK11 MaIlae.11b111TaMa // )KH3Hb 14 TBOW1C -c -rsa 0. 3. Malwenburrama. Bocnomffliamui. Maereppianbi K 6liorpactam. "HOBbleCTHXH". KOMPACHTap1414. FICC.T1C40BaH14.51. Bopone* 1990, c. 336-346.

Mamenbun -am H "AxmaroBa" 99B 6e3y,aapHo2 no3HHHH H A nocne rnacHoro 1,1 mArKoro cornacHoro): arocnoncTByeT B 6e3ynapHom rIO.TIO>KCHNH (a - 37, e - 5), e — B ypapHom (e— 9 npii a — 4, o — 3, H — 2, y — 2); xapaKTepno, tiro B pHcigmax BTopokcTpochi nporicxonHT "supaBHHBanme" no e (a e e a; e e e e).CaMH pmcpmbi SIB115110TCA OdllaCTblO HaH6onbinero ripOTFIBOCTOAHNSI 6e3-pa3/11,11-1HbIX H pa3111,11114TenbH6IX RASI nepeRaHH embicna RaHnoro CTHXOTBO -perikm npmemoB B oprarmaaHHH r103TH4CCK01-0 TeKCTa: 6eaHbie, taicTo rpammaTHHecKHepmcpmbi nepBoro HerBepocTHIHHA (HeHapH - mapb, norpsipepaoKameHepa), B o6[ueM xapaKTepHble RASI paHHero Mamenbunama, 4 KOH -TpacTripyloT C 1,13bICKaHHbIM 3K3OTFI4eCKI4M14 COLICTaHNSIMIA Bropofi ci-pochi(XMeJ7b - Palue.nb, Heppa - elgeppa). Crywerme cemaHrHvecKH Harpy*ernibixpktcpm BO BTopoi:,'t 4aCTH CTPIXOTBOpen145I nonnep*HBaeTcA npHmeHaTenbublmcosmeuieHHem B KOHLIe CTpOK 5 H 8 pHcpM nepBoro HeTBepocTHwHA: - aJlb,-epa, - ailb — - eJlb. OrmeHennumH npN 3TOM OCTalOTCSI CTp0K146 H 7 — 3MOIAHOHal1bHblìlneHTp CTI1XOTBOpeHH31.KpoMe Toro, B TeKcTe npncyrcTByer Henbih Kin BHyTpeHHI,IX pHcpmcKpen, CBSI3y1011114X o6a HersepocTHumst, — cama KpaTKOCTb cTHxoTBope-HY154 ReJlaCT klx eine 6onee 31-Ia4FIMUMN B cTpyKType TeKeTa. 3T0,Bo-nepBbix, TOLIHOe noBTopenHe pkummHecKoro pliCyHKa CTpOK 2, 3 B mByxnocne4HHK CTp0KaX CTI,IXOTBOpeHH51:Ha paBHojzyunibix nornswe.na.Cnaaa.A c Einem, oKameHena(a) — y— (a) — ea— e— (a) — eTaK — Heronytotuasi 43e,upa — (a) — y — (a) eC -roBna HeKorna Painenb. a e (a) eBO - BTOpbIX, HHTepectibt nepeKnwiKH, Hp0HH3b1Ba.1011.111e BCe crHxoTBopemieH npeacTaBnenHbie y*e B 3THX cTpoliKax: paBHoAyunibix —HerogyfoulaH ceppa; cria4a5{ — croAna. 3ByKoBbie noBTopw moryTC13513bIBaTb KaK paBH0AylaHNX — jjy1IIN , J10>KHO... — 3.710BealHfi,...KIlaCC... — roioc, OKaMeHeJla — Hexorna, TaK N OTfIeJibHble CTpOKIIsHyTpH CTp0Cimi: nevanb — nneH — B nepBoH, ronoc — ropbKH2, Henpa —HeKorRa, Heronyloncasi — Hekorna, 3noBellikul — HeropyraulaH, ayam —PaInCrib — BO BTOpOtt HaKOlIeLI, oco6oe MCCTO B HucTpymerrroBKe 3TOTOCTPIXOTB0pCHH51 OTBOTUATC.S1 nepeKnHHKe 3aKlIfo4NTenblibiX CJIOB Ka)K410P1CTp0cpb1, csoeo6pa3Ho4i pHcpme pHcpM: manb — Pamenb. F1 TO H npyroeCJIOBO HmeeT cooTBeTcrByloulylo eMy BHyTpH CT0OCIGN napy, B pe3ynbTaTe4 ABeplibueB C. C. CyLib6a N BeCT6 Cuffia Mannenburrama // MamenbuiTamO. 3. C0411HeH1451. B 2 - x TT. M. 1990. T. 1, c. 13-14.

100 TaTbAlla ,aBHHATIIHao6pa3yeTca co3By4He, COCTaBlIA1011(ee ocnosy acero CTHXOTBOpeHHA:neva" - Illallb: XMe.1712 — PauJeJib. TaKHM o6pa3om, 0,r1H0 H3 KJ1104eBb1X,noc.neanee CII0B0 CTHXOTBOKHHA, no,aroToallennoe Rayma K nemy m44)-mar«, artsogne ~mann° N CTOJIb *e neo*Kaanno, TaK KaK npericTa-BJ151eT CO6OR HnocTpanHoe HM51.3KCEIJIHLIIITHO B TeKcTe npncyTerayloT TpH HMe1-1 AXMaTOBa, cheapa,Pazienn. OfwaKo npn BIIHMaTellbHOM npoLurennn MO>KHO 3aMeTHTb, tiro noBOCbMHCTHIIIHIO B H306HJIHH paccunanbt 6yKBbl, COCTaBJIA10111He ente ORNOHMA. OHH OCO6eHHO qaCTOTHbl 8 oTmetiennoil n03ka4in KOHL1a CTpOKH, Bpvicpmyloanuca CJ10BaX (H3 49 6yKa, 11X COCTaBlIA101IIHX, B 3T0 HMA BXORHT36-73%, acero no CTHXOTBOpeffil IO — 48%; HeKOTOpaA nOnpaHKa Ha 143 -op(porpacinin o6weiA KapTHHbl He menaeT). 011HCb1BaA AXMaTOBy,1103T pantapnaaeT ce6a no 6yKBe, - CJ10Ba TIHTalOTCA 11043CMHbIMH 130 -ero HMelill, CTBOI1b1 (nem. Stamni) TAHyTCA, 14 Kp011131, crine -rasici), £11aMHo6pa3y1oT TO, 4T0 ABJ1ACTCA Ha3BaHHCM 14 Bb1CIIIHM CMbICJIOM CTHXOTB0pC -H1451. B HTore cemanTkaiecKkal CHFITe3 CTIAXOTBOpeHHA 1103B0J1AeT yBkILleTb BneM napacppa3 HMeHH AxmaTosa, 3ByKo8on CIIHTe3 — anarpammy-ccpparugyPimenti MaH,tte.nbunam.AxMAToBABnoJIo6opoTA, o, nEmA.T1b,HA pAHHoLty111Hbix nor.TIATIEJIA.cnAilAsi c n/1E4, oKAMEHEJIAflo*HoK.TIAcciptecKAH IIIAJIb.3.TIonnutti rofloc - ropbKHR xMEJIb21y1.11H pAcKo8b1HAET HE/IpA:TAK - HEroZtyloulAsi cl)EL(pA -cToHJIA HEKorljA* * *5 06 aHarpamme y MaH4e.rnstu -rama N pairmLniblz K Heti no,axonax CM., Hanp.:Tonopos B. H. K Hccne,uoBaHttio aHarpammanivecKilx cwyKTyp // Hcc.rie4oBa-H1451 no c -rpylerype TeKcTa. M. 1987, C. 228 - 232; MHKyllleBH4 B. OCb (3ByKOCHM -BOJ1 0. Matmenburrama) // Coxpar4 molo MaHmenburramoricKHH c6optitiK.M. 1991, e 69-74; napane A. "3a4eM TaK Onp0MCT41180 A B3S1.71 TB010 Te-Tpa4b?..." 6/10K, MaSIKOBCKI42, XQuaceHtet 14 apyrue B naptmcKom anb6ome //Onb1Tb1 1994. N! 1, C. 168; Cl. Brown. On reading Manderstam // Mamenburram 0.Co6p. COIAHHeHlIA. B 3-x -r-r. Washington 1967. T. 1, pp. X-XV, H itp.

