vo;o 2 % Vf'kZ - Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany

okf"kZd foojf.kdk2004-2005

1946© chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅ 226 007, Hkkjrizdk'kdfuns'kdchjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226 007HkkjrnwjHkk"k : 91-522-2740008/2740011/2740399/2740413QSDl : +91-522-2740098/2740485bZ&esy : director@bsip.res.inpublication@bsip.res.inosclkbV : http://www.bsip.res.inISSN No.: 0972-2726% ,- jtuhdkUr% vuqla/kku fu;kstu ,oa leUo; izdks"B vkSj ç'kklu] ch-lk-iq-la-% jru yky esgjk% lS;n jkf'kn vyh ,oa ek/kosUnz flag% jru yky esgjk ,oa v'kksd dqekj% vuqie tSu% laxzgky;la;qDr laikndladyuçwQ jhMjVkbi lsVvuqoknVad.kNk;kfp=izLrqfr% izdk'ku ,dka'k¼ikBkarj gksus dh n'kk esa vaxzsth ikB gh ekU; gksxk½eqnzd % vkehZ fçafVax çsl] 33 usg: ekxZ] lnj dSaV] y[kuÅ 226 002uoacj 2005

ge lrr izksRlkgu rFkk vewY; mRlkgon~/kZu gsrqfoKku vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh foHkkx]Hkkjr ljdkj] ubZ fnYyh]'kklh eaMy,oavuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefrds ekuuh; lnL;ksa ds izfr vkHkkj O;Dr djrs gSaA'kqHkdkeukvksa lfgr]¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kd

vuqDzÿef.kdkçkDdFku ................................................................................................................................... (i)dk;Zdkjh lkjka’k ........................................................................................................................ (ii)laLFkku O;oLFkk’kklh eaMy ................................................................................................................1vuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefr .........................................................................................2foÙk ,oa Hkou fuekZ.k lfefr .......................................................................................3laLFkku izcU/kkRed O;oLFkk........................................................................................... 4vuqla/kkufof'k"V {ks=] ifj;kstuk,¡ ,oa vo;o .............................................................................5vfrfjDr vuqlU/kku ;ksxnku .................................................................................... 28lg;ksxkRed vuqlU/kku dk;Z ..................................................................................... 30izk;ksftr ifj;kstuk;sa ................................................................................................. 35lEeku ...................................................................................................................................... 37lfefr;ksa@ifj"knksa esas izfrfuf/kRo .................................................................................................... 38O;k[;ku .................................................................................................................................... 40ns’k&fons’k esa izfrfu;qfDr@izf’k{k.k@v/;;u@Hkze.k.......................................................................... 42lEesyuksa@ifjlaoknksa@laxksf"B;ksa@dk;Z’kkykvksa esa izfrfu;qfDr .............................................................. 44lEesyuksa@ifjlaoknksa@xksf"B;ksa esa izLrqr fd;s x;s ’kks/k i= ............................................................... 45ijke’kZ@rduhdh lgk;rk ............................................................................................................ 47bdkb;k¡izdk’ku ................................................................................................................... 48iqLrdky; ............................................................................................................... 49laxzgky; ................................................................................................................. 50ikniky; ................................................................................................................. 51bysDVªkWfud vk¡dMk lalk/ku ....................................................................................... 52ifjPNsn dÙkZu bdkbZ ................................................................................................ 52laLFkkiuk fnol ,oa laLFkkid fnol lekjksg .................................................................................. 53jk"Vªh; foKku fnol.................................................................................................................... 54fof’k"V n’kZdx.k ........................................................................................................................ 55vkj{k.k ,oa vuqekspu ................................................................................................................ 55jktHkk"kk dh fLFkfr ..................................................................................................................... 56LVkQ+oSKkfud .................................................................................................................. 58rduhdh dkfeZd ...................................................................................................... 59iz’kklfud dkfeZd..................................................................................................... 59fu;qfDr;k¡a ,oa inksUufr;k¡ ................................... ................................................................61izdkf’kr ’kks/k&i= ....................................................................................................................... 62izdkf'kr lkjka'k .......................................................................................................................... 66izdkf'kr vkys[k@fjiksVsaZ ............................................................................................................... 69izdk'ku gsrq LohD`ÿr 'kks/k&i= ....................................................................................................... 71rqyu&i= ,oa ys[kk fooj.k .......................................................................................................... 73

çkDdFku1946 esa LFkkfir chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku ¼ch-lk-iq-la-½ iqjkouLifrfoKku dks fodflr ,oa izksRlkfgr djus dsfy, lefiZr gSA laxBu iYyou ls gh ewyHkwr ,oa vuqç;qDr iqjkouLifrfoKku ds leLr laxr igyqvksa ds okuLifrd ,oa Hkw&ç.kkyhfoKkuksa eas bldh cgqvk;keh vfHko`n~f/k dks n`f"ViFk j[krs gq, eq[; vuqla/kku dsanz dks lefiZr jgk gSAch-lk-iq-la- dh o"kZ 2004-05 dh okf"kZd foojf.kdk izLrqr djrs gq, vrho g"kZ gks jgk gSA ;g laLFkku ds 'kks/k&dk;Z ,oafofo/k vU; fØ;k&dykiksa dh >yd izLrqr djrh gSA lg;ksxkRed vuqla/kku dk;Z ds lkFk eq[; va'kksa ds lkjka'k dk lewpk n`'; izLrqrfd;k x;k gS tks oSKkfud izdk'kuksa dh lwph ds lkFk lkj;qDr lanHkZ ds iz;kstu esa lgk;d gSA fofo/k ifj;kstukvksa@?kVdksa esa of.kZr y{;ksadks lkekU;r% lekfgr fd;k x;k gS rFkk d`r vuqla/kku dk;ksZa dk C;kSjk vkRelkr fd;k x;k gSA jk"Vªh;rk ,oa varjkZ"Vªh;rk ds n`f"Vdks.kls vU; oSKkfud ,oa 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa ds lkFk lg;ksxh 'kks/k&dk;Z vR;ar lfØ; jgk gSA xksaMokuk dks;yk nzksf.k;ksa ds pqfuank {ks=ksa dkijkxk.kfod ,oa 'kSyfoKku v/;;uksa gsrq laLFkku ,oa Hkkjr ds HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k ¼dks;yk Lda/k½ ds lkFk le>kSrk&Kkiu ij gLrk{kj gq,gaSA rsy ,oa izkd`frd xSl fuxe] MsYVk v/;;u laLFkku] fo'kk[kkiÙkue] okfM;k fgeky;h HkwfoKku laLFkku] nsgjknwu] jk"Vªh; leqnz foKkulaLFkku] xksok rFkk vaVkdZfVd ,oa leqnzh vuqla/kku gsrq jk"Vªh; dsanz xksok ds lkFk DokVjujh iqjktyok;q ,oa ijkxk.kqfoKku dk vkSn~;ksfxdvuqiz;ksx ij c`grnh/kkZof/k lg;ksx gsrq igy dh xbZ gS rFkk le>kSrk fofo/k pj.kksa ds fu;eu ij gSA laLFkku us fofHkUu 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa,oa oSKkfud laxBuksa dks fo'ks"kK jk; Hkh iznku dh gSAlaLFkku 'kks/k&dk;Z dykiksa dks lqpk# djus gsrq 'kklh eaMy ds v/;{k ,oa lnL;ksa rFkk vuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefr dk lrrleFkZu o ekxZn'kZu vR;ar mRlkgon~/kZd jgk gSA eSa mu lHkh dks /kU;okn nsrk gw¡ o vkHkkj O;Dr djrk gw¡A;g foojf.kdk dh vof/k dk vafre ekg gS eSaus bl laLFkku ds funs'kd dk inHkkj xzg.k fd;k gS] tks fd esjs v/;;u dk laLFkkujgk gSA okf"kZd foojf.kdk esa of.kZr laLFkku dh izxfr laLFkku ds LVkQ ds lfEefyr iz;klksa dk Qy gSA bl ifjizs{; esa eSa] MkW- t;JhcSujth tks fd Qjojh 2005 rd funs'kd ¼dk;Zdkjh½ dk dk;ZHkkj laHkkys jgh gSa] ds iz;klksa dh ln~Hkkoiw.kZ ljkguk dk mYys[k djukpkgrk gw¡Aokf"kZd foojf.kdk vuqla/kku ;kstuk ,oa leUo; izdks"B n~okjk ladfyr dh xbZ gS rFkk oSKkfud] rduhdh ,oa iz'kklfud dkfeZdksads lg;ksx ls izdk'ku bdkbZ n~okjk izdkf'kr dh xbZ gSA¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kd

dk;Zdkjh lkjka'kchjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku ¼ch-lk-iq-la½ dh vuqla/kku xfrfof/k;ksa dks 14 ifj;kstukvksa ds varxZr oxhZd`r fd;kx;k gSA ik¡p fof'k"V dk;ZØeksa ds rgr 'kks/k&dk;Z fd;k x;k gS (1) iwoZ dSafcz; ;qxhu tSfod ?kVuk,a (2) xksaMokuk ouLifrtkr foKkuiqjktyok;q rFkk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh% xksaMokuk ds fo[kaMu dh çklafxdrk (3) dks;ys dk tSo 'kSyfoKku rFkk dks;yk laLrj ehFksu esa bldhmikns;rk (4) Qsujkst+ksbd nzksf.k;ksa dk iqjkthofoKku rFkk gkbMªksdkcZu izHkkO;rk ij bldk izHkko (5) DokVjujh ;qxhu ouLifr;k¡]lqfLFkfrd leqnz ryh; ifjorZu] HkwaeMyh; tyok;q ijhorZu rFkk ekuotfur izHkko] blds vykok dqN fo'ks"k xfrfof/k;k¡AlaLFkku dh o"kZ 2004-05 ds nkSjku 'kS{kf.kd xfrfof/k;ksa ds rgr 43 'kks/kz&i=ksa ds vykok 36 'kks/k&i=ksa] 56 oSKkfudh; lkjka'kksarFkk 32 izfrosnu@ys[k dks izdk'ku ds fy, Lohd`r fd, x, gSaA nks oSKkfudksa dks fons'k esa Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; foKku vdkneh dsvUrvZdkneh fofue; dk;ZØe ds rgr izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA ,d oSKkfud us phu ds fuea=.k ij ,oa N vU; oSKkfudksa rFkk ,drduhdh vf/kdkjh dks fofHkUu lEesyuksa esa lfEefyr gksus gsrq izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;k gSA fofHkUu oSKkfud ¼23½ rFkk rduhdh dkfeZdksa¼3½ dks ns'k esa vk;ksftr jk"Vªh; ,oa varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuksa@laxksf"B;ksa@dk;Z'kkykvkas esa lfEefyr gksus gsrq izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;k rFkk 37'kks/k&i= Hkkjr ds fofHkUu dsUnzksa ij çLrqr fd, x,AegRoiw.kZ vuqla/kku ;ksxnku♦♦♦♦♦♦♦iFkuk ukyk ¼e-iz-] esa eSgj ds utnhd½ esa vukofjr fljcw 'kSy lewg ls izkIr xq#thok'e ,oa dkcZue; xq# vo'ks"k dks iwoZesa LFkkfir leLFkkfud v/;;uksa n~okjk [kaM esa Pc-C lhek gksus dk leFkZu ugha djrsAlksu ?kkVh esa vukofjr ehlksizksVhjkst+ksbd tjnx QkWupwuk iRFkj ¼lsejh lewg½ esa lw{ethoksa dk forj.k çLrkfor djrk gS fdlk;uksthok.kq dh lfØ;rk ds fcuk vo{ksi eq[;r% vdkcZfudh fo{ksfir gq,AchjHkwe] jktegy] lksgkxiqj] bZc&unh rFkk o/kkZ&xksnkojh ?kkVh dks;yk{ks=ksa ds fofHkUu dks;yk&/kkjd vuqØeksa ls izkIr ijkxk.kqla#ileqPp;ksa dks tSoLrfjdh dkyfu/kkZj.k ,oa lglaca/kksa gsrq fo'ysf"kr fd;k x;kAnf{k.kh jhok] egkunh] lriqM+k] o/kkZ] izk.kfgrk&xksnkojh] bR;kfn nzkf.k;ksa ds fofHkUu xksaMokuk vuqØeksa ls vUosf"kr ikni thok'eksaus {ks= dh iknih fodkl rFkk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh ds fuoZpu esa lgk;rk dh gSA;g vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS fd tcyiqj 'kSylewg ls izkIr fxadxksa dh çkjafHkd fØVs'kl ifÙk;k¡ vU; nzksf.k;ksa dh fxadxksbV~ljktegysafll dh ?kuh foPNsfnr ifÙk;ksa ls ;s fodklh; mUur gSaAdsyseVyhu lw{e dh laHkkfor mifLFkfr oSdfYid [kk¡ps lekfgr dsanzd {ks= rFkk dkMsZuFkl dh rjg ds vadqjksa esa vfrfjDrxksaMokuh; rRoksa dh mifLFkfr bafxr djrh gSaAjktegy ouLifrtkr esa fØVs'kl ds nkSjku 'kadq/kkjh dk"B ij ykbdsu@dodh uewuksa dh Nki ikbZ xbZ tks fd lgksidkfjrk vFkoke`rthoh; vknrksa ds izek.k gksus dks O;k[;kf;r djrh gSA

♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦♦fljdksiksjksDlhykWu dh ,d uohu tkr dh izkfIr us vkxs vkSj jktegy ,oa dksVk dk"B leqPp;ksa ds lkn`'; iq"ih; vk/kkj dkscy fn;k gSAxksnkojh ?kkVh dks;yk{ks=ksa ds cjdkj ,oa jkuhxat 'kSylewgksa ls ,t+ksusV ,oa xqysV xq#chtk.kqvksa ds fofHkUu izdkjksa dh igpkudh xbZ gSAjktegy ,oa o/kkZ nzksf.k;ksa ls dks;yk rFkk u;osyh {ks= ls yxqMkaxkj dh fdQk;rh lqyHkrk o lh ch ,e foHko ds laca/k esa mudseSlsjy yk{kf.kdrk gsrq ewY;kafdr dh xbZ gSaAdPN] ef.kiqj] fgekpy izns'k] mRrjkapy] nkftZfyax] nf{k.k Hkkjr] bR;kfn ds fofHkUu Vf'kZ;jh laLRkjksa ls vUofÔr ikni vo'ks"kksa¼dk"B] ifÙk;k¡ rFkk Qy½ us {ks= ds ikni v/;;u] iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh rFkk ikni o.kZu dks O;k[;kf;r djus esa lgk;rk dh gSAjktLFkku] dPN] iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr] ds&th nzks.kh] bR;kfn ds fofHkUu Vf'kZ;jh vuqØeksa ls izkIr ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkr ds Lrfjdh;vuq{ks= oxhZdj.k ,oa lglaca/k gsrq vUosf"kr fd, x,vfj;kyqj ¼rfeyukMq½ ds isfy;kslhu fufu;wj 'kSylewg ls izkIr fofpf=r dsydsfj;l dodh ouLifrtkr dk iqjki;kZoj.kh; egRods laca/k esa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSAekWlhujke iBkj ¼es?kky;½ ds tkfgFkk ioZr [kaM esa _.kkRed dkcZu vkblksVksi [kkst esa ,isDVksfMfu;e eyxqfVdk rq¡x lekfgrgS] rFkk fo'o isfy;kslhu b;kslhu rkih; vf/kdre ¼ih bZ Vh ,e½ ?kVuk dks igpkuus esa ç;ksx djrs FksAvk/kqfudre /kkj.kkvksa ds vuqlkj] [kaM esa isfy;kslhu@b;kslhu lhek fu/kkZfjr gSA Likjusfl;u ¼vk/kqfudre isfy;kslhu½ volknksadh mifLFkfr bl {ks= esa igyh ckj igpkuh xbZ gSA [kklh ioZrksa esa vfpjLFkkbZ dks;yk laLrjksa dh mifLFkfr ih-bZ- Vh-,e- lslgpkfjr HkweaMyh; pje rkih ?kVuk ds laca/k esa ekuh xbZ gSAuhydaB o rky ?kkVh bykdksa ¼mRrjkapy½ ds lqckFkq 'kSylewg ds Lry Hkkx esa yksg vaMdh; iV~fV;ksa ls lgpkjh ysVsfjd laLrjn~okjk of.kZr fofHkUu iqjkoy; laLRkjksa dh igpku dh xbZ gSA'kgMksy ftyk ¼e/; çns'k½] fpYdk >hy ¼mM+hlk½] eaMh ftyk ¼fgekpy çns'k½] dqek;w¡ fgeky; rFkk fMYyh dksfy,jh ¼vle½ lsvolkn ØksMksa@uewus DokVjujh ouLifrtkr ,oa tyok;fod pj.kksa ds fy, ijkx fo'ysf"kr fd,AvaVkdZfVd egkn~ohih; fge pknj esa fiatfjr iqu % jfpr ijkxk.kq:i dh mifLFkfr ekStwn volknh 'kSyksa dh fudVrk fln~/k djrhgSAmRrj çns'k ds pqfuank iqjkrRo mR[kuu txgksa ds d`f"k laca/kh cpr ,oa vU; ouLifrd vo'ks"kksa dh fopkj.kh; tkudkfj;k¡ tkuusds fy, izkphu ikni vkfFkZd vH;kl laca/kh iqjkrRoouLifrd v/;;u fd, x,AmRrjdk'kh ¼mÙkjkapy½ ls izkIr nsonkj ¼lhM~l nsonkjk½ ds uewus o`{k&oy; fo'ys"k.k vkadMk ls irk pyrk gS fd lcls iqjkusuewus dh vk;q 1287 , Mh ls igys o`{k oy; dkykuqØe ek/; esa tyok;q ladsrksa dks mPpre fcanq rd ys tkus esa lgk;dgSA