Mamenbzuram H "AxmaTosa" 101B HHT0Hal..1HOHHOM, CHHTaKCH4eCKOM 14 KOMI1031411HOHHOM 1-111aHe CTHXOTBO -pellHe ae.nkurca Ha HeTupe vacTH, npwlem rpankinbl 3TOrO paneHHa BKa)KJOM c.nyHae coanamaloT c rpauHnell Raycrifinkta.Ka*TuDe mayurHunde coRep*HT BCTaBHy10 cHwraKcHHecKyro KOHCTPy -K1.11410. B Tpex CJIYLIaAX H3 HeTbipex 3T0 HMeHHaA KOHCTpyK1.114.51, pacnano->kerwaa xa*abgt pa3 B KOHLW nepaoil CTpOKH r(ByCTHIIIHA, B Of1HOM — nO -nynpepHKàTHBHa51 KOHCTpyKl..11451, CTOA 111a31 B a6COMOTHOM Hana.ne nsycrii-1111451. Pery.napHocTb H OTMeLleHHOCTb BCTaBHUX KoHerpyKuHPI B oftlei7t CH -cTeMe CTHXOTBOpeHHA nprnmexaer oco6oe BHHMaHHe K CTblKaM anyTpHnpeano*eHHil H acero TeKCTa. CHHTaKCHIleCKHe CTb1K14 14, KaK CJleaCTBHeHX, cemaHTHHecKHe Han.nacToaaHHa, nepexaaw H npodenbi co3,ElaioT npocTpancTsonpeaaaneHHa JIHHeF1HOCTH H ORH03Ha4HOCTH, npocTpancTsonpHHuHrmanbuoll MH01.03Ha4HOCTH 1103THLleCKOr0 CJ10Ba 14 TeKCTa.YCTaHOBKa 14MeHHO Ha TaKoe aocripHaTHe 3artaerca y*e B nepaohcrpoKe CTHXOTBOPeHHA — "Bno.no6opora, O, neganti...": BO3MO)KHO,661.11a BO a3rsi5rze repOHHH (= fleLlaJlbH0 nornariena), 1303MO*HO, B31-J1514 HBCCb 06./114K repoHHH abi3Ba.n neHa.nb B ayine 3pHTe.1151, H 3TH CJ10Ba — eropeakulla Ha Hee, K TOMy *e acwo norwmaHHe He HcfernonaeT ,npyroe. BcTpoxe 5 BCTaBHaA KOHCTRyK141451 BBOnHT cparmaie, npn 3TOM TO, C LleMcpasHHaaerca, OKa313113aeTCA B H3BeCTHOR cTeneHH IlapafIlleJlbHb1M H pasHonpaaramTomy, 4T0 CpaBHHBaeTCA. B cTpoxe 7 BCTaBHaA KOHCTpyla.1HApadaraer Ha 170/313111.1eHHe 3KOHOMHOCTH 14 HHC110pMaTHBHOCTH no3TH4ecKoroTeKCTa: CHHTaKCH4eCKHR CTbIK 1103B0J1ACT aocniqb cemanTHmecKoro 34)-cpeKTa CPaBHeH1451, He npH6eraa K CpaBHHTeJ1bH0My O6OpOTy. IlpHme4a-TenbH0, 4T0 OTBOrtA CHHTaKCH4eCKHM CTbiKaM CTO/lb aa*Hyto panb B (op-MailbHOR H cemaHTHHecKoR opraHH3ankm TeKCTa, MaHilenbIllTaM B 31-1a4H -TellbH011 cTeneHH opHeHTHpyeTca Ha 110331M0 AXMaTOB0171, B KOT0p011 no3-THKa CTbIKOB, nepexogoa, npo6e.noa H T.n. pa3pa6aTbn3a.nacb ReTa.nbHo 14cHeremaTH4ecKH. 6 K cperwTaam CO3rjaHHA cemaHTHHecKoil MH0r03Ha4HOCTIIOTHOCHTCA TaK*e HeonperieneHnocTb cy6beKra, ejjBa. II HHe no,c4ep-KHBaeMaS1 aBT0p0M. Cy6beKT H306pa)KCHHA OTO*LjeCT13.11.ReTCA C A XMaTO -BOti TOJIbK0 6J1a1-04apA 3arlIaBH10 CT14XOTBOpeHHA. 7 041-2.K° 4be11 "f1yUlH6 1114Bb51H T. B. Hafinto,uenmn na,n KaTeroptten onpenenennocTu-neonpeaeJleHHOCTIIB 1103TH4eCKOM TeKcTe (1103THKa A. AxmaTonott) // KaTeroptinonpenenenuocni-ueonpeaeneunocTu B C.TIaBAHCKHX H 6a.TWaHCKFIX 513biKaX. M.1979, c. 348-363. TatoKe: /lesini 10. Il., Cerare Z. M., THMeH4HK P. Il., TonopoB B.H., 1.111BbAH T. B. PyccKan cemanTamecKasi 1103THKa KaK noTenuttanbuan Ky./lb -TypHasi napaatirma // Russian Literature 1974, N' 7/8, c. 55-58 (4anee: PC11).7 Cp. nepuoe ciltxornopentte nepsoro aXMaTOBCK0r0 C6OpHHK, KoTopoe

102 TaTbAlla ,41311HATHHapaCKOBblBaeT negpa" ee ranoc: 3pnTe.nbcKoR? ee co6cTsennoil? yt1llTbiBa.51Kygurypnylo npompuo — ckegpbi, PaIlleJ111? lieonpegenenno N nesa>Kno.TaKaA cemanTwiecmas neonpegenennoc -rb N MH0r03HaLIHOCTb — 0414H N3rJlaBH131X npurnmnos 1103TI4K14 aKMeH3Ma, saAmas COCTaBI15110111a5,1 aKMeHCT -cKoro TCKCTa, 3gech aKTYa./1143/1pYeTCA Ha ypopme MliKpocio* eTa. 81103TIV-IeCKI4n clo)KeT CTNXOTBOpeHHA npeganbno JlaKOHN4e1-1. CK011bKO -Hrt6yab nanpo6nomy ornicanmo MangegbisTam npegnolm -raeT cpparmenTap-HOCTb, eLINHCTBeHIMIMI4 Bb1pa314TeJI5IMI4 clo>KeTa OKa3b1BalOTC2 HeCKOJIbK0ge -ra.neti. repowns ornsgena 3pnTeneil 14 npowia HJiN CKa3aJla LITO- TO, LITO11X norpsc.no. 3gecb Ba*no pacnpege.nenlle rnaranoB: s nepsofi cTpocpe— giaa r.narana cosepmennoro Bmpa, BO wropog — risa rgarana necosepwennoro8114a. CO6CTBeHHO ne2CTBNe CTNXOTBOpeHNA cocpegoTogeno Bnepson c -rpocpe: repomns nornAaana, alagb oKameHana, 14 FINLITO ne metimerctiecTb nocnegnee npocToti me -ronHmHeil. Ilepeg 3pwregsmm npeg-CTaeT cTaTys AXMaTOB0171. 9 OTHiaK0 BO BTOpOR cwocpe pa3gaercs eeCOJI0C. 3arosopnstuas CTaTySI — pegyunposannbui sapHanT oAciPaneh,~oro N3 apxe -rrinos pyccxog 170331414, Ha411HaA C IlyWKI4Ha. 1° lipaBfia, BflaHHOM c.nyvae CI4Tya141451 ansa JII4 He o6paTnas: B o6alem KOHTeKCTe CTil -XOTBOpeli1451 pacKoammeT npegc -ramser co6o csoeo6pa3nyio aHTI4Te3y KoKameneria; 3aocTpss, MO*H0 CKa3aTb, MTO c.nosa 3sy11aT nome "oxamelieHH51",npu 3TOM cKynbnTypnocTb OcaHKH TOJIbK0 ycnnmsaeT BnemaTne-Hlle OT ranoca.B Bbicalefi crenenll 3amemarrenbno camo ynarpe6.nenze B 3TOM KorremcTeariosa oxameHana: OHO BBORNT KOMIllleKC CMbICJ1OB H acco-Ha3b1BaCTCA "l-110608h" H HamttHaeTcA c.nouamtt: "To 3MCHKOH, CBepHyBIIIHCbKny6Kom, Y camoro cepLuta KoAnyeT...". KTO KoAnyeT? - HOHATb MOACHO TOAbK0H3 Ha3BaHHA, CaM TeKCT CTHXOTBOpeHHA oKoHmaTe.nbHoro oiseTa He maeT.8 IleutH 10. H. 3aMeTKH o no3THKe Matmenburrama // Russian Literature 1975,M 10/11; TO >KeCAOBO H cyrch6a. OcHn Maltnenhurram. Ilcc.nenouaHHH H ma-TepHaribi. M. 1991, c. 350-371. TaK*e: PC11, c. 61-65.9 Cp. meTaornicaHHe CTHXOTBOpeHHA y 3. Fortnep6axa (06pa3 Ama -rosoti. J1.1925, C. 80): "OH Rari To.nbKo cl)parmettr, HO ero BOCIAINCTHIIIHe OCTaHeTCA Ha -sceuta B ranepee AXMaTOBOti, KaK 6p0H30B0e 113Ba5111HC" ()q/pais mon. - T. TI.).TaM *e conocTatmeHHA "nopTpeTa" MaHmenburrama c twotiorpatimmeciatmrtH3o6pa*eHHAMH AXMaTOBOH.18 O crrarrye KyribType Hamana XX BeKa H ee CBA3H C "neTep6ypretcHmHapcmom" S1Ko6coH P. O. CTaTy$I B no3THmecKoti mutpanortut Flynnuma //51Ko6coH P. O. Pa6oTm no no3THKe. M. 1987, c. 173-174. CraTyapHbiti mtupcamofi AxmaToson sac.ny*HHaeT oTue.nhHoro pa3roBopa.