♦♦♦yn~nk[k {ks= esa rhu fo'kky iqjk>hyksa dks iquZlajfpr fd;kA e`nq volknksa fu{ksfir lajpukvksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;k rFkk vafreDokVujh dkyksa ds nkSjku iqjk Hkwdai tks fd bykds dks uqdlku igq¡pk ldrk gS dk dky fu/kkZj.k LFkkfir fd;kAQyfHkfÙk rFkk vU; fooj.kksa ds fodklkRed fLFkfr;ksa dks le>us dkaczsVklh ifjokj ds VfeZufy;k tkr ds dqn Qyksa@chtksa dkijklajpuk v/;;u fd;k x;k gSAfuf'pr ijkxk.kfodh fo'ysf"kr uewuksa dk jsfM;ksdkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k fd;k x;k FkkA blds vykok ,d NksVh dkap iz.kkyh cukbZtks de ek=k esa volkn uewus ds dkcZu va'kksa dh ifj'kqn~/krk fu/kkZfjr dj ldrh gSAle>kSrk KkiulaLFkku ,oa Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k ¼dks;yk Lda/k½ ds gLrk{kfjr le>kSrk Kkiu ds rgr] varj@var% nzksf.kd lglaca/k dsmn~ns'; ds lkFk ns'k ds fofHkUu dks;yk{ks=ksa ls uewus Lrfjdh; mPp ladYi ,oa ijkxk.kfod ,oa dks;yk 'kSyfoKku v/;;u xksaMokukdks;yk nzks.kh ds fpg~fur bykdksa dk fd;k x;kA fgekpy çns'k ds f'kokfyd ,oa lqckFkq volknksa rFkk ds&th nzks.kh ds DokVjujhijkxk.kfod v/;;uksa gsrq laLFkku dk rsy ,oa izkd`frd xSl fuxe ds lkFk ijkxk.kqLrfjdh ,oa lzksr 'kSy foHko v/;;uksa ij dk;Z djusgsrq igys gh le>kSrk gSArsy ,oa izkd`frd xSl fuxe ¼lzksr 'kSy ijkxk.kqfoKku ij½] MsYVk LVMht baLVhV~;wV] fo'kk[kkiRrue ¼gkbMªksdkcZu vfHk;ku ds laca/kesa MsYVk@nzks.kh ekWMy ij½] okfM;k fgeky;h HkwfoKku laLFkku] nsgjknwu ¼fgeky;h Lrfjdh½] jk"Vªh; leqnz&foKku laLFkku ¼leqnzh rVh; {ks=ksadk DokVjujh ijktyok;fod ij½ rFkk vaVkdZfVd ,oa leqnzh vuq la/kku dk jk"Vªh; dsanz] xksok ¼vaVkdZfVd iqjktyok;fod v/;;u ij½ ds lkFk nh?kZ vof/k le>kSrksa gsrq igy dh xbZ gS rFkk le>kSrk@ppkZ,a fofo/k fu;eu Lrj ij gSaA laLFkku ls tSoLrfjdh;v/;;uksa gsrq dqN xSj ljdkjh lsDVj rsy iz/kkuksa us laidZ fd;k gSALej.kksRlo ,oa Lekjd O;k[;kulaLFkku ds 58osa laLFkkiuk fnol ds lqvolj ij cukjl fganw fo'ofon~;ky; ¼okjk.klh½ ds çks- ih- jkepUnz jko us laLFkku esa10 flarcj] 2004 dks ^o`{k % vfHk;arkvksa dk çgÔZ* foÔ; ij 8oha t;arh Lej.kksRlo O;k[;ku fn;kA laLFkkid fnol ¼14 uoacj½ ijHkkSfrdh vuqla/kku iz;ksx'kkyk] vgenkckn ds izks- ,-ds- fla?koh us ^HkkSfedh ds ekuoh; vk;ke* foÔ; ij 34ok¡ chjcy lkguh LekjdO;k[;ku fn;kA fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;] ubZ fnYyh ds çks- ,l-ds VaMu us ^Fkkj ,oa bldh lhek esa vafre DokVujh tyok;q ifjorZudk Lrfjdh vfHkys[k* foÔ; ij 50ok¡ lj vYcVZ pkYlZ floMZ Lekjd O;k[;ku fn;kAjk"Vªh; ?kVuk,agj lky dh rjg bl lky Hkh laLFkku esa Lora=rk fnol ,oa x.kra= fnol euk;k x;kA jk"Vªh; foKku fnol ^HkkSfrd foKkudk mRlo* izfrikn~; ij foKku vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh foHkkx ds funsZ'kuksa ds rgr vuqikfyr fd;k x;kA dqN O;k[;ku vkSj okn&fooknizfr;ksfxrk] ,d dkysu izfr;ksfxrk] Ldwy Nk=ksa gsrq ^lqukeh ygj* ij vkeus&lkeus dk;ZØe vkSj ^Hkkjr ds fy, varfj{k foKku foykflrkgS ij Hkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrk egkfon~;ky;ksa ds fon~;kfFkZ;ksa gsrq laLFkku esa vk;ksftr dh xbZaA jk"Vªh; izkSn~;kSfxdh fnol ij laLFkku n'kZdksa gsrq[kqyk jgkA bl fnu ^HkwoSKkfud vkadMk vk/kkjh izca/ku* ij Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k ds iwoZ mi egkfuns'kd Jh th-,l- JhokLron~okjk O;k[;ku fn;k x;kA

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005laLFkku&O;oLFkk’kklh eaMyv/;{kçkss+ÿlj ts-,l- flagouLifrfoKku foHkkxcukjl fgUnw fo'ofon~;ky;okjk.klh 221 005lnL;çksi+sÿlj oh-,l- jkeewfrZ]lfpo vFkok mudk ukferfoKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx]rduhdh Hkou] u;k egjkSyh ekxZ]u;h fnYyh 110 016Jh v#.k ’kekZ] ¼24.02.2005½Jh ds-ih- ik.Ms;u ¼25.02.2005½la;qDr lfpo ,oa foÙkh; lykgdkj vFkok mudk ukferfoKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx]rduhdh Hkou] u;k egjkSyh ekxZ]u;h fnYyh 110 016MkW- ,p-ds- xqIr]lfpo] egklkxj fodkl foHkkxegklkxj Hkou] CykWd 12]lh-th-vks- dkWEIysDl] yksnh jksM]ubZ fnYyh 110 003çksQs+lj th-ds- JhokLroouLifrfoKku foHkkxbykgkckn fo'ofon~;ky;]bykgkcknçkss+ÿlj ,l-ch- HkkfV;kHkwfoKku ds HkwriwoZ izkss+ÿljpaMhx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyvuqlU/kku lykgdkj lfefrv/;{kizkss+ÿlj th-ds- JhokLro]ouLifrfoKku foHkkxbykgkckn fo'ofon~;ky;bykgkckn 211 002lnL;&la;kstd ¼insu½funs’kd]chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226 007lnL;MkW- ds-vkj- xqIr]lykgdkj ¼bZ-,l-,l-½] fo-izkS-fo-] rduhdh Hkou]u;k egjkSyh ekxZ]u;h fnYyh 110 016izksQslj ch-Mh- 'kekZ]dkB eaMh] ujukSy 123 001izksQslj ,-ds- fla?kohxzgh; ,oa HkkSfedh izHkkxHkkSfrdh vuqla/kku iz;ksx'kkyk] uojaxiqjkvgenkckn 380 009MkW- ,u-Mh- fe=k]49 Mh] Vkmu 'ksaM ekxZ] Hkokuhiqj]dksydkrk 700 025izksQslj ih-Dsÿ- [kjs]ouLifr foKku foHkkx] bykgkckn fo'ofon~;ky;]bykgkckn 211 002MkW- vkj-vkj- jkofuns'kd xzsM foKkuhlhesi vuqla/kku LVs'ku] vykyklUnzk] thdsohds Mkd?kjcaxykSj 560 065MkW- Mh- jsdk;Zikyd funs'kd]rsy ,oa izkd`frd xSl fuxe] ds-Mh-,e- rsy vUosÔ.k laLFkku]9] dkSykx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005foÙk ,oa Hkou fuekZ.k lfefrv/;{k ¼insu½izksQs+lj tequk 'kj.k flagv/;{k] 'kklh eaMy]chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226007lnL;Jh v#.k 'kekZ] ¼24.02.2005½Jh ds-ih- ik.Ms;u ¼25.02.2005½la;qDr lfpo ,oa foÙkh; lykgdkjvFkok mudk ukfer] foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx]u;h fnYyh 110016izksQslj ,e-ih- flag]lnL;] 'kklh eaMy] chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226007Jh oh-ih- xxZ]71] eky ,osU;w] vkokl fodkl dkWyksuh]y[kuÅ 226 001lnL; ¼insu½funs'kd]chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226 007vlnL; lfpo ¼insu½jftLVªkj]chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ 226 0073

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanylaLFkku izca/kkRed O;oLFkk'kklh eaMyv/;{kvuqla/kkulykgdkj lfefrfoÙk ,oa Hkoulfefrfuns'kdjftLVªkjfof'k"V {ks=vuqla/kku lewgvuqla/kku gsrqlgk;d bdkb;k¡iz'kkluiwoZdSfEcz; ;qxhu tSfod ?kVuk,¡xks.Mokuk ouLifrtkrfoKku] iqjktyok;qrFkk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh % xks.Mokuk dsfo[kaMu dh izklafxdrkdks;ys dk tSo'kSyfoKku rFkk dks;yklaLrj ehFksu esa bldh mikns;rkQS+ujkstksbd æksf.k;ksa dk iqjkthofoKkurFkk gkbMªksdkcZu izHkkO;rk ij bldkizHkkoDokVjujh ;qxhu ouLifr;k¡] lqfLFkfrdleqæ ryh; ifjorZu] Hkwe.Myh;tyok;fod ifjorZu rFkk ekuotfurizHkkofo'ks"k xfrfof/k;k¡izdk'kuvuqla/kku fu;kstu ,oaleUo; izdks"BiqLrdky;laxzgky;ikniky;HkwdkykuqØeel`.ku iz;ksx'kkykifjPNsnu dÙkZu dk;Z'kkykØeoh{k.k bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZbysDVªkWfud vkadM+s izØe.k bdkbZfoÙk ,oa ys[kkLFkkiukoSKkfud xfrfof/k;k¡HkaMkj ,oa Ø;Hkou fuekZ.k dk;Z ,oa vuqj{k.kokgu ,oa vfrfFk x`gNk;k&fp=.k4

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vuqla/kkufof'k"V {ks= % iwoZdSfEcz; ;qxhu tSfod ?kVuk,¡ifj;kstuk 1 % foa/; ,oa NÙkhlx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyfof'k"V {ks= % xksaMokuk ouLifrtkr foKku] iqjktyok;q rFkk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh %xksaMokukHkwfe ds foyxu esa izklafxdrkifj;kstuk 2 % nkeksnj rFkk lksu&egkunh æksf.k;ksa esa ouLifrtkrh; fodkl rFkk tSoLrfjdh;izklafxdrkvo;o 1 % nkeksnj&ikukx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vo;o 4 % e/; Hkkjr ds izkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksiksa esa iqjkouLifrtkr rFkk ifjf{kIr dkcZfud inkFkksZa dkvfHky{k.kuNksVh ikyh xk¡o ds fudV e`fÙkdk [knku drZu [kaM ij vukofjrçkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksiksa rFkk mefj;k ftys] e/; çns'k ds vkl&ikllekfo"V fxadxksfy;u ifÙk;k¡ o chtkaM fxdaxks rFkk fxadxksbVht lslacaf/kr gS tks fd vk/kqfud fxadxks fcyksck oa'k ls feyrh&tqyrh gSaAfon~;eku fxadxks fcyksck dbZ ewy thok'e vfHkys[kksa dks çnf'kZr djrh gSAtcyiqj 'kSylewg ds çkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksi n~foikfyd laihfM+r ifÙk;ksa dkslkdkj djrs gSa tcfd iqjkus fu{ksiksa ls vU; vfHkfyf[kr :i fodklh;lh/k esa vUrdkZyhu y{k.kksa dks çnf'kZr djrs gSaA bu thok'e :iksa us çkphu,oa vk/kqfud dkf;d y{k.kksa dks cuk, j[kk tks fd yEch HkwoSKkfud le;vof/k ds nkSjku lkFk&lkFk jgsA fodklh; in~/kfr Hkh fxadxksfy;u chtksaesa fn[kkbZ nsrh gS tSlk fd ifjiDo chtkaM vkdkj esa cqdrs gSaA blfy, ;gfu"d"kZ fudkyk tkrk gS fd tcyiqj 'kSylewg ls çkIr fxadxksa dh çkjafHkdfØVs'kl ifÙk;k¡ vU; nzksf.k;ksa dh fxadxksbVht jktegysafll dh xgjhfoPNsfnr ifÙk;ksa ls fodklh; mUufr djrh gSaApafn;k ls mefj;k unh ds ekxZ ij ukyk dÙkZu [kaM ij vukofjr vU;çkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksiksa ¼dkcZu;qDr 'ksy½ dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA ;g 'ksyVhyksfQYye ouLifrtkr] chtk.kq&ijkxd.k ,oa tSo inkFkksZa ls lacaf/krlqifjjf{kr ikni thok'eksa dk lekfo"V djrh gS tcfd mifj ckyqdk'eijr esa laf/k&foPNsfnr iÙks dh f'kjk,a ¼\ VsVªkikMs~l½ lfEefyr gSaA nksuksaouLifrtkr ,oa çkf.ktkr ds thok'e vo'ks"kksa dks laLrj ls çkIr fd, x,ftllss muds iqjkikfjfLFkfrd] tSoLrfjdh; ,oa iqjkHkkSxksfyd egÙo dslkFk LFkyh; thok'e ouLifrtkr ds va'k'kks/ku gsrq egÙoiw.kZ vk¡dM+s rS;kjdj ldsAcsy[ksj ¼vejkorh ftyk] egkjk"Vª½ esa fLFkr [knku dÙkZu [kaM esavukofjr dkys&Hkwjs 'ksy ls lqfofo/kd`r ,oa lqifjjf{kr ikni thok'eksa dks,df=r fd;k x;k gSA os esVksfufM;e bafMde] DysMksysfcl bafMdk]VhyksfQYye dPNsafll] ih- ,D;qfaVQksfy;e] VhfuvksIVsfjl LisVqysVk]czsphfQYye lsgksjk,afll] bysVksDysMl Iysuk ,oa ,jksdsjkbVht dPNsaflltcyiqj 'kSylewg] li.kZ i.kZo`ar] fxadxks fcyksck thok'en~okjk fu:fir fd, tkrs gSaA ;g ouLifrtkr VsfjMksQkbVht ,oa dksfuQjksadh çeq[krk çnf'kZr djrk gSA rqyukRed fo'ys"k.k çLrkfor djrk gS fd;g ouLifrtkr if'peh Hkkjr ds /kazx/kkjk] xkMs'oj rFkk fgEeruxjouLifr laca/kh leqPp;ksa ds ledkyhu gSA ijkxk.kq:i v/;;u gsrq >kykVsdu ,oa epjkj unh [kaMksa ls ,df=r yxHkx 50 uewuksa dk el`.ku fd;kx;kA moZj uewuksa dh LykbMsa cukbZ xbZa rFkk mudk Øeoh{k.k fd;k x;kAek/ko dqekj ,oa uh: çdk'kvo;o 5 % e/; Hkkjr ds izkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksiksa esa iqjkouLifrtkr rFkk ifjf{kIr dkcZfud inkFkksZa dkvfHky{k.kudksjck dks;yk{ks= ¼NÙkhlx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyifj;kstuk 3 % lriqM+k o/kkZ&xksnkojh rFkk xqtjkr] jktLFkku æksf.k;ksa ds okuLifrd foU;kl ijd]iqjkHkkSxksfydh; rFkk iqjki;kZoj.kh; fo'ys"k.kvo;o 1 % o/kkZ&xksnkojh æks.kh ds xksaMokuk volknksa dk iqjkouLifrfoKku] fodkl] tSoLrfjdh rFkkiqjkikfjfLFkfrdho/kkZ nzks.kh esa dkeIVh dks;yk{ks= ds cktkjxk¡o lrukojh rFkk lsenk{ks=ksa ds dkeFkh 'kSylewg ls çkIr xq#thok'eksa dk v/;;u oxhZd`r:i ls o.kZu fd;k x;k vkSj mls vafre :i fn;k x;kA bl leqPp;esa bDohflVsyht vFkkZr~ fVªftfx;k Lisflvkslk] lkbtksU;w,jk xksaMokuasfll]bDohflVsfy;u v{kksa] fQfydsyht&fuvksesfj;ksIVsfjl ¼,u- gqxsfl;kbZ ,oa,u- iksyheksQkZ½ oa'k dh 2 çtkfr;k¡] XykWlksIVsfjMsyht&XykWlksIVsfjl oa'k dh21 iztkfr;k¡] nks 'kYd ifÙk;k¡] ,d cht oxZd&egs'kojh,Yyk iztkfr] rFkkdksMsZVsyht&uks,xzsfFkvksfIll iztkfr lfEefyr gSA ;g leqPp; nkeksnj nzks.khds jkuhxat 'kSylewg ls feyrk&tqyrk gS rFkk ;g leqPp; mifj ijfe;uvk;q dk ladsr djrk gSA ijkxk.kq la:iksa dh izkfIr gsrq etjh] fganqLrkuykyisB] nqxkZiqj] ineiqj rFkk cYykjiqj dks;yk [kkuksa ¼o/kkZ ?kkVh½ dscjkdkj 'kSylewg ls çkIr uewuksa dk el`.ku fd;k x;kA bu uewuksa usijkxk.kq thok'eksa ds izpqj leqPp; fn, gSaA ek=kRed ,oa xq.kkRed v/;;utkjh gSA ¼uhjtk >k ds lkFk½A ukxiqj ftys esa mejsj dks;yk{ks= dhijfe;u xksaMokuk vuqØe ls çkIr ijkxk.kq la:iksa dk Hkh v/;;u fd;kx;kA lw{echtk.kq leqPp; ¼22 oa'k o 40 çtkfr;k¡½ vfj; ,d ldks"kh¼eq[;r% iSjklsDdkbVht½ dh çeq[krk rFkk vjsf[kr n~foldks"kh ¼eq[;r%';wfjaxhiksysukbVht½ dh miizeq[krk ls y{kf.kr gSA ØqlhlsDdkbVht ,oadkgsfu;klsDdkbVht dh mifLFkfr Hkh vafdr dh xbZ gSA djgjckM+hijkxk.kq eaMy dks 'kSy y{k.kksa ls lth cjkdkj 'kSylewg esa lhekafdr fd;kx;k gSA bl igyw ij ,d 'kks/k&i= dks vafre :i fn;k x;k gS ¼uhjtk>k ,oa ,- jtuhdkUr ds lkFk½Ajtuh frokjhvo;o 2 % xksnkojh nzks.kh ds e/; rFkk nf{k.kh Hkkxksa ds o xksaMokuk volknksa dk ijkxk.kq foKkuos/k fNnz ,l-,l-ih-&133 esa 140.50 eh- ij vafdr izkjfEHkdVªk;fld ijkxk.kqleqPp; Lrfjd egRoiw.kZ oxZdksa dksjMkLiksjkbVht]DykslhiksysukbVht] yqusVhLiksjkbVht] IysQksfMZ;kLiksjk dh mifLFkfr ds lkFkVhfu,V&flaxqysVsM xqgkor~ lw{e chtk.kqvksa vFkkZr~ yqusVhLiksjkbVht]yq.MCysMhLiksjk ,oa MsalksbLiksjkbVht dh mPp izfr'krrk çnf'kZr djrk gSAjsf[kr n~foldks"kh bl Lrj ij >qd tkrs gSA xq#chtk.kqvksa dh mifLFkfr Hkhns[kh xbZ gSAxksnkojh ?kkVh dks;yk{ks=ksa ds dphukiYyh ,oa xqaMkyk {ks=ksa ds cjkdkjo jkuhxat 'kSylewgksa ls çkIr fofHkUu ,tksusV o xqysV x#chtk.kqvksa dksigpkuk x;kA foLr`r v/;;u tkjh gS ¼jtuh frokjh ds lkFk½A vafreijfe;u ¼jkuhxat½ ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr dks os/k fNnz ,e-,l-ih-&21¼142.5&143.0 eh- ij½ esa bDohflVsfy;u v{kksa ls laca/k volknksa esavfHkfyf[kr fd;k x;k gSAuhjtk >kvo;o 4 % lriqM+k&xksaMokuk ouLifrtkr dk vkdkjofxZdh; rFkk oSdkfld egÙo rFkk Lrfjdh] iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh,oa iqjki;kZoj.k esa bldk izHkkofofHkUu çtkfr;ksa dksMkZbdkiZl] lekjksfIll] vkysVksdkiZl] dksuwZdkiZlls lacaf/kr chtksa dk vkdkjofxZdh; fo'ys"k.k] o.kZu] vfHkfu/kkZj.k rFkkrqyuk iw.kZ dj yh xbZ gS vkSj nks u, izdkj ds cht yacs o`ar rFkk vkdkjesa cM+s ¼O;kl esa >2 lseh-½ iznf'kZr gksrs gSaA vkfcZfj,Yyk&Vkbi Liksjsaft;edh ltkrh;rk ,oa lglaca/ku dh Hkh ppkZ dh xbZ gSA ,dkarj.k [kk¡ps ;qDrdSykekbVht v{k dh laHkkfor mifLFkfr dsUnz {ks= ij gS vkSj dksMkZbFkl&Vkbicht lriqM+k xksaMokuk nzks.kh eas ijkxksaMokuk rRoksa dh mifLFkfr dk ladsrgaSA ;g [kkst vkxs XykWlksIVsfjM :iksa ds lkFk ckWVªhfpvksfIll] cqfjvkfM;k]:fcM~ft;k n~okjk fu:ifr xksaMokuk ds iz:ih ouLifrtkr essa fefJrouLifrtkr dh mifLFkfr dk leFkZu djrh gSA mÙkjksÙkj f{kfrt ijfofHkUu çdkj ds ouLifrtkr Hkkjrh; ifjn`'; esa iqjkikni fofo/krkizo`fr;ksa dks ijh{k.k gsrq tk¡ps x, gSaA ;g ns[kk x;k gS fd orZekutSofofo/krk ds laj{k.k esa iqjkouLifrd tk¡pksa dk izR;{k o vizR;{k laca/kgSA blds vkxs v/;;u tkjh gSA ikni thok'eksa ds u, laxzg gsrqisap&dugu ?kkVh rFkk ikBk[ksM+k dks;yk{ks= ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa dk Hkh {ks=h;Hkze.k fd;k x;kAvf'ouh dqekj JhokLro8

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyfof'k"V {ks= % dks;yksa dk tSo'ksyfoKku rFkk dks;yk laLrj ehFksu esa bldh mi;ksfxrkifj;kstuk 5 % Hkkjrh; dks;ys rFkk yxqMkaxkj fu{ksiksas dk mn~xe fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k rFkk vkfFkZdegÙovo;o 1 % Hkkjrh; yxqMkaxkjksa dk tSo'kSfydh; rFkk Hkwjklk;fud vfHky{k.kuxqtjkr rFkk jktLFkku ds fofHkUu {ks=ksa ls 'kSyfoKku laca/kh rFkkHkwjklk;fud vfHky{k.ku gsrq yxqMkaxkj ,oa lgpkjh volknksa ls ,df=r20 p;fur uewuksa dk çØe.k fd;k x;kA izfrnhfIr iz.kkyh ds varxZr'kSyfoKku laca/kh v/;;u muds lkFk ,YthukbV dk fof'k"V lkgp;Ziznf'kZr djrk gS tks fd rsy mRiUu leFkZrk esa mudh izo`fr bafxr djrkgSA blds vfrfjDr eSlsjyksa ¼áweksdksYyhukbV] áweksMsVªhukbV½ ds áwehukbVlewg esa mudh izpqjrk gSA ;s yxqMkaxkj u;osyh yxqMkaxkj ¼0.208&0.246½dh rqyuk esa mPp ijkorZdrk ¼0.218&0.468½ iznf'kZr djrs gSaAykscsQsukbVhd lw{evo;oksa ls ;qDr ewfydk dh iz:ih dÙkZu [kaM dksu;osyh yxqMkaxkj ls Hkh vafdr dh xbZ gS tks fd muds okuLifrd lzksrizLrkfor djrs gaSA blds vfrfjDr dqN i.kZ dÙkZu [k.M Øslh D;wVhukbViznf'kZr dj jgs gSaA jsftuksa ds ,Q-Vh-vkbZ-vkj- vfHky{k.ku dk izkFkfedv/;;u dkcksZfuy ihd~l iznf'kZr djrk gs tks fd mudh fuEu Js.kh izd`frizLrkfor djrk gSA yxqMkaxkjksa ¼pSuy izfrp;u rduhd ls½ ds u, laxzgdks u;osyh {ks= dh [knku IA, [knku I ,oa [knku II ds ubZ [kqyh [kku[k.Mksa ls vkSj chrs le; esa eSlsjy fofHkUurk dh in~/kfr dks le>us gsrqeUukjx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005Nk;kfp=.k lfgr [kfut inkFkZ lgpkjh gsrq iw.kZ fd;k x;kA uewuksa ijijkorZdrk dh dksfV Hkh ekih xbZA blds vfrfjDr dqN dks;yk CykWdksa ijekbØksDyhV dk eki o v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k x;kA fjiksVZ dks vafre :i fn;kx;k rFkk laizsf"kr dj fn;k x;kAclUr dqekj feJ] ch-Mh- flag ,oa vYiuk flagvo;o 5 % Hkkjrh; dks;yksa ,oa yxqMkaxkjksa dh 'kSfydh; ,Vyllgh igpku rFkk mfpr vfHky{k.ku gsrq cM+h la[;k esa dks;ykxqfVdkvksa ij eSlsjy ,DllwMsVhukbV [kksth xbZa rFkk vafdr dh xbZaAHkkjrh; dks;yksa ,oa yxqMkaxkjksa ds eSlsjyksa ds lSdM+ksa lw{en'khZ; Nk;kfp=ksadks daI;wVj ls Ldsu fd;k x;k rFkk blds vfrfjDr ,Vyl ds :i esa mUgsaladfyr djus ds fy, [kfut inkFkZ dks lfEefyr fd;k x;kA dks;ykxqfVdkvksa dk lw{en'khZ; Nk;kfp=.k] lw{en'khZ; Nk;kfp=ksa dh Ldsfuax ,oamudh dkV&Nk¡V rFkk daI;wVj n~okjk mUgsa lqLi"V djuk Hkh fd;k x;kAclUr dqekj feJ ,oa ch-Mh- flagfof'k"V {ks= % QS+ujkst+ksbd æksf.k;ksa dk iqjkthofoKku rFkk gkbMªksdkcZu laHkkO;rkij blds izHkkoifj;kstuk 6 % vafre fØVs'kl&lhukst+ksbd æksf.k;ksa dk iqjkouLifrtkrfoKku] oSdkfld :>ku ,oaiqjki;kZoj.kvo;o 1 % mÙkj&if'peh izk;n~ohih; Hkkjr dk Vf'kZ;jh ouLifrtkr foKkuxqtjkr ds Hkkouxj o dPN ftys ds Vf'kZ;jh volknksa ls çkIr 50 dk"Buewuksa ¼iryh dkVsa½ dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA ihje }hi ¼Hkkouxj½ dsIyk;ks&IyhLVkslhu volknksa ls dqN dk"B uewuksa dh igpku dh xbZAigpkuh xbZ dk"Bsa vk/kqfud oa'kksa lkW;uksfeVªk] Mk;likbjksl] Qkbdl]feYysf'k;kiksaxsfe;k] dsfLl;k ,oa ,d rkM+ dk"B dks fu:fir djrs gSaAlwjr dh okLru yxqMkaxkj [kku ds bZvkslhu fu{ksikas ls 4- izdkj dhf}chti=h dk"Bsa igpkuh xbZ gSaA blds vfrfjDr okLru uewuksa dhijkxk.kfod tk¡p 'kq: dh xbZ gS ¼ts-ih- eaMy ds lkFk½AtloUr flag xqysfj;kvo;o 2 % jktLFkku æks.kh ds isfy;kslhu&bvkslhu volknksa dk ijkxk.kqfoKku] lay{k.kh; fo'ys"k.k] iqjktyok;qfodrFkk iqjki;kZoj.kh; v/;;uckM+esj ftys esa fxjky yxqMkaxkj [kku rFkk diwMhZ o tyhik ds fudVfMªy fd, x, os/k&fNnzksa ls vafdr fd, x, ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkrksa dkfoLr`r v/;;u vuqØeksa dks lg&lacaf/kr djus ds mn~ns'; ls iw.kZ fd;kx;kA yxqMkaxkj [kku rFkk os/k&fNnz ,e-ts-&4 ls çkIr ijkxk.kfodleqPp;ksa esa bruh lekurk gS fd ;s nksuksa izeq[k vo;oksa ds :i es rVh;rRoksa dks iznf'kZr djrs gSaA bl leqPp; ls fLiuhtksuksdkWYikbVht dhfofHkUu iztkfr;ksa ds fu/kkZfjr ,d [kk¡ph ijkxd.kksa dh izpqj izkfIr vafdrgksrh gSA ;s :i /kzqo v{k ds lekarj foLr`r lYdl j[krs gSa rFkk 'kwfydke;ckápksy iznf'kZr djrs gSaA ;s ijkxd.k lHkh laHkkoukvksa esa vk/kqfudvyo.k ty rkM+ ukbZik ls lacaf/kr gSaA leqPp; esa mifLFkr vU; egRoiw.kZ,d [kk¡ph ijkxd.k oxZd diwMhZiksysukbVht rFkk ds- csdqysVl gSaA ;sijkxd.k Hkh foLr`r lYdl j[krs gSa ijUrq ckg~;pkssy xq.kksa esa Li"V :ils fHkUu gSaA bu ijkxd.kksa dh ukbZik ds ijkxd.kksa ls lekurk dks [kkfjtugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA vU; #fpdj :i jsfVos:ZeksukslqYykbZVht ckM+esjsfUllgSA bl ijkxd.k esa lYdl NksVs gSa rFkk ;g fofHkUu vkdkjksa ds xn~nksa lsfo'ks"k :i ls f?kjk gqvk gSA ;g /;ku nsus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gS fd ;s :idsoy ckM+esj nzks.kh rd ifjlhfer gksrs gSaAlw;ZdkUref.k f=ikBhvo;o 3 % izk;n~ohih; Hkkjr ds jRukfxfj] u;osyh] dsjy] ckgqj æks.kh ¼ikWf.Mpsjh½ rFkk blds vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksadk Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu ouLifrtkrfoKkujRukfxfj laLrjksa] u;osyh yxqMkaxkj rFkk dsjy ls izkIr 50 dkcZuhd`rdk"Bksa dk ifjPNsnu fd;k x;k vkSj mudh tk¡p iwjh dh xbZA jRukfxfj]i;kax

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyi;kax

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vo;o 7 % mÙkj&if'peh fgeky; ds Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu ikni xq#iknik'eksa dk v/;;ufgekpy izns'k esa /keZ'kkyk ds fuEu ek;kslhu volknksa ls izkIr dqN iÙkhvo'ks"kksa dh tk¡p dhA dlkSyh 'kSylewg ls lsesdkiZl] pqdjsfl;k] bR;kfndh v'ehHkwr ifÙk;ksa dh izkfIr ij ,d 'kks/k&i= dks vafre :i fn;k rFkkla'kksf/kr fd;k x;kAtloUr flag xqysfj;k ,oa jf'e JhokLrovo;o 8 % f'kokfyd vxzHkwfe æks.kh % ouLifrtkrfoKku] oSdkfld foU;kl rFkk tyok;qnkftZfyax ftys ¼if'pe caxky½ ds f'kokfyd ls izkIr ikni thok'eksa dkvkdkjofxZdh; v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k x;k tks fd dqN vkSj oxZdksa dhmifLFkfr izdV djrs gSa rFkk ,uksuslh] ysdksfVZ,lh] fMIVsjksdkisZlh]LVdqZfy,lh] ekYoslh] clsZjslh] lsfiaMslh] ,ukdkfMZ,lh] QScslh] dkacszVslh]fyFkjslh] :fc,lh] bcsuslh] vksfy,lh ,oa ,ikslk;uslh dqyksa ds fo|ekuoxZdksa ls utnhdh lekurk iznf'kZr djrs gSaA vk/kqfud lerqY; oxZdksa dsLoHkko] vkokl rFkk orZeku forj.k ladsr djrs gSa fd ÅnykckM+h ds pkjksavksj rFkk blds vkl&ikl v/;;u fd, x, {ks=ksa esa e/; ek;kslhu dsnkSjku e/; ls cM+h ifÙk;ksa ds lkFk lnkcgkj ls vknzZ i.kZikrh rRo Qy Qwyjgs FksA dqN vknzZ i.kZikrh rRo vHkh Hkh ogk¡ mxrs ik, tkrs gSaAif'peh usiky es vtqZu [kksyk ds f'kokfyd ls fMIVsjksdkiZl xkVZu- oa'kls lekurk iznf'kZr djrs ikni vo'ks"kksa ¼dk"B] ifÙk;k¡ ,oa Qy½ ij ,dikaMqfyfi rS;kj dh xbZ gSA blls ;g izdV gksrk gS fd fMIVsjksdkiZl oa'kdh rqyukRed iztkfr Hkkjr rFkk usiky ds fgeky;h fxfjiknksa esa vc mRiUuugha gksrh gS ijUrq nf{k.k&iwohZ ,f'k;kbZ {ks=ksa ds lnkcgkj ouksa esa orZekuesa QSyh gqbZ gSA blls izLrkfor gksrk gS fd ,slh vknZz ilan iztkfr;k¡ izfrdwyifjfLFkfr;ksa ds izcy gksus ds i'pkr~ cp ugha ldhaA Vudiqj rFkk mÙkjk¡pyds vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa esa vukofjr fofHkUu f'kokfyd [k.Mksa ls iknixq#thok'eksa ¼dk"Bksa] ifÙk;ksa] Qyksa½ dks Hkh ,df=r fd;k x;kA fuEu rFkke/; f'kokfyd volknksa ls Hkh ijkxk.kfod uewus ,df=r fd, x, FksAf'kokfyd volknksa ds mDr 30 i.kZ eqnzk'eksa dh igpku dsUnzh; jk"Vªh;ikniky; ¼gkoM+k½ esa iw.kZ dh xbZ gSAegs'k izlknvo;o 9 % v:.kkpy izns'k ds mifgeky; dk fuvksthu % ijkxk.kq Lrfjdh] ouLifrtkr foU;kl rFkk tyok;qikiqeis;js ftys ds fdfeu&thjks ekxZ ij vukofjr MkQyk ,oalqckafljh 'kSylewgksa dk iqjkijkxk.kqfoKku v/;;u fd;k x;kA ijkxk.kfod'kSy uewuksa dk jklk;fud izØe.k fd;k x;k rFkk vR;Yi ijkxd.k chtk.kqizkIr gq,A izkIr ijkxk.kq la:i vf/kdrj ijfe;u :iksa&jkbtksekLiksjk] dqNVf'kZ;jh ijkxk.kq la:iksa ds lkFk oVhZlhiksysukbVht] LVªk;kVªkbfyVht dhrjg rFkk ÝslusØhVsVjl dks iqu% pfØr djrs gSaAKkusUnz dqekj f=osnhifj;kstuk 7 % izk;n~ohih; Hkkjr dh lhukstks+bd ;qxhu nzksf.k;ksa dh ijkxk.kqLrfjdh rFkk iqjki;kZoj.kvo;o 1 % f'kykax iBkj ds bvkslhu volknksa dk ijkxk.kfod fo'ys"k.k{ks= dh Lrfjd O;oLFkk dks le>us ds fy, rFkk ijkxk.kfod v/;;ugsrq fltw] fjokd ,oa [ksjkikM+k 'kSylewgksa ls uewus ,d= djus gsrq if'pehxkjks fgYl ftys esa rqjk&Mkyw ekxZ rFkk nf{k.kh xkjks fgYl ftys esafltw&ck?kekjk ekxZ ¼es?kky;½ ds ,d Nksj ls nwljs Nksj rd dk;Z fd;kx;kA fltw&ck?kekjk ekxZ [k.M ds fjokd 'kSylewg ls izkIr 34 uewuksa dkel`.ku fd;k x;kA LykbMksa dh Ldsfuax rFkk ijkxk.kqthok'eksa dk QksVks&izys[ku,oa v/;;u fd;k x;k gSA vfHkfyf[kr egRoiw.kZ ijkxk.kq oxZd gSa&lk;FkhMkbVht vkLVsªfyl] LVªk;kVªkbysVht lqlsuh] baDVkiaDVhLiksfjl baVªkiaDVht]iksyhiksfM;kbZLiksjkbVht vksjusVl] iksyhiksfM;klhLiksjkbVht est+j]jsfVVªsldkWYikbVht iztkfr] Msalhos:ZiksysukbVht bvkslhuhdl]isYyhlhvjksbZiksfyl yaxsugsbekbZ] vksijdqyksLdYiVkbVht iztkfr] bR;kfn]blds vfrfjDr ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqfV~V;k¡ v/;;u tkjh gSAjes'k dqekj lDlsuk ,oa th-ds- f=osnh13