Magaenhunamil "Axmarollia" 103LtHauHR, TIpHaaFIFIbIX B aKMeH3Me KaMHIO, 1311J10Tb jjo Ha3BaHHA c6oprimiKa, BKOTOpblh BXOJIHT CTIAXOTBOpeHlie. flpertnolTreHHe rutacTHLIecKHz liCKyCCTBMy3blKe, OrlHa H3 cpyHrtamerrra.nbubtx THno.normHecKktx xapaKTepktcTHK aK -mem3ma, o6peTaeT oco6oe 3HalleHHe B TaopHecTae MaHRellbILITaMa. 4J151Nero Henpe.no*Hbi onTanorkttlecKaA nepao3aartHourb KaMHA C ORHOR CTO -p0H131, H paBH01-113aBHOCTb KaMHA H CJI0Ba — C apyra. ApxHTeKTypa CTaHO -BHTCA Tem aa*HeRamm KO)IOM, c nomoatbio KoToporo MaHrte.nbaramCTaBHT nepaoc -reneHubte cl.m.nococpcKHe H 3cTerw4ectcHe npo6.nembi, a cabla17033HA — aHallOrOM apxHireKTypHoro CTpOilTeJlbCTBa. B flaHHOM enyHaeoco6euno HHTepecHo TO, LITO KaMeHHaA CHMBOTIHKa OKa3aJlaCb npHmenenaHe K apxkl -reKTypHomy TBOpeH1410 H He Tosi pemeHHa mmpos033peH4ecKHxnpo6.nem, a K 6b1TOBOR cHTyaHHH, 3111130Tty 06614e1111OR – XOTA H B 143BeCT -HOR cTeneHH TeaTpa.11H30BaHHOlí –>KH311H, — cepbe3Haa 3aABKa Ha yHmsep-CallbHOCTb.CemarrrpagecKoil HeonperteneHHocTH H MH0r03Ha4HOCTH Ha ypOBHe MH -KpocicokeTa npoTHaonocTaa.nerto BbICTpaHBaHHe IleTKOR Ky.nbTyponorHHe-CKOli cxembi Ha ypop.He maKpocto*e -ra, HrreanorkprecKoPt KoHuenHHH CTHXOTBOpeHHA. 110 Hen AXMaTOBa BBOrHATCA B mHporlyto Ky.nurypHyto napaf(HrMy,CTaHOBHTCA B 0/141H psha C paCHHOBCKOPI criertpoil H npoc.naa.neHHollHCTIOJIHHTellbHHLIell ee pOjIH (ppaHLty3cKoR aKTpucoil 3J1H3011 PaIlle/lb.B Trom pshay cyurecTayeT HeCK011bK0 3TallOB COHOCTaBJICHHA. CaMOCTHXOTBOpeHlie OFIFICbIBaeT AXMaTOBy. 06pa3 AxmaToaoh pacKpbtaaeTca4epe3 cpaanertHe c 3J7H3011 Paluenb. Patitemi) Hrpae -r cPeapy Paama. cPeripaPacHHa oTcbmaerr K GPeape mm0a, ecnH npeHe6pe4b clperipoll EapHnHrta Hchenpon CerteKH. TaKum o6pa3om, neperi Hamkt, no KpagHell mepe, naTHypOBHeBaS1KOHCTpyKLIHA, OTHOIlleHHA me)Kay yposHAmkt KOTOpoh moryT6131Tb paCCMOTPelibl KaK OTHOIlleHHA me*fty 3.TleMeHTaMI4 He3aBHCHMbIXcemHarktnecKHx cptcTem. 414a.nor H , c.neíroaa -re.nbuo, nopo*,nerle HoaoroCM131C/la np0HCX0f(HT Ka>KfIblfi pa3 Ha CTbIKe rtayx cHcrem — J1H60 KaK pe-3)/JIbTaT 11X ripPtHaane*HocTH K pa3Hb1M HCTOpHIleCKHM n.nacTam H Tpa4Huptstm,J1H60 KaK pe3y.nbTaT CTOJIKHOBeHHA B 0/2HOM Hc -ropHHecKom H KyJlb -Typpom TIpOCTpaFICTBe pa3.7114 1-1HbIX 311aKOBbIX cktcTem. B TaKHX cnyltaaxmenc -rayerr oco6b1P1 mexaHHam nepenagH H nopo>KReHHA 141-1CPOpMal.WH, OH661/1 nortpo6Ho Hcc.neaosart B LICTIOM Komn.neKce pa6oT IO. M. floTmaHa.B TlaHHOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH nepe,naLla li B0311HKHOBeHHe HOBbIX CMLICJI0Bocyatec -ranste -rcA c.neRyioutHm o6pa3om. cl3eapa mucpa arcbt.naeT npe*fteacero K clo)KeTy. 06utee anst clpe,apbt mktcpa H Ci) enphi PacHna — c!WKeT, —Pautenb arie 3Toro cto>KeTa. 06atee y cl3e,apbt PacHHa H Pautenkt KyfibTypriasiTpaakiwi51 cppaifuy3cKoro TeaTpa Knacciii.froma, — cPertpa mHepa HaXORHTCAy*e 3a nperte.namH 3TOR TpartHHHH. 06uree y Pawerm H AXMaTOB0171 —

104 TaTbAlla ABHHATHHawecr, noia enano6opora 14HaKHHyrasi Ha nnelm manb, — cke,Eipa Paci-maTeKCTyaAbHa, OHa 6e3OTHOCHTeAbHa K »ecTy. Odulee y AXMaTOBOR 14 CTH -xoTBopeHHA MaHAenburrama — ruippmecKas, 3MOW151, Hacrpoemie, — odecbegpbt H Pamenb BHe 9 -roro HacTpoeHHA, otto npitaAne*H -r Ka6ape H monepHy(CM. 3aMeTKy AXMaTOBOfi O CO3ThaHHH CTHXOTBOpeHHA). B umore mH(1)O chenpe odopalmsaeTcsi mrKpom od Axma -roBoti, H B camoh 1114KAH4HOCT14o6pa3a OT3b1BaeTCA 141.1KJII44HOCTb mmpa.cx:»KeT*ecTchenpa mHtlacl)enpa PacHHaPaillenbAxmaToBa"AxmaToBa"KynbTyptiaA Tpa4141.1HAbacTpoeume14TaK, BpemeHa CBA3aHbi cKDKerom (ApesHoc -rb H lerlaCCHIAH3M) H )KecTom(KnaccH1(H3m H MORepH). OpraH1430BaHlible pa3AH4liblM o6pa3om TeKCTb1 —nbeca PacHHa H arpa PamenH, nose)}eHtiecKHA TCKCT Axma -roBoR H no9TH-4ecKH1i TCKCT MaHAenburrama — 13HyTpH nap CHHXpOHHbl, OH14 odbenHHeHbinpHHanne*HocTbio K ORHOP1 KynurypHoR TpaRHIAHH H nHpHtiecKon 3MO-1iFten. Iriecb oi-KpbmaeTcsi npoc -rpaHcTso AsyHanpaanermoro ABH>KeH1431:OT TeKCTa B npsimom K -reKci-y B umpoKom cmucne cnoBa (nbeCa Paciffla —arpa Pawens) H OT TeKcTa B 111HpOKOM cmucne CA0Ba K CO6CTBeHHO TeKCTy(Axma -rorsa. — "AxmaToaa."). H TyT, KaK 14 B cnytiae ynoTpedneHHA CHHTaK -ClitleCKHX CTb1KOB L1J1 A CO3r(aHHA 31:1)(DeKTa cemaHTHLIecKon MH0r03HallHO -CTH, MaHrtenbw -ram aKTHBHO Hcnonb3yeT xapalcrepHbaR /1J131 AxmaroBot4npHem CTb1KOB H rlepeXOROB: OH14 He MeHee HHCDOpMaTHBHbi, tieM aneMeHTblHMH CBA3b1Baembie.B o6pa3e AxmaToHoti HaX0AAT csoe orpa*effile H rpelleCKHA MH(p, 14(ppaH1(y3cKH11 KJIaCCHIAH3M XVII BeKa, H HacnerorioulaA emy -rpamfitHAcppaH1(y3cKoro -rearpa, H aTmoccpepa Ka6ape 14 monepHa Hal-lana XX BeKa,npHmem TaKoro KAtape H TaK0r0 moRepHa, B KOTOpb1X BO3MO*Hb1M H He-06X0,9HMbIM CTaHOBIITCA odpaaieHme K KfiaCCHLW3My. CnixarsopeHHe (I)HKcHpyeTTOT pentiatiunin MOMeHT, Kor,qa HOBaA Kynb -rypHas 3110Xa po*-Rae -rcsi B cnytiailHo nonmegeHHom, HO 3HamellarenbHom *ecre: "410 Axma-T08011 y Hac HHKTO T a K He nan *ecT. H HHKTO nocne Heell — Hecny-Il Bseraesa M. H. COLIIIHCHI4A.B 2-x Tr. M. 1984. T. 2, c. 403. 06 axma-