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyvo;o 2 % Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu volkfndkvksa dk ijkxk.kfod v/;;u rFkk dPN nzks.kh ds ouLifrtkr ds fodkl ijbldk izHkkook?kksiMkj xk¡o ds fudV vukofjr izkjafHkd bZvkslhu volknksa ls [kkstsx, ijkxk.kq leqPp; la[;k rFkk fofHkUurk nksuksa esa izpqj gSA vko`rchth;ijkxd.kksa dk ek=kRed :i ls chtk.kqvksa ij izHkqRo gksrk gSA MkW;uksflLVleqPp; esa vuqifLFkr gSA ijkxk.kq oxZdksa dk vkdkjofxZdh; v/;;u fd;kx;k gSA leqPp; ds dqN egRoiw.kZ rRo isjhiksfyl czkspsafll] ysfd;kiksfylvksosVl] vkjsaxkiksysukbVht ,dkbusVl] fLiuhtksuksdkWYikbVht csdqysVl]VªkbdkWYikbVht jsfVdqysVht] LVªk;kdksyiksjkbVht LVªk;kVl] physaFkksbMLiksjkeksuksysVk] isYyhlh vjksbiksfyl yaxsugsbekbZ gSaAtxUukFk izlkn eaMyvo;o 3 % Hkkjr ds iwohZ rV dk Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu ijkxk.kq Lrfjdh rFkk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdhvfj;kywj {ks= ¼dkosjh nzks.kh½ ds iafxMh o MqM~Mwdq: ¼ds&th nzks.kh½]fufu;wj] dYykesMw o vn~ukudqfjph pwukiRFkj [kkuksa ls izkIr uewuksa dkjklk;fud izØe.k iw.kZ fd;k x;kA vn~ukudqfjph [kkukas rFkk fufu;wj[k.Mksa ls [kksts x, chtk.kq&ijkxd.kksa dk vkdkjofxZdh] vfHkfu/kkZj.k ,oavk¡dMk fuoZpu fd;k x;k rFkk dk;Z tkjh gSA vfHkfyf[kr egRoiw.kZ oa'kgSa&fyxksfM;eLiksjkbVht] ikYehMkbVht] fyfy,lhMkbVht]jsfVVªkbdksyiksjkbVht] xzsfeuhMkbVhtAfr:o:j ftys ¼rfeyukMw½ ds ,e-bZ-lh-,y- lsywj os/k&fNnz ijijkxk.kfod vUos"k.k iw.kZ fd;k x;k gSA bl leqPp; esa 'kSokyh; o dodh;vo'ks"kksa rFkk vko`rchth ijkxd.kksa ds 18 oa'k o 28 iztkfr;k¡ 'kkfey gSaAegRoiw.kZ oa'k gSa&ckWVªh;ksdksDdl] buviVhZLiksjkbVht] iksfy,MksLiksjkbVht]ikYehMkbVht] bjhMslhMkbVht] esfy;kiksfyl] rfeyhiksysukbVht]dqM~Mkyksjhiksfyl ,oa Vªkbdksy iksjksiksykbVhtA ijkxk.kfod vk¡dM+ksa dsvk/kkj ij volknksa dh vk;q izkjfEHkd ek;kslhu fu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSAfu{ksi.k vof/k ds nkSjku vk¡dM+s vf/kd o"kkZ lfgr m".kdfVca/kh; ¼m".ko vknzZ½ tyok;q fp=kafdr djrs gSaA fuEu Hkwfe] vyo.k ty dk nyny]ikuh dk fdukjk rFkk cyqbZ fdukjk ds rRoksa ls lacaf/kr ijkxk.kq thok'eksadh igpku dh tk pqdh gSA i;kZIr vyo.kty lfgr nwj leqnzh rV i;kZoj.kesa fu{ksi.k gqvkA,e-vkj- jkovo;o 4 % Åijh vle æks.kh ds Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu volknksa dk ijkxk.kq Lrfjdh; rFkk ijkxk.kq lay{k.kh; fo'ys"k.kekj?ksfjVk ftys dh frji dks;yk [kkuksa ¼fVdkd icZr 'kSylewg] vafrevksfyxkslhu½ ij vukofjr [kku dÙkZu [kaM ls 50 uewus el`.ku fd, x,Adks;yk] dkcZu;qDr 'ksy ,oa e`fÙkdk uewuksa ls [kksts x, ijkxk.kq leqPp;esa LVªk;kVªkbfyVht dkaIysDl] VsfjMslhMkbVht iztkfr] lk;FkhMkbVht ekbuj]fMfDV;ksfQYyhMkbVht fdVksZesVl ds chtk.kq( fgfctlhiksfyl iztkfr]VªkbdkWYikbVht jsfVdqysVl] iksyh,MksiksysukbVht ek;ksfluhdl]ekYoklsjeiksfyl iztkfr] bR;kfn ds ijkxd.k 'kkfey gSaA ÝsxeksFkkbjkbVhtiztkfr] IyqjhflYyk,LiksjkbVht iztkfr dh dodh Qy dk;sa rFkk dqNiqu%jfpr ijfe;u ldks'k ijkxd.kksa dk leqPp; esa vfHkfu/kkZj.k Hkh fd;kx;k gSA ifjf{kIr dkcZfud inkFkksZa dh igpku dh xbZ gSa tSls&lajpukRedLFkyh;] tSofuEuhd`r LFkyh;] vfØLVyh;] jsftuksa] dkys eyos rFkk Hkwjsikni [kaMksa] bR;kfnA dkcZfud inkFkksZa dh lacaf/kr mifLFkfr iznf'kZr djrhgS fd tSofuEuhd`r LFkyh; ,oa vfØLVyh; dh ckjackjrk [k.M ds vk/kkjesa mPprj gSA jsftu xksfydk,¡ o dkys eyos muds ckn gS tcfd izpqjdkyk eyok iznf'kZr djrh mifj laLrjksa ls uewuksa us lajpukRed LFkyh;]tSofuEuhd`r] vfØLVyh; ,oa jsftu dk vuqlj.k fd;kA bl ifj.kke lsbafxr gksrk gS fd vk/kkjh vuqØe ds fu{ksi.k ds nkSjku vodkjd voLFkkO;kIr Fkh tks fd Åij dh vksj ls eafnr vodkjd&vkWDlhdj.k n~okjk/khjs&/khjs izfrLFkkfir gq, FksA lexz ijkxk.kqleqPp; rFkk ijkxk.kq :iksa dsvk¡dM+s miks".k in~/kfr ds vUrxZr MsYVh;&nynyh O;oLFkk iznf'kZr djrs gSaAek/ko dqekjvo;o 5 % f=iqjk rFkk fetksje ds ek;kslhu volknksa dk ijkxk.kfod fo'ys"k.kfetksje esa nf{k.k&iwohZ eaMy ds pkSaxVs [kaM ds Åifj Hkqcu 'kSylewg ls[kksts x, ijkxk.kq leqPp; ls m".kdfVca/kh;& miks".k Lrfjdh; fpfõdoxZdksa ¼ekYoslhjEiksfyl] VsfjMslhMkbVht] fgfcllhiksysukbVht]dEiksftVksbiksysukbVht] ,YuhiksysukbVht] fyxksfM;eLiksjkbVht]VksMhLiksjkbVht] bR;kfn½ dh izkfIr ds vk/kkj ij izkjfEHkd ek;kslhu vk;qfu/kkZfjr djrs gSaaA ukbZik ls lacaf/kr LihuhtksuksdkWYikbVht ,dkbusVl dh14

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005mifLFkfr rVjs[kk fuoklh izLrkfor djrh gSA yo.kfiz; oxZd iksyhiksfjukdh mifLFkfr fu{ksi.k {ks= ds fudV Tokjh; nyny dh mifLFkfr dk leFkZudjrh gS tks fd vkt rVh; dPN okuLifrd leqnk; ls lacaf/kr gSAvko`rchth ijkxk.kq oxZdksa dh fofHkUurk xgjs fuEuHkwfe ouLifr vkoj.kdks bafxr djus dh lksprh gS tks fd leqPp; ds lewg cukrh gSA vYi?kw.khZd'kkHkksa dh mifLFkfr n~okjk bafxr fd, x, izHkko ds vUrxZr lhekarr%leqnzh lk{; esa volkn tek FksA mifj Hkwcu 'kSylewg esa eq[;r% 'ksy dsÅijh iFk vuqØe] ckyqiRFkj] varjklaLrfjr ika'kq izLrj ,oa Økl laLrfjr/kwlj ckyqiRFkj lqO;fLFkr gSa ftls rV js[kk dh fudVrk esa MsYVk forfjdkpSuy ds fu{ksi.k ds fy, fuoZpu fd;k x;kA fetksje dk {ks=h; Hkze.k Hkhfd;k x;k vkSj {ks= esa chtk.kq&ijkxd.k rFkk ouLifr ds laca/k ds v/;;ugsrq 'kSy uewus ¼350½ ,d= fd, x,A thok'eksa ds lacaf/kr uewuksa dkQksVks&izys[ku Hkh fd;k x;kAch-Mh- eaMkodjifj;kstuk 8 % ehlkst+ksbd&lhukst+ksbd æksf.k;ksa dk leqæh lw{ethok'efoKku % iqjki;kZoj.k rFkkleqæ ryh; ifjorZuksa ij izHkkovo;o 1 % if'peh Hkkjrh; egk}hih; rVksa ls izkIr tqjkfld ;qxhu uSuksiknik'e rFkk mudh iqjktSoHkkSxksfydh; izklafxdrktkjk] tqekjk rFkk dhjk xqEcnksa ¼dPN½ ds pkjh] dsVjksy ,oa mfe;k'kSylewgksa dks fu:fir djrs 70 uewuksa dks rS;kj fd;k x;k rFkkmudk v/;;u fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr] mfe;k ikni laLrj rFkkiukUÌzksa ds yk[kkikj [k.M ls izkIr uewuksa dks Hkh rS;kj fd;k x;kAlqifjjf{kr ,oa fofo/k ijklw{ethok'e leqPp; esa lekfo"V vUlqykLQs;jkgsYosfVdk] fcLdqVe dksalVsal] lkbDysfoyksLQs;jk ekftZjsYyh] bFkeksgsZcMlxsfydl] yksFksfjaxxqbl ØqlhlsaVsªfyl] ,y- flftysVl] iksMksjgscMl xzklh]fLVQuksfyfFk;u ckbxksfV;kbZ] ,l-gsDle] ,l- LisfDlvksle] FkksjsdksLQs;jklsfDl;k] okV~tU;w ,fj;k cusZlk,] MCY;w- fczVsfudk] MCY;w- euhfoVkbZ rFkkMCY;w- vksosVk dks t+jk xqEcn [k.M ds vk/kkj ls izkIr vftIlhee; bdkbZdks fu:fir djrs XykSdksukbVh iadk'eksa ls [kksts x, gaSA vftIlhee; 'ksysaftIlhee; ,oa dkcZue; 'ksyksa ds uhps fLFkr gSa vkSj rhu vfHky{k.kuÅPprk ls thok'ee; vksDlQksfMZ;u vk;q ,eksukbV esa lekfo"V lfojkedBksj dSfYl;eh 'ksyksa lfgr [k.M ds /kkslk vaMdk'e Nn ds cSaMksa ds ÅijfLFkr gSaA pkjh 'kSylewg dks vkjksgh Øe esa ftIlhee;] vftIlhee; rFkk/kkslk vaMdk'e fu:fir djrs gSa vkSj dsoy vftIlhee; 'ksysa fo'otuhu,oa LFkkukiUu fpõd esa izpqj gSa rFkk vU; bdkb;ksa esa ijklw{kethok'eksa dhdeh O;ogkfjd gSAleqPp; eas funkulwpd ijklw{ethok'e oxZdksa vFkkZr~ ,- gsYosfVdk] ,lckbxksfV;kbZ],l- gsDle o MCY;w- euhfoVkbZ dh vk;q dh mifLFkfrvafre dsyksfo;u vk;q ds ,- gsYosfVdk ¼,u-ts- 12½ ,oa ,l- ckbxksfV;kbZ¼,u-ts- 13½ ds lkFk lglaca/k Lohdkj djrh gSA dqN fnukadu leqnzhthok'e jfgr Hkqt lnL; ls izkIr pwuke; ijklw{ethok'eksa ij ,dikaMqfyfi dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA dPN ehlkstksbd ls lacaf/kr leL;kvksaij MkW- ,l-ds- fclokl ds lkFk ppkZ rFkk fopkj&foe'kZ gsrq vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] eqacbZ dk Hkh Hkze.k fd;kAT;ksRluk jkW;vo;o 2 % dkosjh æks.kh ds vafre fØVs'kl iwoZ isfy;kslhu vuqØe ls izkIr vf'er 'kSoky dk lw{ethok'efoKkurfeyukMw ds vfj;kywj ftys esa fufu;wj 'kSylewg ¼isfy;kslhu½ ls izkIrpwuke; 'kSoky dk iqjki;kZoj.kh; egRo dk v/;;u fd;k x;kA 'kSokyh;ouLifrtkr fofo/ke; gS vkSj dksjsyhusfl;Ul ¼fyFkksQkbykWbM~l eSLVksQksjkWbM~l,oa eSykscsflvksbM~l½] LiksjksfyFksfl;Ul] tkuqur] izokyksa] lksysuksiksjl ,oaMSlhDysM~l n~okjk fu:fir gksrs gSaA pwuke; 'kSokyh; leqPp; esa dksjsyhusfl;Uliw.kZ :i ls egRoiw.kZ gSA fufu;wj 'kSylewg dh fuEu bdkbZ dk leqPp;vxHkhj mirV lay{k.kh vFkkZr~ fuEu ÅtkZ voLFkk ds lkFk i'p&fHkfÙki;kZoj.k bafxr djrk gSA leqPp; dh e/; bdkbZ ls vfHkfyf[kr 'kSokyh;:iksa dk la?kVu fuEu ÅtkZ i;kZoj.k ds e/;&mirV dk ladsrd gS tcfdÅijh bdkbZ ds leqPp; rV fdukjs] ySxwuh ls Tokjh;] e/; ÅtkZ i;kZoj.kds fudV lfUudVrk esa iSp&fHkfÙk i;kZoj.k bafxr djrk gSA,-ds- ?kks"kvo;o 3 % nf{k.kh f'kykax iBkj ds mifj fØVs'kl&isfy;kslhu vuqØe dk ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqVh; rFkk ijkxk.kq lay{k.kh;v/;;u % iqjki;kZoj.k rFkk lEcfU/kr leqæ ryh; ifjorZuksa ij izHkkoisfy;kslhu&bZvkslhu lhek ds vkj&ikj Xykscy okfeZax ?kVuk ds fo'ks"klanHkZ esa tkFkkax fgy [kaM ds utnhdh cus uewuksa ls [kksts x, ?kw.khZd'kkHkiqV~Vh leqPp;ksa dk izys[ku rFkk foLr`r vkdkfjdh; v/;;u fd;k x;kA,isDVksfMfu;e 'khZ"k Xykscy vkbZ-bZ-Vh-,e- ¼ih-bZ-Vh-,e-½ ?kVuk dksfeykrs gq, udkjkRed dkcZu leLFkkfud vfHk;ku ls utnhdh lekdyudjrk gSA [kaM esa isfy;kslhu@bZvkslhu lhek dks uohure ladYiuk ds15

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyvk/kkj ij lhekafdr djrs gSaA bl {ks= esa LikusZfl;u volknksa dh mifLFkfrizFke ckj vfHkfu/kkZfjr dh xbZ gSA ,isDVksMhfu;e dk lacaf/kr vuqikr]vU; ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqfV~V;ksa] ijkxk.kq la:ikas rFkk dkcZfud inkFkZ dks izysf[krdjrs gSa vkSj ijkxk.kq la:i forj.k pkVZ v|ru fd;k x;k gS tks fd rVh;nyny O;oLFkk esa y?kq&thfor leqnzh Lianksa dks bafxr djrk gSAvfpjLFkk;h dks;yk laLrj dh izkfIr dk vkbZ-bZ-Vh-,e- ds lkgp;Z esaXykscy okfeZax ?kVuk ls lacaf/kr gksuk ekuk x;k gSA [kklh ioZr Jsf.k;ksa dsisfy;kslhu@bZvkslhu lhek [kaM gsrq laiw.kZ nh?kZdkfyd tSoLrfjdh; ;kstukizLrkfor djrs gSaA jsQjh ds lq>koksa ds vuqlkj dkcZu leLFkkfud vk¡dM+stksM++dj ikaMqfyfi dks la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k gSAizkjafHkd osV~tsyhykWbM oxZdksa dks fu:fir djrs u, fp= iz:iksas dks tkFkkaxfgy MkW;uksflLV leqPp; ls vafdr fd;k x;k gS ,isDVksfMfu;e rFkkjksecksfMfu;e ds e/; y{k.kksa ds vkPNkfnr dks iznf'kZr djrs :i egRoiw.kZtSoLrfjdh; ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqV~Vh lewg ds fodklh; oa'kkuqØe ij egRoiw.kZlaca/k gksrs u, oa'k dks fu:fir djsAysVekWdflax fgy ,oa fltw&fjokd [kaMksa eas ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqV~Vh moZj Lrjksa ijigpkuk x;k gSA rwjk&Mkyw [kaM ls izkIr ijkxk.kq la:iksa rFkk ?kw.khZd'kkHkiqfV;ksa dk izys[ku iw.kZ fd;k x;k gSAjkgqy xxZ] [okt+k vrhdqTtek¡ ,oa oanuk izlkn[kklh ioZr Jsf.k;ksa ls izkIr ekfLVªfD'k;u&Msfu;u ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqfV;ksa ij ,d ikaMqfyfi dks vafre :i fn;k tk jgk gSAjkgqy xxZ ,oa [okt+k vrhdqTtek¡vo;o 4 % mÙkj&if'peh fgeky; dh v/kks Vf'kZ;jh ;qxhu 'kSykas dk ijkxk.kq Lrfjdh; rFkk iqjki;kZoj.kh; fo'ys"k.k %iqjktyok;q rFkk vxzHkwfe æks.kh fodkl ij izHkkofgekpy çns'k ds /keZ'kkyk rFkk mlds vkl&ikl {ks=ksa ds fuEu Vf'kZ;jhvolknksa dk ijkxk.kq Lrfjdh; v/;;u fd;k x;kA 22 ekfir Lrfjdh[kaMksa ls lacaf/kr 'kSy uewuksa ¼353½ ds v/;;u gsrq çØe.k fd;k x;k FkkAçØfer uewus ijkxk.kq thok'eksa esa vf/kdrj vuqoZj ;k vR;Yi gSa tcfdxt [kM] ea>h [kM rFkk pqjkWu [kM ls izkIr uewuksa us izpqj ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr fn, gSaA pqjkWu [kM rFkk ea>h [kM ds /keZ'kkyk volknksa lsizkIr ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkr us 'kSokyh; o dodh vo'ks"kksa] VsfjMksQkbVhchtk.kqvksa rFkk vuko`rchth; o vko`rchth; ijkxd.kksa ds 18 oa'kksa o 37iztkfr;ksa dks fu:fir fd;k gSA leqPp; LVªk;kVªkbfyVht]iksfyiksfM,lhLiksjkbVht] iksfyiksfM;kbZLiksjkbVht] dEiksftVksbiksysukbVht]eksuksiksjksiksysukbVht] ikbuliksysukbVht] bR;kfn n~okjk fu:fir gksrk gSA'kSokyh; ;qXek.kq ek=kRed :i ls leqPp; esa lcls izeq[k rRo gSA ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr ds egRoiw.kZ oxZdksa dh lk;Fkh,lh] fMdlksfu,lh] vksleqaMslh]lkbft,lh] ijdsfj,lh] iksfyiksfM,lh] ,fjdslh] iks,lh] lsiksVslh rFkkmÙkjk¡py ds uhydaB rFkk rky ?kkVh {ks=ksa ds lqckFkq 'kSylewg esa foLr`riqjki;kZoj.kh; fuoZpu o leqnzh Lrj ifjorZuksa gsrq ijkxk.kq la:i v/;;uds lkFk&lkFk volknu v/;;u ¼lg;ksx esa½ Hkh iwjk fd;k x;kA iqjkfu[kkrlaLrjksa dks v/;;u fd, x, {ks= esa lqckFkq 'kSylewg ds vk/kkfjd Hkkx esavfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA iqjkfu[kkr dks ykSg vaMdh; cSaMksa ds lkgp;Zesa ysVjkbVh laLrj n~okjk vfHky{kf.kr fd;k tkrk gSA ;g izLrkfor fd;kfeekslslh dqyksa ds fo|eku lnL;ksa ls rqyuk dh xbZ gSA vk¡dM+ksa dh O;k[;kdh xbZ rFkk fu{ksi.k ds blds dkyfu/kkZj.k laHkkO; ,oa i;kZoj.k ij çdk’kMkyk x;kA ’kadq/kkjh ijkxd.kksa dh egRoiw.kZ izkfIr us ,fcVhuh ds lnL;ksadks fo’ks"k :i ls fu:fir fd;k tks fd ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkrh; leqPp;dh lqLi"V fuvksthu lekurk dks bafxr djrs gSaA volknksa ls yxrk gS fd;s vyo.k ty voLFkkvksa ds vUrxZr fu{ksfir gq, gSaAea>h [kM ¼dqfugkjk ds fudV½ ds lkFk&lkFk vukofjr bZvkslhuvolknksa ls [kksts x, ijkxk.kq thok'eksa dk vkdkjofxZdh; v/;;uijkxk.kqthok'eksa ds p;fur Nk;kfp=ksa ds lkFk vkaf'kd :i ls fd;k x;kgSA /keZ'kkyk rFkk blds vkl&ikl {ks=ksa ds /keZ'kkyk o lqckFkq 'kSyleqPp;ksads ijkxk.kfod uewus rFkk {ks=h; çs{k.k ds Øec) laxzg gsrq {ks=h; Hkze.kHkh fd;k x;kAlehj ljdkjtkrk gS fd vafre isfy;kslhu ds mPp vo{ksi.k rFkk m".k ,oa vknzZ tyok;qls foys; lkezxh dk jklk;fud o HkkSfrd vi{k; rFkk fu{kkyu ijUrqvfoys; vo'ks"k ds lap; ds ifj.kke izkIr gq,A ,l-vkj-Mh- fo'ys"k.klg;ksx dsvksfyukbV o lkcquh e`fÙkdk [kfut dh çeq[krk bafxr djrk gSAoUnuk izlkn16