Mauaenbiumm H "AxmaToBa" 1054a61Ho MaHnenburram 6b1J1 TaK noTpAceH peallbHb1M npomcniecTBHem, CTaB -IIIHM TOJIL1KOM K CO3L1aHHIO TeKeTa. 3Ta HOBaA Ky.nbTypHaB 3noxa po*-naeTcB B 00060M *ecTe H 0006011 3M014H14, KoTopme He 6b1J1H CBORCTBeH -H131 npe*Hemy Ka6ape H npe*Hemy mor(epHy H He Brianue nopbmatoT CHHMH, XOTA H npHsHocBT OT'1eTJIHBO outywaemoe HeoKnaccHtiecKoe.110, no,c(06Ho TOMy, KaK H CaM aKMeH3M Bb1p0C H3 MOnepHHCTCK011 KynbTypWBeKa. AKMe143M, y*e ocDopmHBuntricsi K TOMy BpemeHH opraHH3a-UHOHHO 14 cTaBuniPt Cl9aKTOM sw -repaTypHoil )KH3HH, po*RaeTcB B *ecTe,3M01411H 14 camom CTHXOTBOpeHHH 3aHOBO, ero Ha3BaHHe OT3b1BaeTCA BnpuBbymbix aHarpammax "Kamtur 14 cpamHAHH AXMaTOBa. Ha Top*ecTso no-.nytiume rocnt: AXMaTOBa, netta.nb, KaMeHb, TeaTp, Cipeapa.AKMCHCTHMCCKHR BeTep nepersepHyn cTpaH141.1u KAaCCHKOB H pomanTH-KOB, H OHH pacKpunHca Ha TOM camom mecTe, KaKoe acero HrKnee 6unoBASI anomi. PaCHH pacKpunca Ha "c13e4pe".. (2,186).OnocpeIosaHHocTb Bo3po*aalouterocsi KflaCCH14143Ma BblX0,51 HT HaypoBefib aBTomeTaoricaHHA, Koraa tua./1b Ha3b1BaeTCA J10,KHOKJ7aCCHLIB -CK01,1, HO He 3aCTb1BaeT Ha Hem. "Tocma no mHpoBofi Ky.libType" crlananaCB0e: HCTOpHKO - KyJIbTypHaA nepcnekTHBa pacriaxHyra, 14 npocTpaHcTaoKy.nbTyphi 1311e3anHO npuo6peTaeT np0H3HTellbHy10 cBepxnponkluaemocTb —"Rapyr CT9.110 Bmpugo BO Bce KOHL161 cBera".Temoti ckeTtpu Matue.nbuiram 3asepluaeT "Kamenb" ("51 He yBH*y3HaMeHHTOA `cbeflpbe..."), H eio *e OTKpbIBaeTCA "Tristia" ("KaK 3THX no-Kpb1BaJI H 3T0r0 y6opa...") 12 — TaK (49eapa OKa3b1BaeTCA B TOI1Ke Bbi6opame*ny KyJibTypoh H cyab6o2. FlanHocTwo cmeHa "napar(Hrmbt Ky.nbTypb1""napanHrmoi't cyr(b6b(" cosepumTcB B CTHXaX 1930-x roaoB,' 3 HO HamemaercsioHa y*e Ha nepeKpecTRe "KamHA" H "Tristia" H HmeHHo B o6pa3eCDeaphi — COOTHeCeHHOM C AXMaTOBOh. TaK, olieBHT(Hylo naparmenb KoBTopomy AByeTHIB1410 COCTaBJIA1OT CTpOKF1:CnailaioT c nnen KnaccHmecKHe mann,Pacnnaanefinun cTpamaHbem KpenHeT ronoc/10CTHraeT cKop6Horo 3aKanaHerorapaaHhem pacKaneHHun cuor...TOBCKOR "cHcTeme )KecTOB" He pa3 nHcanH memyaplIcTu, CM. HanpHM.: FHH3-6ypr 11. AXMaTOBa. FICCK0A6K0 CTpaHHH BCCHOMHHaHHR // BOCHOMHHaHHA o6Arma AxmaToson. M. 1991, c. 133-134.12 H3BeCTHO, 'T0 B 1915 r. MamenuaTam Ta4oKe npl4HIlmaeTca 3a nepeao4"clpeApu" PacHna.13 PCA, c. 66-67.

106 TaTb2Ha ,a13HHATHHaHo npoluem HX B Present Continous, H aHaTHo paccnumarca npoillamfec KnaccHHecKHmH inanamm, HeBLIHTaHHOe crpagaHme B ronoce, npencKa3a-HHe H mar HaacTpemy cygb6e.51 0170321ll Ha 1713,3311HCCTBO PaCkflia...* * *AKMeliCTCKH11 TeKCT HeMbICJIHM 6e3 KynbTypHoro KoHTeKcTa, BKOTOpblh OH nomemaeTca aBTOpOM H B KOTOpOM OH cymecTayeT y*e He-3aBHCHMO OT ero Barili. TeM 6o.nee 3TO cnpaaegnHao TUTA TeKcra, o6pameHHoroaKMeHCTOM X. K alatencry Y., T. e. CO3HaTelIbH0 HaueneHrioro Hagmanor H B TO apema ABJIAIOInerOCA caoeo6pa3Hum aKMeliCTCKI4M aaTomeTaonHcarmem.HmKe MW nonbrraemca 0603Hal1HTb TIMM) HeKoropbie rpaHHToro KynbTypHoro npocrpaHcTaa, B KOTOpOM cymecTayeT HacroameecTHxoTaopeHHe H KoTopoe B npHHurtne 6e3rpaHHLmo.I. flpe>Kge acero, "AxmaToaa" uenum KomnneKcom CBA3e2 anneTeHao61Ljy10 TKallb MaFIXJ1121.11TaMOBCKOil 1103314H.B0-17epBblX, K TaKHM CBA3AM OTHOCHTCA peanH3auHa B RaHHOM TeKcTecpparmeHTa t1pe3abmafino Ba)KHoro a no33HH Marigenburrama napormmrmecKoropaga nevarb/nevanbinnevo/nvenbannaq/anaToK. 14 06paumer Hace6a BHHMaHFle TO, MTO B uenom pane K1110 1FeBbIX KOHTeKCTOB ero 3J1eMeH -Tbl OKa3b1BalOTCA 3HaLIHMO COHOCTaBJleHbl C O6pa3OM AXMaTOBOR.(1) ...yTaHTb A He mory,1-1TO Ha Tebe IletiaTb 1-0C110,E1HA.TaKaA CTpaHHaA nevam... (1, 288)(2) TBoe gymecHoe npomaHouieHbe,ropsvma flOCB14CT X1411141b1X 11T1411;CKa*y - Ab: AcHBoe mei-fari -1e~KaKHX - TO illeJ1KOBWX 3appum (1, 120)(3) Bnono6opoTa, o, neva"... (1, 93)(4) Cnamasì c anev, oKameHenaJlo*HomaccHtlecKaA Ina.nb (1, 93)14 0 p5Lae anaq/neva.nb/anet4H B pyccKoti 1103314H XIX -Hanana XX BeKa CM.:OliepicH HCTOpHH pyccKoti 11033HH XX BeKa. llo3TH4ecKH11 A3b1K H HaHOCTI4J1b.0611111e sonpocbt. 3ByKosasi opraHHaaHHA TeKCTa. M. 1990, c. 223 H jjp. B CBA314C pa36Hpaembim cTnxoTHopeHHem oco6eHH0 npHmemaTeneH OTpb1BOK 143 "c13 C -Api.'" M. 1.113eTaeBOIrl: "PyKH B 3eMJ110 XOTAT — OT 17.17CLII011.11HKH!... BMeCTe 11.11aKaTb 14 amecTe .neqb!"3y6bt ule6eHb XOTAT — B

MamenbmTam H "AxmaTona" 107(5) Kor4a-HH6y4Tn, B CTOJE4Lie marron (...)CopsyT 17.71aTOK c HpeKpacHoPi F0/70861. (1,1 19)(6) np14B61KalOT K wie.nono4y mie.nbt... (1,361)(7) r.71ATICJIH Bna.T1b 3.317/7aKaHHIAC 04H,F1 *CHCKHn 17.11,2 14 MCIllaJICA C FleHbeM my3 (1,124).(11pumephz 1-6 B35ITbl 143 CTHXOTBOpeHVIR, Bripsimyto, o6paII)eHHblx KAXMaTOBOPH. C npyroil CTOPOHW K 3TOMy psuy ripHmmKaer lllanb — 6yror-414, Ho-nepabix, TO4H0171 pHcpmoll K netafib, a BO - BTOpbIX, Ch/HK14140HaJlbHUMaHanorom nJIaTKa , KOTOpb1171 6yrieT COpBaH B CTOJTHLIC mailort. 15 nOKa3a -Tenblio, LITO Bce arremewrm napomimmHecKoro pHaa nevarb/nevanb/nnevo17,1el7b1/ 17J1a ,1/11.71aTOK, CT0J7b Ba>Kuoro ansi MaHnefIbIllTaMa, — KOHCTaHTblno3TH4ecKoro mHpa camon Axma -roHoil, LkeHTpanbHuk oOpa3 B 3TOMyIWIY> KaK H y Malifteriburama, — nevanb.(1) erpowrenen ee 6naro4apio,Flyerb mx 3a6oTa 14 TICLIallb MHHyeT (1, 78) 16(2) H neva.nbHasi My3a M051... (1, 85)(3) Bo mHe neva.nb, KoTopun Ijapb AaBrutno-napcx“ o4apn.r! TbICA4C.TICT6A (1, 99)(4) 11 o negami moen He cnpocHT,H o nevaim CBOCA ne cxa)KeT,TOJIbK0 17JIC40 moe He)KHO FJ1a.)1HT... (1, 271)(5) Ti HanpacHo 6epe*Ho KyTaeutnMHC n.nelm H rpyan B mexa (1, 56)(6) TOTIbK0 mari ero c.ribuny BO cHe (1, 103)(7) rfte My3a, maga, H3H61BaJla... (1, 153)(8) TOJIbK0 rivenbiHe*IiChllIy10 113 ncex 6ecea (1, 92).B0- 13T01,61X, cymeci-Hyer Ltenbul p51J1 KOHTeKCTOB, He cH.Haammix c Axma-TOBOR 14 C ripuBeRernimm riapouHmHHecKum pHaom, COCTaBJ1511011MX napan-_Herm K palnwinbim cpparmetrram paccmarrpHHaemoro Texc -ra. CpeRH TaKOBbIXOTMeTHM:15 Cp. Tax*e y MaHaennurrama: "MCJIbKaIOT *eH11114H1,1 B IlflaTKaX H TABKalOT480pHSOKKH Illafible". H y UBCTaCBON: "O My3a nnava , npexpacHenulasi 143 My3! OTEJ, manbHoe HenaAne H0414 6e.noh!"16 flpHMepbl ,L1a1OTCA TO.71bK0 143 xpoHonormnecxll 6)1H3KHX "AXMaTOBO("cTHxoTnopemin. Bce OH14 HOCAT,xapaxTep.pa3ymeeTcm, cyry6o H.71/110CTpaTI4Blibla

108 TaTbMHa ABHMITHHanOTOM pa3B.SINCT 14X ycTa HemlIcTmeKponapati XMCIIb! (1, 260),aymy OT BHCILIMIX ycnonH9OCB060,aifTb A ymelo.— IcHneHhe KPOBHClIblilly H 6bICTp0 XMCJICIO (1, 283).Cpa3y HeCK011bK0 3J1eMeHTOB o6pa3Horo CTPO$1 C171513b1BaIOT "AxmaTo-Hy" c (Sane nomi-Hut Mallge.TIbIllTaMOBCKHM erHxoTHopeumem "30.TIOTH -CT000 Mega CTpy9...": o6pattleHme K rpemecKoil apeemocTH (B KaMeHlICTORTaisipme nayKa 3fina4b1), MOT11B negami (3qecb, B nevambHoR Taspnne),MOTHB ro.noca (fianeKo B ma/lame ronca) H caM wecT, no3a reportHH (vepe3nevo rior.nsuana). 17K MOTHBy KameHemineki lllanH MaHRenburram eiue pa3 BepHeTc8 Hepe3rulanuaTb C JIHII1HHM geT B CTHXOTBOpeHHH "SI MOT110, KaK >KalIOCTH 11 MHJ10 --rm..." (1937):cTaM, rae C pO3OA Ha rpynkt B nnyx6anielmo9 HcnapHHenayTIIHIA KaMCHCCT*anh, Li -ro Kapycenh no3nywHo-5naronapHa906opamtinaeTc9, roponom ,c(mwa.... (1, 246)B 3TOM OTpb1BKe OKa3b1B310TC51 H Kamenelowast 1na.nb H roTHHecicHfi co-6op, "KaMeHHOCTb" }compor° CTOJIb Ha*Ha AJIA Marmenburrama 1910-xronos (Cp. TaloKe MH0r0 1111CJICHHbIC 01TOTIOCKH "AXMaTOBOr B 3TOM lieT-HepocTHIHHH: )Kani. — nega.nb; Kapyce.nb — xme.nb, PaIllefib; B0343,111H0- ,abllua — paBno,nyninux, aylua; o6opaymBaerc2 — Bno.no6opoTa. K nayTH-He B KOHTeKCTe 011HCaHH51 co6opa Cp. TaKWe: "11 pacn.nacTancst xpam rocnoRenb,KaK .nericH2 kpecTosHx-nayx" - 1, 94).B- TpeTIIHX, C TOLIKH 3peHH51 CB513eh C 6J1H>KanUIHM KOHTeKCTOM HHTepe-c.nosapb CTIIXOTBOpeNH51. Mallge.TIbllITaM CTp0HT 3TOT TeKCT 143 cammx3Hal-IHMbIX 41151 Hero B 3T0 Hpemsi O6pa3OB H CI1013. COI'llaCHO norKmeTam 10.N. fleamia, 18 no KOnHmeCTHy ynarpe6.neHH2 B "Kamne" aywa 3aHHmaeT 417 "HecnymagHo, 14TO npinunoch oronapítuarrh, (...) 4TO vepe3 nneqo 1101-7157-,ae.na' Bepa ApTypoBHa (Torba *eHa C. IO. Cynefnaltia, nurom - N. CI). C -rpantiticxorol,a He AxmaTona" (Tonopon B. H. AxmaTona H Bnox. Berkeley 1981, c.145). Oronaptina -rh, anpomem, nimunnoch camon Axma -roson (2, 204).18 JlesHH IO. H. O 'IaCTOTHOM cnonape 5131,11Ca nowra // Russian Literature. 2,1972, c. 5-36.

Ma IihiefiblifTa M kf "AxmaroBa" 109mec -ro (14 yno -rpe6neHH(1), rierianb — 6-11 mecTo (12), xameHb — 39-48MCCTO (6), TOJI0C — 64-96 MCCTO (4). B HTOrOBOM 3HaLIHMOCTHOM cnoBapeno3Ta, onpegensnoulem oTHouleHme paHra cnosa B 3 -ranonnom cnosape KpaHry cnosa B cnoBape no3Ta, negami OTBOJIHTC$1 17 mecTo (npH TOM, 1-1TOB r(allbHC1.1111CM ee p0J1b B 1103THLIeCKOM yHuBepcyme MaHHeJlbIllTaMa pe3Konagae -r: B "KaMHe" 12 yno -rpeOnemfil, 3a Bce nocnegylowee BpemB — 3),nywe — 25 MCCTO, xamblo — 53, xme.nx) — 95. B 3Halmmoc -rnom cnoBape"Kamn2"17eLlallb CTOHT Ha 1mecTe (npH 3TOM ORHa 143 CaMbIX LiaCTHbIX KpH( m xpycranb Ha 38), ,ayzua — Ha 7, KaMeHb — Ha 48. 0 CB51314"KameNHok"neKcHKH c no3THLiecKoh KomzeribtHen MaHgenburrama 1910-x rogoB y>KeroBopHnocb.B- LieTBepTblX, He 3a6ygem O BK.T110 ,-1CHHOCTH "AXMaTOB02" B MaHACJIb -WTaMOBCKHF1 MHCP o cl3CHpC.11. ,Barnibi2 TCKCT cnenyeT paccmarpHBarb 14 KaK pennHKy B 1103T14 -11eCKOM gHanore Maugenburrama H AXMaTOBOR, KaK LlaCTb MX coamecTporoTCKCTa C Pa3Pa60Ta111102 CHCTCM0171Tem 14, CJ1e40BaTeJlbH0, C yCTaHOBK011 Ha LutraTy. 19o511lmx o5pa3oa, 1-103T144eCKHX X0,50B HBo-nepaux, BecnyvaBrio cpaimenne AxmaToBoh — epe Pamenb c"Herogylouiell chegpoh". 2° CIO>KCT Tparenktm Pacima B npmpuHne COOTHOCHMC OT1H0171 143 noBecTBoBaTenbHbtx nHrtHR Toro nktpHliecKoro pomalia,KOTOpb12 npegcTaBnBeT co6oà" 11033H51 AXMaTOB02 1 91 0 - X ropoB (5. M.3fixeH6aym): repopum 6CCCO3HaTellbH0 H 6C3HyMHO npllpocHT CTpaPaHH51 14CMepTb "Becenomy MaJlb414Ky" (" 1-leTK11", rn. 11, 111). Y AXMaTOBOP1 14MCHHO011 CTaH0B14TC51 rfIaBHb1M repoem H *CpTBOA J11060BH011 gpambi, 0,E1HaK006E1.351 KaF1Ba ee — npecTynHaB He0)10JIHMa51 J11060Bb, Bertywasi K cmeprmHCBHHHOr0 pe6euKa-lonoun4 14 MyLIHTellbHOil CO3HaHHC repOHHCR CBOCì:1 BMHbI— yrBep*gaeT cDef(py B Kaliec -rBe ogHoro H3 axmaToBcKHx 3epKan. 2 'BO - BTOpb1X, 06pa3Hblil crpori CTIIXOTBOpeHH51"AXMaTOBa" OpHeHTk1p0 -Ha o6pa3Hbal cTpoR aXMaTOBCK02 J1HpHKH. 0 3Ha4HMOCT14 negami B H03 - sali19 PCF1., c. 70-71.20 K aonpocy O "mH(1)0TBopvecTBe" maHmegburrama CM. CBFUTeTe.T1bCTBO B. M.)KHpMyucKoro O nepnouamanbnom napnatrre `o -rpantrenbitttua cheapa' (Fm0-36ypr 11. 1. JlHTepaTypa B nottexax peanttoc -rn. /1. 1987, c. 173). Boo6ute *eMM(1) o che ape 6h13] Becbma nonynnpen B F10334114 H avana nega ("Flnametibcheapm" Ky3MHHa, "chenpa" UBeTaeB0F1 M T. 4. ).211104p06H O 06 3TOM CM.: IIM BbAH T. B. AHTH4Hble repottnm — 3epKa.1a Ax-maTonon // Russian Literature 1974, N° 7/8, c. 103-119; TO N< e CM.: JlturepaTyp-H0e O6o3penme 1989. N, 5, c. 29-33.