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vo;o 5 % Hkkjr esa eSaxzkso ouLifr dk bfrgkl% egkunh MsYVkHkxokuiqj ¼mM+hlk½ ls ,df=r ifjPNsfndk ¼ch-,l-&1152 ± 30,625o"kZ iwoZ½ ls çkIr 10 uewuksa dk ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA uewuksa usijkxk.kqeyoksa dh fofHkUu ckjackjrk tSls&ijkxd.kksa] chtk.kqvkas] ?kw.khZd'kkHkiqfV;ksa] ekbØksQkSjsfefuQsjk] lwMkslkbft;k] bR;kfn dks iznf'kZr fd;kA [kkstsx, ØksM eSaxzkso oxZdksa esa jkbtksQksjk] lksUusjsf'k;k] gsfjfV,jk] ,foflfUu;k],DldkW,dsfj;k] bR;kfn dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA i'p Hkwfe oxZdtSls&gksyksIVsYdk] ,Ecfydk] vksfy,lh] QScslh dks iks,lh]phuksiksfM,lh@vejsaFkslh] lkbisjslh] bR;kfn ds lkFk vafdr fd;k x;k FkkAvk'kk [k.Msyokyvo;o 6 % DokVjujh ds nkSjku iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr ds fefdj iBkj rFkk Åijh vle ds eSnku ds m".kdfVca/kh; ouksa esatyok;q rFkk okuLifrd vuqØefMczwx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyifj;kstuk 11 % vafre DokVjujh dYi ds nkSjku leqnzh rFkk rVh; volknksa ls izkIr Nn~etyok;fod ladsrdvo;o 1 % vafre DokVjujh dYi ds nkSjku Hkkjr ds if'peh Hkkx ds vkl&ikl iqjki;kZoj.kh; ifjorZuksa ds Nn~eladsrdksa ds :i esa leqnzh volknksa ls izkIr ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqVhmFkyh xgjkbZ ¼yxHkx 50 eh-½ ls çkIr i`"Bh; volkn uewuksa lsvYi ckjackjrk dkcZfud fHkfÙk ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqVh leqPp;ksa ds v/;;un~okjk fuEu yo.krk rFkk xeZ ikuh gsrq ofj;rk ;qDr V~;wcjdqyksfMfu;eosadkseksvk, dk on~f/kr vuqikr izdV gqvkA ;g on~f/kr vo{ksi.k ¼o"kkZ@ekulwuls lacaf/kr½ ds lkFk m".k o vknZz ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ladsrd ds :i esaykHknk;d gks ldrk gSAMkW- jktho fuxe] ,u-vkbZ-vks- ¼xksok½ n~okjk fn, x, 5.5 eh- ØksMuewuksa ¼?kuRo dksM th-lh- 7( 2 ls-eh- varjky½ dk çØe.k fo'ks"k?kw.khZd'kkHk iqVh ds lkgp;Z esa fuEu ØksM fofHkUurkvksa] fo'ks"k :i lsizksVksisfjMhuhvksbM lewg rFkk [kqys leqnz :iksa ¼xksfuvksysdkWbM~l ls lacaf/kr½ds v/;;u gsrq dk;Z vkjEHk fd;k x;k\ blds vfrfjDr vijLFkkfud usLFkyh; :i ls dkcZfud inkFkZ izkIr fd,Ajkgqy xxZ ,oa [oktk vrhdqT+tek¡vo;o 2 % caxky nzks.kh esa vafre DokVjujh ;qxhu iqjki;kZoj.kh; ifjorZuksa ds 'kSokyh; izek.kiwohZ fenukiqj ftys dh ljladk >hy dh 7 ifjPNsfndkvksa ls lacaf/kr73 uewuksa dks 'kSokyh; vo'ks"kksa gsrq izØfer fd;k x;kA volknksa esa 22oa'kksa ls lacaf/kr dqy 53 Mk;,e oxZdksa dks vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd;k x;kAleqPp;ksa ds egRoiw.kZ vo;o ,EQksjk çtkfr;k¡] fuV~Tlfp;k çtkfr;k¡]jgksisyksfM;k çtkfr;k¡] ekLVksXyksvk çtkfr;k¡] flusMªk çtkfr;k¡] lwjhjsYykçtkfr;k¡] lkbDykVsYyk çtkfr;k¡] dkWdlhuksfMLdl çtkfr;k¡] fcn~nqyfQ;kçtkfr;k¡ ,oa FkSyfLlvkslsjk çtkfr;k¡ gSaA Mk;Veksa dh dbZ çtkfr;ksa dkØeoh{k.k bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ ds vUrxZr ijh{k.k fd;k x;k FkkAeksguk dh vksj jkeuxj [ky ds lkFk&lkFk xgjh ifjPNsfndk esa i`"Bh;volkn Mk,Ve leqPp;ksa dk fo'ys"k.k] çtkfr forj.k o yo.krk ds e/;laca/krk rFkk fu{ksi.k dh ty xgjkbZ dks vafdr djus gsrq] tkjh FkkAizkjafHkd vk¡dM+k fuoZpu fd;k x;k FkkA i`"Bh; volknksa eas Mk,VeouLifrtkr dh fofo/krk jkeuxj [ky ds vanj ds Hkkx dh vis{kk eksgukds fljs ds fudV vR;Yi gSA iztkfr;ksa dh la[;k esa chy {ks= ds Hkw&i`"Bh; ls 1.5 ls2 eh- xgjkbZ Js.kh dh e`fÙkdk volknksa dk 2600 ± 100 o"kZ bZ- iwoZdkyfu/kkZj.k fd;k x;kA ijkxk.kfod ifj.kke vafre gksykslhu ljksojh;fu{ksi.k iznf'kZr djrs gS vkSj dksbZ eSaxzkso ijkxk.kq ugha ;k dqN vU; leqnzh:i vafdr fd, x, FksA >hy dk mÙkj&iwohZ ik'oZ Hkkx 20 fdeh- yEcsmIiwrs: ladjs pSuy n~okjk leqnz ls tksM+rk gSA blds fljs ds ikl] eSaxzksodsoy lgL= o"kZ iqjkus gSaAvUukeykbZuxj ls ,d 7 eh- e`fÙkdk [kaM dk 5640 ± 100 o"kZ bZiwoZdkyfu/kkZj.k fd;k tkrk gSA eSaxzkso ds lk{; ;gk¡ e/; leqnz ry ls 3.5eh- ij gSa tks fd orZeku rVjs[kk ls iqjkrVjs[kk ds 18 fdeh- Hkhrj dhvksj dk ladsr djrs gSaA eSaxzkso js[kk yxHkx 2000 o"kksZa dh vof/k easuVjktiqje igq¡prs gq, leqnz dh vksj 8 fdeh- ihNs gVhA blfy, vafregksykslhu ds vkjaHk esa eSaxzkso us orZeku dh vis{kk esa cM+k {ks= ?ksjk FkkAvafre gksykslhu ls eSaxzkso dk g~okl uneq[k ds iwoksZÙkj dh vksj bldkizokl Hkh lg;ksxh FkkA vM~;kj@dqve uneq[k] ,Uuksj Øhd ,oa i;kZoj.k¼psUubZ½] dqM~MkykWj ,oa blds ikl fipkoje uneq[k dk i;Zos{k.k Hkh fd;kx;k rFkk ogk¡ ls i`"Bh; e`fÙkdk ,oa ØksM uewus ,d= fd, x,Avatqe Qk:dh20

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005mIiuj unh caxky dh [kkM+h esaxzkso ,oa lgpkjh vuwi ckywbZ volknd & vUukeykbZuxj( [k & uVjktiqje] x & fipkoje uneq[kdkosjh MsYVk ds lfØ; mÙkj esa ~ 570 ± 120 o"kZ iwoZ ls Tokjuneq[kh foorZu ,oa eSaxzkso {ks= ladqpu% ijkxk.kq dkyLrfjdvfHkys[kifj;kstuk 12 % iqjkrkfÙod LFkyksa dk iqjkekuookuLifrd fo'ys"k.kvo;o 1 % iqjkekuoouLifr foKku % mÙkj o mÙkj&if'peh Hkkjr esa izkphu ekuo] ikni rFkk i;kZoj.k& mÙkjizns'k ds fetkZiqj ftys esa rksdok ds çkphu LFkyksa ls izkIr okuLifrd vo'ksÔksa dk v/;;ufuvksfyfFkd rksdok esa 2003 ds nkSjku iqjkrkfRod [kqnkbZ ls çkIr fd,x, dkcZuhd`r vo'ks"kksa ij vUos"k.k dk;Z fd;k x;kA 2200-1500 bZiw-ds dkyfu/kkZj.k dk fofHkUu xgjkb;ksa ds foLr`r lkLd`frd fu{ksiksa lsmRiUu çek.kksa ls pkoy] tkS] czsM&OghV] MokQZ&OghV elwj] eVj] [ksljhnky] puk] eksaB] ew¡x] vylh ,oa Hkkjrh; ljlksa dh [ksrh izdV gqbZA buQlyksa ds ikS/kksa lfgr] [kj&irokj rFkk oxZdksa ds chtksa ,oa Qyksa dsvo'ks"k Hkh vfHkfu/kkZfjr fd, x, gSa tks fd bl çdkj gSa% fofl;k lsVkbok]dksbDl yspjhek&tksch] flVsfj;k rqyuk XykSdk] phuksiksfM;e ,Yce]fQEczhLVkbfyl iztkfr] ,Ecfydk vkWfQlhusfyl] ftftQl uqEeqysfj;k ,oa,Uuksuk rqyuk LdqokekslkA bu dkcZuhd`r vo'ks"kksa ds e/; ,Uuksuk rqyukLdqokekslk vUukukl ds izek.k] tks fd nf{k.kh vejhdk dk usfVo gS]Hkkjrh; iqjkrRofoKku ds lanHkZ esa vkfJr gksuk gSA vf/kd la[;k esa dk"Bdks;yksa ds ifjPNsn&dÙkZu gsrq Hkh çØe.k fd;k x;k gSA muesa ls dqN esaifjjf{kr 'kkfjjh; y{k.kksa us i.kZikrh ou vFkkZr~ VfeZusfy;k csYysfjdk]VsDVksuk xaszfMl] flftft;e rqyuk D;wfeuh] LVsªCyl ,Lij] e/kqdk bafMdk,oa cSEcqlk iztkfr ds rRoksa dh fof'k"V igpku dh vxzrk dh FkhAjktLFkku esa HkhyokM+k ftys ds Åft;kuk ls vgj laLd`fr ¼3000-1500 bZ- iw-½ ds ikni vo'ks"kksa ij ,d ik.Mqfyfi dk izk:i rS;kj fd;kAiqjkrkfRod [kqnkbZ esa Hkkx ysus gsrq gfj;k.kk esa dq:{ks= ftys ds tksxuk [ksM+kesa izkphu LFky dk {ks=h; Hkze.k fd;k vkSj dkcZuhd`r lkexzh dk izpqj laxzgfd;k x;kA,-ds- iks[kfj;k21

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyvo;o 2 % iqjkekuoouLifrfoKku % mÙkjh rFkk mÙkj&if'peh Hkkjr ds izkphu ekuo] ikS/ks rFkk i;kZoj.k mÙkjçns'k esa izkphu LFkyksa ls izkIr okuLifrd vo'ks"kksa dk v/;;udUukSt ftys ds vfg:vk jktkjkeiqj ¼fNczkeÅ rglhy½ rFkk fl;kiqj¼frjok rglhy½ ds nks izkphu LFkyksa dk {ks=h; Hkze.k fd;k x;k tgk¡ ;w-th-lhifj;kstuk^^xaxk ds eSnku dk iqjkrRofoKku** ds vUrxZr [kqnkbZ dh xbZ FkhAfpf=r eǹHkk.M] mÙkjh dkyh ikWfy'knkj Hkk.M rFkk dq"kk.k dky ds lk¡Ld`frdfu{ksiksa ls izpqj ek=k esa iqjkrRo&ouLifrd lkexzh ,d= dh xbZ FkhA fl;kiqj dkLFky izkjfEHkd fpf=r eǹqHkk.M dk vfrfjDr fu{ksi FkkA nksuksa LFky xaxk unh dhlgk;d unh b'kku unh ds fdukjs ij 80 fdeh- dh nwjh ij fLFkr gaSA vfg:vkjktkjkeiqj dh lhek ds nf{k.kh fljs ij fLFkr dqEgkj rky ls e`fÙkdk uewus]ijkxk.kq vUos"k.kksa gsrq 4 eh- xgjh volknh ifjPNsfndk ls Hkh] ,df=r fd, x,AmijksDr izkphu LFkyksa ¼yxHkx 1000 bZ-iw-&300 bZ-½ ls izkIr cht o Qyvo'ks"kksa dk vkdkfjdh; v/;;u fd;k x;kA bl v/;;u ds ek/;e lsrRdkyhu vf/kokfl;ksa n~okjk iz;qDr ikni vFkZ'kkL= ,oa viuk;s tkus okys {ks=h;ikfjfLFkfrdh; ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds iqufuZekZ.k dk ,d iz;kl fd;k x;kA bl v/;;uds ifj.kke Lo:i izkIr vo'ks"kksa esa vukt ¼tkS] pkoy] jkxh] feysV] dkWMksufeysV½(nkysa ¼elwj] [ksljh] eVj] ew¡x] mM+n] dqYFkh] eksB chu½( rsy nsus okys ikS/ks dscht ¼QhYM csfLldk½] tqtcs ysxqfeul Qy( flYd&dikl ds rUrqvksa ds chtAnksuksa LFkyksa ij vkfFkZd :i ls vUos"k.kksa dh orZeku izkjafHkd voLFkk esa izkphuikniksa es lekurk iznf'kZr gksrh gS taxyh ?kklksa ls lacaf/kr vc rd dqy 28 izdkjds [kj&irokj rFkk taxyh oxZd [kksts x, Fks& uhyh rus dh ?kklsa] taxyh tbZ]Øks&QqV ?kkl] cuhZ;kMZ ?kkl ¼lkok¡½] xwt ?kkl] isfude ?kkl] uhyh ?kkl(izr`.kksa&ysV lst] Likbdjl lst] fQfEczLVkbyhu lst] cqyj'k] bR;kfn gSaAVhd&Dyksoj@lsohou] bafMxksa] gs;jh bafMxks] cY;w vYQkYyk] LohV Dyksoj¼lQsn lsaa>h½] fi;kth] eqYyhu] dkWeu oSp] fixohM] cFkqvk] Ms&ykWoj QSaV]ykylkcquh] ukbV 'ksM( yCchch ¼[kr&ikyd½] Lyhih dspykbZ dh vU; [kkstsagS tks fd [ksr ds [kj&irokj ds :i esa mxrh gSaA MsfDVyksDVsfu;e ,ftfIV;e¼ØksV&QqV ?kkl½ rFkk lHkh [kj&irokjsa] dksesfyuk csaxkysafll ¼Ms&ykWoj QSaV½]Vªkb,UFkhek iksjpqykdsLVªe ¼ykylkcquh½ pkoy dh rjg xfeZ;ksa dh Qly dh[kj&irokj gSa tcfd bafMxksQsjk fgjlqVs¼gs;jh bafMxks½] esfyyksVl ,Yck ¼LohVDykWoj] lQsn las>h½] fofl;k lsVkbok ¼dkWeu oSp½] vejsaFkl iztkfr ¼fixohM½]phuksiksfM;e ,Yce ¼cFkqvk½ bl LFky ls izkphu d`f"k esa xsagw¡ ,oa tkS dh rjglfnZ;ksa dh Qlyksa esa [kj&irokj vo;oksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrh gSaA dHkh&dHkhojcsLde FksIll ¼eqyhu½ tyokfgdk ds fdukjs ik;s tkrs Fks tcfd iksyhxksueckjcsVe ,oa :esDl MsUMsVl ¼yCchch] [kr&ikyd½ oklh; fu{ksiksa ds pkjksa vksjfLFkr vknzZ ,oa vuwih; lafLFkfr;ksa dk izfrfuf/kRo djrs gSaAxaxk ds eSnku ds bl 'kq"d {ks= esa iqjkouLifr ,oa iqjktyok;q dh iqujZpukds fy, dqEgkj rky ds lkehI; ls eǹk uewuksa dk jklk;fud çØe.k rFkk ijkxk.kqvUos"k.k Hkh fd;k x;kA e`fÙkdk fu{ksi dh Åijh 2 eh- ifjPNsfndk ls iks,lh]dsfj;ksfQYyslh] ysxqfeukslh] ekyoslh ¼fo'ks"k :i ls flMk iztkfr½] :Vslh¼,bty ekesZyksl½] ,LVsjslh ¼ouksZfu;k flusfj;k½] flEIyksdkWl iztkfr ¼vknzZ rRo½]dslqvkfjek iztkfr] lsMªl iztkfr] ,d vjh; ,oa f=vjh; QuZ chtk.kqvksa]Likbjksxkbjk] tkbxksLiksj] ,ØhVkdZ] fljsVksIVsfjl ¼tyh; QuZ½] fyfy,lh ¼tyh;½ds ijkxk.kq oxZd izdV gq, gaSA ijkxd.k fxurh dh ckjackjrk ?kVrs gq, 'kq: gksrhgS tcfd 2 ls 4 eh- xgjs uhps dh vksj ckyw fu{ksi esa c

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vo;o 2 % izk;n~ohih; rFkk fgeky;h {ks=ksa ls foxr 1000 o"kksaZ ds nkSjku ds izkIr cgq Nn~eh; vkadM+ksa ds vk/kkjij tyok;fod ifjorZuksa dk fo'ys"k.kfdUukSj ,oa vkl&ikl ds {ks=ksa ls ,df=r lSaMªl nsonkjk dh oy;pkSM+kbZ ekih xbZ rFkk dbZ LFkyksa ls o`{k&oy; dkykuqØfefd;k¡ rS;kj dhxbZA uhykEcj ¼dsjy½ ls VsDVksuk xsazfMl dh o`{k&ØksMksa ls pkSM+kbZ Hkh ekihxbZ vkSj ,d dkykuqØfedh] 1813-2003 bZ-iw- foLrfjr] rS;kj dh xbZAizfr:i fo'ys"k.k n~okjk cuk;h xbZ Vhd ds e/; okfgdk {ks= ¼,e-ih-,-½dkykuqØfedh dk tyok;q ls vLFkk;h laca/k le>us gsrq fo'ys"k.k fd;kx;kA bl v/;;u ls iznf'kZr gksrk gS fd gks'kaxkckn esa Vhd dk ¼,e-oh-,-½Hkkjr ds e/; Hkkx esa twu esa ldkjkRed lglaca/k iznf'kZr djrk gS tcfdvo{ksi.k ds lkFk ebZ esa udkjkRed vkSj Qjojh esa rkieku lglaca/kuudkjkRed gSA fQj Hkh Hkkjr ds nf{k.kh Hkkx esa ijechdqye ¼dsjy½] ,eoh-,-ebZ ds nkSjku ldkjkRed lglaca/ku gS vkSj vo{ksi.k ds lkFkQjojh ,oa ekpZ esa udkjkRed vkSj rkieku ds lkFk ebZ esa udkjkRedik;k tkrk gSAiwjs gksykslhu dks ysrs gq, fgekpy izns'k esa ¼3500 eh- ,e-,-,l-,y-½lkaxyk dh :drh unh ds ck;sa rV ij 130 lseh xgjh ifjPNsfndk¼,l-ds-okbZ-,l-½ ls fd, x, ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k ls iznf'kZr gksrk gS fdizkjfEHkd ls e/; gksykslhu ds nkSjku tyok;q m".k o vknzZ Fkh vkSj cknesa vFkkZr~ 3000 o"kZ iwoZ ;g rqyukRed :i ls 'kq"d FkhAveykHk HkV~Vkpk;Zifj;kstuk 14 : fo'ks"k xfrfof/k;k¡vo;o 1 % ykgkSy] Lihfr] yn~nk[k rFkk iwohZ djkdksje {ks=ksa esa vfHko/kZudkjh fodkl] fooÙkZu rFkk iqjktyok;q %fooÙkZfudh] Hkwjklk;ufoKku] volknfoKku] 'kSyfoKku] pqEcdLrfjdh foKku rFkk iqjkouLifrd izek.kksa ijvk/kkfjr v/;;uijkxk.kfod v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij ßyn~nk[k esa baMl lwpj eaMy dsykek;q: dkWEiysDl ls e/;&vafre tqjSfld ijkxk.kq la:iksa dk izFkevfHkys[kÞ ,d 'kks/k i= dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA ;g ns[kk x;k Fkk fd[kkaxjy xk¡o ls çkIr tqjSfld ijkxk.kq la:iksa dk tkaldj&ykek;q#dkEiySDl VsfFk;u {ks= ls iquvZ/;;u fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj fØVs'kl&isfy;kslhuvof/k ds e/; Hkkjr&,f'k;k VSap vxzpki lcMD'ku dkEiySDl esa ifjorZ'khyorZeku esa Hkwxfrdh; fof/k;ksa ds nkSjku ykek;q# ls fuane nzks.kh esa lsLFkkukarfjr fd, x,A ß,d vU; 'kks/k&i= yn~nk[k fgeky; ds fuUne'kSylewg ls izkIr ek;kslhu ijkxk.kfod leqPp; rFkk bldh iqjki;kZoj.kij ;qxir vUro`Zf)Þ esa v/;;u fd, x, ijfe;u o ehlkstksbdchtk.kq&ijkxd.k rFkk fuEu ek;kslhu leqPp; esa fu/kkZfjr LokLFkkus ijkxk.kqla:iksa esa lefo"V ekbØksFkkbfj;kflvl] ,LdksLVªksesVks o f}ldks"kh ijkxd.kdh mifLFkfr dk izdV fd;k x;kA bu volknksa ds fu{ksi.k ds nkSjkum".kdfVca/kh; ls miks"k.k tyok;q de gqbZ gSA xq#thok'e tks fd xksEik dsyxHkx 500 ,u-,u-bZ- baMl lwpj eaMy esa ysg ds yxHkx 50 fdehnf{k.k&iwoZesa gsfel xksEik ls ,df=r fd, x,] dks yn~nk[k ls izkIr ,dubZ thok'e rkM+ iÙkh ,felksU;wjkWu gsfefl,fUll ds :i esa igpkuh xbZAfoLr`r v/;;u tkjh gSA fpdru ukyk o QksVqyk {ks=ksa ls uewuksa dk el`.kuiw.kZ fd;k tk pqdk gSA ek=kRed fo'ys"k.k] QksVksNk;kfp=.k o vk¡dM+ksa dkladyu tkjh gSA{ks=h; izs{k.k ds v/;;u ds vk/kkj ij ßmÙkj&if'pe Hkkjrh; fgeky;ds yn~nk[k esa DokVjujh HkwfoKku] foorZfud rFkk iqjk o orZeku lfjrk@fgekuhljksojh fu{ksiksa dk forj.kÞ fo"k; ij ,d 'kks/k&i= dks vafre :i fn;kx;kA mÙkj&if'pe Hkkjr ds ikj fgeky;h {ks= esa fLFkr ';ksd unh ?kkVhesa vla[; lqifjjf{kr lfjrk&ljksojh DokVjujh volkn fu{ksi gSaA lrr~volknu o >hy vk/kkj dh deh ds dkj.k vafre DokVjujh vof/k esaeksVs fu{ksi.k dk ifj.kke izkIr gqvkA djkdksje QkYV esa deh gksus ls] tksfd 10.7 ± 0.7 feeh@o"kZ ¼psokfy;j ,oa vU;] 2005½ dh nj ls nk;saik'ohZ; ifjorZu gS] ;g vuqeku yxk;k tkrk gS fd foorZfud@Hkwdaih;xfrfof/k ds dkj.k >hy dk ikuh cg x;k vkSj og {ks= iqu% bldhokLrfod unh ?kkVh voLFkk esa izkIr gks x;kA lrr~ lq/kkj o unh dVkods ;qXy izHkkoksa us bu fu{ksiksa dks >1000 eh- vukofjr fd;k gSA{ks= esa Hkwdaiuh;rk rFkk iwjs [k.M esa fofHkUu vUrjkyksa ij fLFkr ~50eh- eksVh vuqØe ds Hkwjklk;u] [kfutfoKku ,oa [kfut pqEcdh; v/;;uds izkjafHkd vk¡dM+ksa ds vk/kkj ij Å/okZ/kj 'kSy Li"V :i ls fn[kkbZ nsrhgS tks fd igq¡p ls nwj gS vkSj gtkjksa eh- xksyk'e laLrj eyos dh cgkols

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyßHkkjr ds yn~nk[k {ks= esa 'kSyksa dk ekSle % foorZfud o tyok;q dh;qxir vUroZ`f)Þ foÔ; ij ,d vU; 'kks/k&i= dks vafre :i fn;k x;kAfgehdj.k o fgenzo.k] nSfud rkieku fofo/krk rFkk rqÔkj fØ;k yn~nk[k{ks= esa ekSle ds izeq[k ek/;e gSaA f}rh; e`fÙkdk [kfut 'kSylewg vegRoiw.kZ gS egRoiw.kZ :i ls] vR;f/kd ekSleh voLFkk gksus ij Hkh FkksM+k ghjklk;fud ifjorZu gSA cfYd jklk;fud forj.k esa FkksM+h fofo/krk HkkSfrdfo?kVu o lhehr fi?kyko n~okjk ikuh vkiwfrZ ls iqu% forj.k ls lacaf/krgS tks fd FkksM+h jklk;fud fofo/krk mRiUu djrk gS ijUrq bldh ek=kbruh de gS fd ;g rRoksa dks yEch nwjh rd ugha ys tk ldrk gSA 'kq"d,oa mPp osx ok;q vo{ksi.kksa ds vfrfjDr fofHkUu voLFkkvksa esa ?kqys Hkkjus varjh;rk ekSleh uewuksa esa mPprk ls pkfyr rRoksa ¼Ca, Na½ dhvpkud vfHko`f) dk ladsr fd;kA dksaMªkbV dh feyrh&tqyrh izd`fr usvo;o 3 % dk"Bk'eksa esa o`n~f/k oy; v/;;u rFkk iqjktyok;q esa budh izklafxdrkvkj-b-bZ- in~/kfr;ksa dks lkekU; fd;k ftlls mlh iz.kkyh esa rRoksa ds iqu%forj.k esa leFkZu feyrk gSA ;|fi jklk;fud ekSle vuqekfurykbdsu@ekbØksc /kuk;u vo{ksfir vo'ks"k lkexzh mRiUu dj jgs gSa fdarqmudk forj.k bruk LFkkuh; gS fd ;g lexz la?kBu ij izHkko ugha MkyrkgSA fn, x, LFky ij lh-vkbZ-,- ds yxHkx leku eku izLRkkfor djrsgSa fd jhxksfyFk dqN ugha gS ijUrq tehu ij 'kSy ekWl gS rFkk jklk;fudifjiDork ds fdlh Hkh Lrj dks izkIr ugha fd;k gSA ;s lHkh fpõ Li"V :ils ladsr djrs gSa fd mUu;u o BaMh MstVZ tyok;q bl {ks= esa dsoy HkkSfrdekSleh fof/k;ksa dk leFkZu dj jgh gSaAjke vorkj] vuqie 'kekZ] jktho mi/;k; ¼19.07.2004 rd½],oa fcuhrk QfrZ;kynD[ku varjVsªih; rFkk fuvksthu dk"Bksa esa oy; o`f);ksa dh izkfIr ij vk¡dM+s laxzg iw.kZ fd, x,AtloUr flag xqysfj;kdksVk 'kSylewg dh v'ehHkwr dk"Bksa ij oy; o`f) v/;;u ls okfgfudh; fHkfÙk;ksa dh fofHkUu eksVkbZ dh iz.kkfy;k¡ izdkf'kr dh xbZA ifjf{krokfgfudh; dksf'kdkvksa ds vkdkj esa fofHkUurk lw{eeuksoSKkfud izHkko izLrkfor djrh gSA,- jtuhdkUrvo;o 4 % iykew dh pNkjh ?kkVh ds egqvkMk¡M+ laLrjksa dh ouLifrtkrh; fofo/krk rFkk ikfjfLFkfrdhizLrqr ouLifrtkrh; vk¡dM+s o dk;Z ds ladyu ds vk/kkj ij ifj.kkedk fuoZpu iw.kZ fd;k x;kA izkIr thok'e ifÙk;ksa ds rqyukRed v/;;u gsrqHkkjrh; okuLifrd losZ{k.k ¼e/; ldZy½] bykgkckn ds ikniky; dk HkhHkze.k fd;k x;kAth-ih- JhokLro ¼flrEcj 2004 rd½vo;o 5 % Ø-b- lw{en'khZ@la-b- lw{en'khZ izfof/k;ksa dh lgk;rk ls dukZVd ¼if'pe ?kkV½ ds ouLifrtkr dschtksa@Qyksa dk fØfIVd lajpukfoKku rFkk ikfjfLFkfrdh ij blds izHkkodkWeczhVslh dqy dh VfeZusfy;k dh dqN iztkfr;ksa ds Qyksa@chtksa dkØeoh{k.k bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ v/;;u iw.kZ fd;k x;kA lkekU;r% ;g ns[kktkrk gS fd ;s cht ,dy ;k ;qfXer] vkdkj esa yEcs&csyukdkj ;krdqvkuqek] eksVh dk"Bh; var% QyfHkfÙk dh NksVh xqfgdk esa jTtqd n~okjkyVds jgrs gSaA e/;QyfHkfÙk esa foHksnu ns[kk x;k gSA ;g n`f

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005fodflr gfjryod esa fyfiM ,oa LVkpZ d.k ¼QyfHkfÙk½gksrh gaSA dsUnzd nksgjh f>Yyh cukoV ds lkFk vkdkj esa xksy vaMkdkj gksrkgS( dsfUnzdk QyfHkfÙk ds fudV ns[kh tkrh gSA ØkseSfVu lkexzh dsUnz laca/khvkoj.k dh vUr% f>Yyh ls tqM+h ikbZ tkrh gSA fjfDrdk,¡ r:.k voLFkkvksaesa ns[kh ugha tkrh gSa ijUrq ifjiDo dksf'kdkvksa dh fjfDrdk,¡ fofHkUuvkdkjksa dh ns[kh tkrh gSaA layXu fjfDrdkvksa ds e/; foy;u ckjackj gksrkgSA dsUnzd dks e/; eas ;k Li'khZ; fHkfÙkvksa ds fudV ns[kk tkrk gSAifjiDo Qy esa] ckáQyfHkfÙk dh dksf'kdk,¡ eksVh fHkfÙk dh gksrh gSarFkk eksVh ukyhnkj mipeZ ls

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanycSaxk o xkasM tutkfr;ksa ds ekuo~ okuLifrd v/;;u ij ,d 'kks/k&i=dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA ikniky; MsVkcsl gsrq izdkf'kr lkfgR;ksa ls yxHkx8 ikni iztkfr;ksa ¼fo|eku o thok'e½ ds vk¡dM+s ,df=r fd, x,AyxHkx 112 ekStwn o thok'e ds 60 lacaf/kr uewus rFkk iqjkrRo&okuLifrduewuksa dk QksVks&çys[ku ,oa daI;wVj Ldsfuax Hkh dh tk pqdh gSAfnus'k pUnz lSuhvo;o 8 % Hkkjrh; >hy volknksa esa iqjktyok;qfod vfHkys[kkas ds fuoZpu gsrq ,d leLFkkfud ,oaHkwdkykuqØfedh; ifjizs{; rFkk ijkxk.kq vk/kkfjr lwpukvksa ls bldh lacn~/krkiqjktyok;q dk vFkZ vk¡dus gsrq yksdVd >hy ls ,df=r uewuksa ijdk;Z dks vafre :i fn;k rFkk ,d ikaMqfyfi rS;kj dh xbZ A bl ifj.kkels ijkxd.k vfHkys[kksa esa ekStwnk lk{;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ml {ks= esa yxHkx640 o"kZ igys 'kq"d voLFkkvksa ds tyok;oh ifjorZu dk ladsr feyrkgSA le; ds lkFk tyh; ouLifr ds izHkqRo esa deh dks ckn ds o"kksZa esa dkcZuls ukbVªkstu ds chy ds volknksa esa dkcZu@ukbZVªkstu dkvuqikr yksdVd uewus ls dqN vf/kd gSA bu uewuksa ij vkSj fo'ys"k.k tkjhgSAlh-,e- ukSfV;ky ,oa ,e-,l- pkSgkuvo;o 9 % DokVjujh ;qxhu HkwxHkhZ; rFkk iqjkouLifrd fo'ys"k.kksa ls lEcfU/kr fu{ksiksa dk jsfM;ksdkcZu vk;qfu/kkZj.k rFkk iqjki;kZoj.kh; ,oa iqjktyok;qfod v/;;uksa gsrq volknksa dk jklk;fud fo'ys"k.kjsfM;ks dkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k gsrq dqy 175 uewuksa dk çØe.k fd;k x;kgS ftlesa ,d vkWDt+fyd ,flM LVsaMMZ o N% ik'oZ uewus gSA muesa ls laLFkkuls 83 uewus gSa tcfd 12 uewus lg;ksx esa o 80 uewus Hkqxrku in~/kfr ijdkyfu/kkZj.k fd, x,A fQj Hkh mu lHkh uewuksa esa ls 20 uewuksa dk CO2dh vR;Yirk ds dkj.k dkyfu/kkZj.k ugha fd;k tk ldkA bl ifjfLFkfrus ,d fefuXykl ç.kkyh ¼Fig.1½ dks fMtkbu djus ds fy, mdlk;kftlls volkn uewus ¼yxHkx 150 fexzk-½ eas dkcZu inkFkZ dh y?kqek=kdks lqLi"V :i ls fu/kkZfjr fd;k tk ldsA ekis x, dkcZu inkFkZ mlh uewusds vkxs izØe.k gsrq fu/kkZfjr djus es lgk;rk djrk gSAlqfç; pØorhZ ¼,oa Vhe dk;Z½tSfod volkn esa dkcZu inkFkZ ds fu/kkZj.k gsrq la;a=26

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vo;o 10 % iqjki;kZoj.k v/;;uksa gsrq LFkkbZ leLFkkfud ekWl LisDVªeh iz;ksx'kkykLVscy vkblksVkWi jsfM;ks ekl LisDVªksehVjh yscksjVjh dh LFkkiuk gsrqvf/kd dher ds lkFk izLrko dks la'kksf/kr fd;k x;k gSA ;g izLrkfor fd;kx;k Fkk fd dsoy uewuk çØe.k iz;ksx'kkyk ¼:-3-4 yk[k dk½ O;oLFkkgks ldrh gS ijUrq ekl LisDVªksehVj dh ughaA bl iz;ksx'kkyk esa uewusçØe.k fd;s tk ldrs gS rFkk mudk fo'ys"k.k dgha vU; iz;ksx'kkyk esfd;k tk ldrk gS tgk¡ ij ekWl LisDVªksehVj gksAlqfç; pØorhZvo;o 11 % iqjkokuLifrd&Hkwjklk;fud iz;ksx'kkyk dh LFkkiukiz;ksx'kkyk dh LFkkiuk ds ekeys dh izkjafHkd ppkZ dh xbZ gS rFkk mldsi'pkr~ laLFkku dh vuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefr ds le{k izLrqr fd;k x;kAvuqla/kku lykgdkj lfefr us flQkfj'k dh fd dqN le; ds fy, blekeys ij vkxs u dh tk,Avuqie 'kekZvo;o 12 % HkweaMyh; HkweaMy&tSoeaMy ifjorZuksa ds vuqla/kku gsrq jk"Vªh; dsanzekpZ 2005 ds nkSjku gqbZ vkj-,-lh- cSBd esa vafre :i fn, x,izLrko dh ,d ckj iqu% ppkZ gqbZ Fkh rFkk ;g flQkfj'k dh xbZ fd blizLrko ij laLFkku ds lHkh lfØ; oSKkfudksa ds lkFk ppkZ esa v|ru fd;ktkuk gSA eSa bl dk;Z dh ,d lykgdkj gw¡ANk;k 'kekZbesfjVl oSKkfud ifj;kstukifj;kstuk % vafre fgeunh; vf/kdre ¼,y-th-,e-½ ls ouLifrtkrh; bfrgkl ,oa tyok;ohifjorZuksa ds iqufuZekZ.k ds fy, jktLFkku esa >hy volkn ijkxd.k fo'ysÔ.kkRedv/;;udsoyknso jk"Vªh; ikdZ ¼?kkuk½] Hkjriqj&?kkuk ls ,df=r ijkxd.kfo'ysf"kr 4.4 eh- xgjh ifjPNsfndk ds ijkxd.k vkjs[k rS;kj fd, x,Abl v/;;u ls bl ue Hkwfe dk #fpdj iwoZ bfrgkl izdV gqvk gSALFkkuh; fo'okl o miyC/k vfHkys[kksa ds vuqlkj ueHkwfe 300-400 o"kZls vf/kd iqjkuh ugha gS fdarq ijkxk.kfod vUos"k.kksa us iznf'kZr fd;k gS fdml LFky ij 20,000 o"kZ igys ;k mlls igys ,d cM+h >hy fo|eku Fkhtks fd vktdy ,d vxHkhj xÙkZ esa cny xbZ gSA ;g Hkh ladsr fd;k x;kgS fd Hkjriqj {ks= esa bl cM+h >hy dks Hkjus ds fy, i;kZIr o"kkZ FkhA cknesa] tyok;oh ifjorZu] bR;kfn ds dkj.k vxHkhj ls vxHkhj esa cny xbZAbl v/;;u ls ;g Hkh izdV gqvk fd izkjafHkd eksVkbZ okys ou ¼gksyksIVhykdh izeq[krk½ n`';ys[k ueHkwfe ds pkjksa vksj orZeku esa ns[ks x,NkM+&>a[kkM+ e; taxyksa es cny x, gaSAHkjriqj i{kh fcgkj ¼?kkuk½& mlh ueHkwfe {ks= ls ,d vU; 2.6 eh- xgjhVsªap ifjPNsfndk ls dqN uewuksa ds ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k us ijkxd.k@chtk.kqvksadk vPNk leqPp; iznku fd;k gSAeksrh >hy&?kkuk ueHkwfe ls yxHkx 2 fdeh- ij fLFkr eksrh >hy ls[kksnh xbZ 3.335 eh- xgjh Vsaªp ifjPNsfndk dk ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k fd;kx;k rFkk ijkxd.k vkjs[k rS;kj fd;k x;kA >hy ds {ks= esa vktdy [ksrhgksrh gSA ;g izdV gksrk gS fd piVh Hkwfe yxHkx 6000 o"kZ igys ;kmlls vf/kd igys ¼3 eh- xgjkbZ ij 5230 + 460 o"kZ iwoZ dk 14 Cdkyfu/kkZj.k½ ,d >hy FkhA;g laHkor% nwjorhZ iwoZ esa ¼ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k gsrq xgjs uewuk vo'ks"kksadks ,df=r djuk½ eq[; ?kkuk >hy ls vf/kd tqM+h gqbZ FkhA bl v/;;uus iznf'kZr fd;k gS fd yxHkx 6000 o"kZ igys ;g {ks= lokuk izdkj dhouLifr n~okjk f?kjk gqvk Fkk tks fd eq[;r% iks,lh] lkbisjslh] phuks@,El]mfVZdslh] czsLlhdslh] gksyksIVhfy;k] bR;kfn n~okjk fu:fir Fkk rFkk bldh?kkuk ijkxd.k vkjs[k ds Åijh Hkkx ls rqyuk dh tkrh gSAcM+k iq"dj ,oa QkW; lkxj ¼vtesj½ >hy LFkyksa ls ,df=r uewuksa dsizkjafHkd ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k ls izekf.kr fd;k x;k gS fd ifjPNsfndk,¡ijkxk.kfod :i ls moZj gSaA nks LFkyksa dk foLr`r ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.kkRedvUos"k.k dj ldrs gSaA lsaUFkky lkxj] jkexhy ,oa NijokM+k lkxj¼t;iqj½ LFkyksa ls izkjafHkd vUos"k.k ls vYi ijkxd.k moZjrk izdV gqbZgSANk;k 'kekZ27