Mame.litiluTam H "AxmaToBa" 111XapaKTepHO, LITO FlOMTH ace 3TH o6pa3u BcTpetraKyrcsi B KOHTeKCTaX,011HCblBalOL1IHX BHyTpeliHVIk mHp .THipHirecKoR repokum. TaKHM O6pa3OM,MauRenbuiTam coutaeT CBOC cTHxo -rp.opeTme C nomomblo H C ylleTOMaXMaTOBCKOTO no3THLiecKoro c.rioBapsi, 3Ha4liTanbHble cpparmen -ru KOTO -poro COCTaBlISHOT aBT001114CaHHe JimprpiecKoll repoHrm 4103311H AXMaTOBOk.B - TpeTbHX, B TeKcTe CTI4XOTBOpeHHA npktcyTcTsyeT H ripsimast OTCWIKaK impHKe ajlpecaTa. ropbiairt xmanb — 1414TaTa 143 aXMaTOBCK0r0 CTI4X0 -nbeurb molo aywy...", ~loro 143 nepsuxTBOpe111431 "KaK CanOMHHKOFI,"Be.iepe". OTMeTHM, KcTaTH, napanfienH3m roiroca (y MaHrienburama)ayinkt (y AxmaToaoh):3.noBelupul rarroc — TOpbK111:1 XMC.171,KaK conomuHKoti, nbetub M010 ,llyillyyuni pacKonbmaeT Heapa 3Haro, sKye ee ropeK 14 xmeneB.B o6pa3Hoti cHoreme nomHeil AXMaTOBOk rOJI0C CTaHOBI4TC51 rofiocomTlaMATII, OH eCTb He TO/16K0 nyquree Bupa>Kerme rtyinri H rta>Ke He TanbK0Cabla nyina, HO H — Bhune — 30B Cyllb6b1 H Betiliocut N FOJIOC BeLitiOCTH30BeT C HeOp0/111MOCTE310TaKHM o6pa3oM, 3Ta 1114TaTaARTIReTC51 C>KaTb1M, notiTH cpopmy.nbHum Bbipa*eHmem K.5110 1-1eBblX 46151 AXMa -TOBOk MOTHBOB, Bnepsue ElpeaCTaBfleHHbIX B Ha3BaHHOM CTHXOTBOpeHHH HBrIOCJIanCTBHH tempo paCCbIrlaIlliblX 110 Beek aXMaTOBCKOk nripriKe.III. flpucy -rcTsHe flyurKHHa B aKMCIICTCKOM TeKcTe HeCOMLICHHO; 6oneeToro, OHO COCTaBJ151eT omHy 143 camux 3Ha4HMbIX KOHCTaHT 1103T14 1-leCK0r0mktpa aKMekI3Ma. 3TO ripptcyrcTRHe Elp0ABJ151eTC51 14 B Opl4CHTaLAHH Ha °rupefieJleHH6111THri B3a14MOnekCTB1151 1103Ta 14 Ky.ribTypu (n0314141151 tracTuoroJ1141..Xa,coveTaHHe 1-1p03b1 H 1103311H, 1.114TaTHOCTb, He rIpl4T513aTellbHOCTb"1311e111H14X" 3J1eMeHTOB clgopmu npH HaripspKeHHH "EsHyTperumx" 11 T. a.), 14 BHaCbIllleHHOCTH CTFIXOTBOpenlik AXMaTOB014 n MaHReJ16111TaMa nyruKHH-CKHMH MOTHBaMH, H B oco6o2, He CBORHMOk K cymme al1/1103H1:4 H FlapaJ1J1e -nyinKHHcKoh- aTmoccpepe. TaK, orrixoTaopeHme MaH,E1ellbILITaMa mo>KeT6b1T13 BOCkpilHATO KaK cBoeo6pa3Hufi nepricppa3 Ha4anbHbIX CTPOK "IlepHOkilla.nH":r.rim)Ky, KaK 6e3yMHbl1 , Ha HepHyto Illallb,H xnaiwylo pyilly Tep3aeT neHanb.Cp. TaKAce mna,Liast rpet-tatmea KaK napanne.rib K clpeape. Boo6we C13513Hme*Try psulom cTuxorHopemui, pa3HHHalon14x -remy cheaphi, H LACTIbIM KOM -11J1eKCOM 311aLleHllfi H aCCOLI,Ha1jH11, o6bej1HHeriux B [103TH4eCKOk cHcremeMaHae/16111TaMa HmeHem Flyancku-ra, 3aCJIy)K14BalOT oTne.ribuoro paccMoTpe-

112 TaTbAHa ,a131111.11THHa111451 (Cp. XOTSI 6w cooTHeceHHe cheRpu H flynnania Hepe3 o6pa3 MepHoroconHua). 23IV. B CB513H C "AxmaTosofr oco6oro BH14MaHH51 3aCJIy)KHBaIOT OT3bIBb1Ha npeacTaanernie "c13e4pu" B FleTep6ypre B 1853 roRy. flo npeRno.no>KeramoT. B. L(HabaH, 24 KHHra ")K. PacMH. clperipa, nepeHon B cmixax pa3mepomnoThnHHHHKa ilbaa IlanHaatiosa C HpH.no*eHHem 3Tlo/la flarella o4)paH1. y3cKoR KnaccumecKoii Tpareitim 14 apyrylmm 06bACHHTejlbHbIMHCTaTb51/414" (M. 1895) 6bIlla 311aKOMa 14 MaH,FIeJlbllITaMy 14 AXMaT0130(4. HapAflyCO BeeM11 pycc}cHmH nepeaonamm "cpenpb1" B 3Ty KHHry 6b1JIH BKJ110 11eHblpeuen3HH Ha npenc -raa.netwe Tparemul PacHHa B Ile -repdypre c 3111430g Pallle.71bB rlIaBHOfi po.nH. OLIeB}IfIHO, 01114 51BHJIMCb 0,LIFIHM 143 rilaBHUX HCTOLI -HHKOB MaHRellbIllTaMOBCKOr0 CTFIXOTBOpeH1451.B onHcaHHH AxmaToHoti-Patue.rm Manne.nburam (pparmeHTapeH, Hecb061114K repOHHH BbICTpaHBaeTC5I 14M 110 HeCK011bK14M Mepram: 1103a (0CaFIKa),ranoc. Bce OH14 HmeioT apeKHaTHue napa.n.ne.rm B TexcTaxpeue13H14 Ha Hrpy Palpami. 5o.nee Toro, HenHmecTHermaA ocaHKa, r.ny6oKk11ranoc, CKyllbrITypHOCTb acero 06J111Ka aKTpHCbl — He npocTo OTf(ellbHbIemomeHrbi B onHcaum4 ee Hrpu, a ROM1411aHTbl, oTmeHaemue icpwriiKamm;CO6CTBeHHO, 314 ,a0MHHaFITb1, H npe)K4e Hcero HMeHHO 01111, 14 COMaleTo6pa3 Painankt-cPeapm — OH COCTOHT 113 TeX "OparmenroB", tuo 14o6pa3 AXMaTOBOÀcÌ. 2523 Jeanne van der Eng-Liedmeier. Manderstam Poem "V Peterburge my sojdemsjasnova" // Russian Literature 1974, M 7/8, c. 181-202; Ky3MHHa C. ,r1aa npeapaute-M451 04H01-0 CO.T1 H Ha. 3aMeTKH K "flywKwicKoti Teme" MamenbwTama // IlwreparypHoeO6o3peHHe 1991. N! 1, c. 37-40; MOMBHHOB A. 5. CIO)KCT 4epH0r0COTIHIla B TaopmecTae 0. MaHACJ1bIllTaMa // tiCJI0BeK. KyJlbTypa. C.710B0. M140 -no3 -rpca ,aaepHasi 14 coapemeHHaa. Bbm. 2. OMCK 1994, c. 84-131. 06 o6pa3etlepHoro COAHL1a B MHPOBOM HcKycc -rae CM.: Capb1KHH A. A. "IlepHoe carmue" //KpaTKHe C006111eHHA HHCTHTyTa Haponoa A3HH. Bbm. 80. M. 1965, c. 20-32.24 -111411bAti T. B. KaccaHapa - ,LButoHa - che4pa. AHT141HbIe repoHHH - 3ep-Ka.na Axma -roaon // JlI4TepaTypHOe O6O3peHHe 1989. N° 5, c. 33.25 CM. MH01"011HCJICHHble 3aMellaHH51 O CLICHHLIHOCTH 14 CKYJ1HTYPHOCTH axma-TOBCK01-0 06.nma H axmaToacxxx flop -me-ma (!), coaep*autHeca, Hanpmmep, B"3amacKax o6 AHHe Axma -roson" 11. LlyKoacKon. XpotionormmecKaa npHypomen-HOCTb BbIBOAHT HX 3a pamKH HaCTOSIELICF0 113J10)KeHH51, HO RaeT Hamemy ciwKeTyOTLICTAHBy10 nepCneKTHBy. Cp. Hanp.: "OHa 6buta Hecomnerma, ilocToaepHa,cpe,a14 BCCX KO.T1C6/110111HXCA He.L1OCTOBCpHOCTC11. (...)O Hen T51Hy./10 nHCaTb,noTomy LI T 0 cava oHa, ee C./10Ba H 110CTyliK14, ee 1-0J10Ba, 11J1C-1H 14 ABH*CH143 ,1pyK o45.nana.m4 TOPI 3allepIlleHHOCTb10, KaKaa 06bI9HO npuHawle*HT B 3TOMMHPC onaHm J1H111b BeJIHKHM 17p0H3Beaellif.RM vcxyccisa (3neCb H nanee Kypcma