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyvfrfjDr vuqla/kku ;ksxnkuNÙkhlx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005ladsr nsrs gSa fd lhekar leqnzh fLFkfr if'peh caxky ds chjHkwe ftys dsvarLFk rd chy volknksa esa /kku [ksr lwpdksa Mk;VeksarFkk pkoy vkSj ?kkl iknik'e dk v/;;u fd;kA v/;;uksa ls izrhr gksrkgS fd bl bykds esa pkoy dh [ksrh 7000 o"kZ bZ-iw- esa 'kq: gqbZA {k; dksmudh vR;ar izfrjks/kh izd`fr ds dkj.k xaxk nzks.kh ds 'kq"d bykdksa esachtkad iBu iqjktyok;fod ifjorZu ds fy, dk;kZfUor gks jgk gSAoanuk çlknnf{k.kh f'kyk¡x iBkj esa vafre isfy;kslhu vuqØe ls izkIr izokyh ykydod ds futkrh ,oa i;kZoj.k ij mudh ;qxir varo`Zn~f/k dk v/;;ufd;kA leqPp; fyFkksiksjsYyk] fyFkksFkkfEuvu] ehlksfQYye] LiksjksfyFkkWu]dksjfYyuk ,oa tkfu;k oa'k n~okjk fpf=r gSA bu izokyksa dh izpqjrk ,oafofo/krk ls ;g izrhr gqvk gS fd dod rIr mFkyh Hkwfe esa] m".kdfVca/kh;ls mim".kdfVca/kh; i;kZoj.k esa leǹ~f/k ikrs gSa rFkk leqnzh ty lk/kkj.kr%v'kkar] mTtoy ,oa LoPNFkkA, ds ?kksÔlkyfo;k Y;wdsaFkk dko-¼ysfe,lh½ rFkk blesa laHkkfordkj.k esa ik;s x;s ijkxd.kesa ijkxd.k fof'k"V voLFkkls lacaf/kr ij ,d vuqla/kku fVIi.k rS;kj fd;kA lkyfo;k Y;wdasFkk eSfDldks dk usfVo gS rFkk Hkkjresa fgeky; ds miks".k o 'khrks".k eaMyksa esa bls LoHkkfod cuk;k x;k gSAijkxd.k ds ijkxk.kq vkdkfjdh; vFkkZr~ ¼4 ls 11& dksYisV] LikbjsipqZjsV]MkbM o VªkbM½ iznf'kZr dj jgs dqekÅ¡ ls izkIr dh xbZ bldh ijkxk.kfodlkexzh esa vU; ijkxd.k ik'ku esa dbZ ijkxd.k Hkh iznf'kZr fd, gSaA xzkgho tfM+r ijkxd.k Hkh oSls gSa tSls fofHkUu izdkj ds gksrs gSaA ,d xzkgh esaizk;% ,d ijkxd.k gksrk gS ijUrq dHkh&dHkh 2-3 ;k vf/kd ijkxd.k HkhizkIr gksrs gSaA ,slh vk'p;Ztud voLFkk izkd`frd ugha gks ldrh ijUrqijkxk.kfod vUos"k.kksa gsrq :ffYy;ksa ds ,d izdkj esa eghu lajpuk Lrj ij mPprk ls Lrfjr Fkh tksfd tSofuEuhdj.k dh izfrjks/krk n'kkZrh gSAÅÔk cktisbZXyklxkso] Xyklxkso fo'ofon~;ky; n~okjk vk;ksftr iape varjkZ"Vªh;jsfM;ksdkcZu var% rqyuk ¼ohjh½ ds 'kks/k dk;Z ds rgr pkj uewus izkIr fd,x,A uewus filh tkS- ¼oh-vkbZ-vkj-vkbZ-&,-½] cht ¼oh-vkbZ-vkj-vkbZ-&ch-½ filh tkS- ¼oh-vkbZ-vkj-vkbZ-&lh½ ,oa vU; cht ¼oh-vkbZ-vkjvkbZ-&Mh-½fo'ysf"kr dj fy, x, gSa rFkk 'kh/kz gh fu"d"kZ Hkst fn;s tk,axsAlqfç; pØcrhZ29

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanylg;ksxkRed vuqla/kku dk;Zv:.kkpy çns'k ds if'peh fl;kax ftys ds Mkfjax&clj ekxZ ijbZxks&lsrq ds lehi vukofjr cDlk MksyksekbV ls lacaf/kr ysalksa o laLrfjrpVZ ls /kqzo.k ladjs [kaM esa ,d uohu tkfr lfgr 36 izdkj ds furyLFko Iyodh; :ih ¼lk;ukscSDVhfj;k] ,fØVkpZ~l rFkk ik= uqek lw{ethok'e½dkcZfud fHkfÙk lw{ethok'e dk ,d oSfo/; leqPp; lw{ethok'e izkIrgqvk gSA bl leqPp; esa] Øwdksdsfl,] ukWLVksdslh, o vkslhysVksfj,lh,laca/kh lk;uksthok.kq vo'ks"k ds 17 oxZd( LQs;jkseksfQZMk] LdsQkseksfQZMk oLQs;jksfgLVªhdkseksfQZMk milewgksa laca/kh ,fØVkdZ~l ds 18 oa'k rFkk ,dcrZuuqek lw{ethok'e ¼esykukslk;fjfYy;e gsDlksMkb,sMsek½ekStwn gSaA lw{ethotkr dk orZeku leqPp; mRrjnf{k.k ds vn~;ru izksVhjkst+ksbd@osafM;uvolknksa ds tkus&ekus leqPp; ls o dsanzh; e/; fgeky; ¼Hkkjr½ rFkklalkj ds vU; Hkkxksa esa blds led{kh; volknksa ls dk¡Vs dh rqyuk djrkgSA leqPp; esa furyLFk ,oa Iyodh; nksuksa :iksa dh ekStwnxh ysxwuh;Tokjh; likV n'kk esa fu{ksi.k n'kkZrs gSa] tcfd [kqys lkxj ds lkFk ;nk&dnklaidZ FkkAÅijh lqck¡fljh ftys ds dkesax {ks= o esaxk f[kM+dh esa cDlk MksyksekbVds /kzqoh; irys [kaMksa esa Hkh v[kfuthd`r Liats ekStwn gSaA bu Liatksa dhtkudkjh lafLFkfr ls igyh ckj nh xbZ gSA bu thok'e uewuksa ds leqPp;rhu rjg ds foyqIr Litksa dks n'kkZras gSaA orZeku :i ftuds i`"B 'kjhj ijcgqr ls NksVs Nsn gSa ,dy mRrjtarq gSa rFkk blls budk LFkkuu i.kZiksfjQsjk ¼fNnze;½ esa U;k;laxr gks tkrk gSA os dksf'kdh; Js.kh lajpukvksarFkk eqyk;e Årdksa esa ifjcn~/k dksf'kdkvksa ds

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005e/; çns'k ds [kaMok ds nD[ku cslkYVksa esa varVªsZih; ikni o tUrqvo'ks"kksa ij ,d 'kks/k&i= rS;kj fd;k x;kA vafdr thotkr vknzZ izsehe`nqdoph ¼Qkblk fizaflfi;kbZ½ o lw{ed'ks#fd;ksa ds vfrfjDr rkM+ dk"Bksao ifÙk;ksa ds vo'ks"k ¼ikWeksDlhykWu] ,felksU;wjkWu½] dodh; chtk.kqvksa]VsfjMksQkbVh chtk.kqvksa o 'kSokyh; Årdksa ,oa mPp ikniksa dksfu#fir djrk gSts-,l- xqysfj;k rFkk jf'e JhokLro [rFkk ds-,l- feJk- ¼th-,lvkbZ-]gSnjkckn½]ekrklq[k rFkk dk'kuÅ] ukxkSj] jktLFkku ls çkIr 'ksy o yxqMkaxkjuewuksa dk ijkxk.kfod v/;;u vkjaHk fd;k x;kA yxqMkaxkj uewuksa usvko`rchth ijkxk.kqvksa dh izeq[krk ;qDr izpqj o fofo/ke; leqPp; fn,gaSA ;g leqPp; fefy,lh dqy ls lacaf/kr ijkxd.k mPp ckjackjrk n~okjky{kf.kr gSA izkIr fd, x, ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkr if'pe jktLFkku dhckM+esj o chdkusj nzksf.k;ksa rFkk dPN ds ekrkukse/k 'kSylewg dh vafreisfy;kslhu o izkjafHkd bZvkslhu vuqØeksa ls vfHkfyf[kr fd, x, mulsutnhdh lekurk j[krs gSaA orZeku leqPp; ds vk/kkj ij ekgZ 'kSylewgdh v/;;u dh xbZ vuqØe dh vafre isfy;kslhu vk;q dkyfu/kkZfjr dhxbZ gSA ijkxk.kq iknik'eksa ds vf/kdrj vk/kqfud izfr:iksa dk orZekuforj.k m".kdfVca/kh; ls miks".k gSA,l-ds-,e- f=ikBh [rFkk ,l-lh- ekFkqj ¼ts-,u-ohfo'ofon~;ky;]tks/kiqj½]lqjbZ[kksyk ds f'kokfyd volknksa ls çkIrikni xq#thok'eksa ij ,d 'kks/k&i= dks vafre :ifn;k x;kA thok'eksa o fon~;eku oxZdksa ds e/;vkdkfjdh; y{k.kksa dh rqyuk ls izdV gksrk gS fdos 18 vko`rchth; o ,d VsfjMksQkbVh dqykas lslacaf/kr 31 çtkfr;ksa ds rqyuh; gSaA buesa ls 22çtkfr;k¡ Hkkjrh; miegkn~ohi ds Vf'kZ;jhouLifrtkr ds fy, ubZ gSaA lqjbZ[kksyk vuqØe dsfofHkUu laLrjksa ds ouLifrtkrh; leqPp; dsfo'ysÔ.k ls bafxr gksrk gS fd fuEu f'kokfyd'kSylewg ¼cadl o pksj[kksyk½ esa lnkgfjr lsv/kZlnkgfjr rRo gSaA e/; f'kokfyd ds fudVrFkk mifj f'kokfyd 'kSylewgksa ds izkjaHk esa blla?kVu esa i.kZikrh rRoksa esa o`n~f/k ns[kh xbZ gSAfofHkUu 'kSylewgksa dh ouLifr in~/kfr esa ;gifjorZu ek;ks&Iyk;kslhu ds nkSjku tyok;q voLFkkesa ifjorZu iznf'kZr djrk gSAegs'k izlkn [rFkk ,l-,e- ik.Ms ¼,e-,y-ds-dkyst] cyjkeiqj½]baMksusf'k;k ds tkok n~ohi ls izkIr dk"B v'ehHkwrksa dk iqjkokuLifrdv/;;u& fofHkUu {ks=ksa vFkkZr~ flMksdkWe] tsaVsax] xkscax] ikfljdsrqx] lsiaxflMuh Vsxy ,oa rsUtks ls ,df=r dk"Bksa esa ls yxHkx 50% dk"BfMIVsjksdkisZlh dh gSSA dqN dk"Bksa dh igpku Msyhuh ¼MsYyhfu,lh½] iksfy,YFkhvk¼,Uuksuslh½] VfeZusfy;k ¼dkEczhVslh½ vkSj ,uhlksIVsjk] fMIVsjksdkiZl]MªkbvkscsysukWIl] 'kksfj;k ¼fMIVsjksdkisZlh½] lk;uksfeVªk ¼QScslh½] rFkk ØksVksuesYyksVl ¼;qQksfcZ,lh ds :i esa dh xbZ gSA nks dk"B uewuksa eas dod laØe.kHkh ik;k x;k gSA vxyk dk;Z izxfr ij gSAjf'e JhokLro [rFkk ukWfjdks dkxseksjh o dkt+qvks VsjsMk ¼tkiku½ ,oa;kal eaMkax o lfiz gfMfoLkkL= ¼baMksusf'k;k½]Hkkjr ds f'kokfyd ,oa ueZnk ?kkfV;ksa esa gksfefuM v'ehHkwrksa ,oaf'kfyvksa dh [kkst&gFkukSM+k ,oa lehiorhZ {ks=ksa ds Hk`xq [kaMkas ls 37 uewus¼/kk¡lh ls 7] lwjtdqaM ls 26] cuSVk 'kSylewg ls 5½ ,df=r fd, x,Ach-lk-iq-la- esa lwjtdqaM 'kSylewg uewus ¼,l-,Q-&16½ ¼dkyfu/kkZj.k24,280 ±390 o"kZ iwoZ½ rFkk cusVk 'kSylewg ds vU; uewus ¼ch-,Q-&3o 4½ dh jsfM;ks dkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k vk¡dk x;kA ;g vuqeku yxk;k tkldrk gS fd 2,000 ls 24,000 o"kksZa iwoZ ds nkSjku ;s {ks= [kqyh ouLifrla?kfVr ?kklksa] psuksiksfM,lh@vejksaFkslh rFkk ,fLVjslh lfgr fojys fc[kjso`{kksa ¼flEiyksdkl o gksyksfIVfy;k½ ls f?kjk jgk gksxkA dqy feykdjouLifr leqPp; 'khr ,oa 'kq"d tyok;q fo/kku dh O;kidrk volknlap;u dh vof/k ds nkSjku dk lwpd gSA dPN rRoksa tSls izr`.k ¼lkbiSjslh½vkSj tyh; rRoksa iksVkeksxsVkWu o VkbQk ds lkFk iksyhxksue rFkk 'kSokyh;vo'ks"k ¼fLijkstk;jk o t+kbXusek½ dk vfHkys[k vUos"k.k dh txg dsfcYdqy utnhd tyk'k;ksa@rkykcksa@>hyksa ds fon~;eku gksus dk ladsr nsrkueZnk ?kkVh ls çkIr izkjafHkd DokVjujh iqjktyok;fod fu"d"kZgSA ;g ouLifr ukVdh; :ijs[kk rFkk laxr tyok;oh ?kVuk fiNyhfgeunh; vf/kdre izlax ds rqY; gS] tks fd 18,000 ls 22,000 o"kksZaiwoZ ds e/; lewps HkweaMy ij ns[kh xbZ gSA,e-vkj- jko [rFkk jktho iVuk;d ¼iatkc fo'ofon~;ky;] paMhx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanydfiy oLrq ftys ¼usiky½ esa yegh&usikyxat ekxZ ij jsgkj ds fudVif'peh rIr dqaM ij vukofjr f'kokfyd volknksa ls izkIr dqy 28 oa'k,oa 39 çtkfr;k¡] dod chtk.kqvksa o dksfufMvk izHkqRoh ,d leqPp; dslkFk&lkFk vuko`rchth;] VsfjMksQk;Vh rFkk vko`rchth; rRoksa dk ijkxk.kqfodvUos"k.k@f'kokfyd 'kSyksa ds volknu ds nkSjku ouLifr ds fuEu o"kkZ&izpqjou dh ?kVUkk izLrkfor gSA Hkkjr ,oa usiky ds fofo/k Hkkxksa esa ikbZ tkusokyh f'kokfyd ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr dh NksVh lh rqyuk ;g ekuus dklq>ko nsrh gS fd ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr dh vk;q vafre ek;kslhu gSA ijkxk.kqouLifrtkr dod chtk.kqvksa o dksfufMvk dh izHkqRoh ?kVuk ds dkj.k ,dm".kdfVca/kh; vknzZ tyok;q bafxr djrh gSA vtZqu[kksyk ,oa bldsfudVorhZ {ks=ksa dsanzh; usiky ds f'kokfyd volknksa dk ijkxk.kq Lrfjdv/;;u vafre :i nsus ds fy, tkjh jgkAlehj ljdkj [rFkk Jh dkWjfoul ¼usiky vuqla/kku dsanz] dkBekaMq]usiky½]tEew o d'ehj ds iq¡N ftys esa jktiqjk esa vukofjr lqckFkq 'kSylewgdk ijkxk.kfod vUosÔ.k iw.kZ fd;k x;kA vfHkfyf[kr ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkrleqPp; esa ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqfV;k¡] chtk.kq] ijkxd.k] 'kSokyh; rFkk dodh;vo'ksÔ lekfo"V gSaA bl leqPp; ds eq[; vo;o ek=kRed :i ls?kw.khZd'kkHk iqfV;k¡ gSaA dqN izeq[k oxZd gSa& gkseksVªkbfCy;e] XysQkbjksflLVk]dksMksZLQs;jhfM;e o vksidqZyksfMfu;eA ;s ijkxk.kq thok'e izkjafHkd bZvkslhuvk;q izLrkfor djrs gSaA bu ijkxk.kqthok'eksa ds lkFk&lkFk thok'e dhVksadks Hkh lqckFkq 'kSylewg ls izFke ckj vfHkfyf[kr fd;k x;k FkkA Å/keiqjftys ds eqFkky ds fudV vukofjr lqckFkq volknksa ls izkIr fd, x,fyvksLQs;fjfM;e oa'k ij Hkh vkykspukRed vkdkjofxZdh; fo'ysÔ.kfd;k x;k FkkAlehj ljdkj [rFkk th-,e- HkV~V ¼tEew fo'ofon~;ky;] tEew½]ijkxk.kqLrfjd foKku rFkk fgekpy izns'k ds f'kokfyd o lqckFkqvolknksa dk lzksr 'kSy laHkkfor v/;;u ,oa muds iatkc ds eSnkukas dsmii`"Bh; Vf'kZ;jh vuqØe ds lkFk lglaca/k ifj;kstuk ds flyflys esatkukSjh dq¡vk&2 ds 246 uewuksa ¼xgjkbZ 4285-90-10-20 ehVj½ dksdkcZfud izØfer fd;k x;kA 54 uewus ijkxk.kqfod moZj fln~/k gq, gSaAijarq ijkxk.kqv'ehHkwrksa eas uewus vR;ar ?kfV;k gSaA xgjkbZ Lrjksa% 3375-80eh-] 3540-45 eh-] 3625-30 eh-] 3705-10 eh-] 3725-30 eh- ,oa3730-35 eh- ds uewus ijkxk.kqv'ehHkwrksa esa vis{kkd`r cf