Manaefibwiam H "AxmaroBa" 113HeB03MO*H0 3a6bITb HBBIalpa3HMOR F0pC4H (3ACCb H naJlee xypcm3 mnon- T. A.) B ee B3r.nR,ae H ronoce, Kor4a oHa co3Hanana npecTynHocTbCBOHX *enaHH11, H B TO *e npemn uyncTrsorsana, 4T0 01111 TaKmo, 4TO 4.451 Hee HCT cnacemln, HeT Hcxo4a! A cfmrypa ee, Kor4a oHarocomtna7 Bw MyBCTBOBaJIH, 4TO oHa cropana BHyTPCHHHM orHeM, 4TOona cTonna Ha xpaio MOTH.T1b1Hal.106H0 IlpH3HaTbC51, 4T0 MI31 mwor4a HC BH,ECC.TIH CHeHH4CCK01-0 /Unta,KoTopoe 6bino 6w Tax 6oraTo oiapeno npmpo4o(4, xax r-*a Panici -1u:BbICOKHh cTpotiHbat pocT, H npexpacHoe Bblpa3HTC.T1bH0C T111-1 BO-CTOMHOR KpaCOTbI, vepHbie OFFICHHHC r.na3a, pocxoumbie 14CpHble BarlOCH,na4aioume 6ecnopnaotmumkt .TIOKOHaM11 Ha mpamopHylo melo. (...) 4yLHwflronoe ee nopa3Hn HaC c nepnbix3ByKOB. C11.711311NR, My*CCTBCHHbIrl,H113KHX TOHaX noriTH my*cKotli, OH nmecTe C Tem TaK rJIy6OK, TaK 113 -- MCH4HB, IATO B HCM OTAHBaCTC51 CB0604H0 BCC 6CCKOHe4H0e pa3H0cHmnaTimecxralodpanie 4yBCTB 4eJlOBC4eCKHX. (...) 3TOT CTpaCTHID12,raTIOC CCTb 6OraTeflmee coxpomune 1-- *H PaIllellb. 3T0 OLILHO 113 TCXMar114CCKHX opynmi apTHCTKH, KOTOpbIM oHa lip0H3BO,L1HT HeoTpa3HMoenneriaTneime Ha cepaue 3p1ITC.431. 27mo2 - T. A.). Cy1b6a AxmaToson — HCLITO 60/1bIllee, vem na*e ee CO6CTBeHHa51JIH4HOCTb — neRHna Torna y MCHS1Ha F.TIa3aX 113 3TOR 3HaMCHHTOPI H3a6powenHort, CHAbH0171 H 6CCII0M0111H0F1 *CH11114Hb1 — 113Ba5111MO cKop6H, Clip0T -CTBa, ropmam, myxecma" (tlyxonexan II. 3arnicKH 06 AHHe AXMaTOBOV1. T. 1.1938-1941. 113,E1. 2-e, Hcnp. 11 non. [tappi* 1984, c. 12). "H euie pa3 npo ce6nyaMBH.TlaCb Tomy, KaK 4CJI0BeK MO*CT 6bITb TaKHM COBepIlICHHbIM H TaKHM Bbl -pa)KeHHbIM. XOTb Cel:NaC B Upoiny, Ha meparib, Ha nbeilecTa.n. CTaTysi maymtiliBOCTilewm 3aAyma.nach, rHeBa — ecim paccep,BH.nach" (TaM *e, C. 174).N T. A. KaK OTMerlaeT A. AoxyxHHa-Bo6enu, "MOTHB *H3HH B xamHe" H CB51 -C HI1M "Tema menonemecKoro oxamenemin npH cTpa4aHHH H 6onH" eine 3amiamB camom Havane 1910-x I-040B npmunx KAxmaTonon OT A. M0411J1b3111H, o6pa-THBIlleMC51 B TO BpCM51 OT *HBOFIHCH K cxynnType (Aoxylonia-Bo6e4b A. AHHaAXMaTOBa B HeH3BCCTHbIX pptcynxax MOL1H.T1b51H11 // Russica Romana. Vol. I.1994, s. 171).26 5161011C fbit. Paulenu B "ceppe" // PacHH )K. 4>e4pa... M. 1895, c. 134.27 Cp.: 3J10BC11(1111 roJIOC — ropuKHR xmeim — Ayum pacxonunaeT Heapa...MCH51 flOpa3H.TI ronoc AxmaTonoil (...) — FOJI0C, rny6oKHA H H113KHR, npexpacHo06.riaLtalown3 HCO6bIKHOBCHHOPt 411CTOTO1H 11011HOTO2 3ByKa;ronoc, KOTOpb111 HCJIb351 3a6bITb" (FICTp0B BC. (130HTaHHbIll ,a0M //BocnomHHatnin o6 AnHe AxmaTonon. M. 1991, c. 222).

114 TaTbIllia ,aBHHATHHa(...) Ho ee.T114 BW o6parrwre BHHMaHHe Ha nnacTwlecKylo cTopoHy ee Hrphi,Ha 3Ty oxiimuyio AB.Hxywylocii cxyAbliTypy rpewm, TO, KOHCHHO,6y)eTe He meHee yai4BAeHEJ pocKolublo 14 pa3Hoo6pa3Hem cpopm, }calmeBbl TyT Hc-rpeTwre. IlocmoTpwre Ha 3Ty 6.T1eHHy10 TocKylonlylo HapHuy, B30J10TOM BeH11e, B BypflypHOR MaHTHH (Cp. Illallb - T. A.) (...) Pa3Be 3TO He113311.11Hblh, K.BaCCIlMeCKHE CHIIMOK C aHTFILIHOTO 6apC)7124a 7 (...) Pa3Be 3T0He cTaTysi, imíaeHHasi samH Korna-TO, Teriepb 0>K14B111a51 7 AenCTBH -TeAbH0, nepei samm KaK 6y,stro ON11.17 ZipCBHbal MpaMop, 6y,curo Hans/muniiABH)KeHHe H )KH3Hb 3TH 14351111Hble o6pa3bi, 3aBel1laHHble ApeBHOCTb10. 28V. 5J1OK H MaHrleIlbIllTaM: CT14X14 K AHHe AXMaTOBOfi — TeMa OT/Tlellb -H02 pa6oTbl. 3,z(ecb MW OTMeTHM TOJIbK0 HeKoTopme 6.TIOKOBCKFle napan-.nenH K "AxmaTosoir N3 CTI4XOTBOpeH14171, xpoHanorwiecxll eN 611143KHX.Bo-nepBbix, 3T0 npHmegaTenbuoe Texcrosoe coanarteHme. HenocpegcTseHHOnepefx "AxmaToBor 6bulo HanHcano nepsoe cnixoTnopettHe UN -Klla "tlepHast KpoBb", Haminaionieecsg CJI0BaM14 "B non-o6opara rM BCTallaKO MHC..." (2 5111Bapsi 1914). 29 Cp., ORHaKO, TaloKe H y caioro Malinellb-111TaMa: "CHagalla HaM aliena B3rpycmeirg, MM cnpockim ;colpe c Impacco.Briano6opora ot5eplieTcA cPopTyrng HallieR Kanecor (1, 291).BO - BTOpb1X, 3T0 BO3MO*Hble MOTHBHble pemmikicuefflaktm 143 Toro *e6.noKoacKoro umeria. repollHA CTI4XOTBOpe111451 MaHriesiburrama "Ha PaBH0-,aputita 1701-J7.9aCJIa". TeCHOTa CTFIXOBH0r0 psua N HeonpeaerieriocT6o6beKTa CO3,51a10T £10110J11114Te.T1bH0e OKKa3140HaIlbH0e 3lialieHHe paBHoayni-HO nornAnana. MOTHB B3rJ151/1a flp0X0ANT 4epe3 BeCb 1414K.T1 "LlepHasiKpOBb": B3r.T154/1 mc»KeT 6bITb 14ryarenbubim, H ">KaaliblM", H "ycranum".HO Ba*CH H MOTHB B3171.37,aa — He-B3r.nstaa, BcTpegatonwilcsi y*e B nepaomCTYIXOTBOpeH1414 1.114KJIa, Oli mO>KeT 661Tb conocrameH C paBH04y111Hb1MB317751,a0M 143 CTHXOTBOpeH1451 MaHnellbIllTaMa. Cp. y 5.110Ka:1I1HpHTC51 Kpyr Timer° mHe 01-11.51,TU, H He 17151.a51, rfiRamalb Ha meHH!nen.nom noRepHyTbal 6ypb111 KOCTepTBOA ne F.1151A2111101, CK0.1112351111MR TBOR B3Op 130B-TpeTbnx, H "AHHe AXMaTOBOh" anoKa (16.12.1913) H "AxmaTosa"Maime.riburrama (Hatl. 51HBap51 1914) conocTasHmbi KaK e/Ba J114 He camble2 8H. F-Aca Pawenb Ha neTep6yprcKoll cueHe B ponti "cheilpia" // PacHH)K. cheapa... M. 1985, c. 138-139.29 OTmemeHo B. H. TonopoHum (AxmaToBa 14 BAC«. Berkeley 1981, c. 82).30 B.HOK A. A. Co6paHHe compmeHHA. B 8-MH TT. M.-/I. 1960. T. 3, c. 54.

Mamenbun -am H "AxmaTosa" 115CYLLIeCTBeHHbIe TO4KH pa3BepTIABaHH51 aXMaTOBCK0r0 06pa3a - MH(I)a 191020x rorlos. OJUIH 113 K04013, voTopme 5.nov mcnonb3yeT 1)151 HOCTPOCHHAnoyrnvecvoro o6pa3a AxmaToBon, — 3TO von Kapmen. 3 'Y Me1131 HHKOF,Eia He 661)10 HcHaHCKOh wanH, B xcrropon 51 Tam H3o6paxKeT121, 11H414811,11ya/lbHble H cnymartHme 210 110C.Tle,E111e1-0 spemeHH, HaHannix rna3ax 3asoeRam4 rpaxveci- ("Bbt HaKHHeTe fleH14B0...") 14 manti — OJ(HH 143 F_TIaBH131X,HeH3MeHHbIX crirnaTyp aXMaTOBCK0F0 o6pa3a (3HaMeHl4T0e 6JIOKOBCKOe "anue ma.nb?"). C r(pyrofi CTOp011 bI, nmenno palrinvne B onpenenerinn mann"ncnancvoir 14 ".no*noicriaccni-lecvor — rinvi -yeT B KOHeLIHOM cvere pa3-Anime AByx sepcnh "axma -roBcvoro mktella" — "ponimi ruvecvoir 14 "vliaccnvecvoir, npktnartne*awnx COOTBeTCTBeHHO pyCCKOMy POMaIITH3My H pyccvomymaccun43my Haquia XX BeKa.VI. B eriBa. AH He camoti 6ora -ro11 143 no3 -roB XX Beva HvonorpacpktAxmaToBoti Ilenb111 pyiri ee n3o6pa>venn11 conocTaBnm C manaenburramoB-CKIIM CTIIXOTBOPeHHEM HA H OTCbIllaeT K nemy, HCF1011b3Y51 ero COCTaBJISI 10 -utue. Wanb , no3a "Bnoiio6opoTa" (ripo(hkum), narniuk nevalin B3rJI514 —nandanee vac -rwe arIeMeHThl nvonorpacprivecvoro "cnoBapB" Axma -roBoA,KOTOpb1e npncyrcmytor H B nop -rpe -rax A. 3e.nbmanoBoR, H. AllbTMaHa, O.ilte-ILTIa - B0C - KaP,210BCK02, 14 B CTaTy3TKe H. ,EtaHbKO, H Ha mnormx clgo -rorpacpsixsn.norrb epo -rorpacp11 1946, vonua 1950-x H 1960-x roacia c nome--Fai« "rari H LIblHO" H "Komaposo" (navali° 1960-x 14 1965), ,5p. 3amernm,KeTaT14, 4T0 B CaMOM 0614)11414 143o6pa*ennii AXMaTOBO( H, B 4aCTHOCT14, Bxypo*ec -rBeimbix OTr011OCKaX "Bno.no6opoTa..." MO*H0 yBill1eTb neo*n-RaHliblfi, "C 06PaTH02 CTOPOHbl", BbIXOR K pannemy aKMePICTCKOMy Te3FICY31 MaJ11311 A., JÌOTMaH IO. CT1IXOTB013CH14e B.TIOKa AXMaTOBOR" B nepe-Bone ,L1e6opm BaapaHnu // 5noxoBcx141 c60ptnix 11. TapTy 1972, c. 4-24.

116 TaTbAHa ,aBHHATHHao npepnol-iTeHHH H306pa3HTeJlblIbIX HCKyCCTB ,apyrHm H csoeo6pa3Hoe eronoRTsep*Remle, KoTopoe Tem 6o.nee HHTepecuo, tiTO nporicxorwrr OHO Hacoaeptuermo HHOM ypop.He Ky.nbTypHoro 6bITOBaHHA. 14 TorAa y*e Henpoc -ro coananeimem Ka)KeTcm TOT glaKT, LITO axma -roacKHe H306pa>KeHHAqacTo lia3b1BalOT KaMeAMH:" KdMBA — aniewm, — anarpamma npoapaqua Hr.ny6oKa orlHoBpemeHHo. 33VII. Ha3BaHHble stalle llepTbl o6pa3a AXMaTOB0171 B 11306HJI1I4 paccesmuHO BCeMy "aXMaTOBCKOMy TeKcry" pyccKoli JarrepaTypw XX BeKa. BOTJIH111b HeKoTophie npHmepbtB. rmnnptyc:A. 5.noK:FlerialibH61M B30p0M H HbAHRILHIMAXMaTOBa 17131,11HT Ha BCCX,11151,1IHT B rila3a rocreanetiallbHbIM B3OPOM H 17bAHAIRHM,5b1.71 Huxyxonem HaCTOSHBHMEe 6naroyxaHHun mex.17Clia.11bH61M B30p0M H 17b51H5HUHMAXMaTOBa FA51,11HT Ha BcCX (CIO THITH141.1aM B THFlep6Opee'...)Bbl HaKHHCTC JleHHBO/11a.//b HcnaHcKylo Ha 17J1e4H... (AHHC AXMaTOBOR)M. 1..(Berraeaa:(...) Te6H, veri TOJIOC — o 1".Ily6b! o mrna! (AxmaTosoil, 2)Y TOHKOP1 Elp0BOJ10K11 Han BOJIHOP1 OBCOBCerO31H51 ranoc — KaK Tb1051414 FOJ1000B!32 CM., Hanp.: Hannenbdaym M. C. OT pemeena K HcKyccmy. MCKyCCTBO ()o-TonopTpeTa. 11331. 2-e. M. 1972, c. 100; MHnameBcKHA B. C. Bgepa, no3aH4epa...BoenommHaHHH xyno*HHKa. 113n. 2-e, Hcnp. H 4on. M. 1989, c. 165; MO.TIOK 10.Kamem Ha odno*Ke (K IICTOpHM oRnon mHeTH(I)AKatu4H) // 01-1b1Tb1 1994. N, 1, c.116.33 11. qyKOBCKa51 npHHoLkHT H Kypbe3Hbll 14 110Ka3aTellbHb1P1 Honpoc ioHon"noKa3aTe31bnoti TIOKTIOHHH1.161" K AXMaTOBOP1: "FlpaBna 31H cymecTsyloT Lule Ba -11114 CTaTy3TK14 H ode B flappt*e, TaK KaK 861 — aKmemTKa 7" (-1yKOBCKaS1 I1. YK.COM ., C. 172). Hozpodno o nopTpeTax AXMaTOB011, MX MCCTO B XyZIO*CCTBCHHOMcomiaHHH 1920-x r0310B 14 CBA314 C "neTepdyprcKHm TeKCTOM", a TaK)Ke 614-6nHorpacPfflo Honpoca CM.: MOJ1OK 10. YK. COtl., c. 115-147; TaloKe: MonoK IO.BoKpyr paHmIx nopTpeToB // /114TepaTypHoe OdoyeHHe. 1989. N° 5, c. 81-84.

MamenbulTam H "AxmaToBa" 117Ft 6y6eHuthr npoe3*He — CBAT! CBAT! CBAT!He Tem *e Ah ronocom, Focnonm, rorsopsr -r?CTOIO, 14 cnywalo, 14 pacrmparo KO.T1OC,Ft TeM111.1M Kynonom MeHA 3aMbIKaeT — palme. (AxmaroBoll, 10)H. HeR06p0Bo:Ft ranoc -mon y ropna, .TlaCTACb, BbeTCA.(C TO60P1 B pa3nyKe OT TBOHX CTHXOB...)F. Aaamoimq:Bor npifinna, Boalna Ha 3c -rpa,ay,HC3HaKOMble nena cnosa,y scex o -r myrHoro JailaOrymanmnacb ronoBa. (Ho yrpam cso6onnbin H BepHblfl...)M. 1103HHCKHfi:H THX14X neceH M141.40.TleTHbIll(He 3a6bmwa51)A. TapKOBCK142:K TBOHM HoraM 111)14.T1bHyTb 3aCTaB14.71Cnantatiumil naBp, roptiaganig xme.nh... (flamsrm A. A. AXMaTOBOfl, 1)CartOry6:Korta asymT crHxoTsopenbe.../Nella Hall 3b1 15KHM MC401■4 ycr... (AHHe AxmaroBori)H. Has.now414:H ranoca 13140/10114e.T1b,Fl rnaa ee mepuaHbe.CTHXOB Henowroptimbitt XMCJIb,KaK C *H3Hb10 paccraBaHbe (AHHa AxmaroBa, 1)H paBH04yIIIHO Benwiasa• xax tiockma citaByB npeKpacHofl ropnocrii cBoen (AHHa AxmaroBa, 2)r. HaaHOB:Ho Bceaonoaa Kits13e8a OHHHe BcnomHsrr B noporoPt emy TCHH,HHCy,aeRKHH01:1 He BCTIOINHAT,HH VepHyío a XMaTOBCKy10(Hmapcnin nautelib. Ha 6eperax

118 TaTbAHa ArBHHATHHaCp. OH »e: "TanbKo ina..nb Ha ee n.nemax npe*HBB — TemHam B KpacHmepO3bl". "Jlo*HoK.naccHutecKaB KaKa51 TaM Wallb J10*Ho-KnaccH4e-CKa51 — npocTog 6a6Hfi nJIaTOK , HaKHHyTb12, MTO6b1 He 3516)114 11.11eMH!". 34B. WKJIOBCKHfi: «AHHa AXMaTOBa B Ille.T1KOB011 IllaJIM, B ifiami, KO -Topaia KaMeTCA WiTaTOA H3 5J70Ka H MaHaellbillTaMa (KypCNB MOM - T.4). 35lloc.nerwee 3amevarme B. 111.noBcKoro ot-teub Ba)KHO. AkmeH3m pea6H-JIHTI4p0Ban Bell1b, yTBepakili HHTaTy. FpanHubt me*,uy Belublo H UHTaTO11CTlipalOTC51. WaJ1b, 6b1B111a51 L1.1151 5.110Ka MeTacpopofl KapMeH, /visi Mali-Rellb111TaMa — MeTacpopoil chektpu, cTaHoBHTcB meTonummeri AXMaTOBOk.CHHTe3HPOBaTb MeTa0111CaH1451 npeacTosmo camog AxmaToBoil — B aBTO-meTaonHcaHHH:...Bonay cablalllanb BocrieTylo He CHHMaA...H KaK 6y13TO ripHnomHmB LiTo-TO,110BCpHyBIIH4Cb snono6opoTa... 36Pa3roBop O6 aKmeHcmgecKoR nmaTe, HaqaTbH1 B. H. TonopoBba4, P. 2:LTHmeHumom, T. B. L(HBb51H, mo*er 14 nan*ert 6b1Tb nportan*en. B maCTHO-CTH, oute.nbuoro BH14MaH1451 3ac.ny*HBaeT CHOCO6HOCTb aKMekiCTCKOr0TeKCTa npoaywipoBaTb WiTaTy. TeKCT OKa3b1BaeTC51 HaTIpaBfleHHb1M HeTOJIbK0 B npoimnoe (nuTaTbt 1-13 nperuBecTsylounix TeKCTOB), HO 14 B 6yaywee(Hcnanb3oBaHHe B nOC.neaytonuix TexcTax 14 camo comaHHe TexcTa BpactgeTe Ha 6yRyIlly10 LANTary). 37 PO*ReHHas1 "TOCKOB no mHpoBoR Kyllb-Type", L1HTaTa CTaHOBHTC51 epaKTOM cyab6b1, He TarlbK0 mHp pearanyeTcB BTeKcTe, HO 14 TeKCT B MHpe, H TaM, r,Qe nall*Ha 6b1lIa 6b1Tb memy HHMHrpamtna, 3By4HT WlTaTa: Heymo.rmaemocTb eft csoficiseima.(mapT 1994)34 Ile,aHoB F. B. Co6pauKe COMHFICHHFI. B 3-x Tr. M. 1994. T. 3, c. 61.35 1.61enoscKHR B. 6. Fam0s/pcxmA cmeT. CTaTbH BOCHOMHHaHHA acce(1914-1933). M. 1990, c. 147.36 UHT. no: UHBbAH T. B. KaccaH4pa — £(514oHa — cl,e4pa, c. 31.37 TaK, nameHHToe axmaToBcKoe "11033HA — cama oTiFia Ben}wonenHasiwiTaTa", 6C3yCAOBHO, CO34aHO B pacmeTe Ha Bymymee HHTHp0BaHHC Il Ha 06I-Tosallme HMCHHO KaK HHTaTIA.