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005tyok;q o leqnz ry ifjorZuksa es pfØ;rk fn[kkbZA lkis{k leqnz ry mRFkkudks nks pØksa dks ijkxk.kq foKku & ¼i½∼ 4000 o"kZ iwoZ ,oa ¼ii½∼ 1800o"kZ iwoZ ¼vFkkr~ nwljh 'krkCnh bZ-½ dh lgk;rk ls vfHkfyf[kr fd, x,FksA eSaxzksoksa dh fuEu izfr'krrk n~ohi esa vYi tula[;k ;k fu{ksi.kh; LFkyls bldk nwjre nwjh dks izLrkfor djrh gSA nwljh 'krkCnh ds vUr eas ekuookl MsYVh; vfLFkjrk dks mRiUu djrk vkarfjf;d leqnz ds mrkj&phy ls xHkhjre ØksM lh- ,p-vkbZ-9 ¼7.80 eh-½ dk 11,245+180 o"kksZa iwoZ rkjh[k ls igys ijkxk.kqfo'ys"k.k iw.kZ fd;kA ikniksa dk ifjos'k&vk/kkjh izca/ku] ;Fkk ØksM o ifj/kh; xjku] e/; LFky] mifjHkwfe oxZd] viokgh dk lkaf[;dh; fo'ys"k.krFkk iqu% dk;Z oxZd dj fn, x, gSaA ifjPNsfndk ls izkIr fofo/kijkxk.kq:iksa dk lkis{k egRo n'kkZrs gq, ijkxd.k vkys[k cuk,A fofHkUuvU; e/;&vafre vaosf"kr gksykslhu ifjPNsnksa ¼ckyxk¡o] jkaHkk]ukykckuk] Mkaxey] HkkSokfuvk½ dk ijkxk.kfod ifj.kke lh-,pvkbZ-&9ds Åifj Hkkx ls lglaca/kh gks ldrk gSA lh-,p-vkbZ-&9 ifjPNsn esa ijkxk.kqfoKku ds lkFk HkwdkcZfud jlk;u ¼izksQs-Mh-MCY;w- tkNeku] ,d lg;ksxh n~okjk dk;kZfUor½ dh ;qfr izHkkohigq¡p fpYdk ds ty esa lqiks"k.k ,oa dkcZfud iznw"k.k ds lkFk irudh xjko laca/kh leL;k esa lgk;d fln~/k gksxhA vU; ØksM ¼lh-,pvkbZ-&51½ls vkB uewus dkcZfudh izØfer fd, x, gSa tks fd >hy lsMkW- JkQ ,oa izksQs- ,e- eksgUrh n~okjk Hkh ,df=r fd, x, FksAvk'kk [k.Msyoky [rFkk cq[kkZMZ JkQ ¼;w-ih-tsM- i;kZoj.kvuqla/kku dasnz] teZuh½]lar dchj uxj ftys ¼m-iz-½ ds ygqjknsok >hy ls ,d 2.8 eh-xHkhj[kand ifjPNsn dk ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k iw.kZ fd;kA v/;;u us n'kkZ fn;k gSfd 9,500-8,700 o"kksZa iwoZ ds vkl&ikl [kqyh ouLifr esa eq[;r% 'kkfey?kkl] izr`.k] vkfVZfeft;k] phuks@,e- fc[kjs isM+ksa ds lkFk vFkkZr~ gksyksfIVfy;k],xfy ekjesyksl rFkk VfeZusfy;k bl {ks= esa 'khr o 'kq"d tyok;q es gqbZa8,700-5,700 o"kksZas iwoZ ds e/;] dqN vkSj o`{kksa tSls ckWEcsDl] ,EcfydkvkWfQflusfyl] ystjLVªksfe;k us tyok;q lq/kkj dh vuqfØ;k esa [kqyhouLifr dks vkØkar fd;kA lsjhfy;k o vU; laoa/kZu ijkxd.k dh iqu%izkfIr {ks= esa [ksrh dk;Ziz.kkyh izkjaHk dks bafxr djrh gSA 5,700 2,600o"kksZa iwoZ ds vkl&ikl gksyksfIVfy;k] VfeZuksfy;k] e/kqdk] bafMdk] bR;kfnds lkFk ckWEcsDl dk fopkj.kh; foLrkj ue tyok;oh fLFkfr esa ouksa dso`{klewgksa dh ifjdYiuk LFkkfir djrk gSA 2,600-1,400 o"kksZa iwoZ dse/;] tyok;q T;knk ue gks xbZ tSlkfd iknifon~;k fofo/krk es ouksa dso`{klewgksa ds lao/kZu n~okjk HkyhHkk¡fr bafxr fd;kA 1400 o"kksZa iwoZ ls ouksads o`{k lewg ue dh rqyuk esa de ue tyok;q ifjorZu dh otg ls fc[kjsgks x,A,e-,l- pkSgku rFkk ,-ds- iks[kfj;k [rFkk vkj- frokjh ¼m-izjkT;iqjkrRofoKku ,oa vkbZ-ch- flag ¼y[kuŽ]fofn'kk ftys esa ¼e-iz-½ n~forh; 'krkCnh o"kksZa iwoZ fnukafdr izkphutykxkjksa ds rhu volknh ØksMksa ftuesa 4 nsojktiqj ¼1.12-3.08 eh-½vkSj rhu izR;sd ukxkSjh ¼0.23-1.38 eh-½ ,oa djkSaMhg ¼0.21-1.72 eh-½iqjkrRo LFky ds utnhd vofLFkr 10 uewuksa dk ijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k fd;kx;kA ijkxd.k leqPp; us [kqyh ouLifr ftlesa ?kkl] cFkqvk] vkLVsjslhds lkFk e/kqdk bafMdk] ystjLVªks;k] VfeZuksfy;k csafjxVksfu;k] flt+hft;e]bR;kfn ds fc[kjs isM+ksa dh ekStwnxh volkn fu{ksi.k ds nkSjku fpf=r dhgSA isM+ksa dh vYi ek=k izkphu vf/kokfl;ksa n~okjk viuh fofHkUu t:jrksadks iwjk djus esa ouksa ds 'kks"k.k vkjksfir djsxhA vukt ,oa vU; ijkxd.koxZd laLd`fr ls izkIr lk{;ksa ds eqrkfcd lHkh {ks=ksa esa xgu d`f"k&in~/kfrgqvk djrh FkhA tyh; ikniksa dh ijkxd.k dh cgqy ekStwnxh vFkkZr~iksVkeksxsVkWu] ysEuk] VkbQk bR;kfn ,oa vyo.kty 'kSoky n'kkZrs gSa fdtykxkj vkdkj esa cgqr fo'kky FksA,e-,l-pkSgku [rFkk tqfyvk 'kk ¼vkWDlQksMZ] baXySaM½]Vªk¡l fgeky;h {ks= ds yn~nk[k dh ykek;q: iqjk>hy dh 125 eh- xgjhifjPNsfndk ls fd, x, ijkxk.kfod fo'ys"k.k ls vafre fgekuh vof/k dse/; Hkkx ds nkSjku ouLifr dh rqyuk esa tyok;q ifjorZuksa ds vLFkkbZvuqØe ds nh?kZ fopkj izkIr gksrs gSaA ;g ifjPNsfndk vafre fgekuh ;qx dseq[; Hkkx dks lekfgr djrh gS tcls blds vk/kkj dks yxHkx dkyfu/kkZfjr14C 35 fd- o"kZ iwoZ fu/kkZfjr fd;k x;k gSA bl v/;;u ls iznf'kZr gksrkgS fd fy, x, LVsi esa o`{kksa ;k >kM+hnkj oxZdksa dk izokl esa yxHkx 35fd- o"kZ fy, x, rFkk ckn dh vof/k es tc tyok;q igys dh rqyukes de 'kq"d Fkh o blds ckn yxHkx 22 fd- o"kZ iwoZ vf/kd i{kh;tyok;oh voLFkkvksa ds vUrxZr fQj c

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyflfDde fgeky; ds ,sfjdslh ls ,df=r jgksMksMsUMªkWu oa'k ds ik¡pchtksa dk lw{evkd`frd y{k.k vUosf"kr fd;kA vkj- dSaihyksdkiZe ckâ~;nhokjksa ij ?kuh O;ofLFkr xrksZa ds lkFk lqO;ofLFkr dVd ,oa [kk¡psa n'kkZrhgS] vkj- flfy;kVe ij fc[kjh gqbZ xrsZ gSa vkj- MygkSth ij dVh iV~VhtSlh xrsZ gSa] vkj- XykWdksfQYye ij vkj- dSaihyksdkiZe dh rjg ?kuh fdarqvkd`fr esa y?kq xrsZ gSa vkSj vkj- fxzQhfFkvkue vuqnS/;hZ NksVh O;ofLFkrxrsZa n'kkZrh gSa ofxZdhfoKku gsrq jgksMksMsUMªku oa'k esa vkadMk egRoiw.kZ gSAÅ"kk cktisbZ [rFkk lanhi dqekj ¼th-ch- iUr laLFkku] xaxVksd½]mipeZ f>Yyh ds Øeoh{k.k bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ v/;;u us :Vslh dqyls lacaf/kr flVªl oa'k dh iztkfr esa lqLi"V ifjorZu iznf'kZr fd;k gSAdksf'kdkvksa dk vkdkj vfu;fer] rjafxr ;k fpduh viufrd fHkfÙk;ksads lkFk cgqHkth; ls iapHkqth; ls ifjofrZr djrk gSA eksVh fHkfÙk dksf'kdkvksadk lewg mifLFkr gS tks fd dqN iztkfr;ksa dh la[;k esa ifjorZu djrk gSAfupyh lrg ij ;k fdukjs ij dsoy Vªkbdksel mifLFkr gSaAÅ"kk cktisbZ [rFkk lh-,y- oekZ ¼y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;½]fdUukSj ¼fgekpy çns'k½ ds lkaxyk ds iqjk>hy fu{ksi ls ,df=r 1.2eh- volkn ifjPNsfndk ls ijkxd.k fo'ysÔ.k] C/N vuqikr o δ 13C om ls bl {ks= dh fiNyh 9800 oÔksZa ds Åij tyok;oh bfrgkl dhizkfIr gksrh gSA 4000 dsy- o"kZ iwoZ rd C/N vuqikr ls bafxr gksrh gSAfd dkcZfud inkFkZ tyh; mRiknu ls izeq[k :i ls FksA ;g Hkh ijkxd.kn~okjk lefFkZr gS tc tyok;q m".k&vknzZ FkhA mlds i'pkr~ >hy dk ry]xzh"e ekulwu o"kkZ esa ?kVko ds dkj.k] fxjuk vkjaHk gqvkA >hy ry esa bl?kVko dks dkcZfud inkFkZ ds dkcZu leLFkkfud vuqikr esa O;Dr fd;k x;kgSA ftlus + 2% ifjorZu n'kkZ;kA ;g og le; gS tc vf/kdre miyC/kvk¡dM+ksa ds gksrs gq, δ 13 C om us -23% dk eku izkIr fd;kA rr~i'pkr>hy dqN 'kq"d ,oa vknzZ pj.kksa esa yxHkx 1000 dsy- o"kZ iwoZ rd uhpspyh xbZ vkSj 'kq"d pj.k ds mn~xeu ds dkj.k yxHkx 800 dsy- o"kZiwoZ iw.kZ:i ls lw[kh ikbZ xbZA ijkxd.k vk¡dM+ksa esa ;g Hkh iznf'kZr gksrk gSAtc phuksiksfM,lh dqy ds lkFk phM+ ijkxd.k vpkud chy ds volknh ØksM ds 10 uewuksa dk ijkxd.kfo'ys"k.k fd;k x;kA blls o`{kh; fp=.k dqat izdkj dh ouLifr ijvo`{kh; dh iz/kkurk mtkxj gqbZ gSA fons'kh oxZd tSls&ikbul] ,Yul Hkhfeys gSaA vkxs v/;;u tkjh gSANk;k 'kekZ [rFkk jktho flUgk ¼Hkkjrh; izkWn~;ksfxdh laLFkku] dkuiqj½]dchj uxj ds c[khjk rky esa ,d 1.4 eh- xgjh ifjPNsfndk dkijkxd.k fo'ys"k.k iwjk fd;k x;kA izkjafHkd vUos"k.kksa ls mtkxj gksrk gSfd ;g >hy ijkxk.kfodh moZj gSA bl >hy ds mi;qDr LFky ls vkSj xgjhifjPNsfndk ls foLr`r ijkxk.kfod vUosÔ.k fy, tk ldrs gSaANk;k 'kekZ [rFkk ih-,u- lkgk ¼,u-vkj-,l-,-] y[kuŽ]ehlk rky ifjPNsfndk ij ße/; xaxk ds eSnku ij fiNys nks lglzkfCn;ksads nkSjku fVdkÅ d`f"kiz.kkyh dk e`nk dVkoÞ fo"k; ij ,d 'kks/k&i= dksvafre :i fn;k x;kA ijkxd.k vfHkys[kksa ls izdV gqvk gS fd ;g {ks=de o"kZ dk vuqHkoh gS rFkk d`f"k dk vf/kdkjh gS tSlk fd 2000 ls 1850o"kZ iwoZ ds nkSjku o`{kksa ds vYi ijkxd.k] tyh; ,oa laLd`fr oxZdksa lsfu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gSA 1850 rFkk 300 o"kZ iwoZ ds e/;] o`{kksa esa lq/kkj]tyh; ,oa laLd`fr ijkxd.k oxZd o"kkZ rFkk d`f"k djus esa o`f) dks izdVdjrk gSA 300 o"kZ iwoZ ls vkxs] ijkxd.k lk{; n~okjk rFkk d`f"k le`f}esa deh dk fu"d"kZ fudkyk x;k gSANk;k 'kekZ rFkk ,e-,l- pkSgku [rFkk vkbZ-ch- flag ¼y[kuŽ] vkjoklu]dsucjk] vkLVªsfy;k½ rFkk ,-ds- fla?koh ¼ih-vkj-,y-] vgenkckn½]ßHkkjr esa xaxk ds eSnkuksa ds lubZ >hy fu{ksiksa esa ekulwu fofo/krk]ouLifr rFkk ekuo fuokl ds lglaca/kh izek.kÞ foÔ; ij ,d 'kks/k&i=dks vafre :i fn;k x;kA bl LFky ls ijkxd.k] leLFkkfud] Hkwjklk;fudv/;;u ls 15000 ls 18000 o"kZ iwoZ ds nkSjku e/; xaxk ds eSnku esa'kq"d tyok;oh voLFkk,¡ vafdr dh xbZ gSaA yxHkx 13000 ls 5800 o"kZiwoZ esa chydh LFkkiuk dh tSlk fd m".k&vkdf"kZr tyh; ikniksa o fuEu O 18 ekuksads c

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005izk;ksftr ifj;kstuk,¡ifj;kstuk& ijkxk.kfod ,oa o`{k&oy; vk¡dM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls xaxks=hfgeun {ks=] x

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanydksysVksfVªde rqyuk dsifllh] bfjlhQs çtkfr mUlhuqyk çtkfr]ÝsxeksFkkbjkVht bZvkslhfudk ,oa Xyksel çtkfrA bu dodh rRoksa dhmifLFkfr Mk;uklkWjksa dh [kkn~; vknr ,oa i;kZoj.k dk irk pyrk gSAblls vuqeku yxrk gS fd Mk;uklkWj m".kdfVca/kh;&mim".kdfVca/kh;voLFkkvksa ds jgrs gksaxsA 'kkgiqjk] iMokj o rFkk uewus ,df=r fd, x,Ajru djifj;kstuk& mPpfoHksnu o`{k&oy; vk¡dM+ksa dh lgk;rk ls izkIr if'pehfgeky; esa nh?kkZof/kd tyok;oh ifjorZu ¼fo- çkS- fo-] ubZ fnYyh n~okjkçk;ksftr] la[;k bZ-,l-@48@ vkbZ-lh-vkj-ih-@ 005@2001 fnukad23 ekpZ 2002½fgekpy izns'k esa ykgkSy ,oa Lihfr ftys ls {ks=h; nkSjs ds nkSjku ebZ&twuesa flMªl nsonkj rFkk tquhisjl esØksiksMk ds o`{koy; uewus dks latks;kAoy; Øeksa dh o`n~f/k ds ijLij dkyfu/kkZj.k ds fy, uewus çØfer fd,x,A 45 [ktwjh nsonkj uewuksa dh oy; pkSM+kb;k¡ ukih xbZa rFkk o`{k&oy;dkykuqØfedh dh rS;kjh gsrq fo'ysf"kr fd, x,Avkj-vkj- ;kno] t;sanz flag ¼25.8.2005 rd½] jkts'k prqosZnh¼25.6.2004 rd½ rFkk ds-th- feJk ¼uoacj 2004 ls½ifj;kstuk& ijkx rFkk o`{k oy; vk¡dM+k dk iz;ksx djrs gq, fiNys dbZgtkj o"kksZa ds nkSjku iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr esa tyok;q ifjorZu dk fo'ys"k.k¼fo-çkS-fo-] ubZ fnYyh n~okjk izk;ksftr la- ,l-vkj-@,l 4@bZ- ,l-&15@2002½v:.kkpy çns'k ls ,df=r dh xbZ mi v'ehHkwr dk"B ds fo'ys"k.kij vk/kkfjr ifjorZu'khy dkykuqØe dh rS;kjh izxfr ij gSA fuEulqck¡flfj ftys ds rsYyh ?kkVh ls izkIr Vh lqxk Mqekslk ¼Mh-MkWu½ bpyjoy; dkykuqØe dks 1421 bZ-ls c

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005lEekujkgqy xxZ,u&lh&,&vks&vkj xksok n~okjk 13oas ,oa 14osa vaVkdZfVdk vfHk;kudh ifj;kstukvksa ds p;u gsrq Hkw&foKku rFkk fgekuhdh gsrq fo"k;&fo'ks"kKvkeaf=rAtloUrflag xqysfj;kQjojh 2005 esa vejkorh ¼,e-,l½ esa vk;ksftr laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krkds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ lfgr ikni foKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ijvarjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu ds rduhdh l= ds v/;{kAvk'kk [k.MsyokyHkkjrh; ok;qtSfod lkslk;Vh dh QSyks fuokZfprA tuojh&Qjojh2005 esa foKku laLFkku] ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr 13ok¡ ok;qthofoKku ijjk"Vªh; lEesyu ds rduhdh l= dh v/;{kkAfcfurk QfrZ;kylaLFkku esa ¼oSKkfud ^,* Js.kh esa½ mÙke 'kks/k dk;Z gsrq ^MkW- pqUuhykydfFk;ky ind rFkk iz'kfLr i=&2004* ls lEekfurA,e-vkj- jko04-06 uoEcj 2004 ds nkSjku HkwfoKku foHkkx] caxykSjfo'ofon~;ky;] caxykSj }kjk vk;ksftr vuqØe Lrfjdh foKku ij jk"Vªh;dk;Z'kkyk gsrq fonX?k O;fDr vkeaf=rAjkds'k lDlsuktuojh 2005 esa pSUubZ esa vk;ksftr HkkSfedh rFkk i;kZoj.k ij jk"Vªh;laxks"Bh ds l= -IV esa MkW- jktho fuxe n~okjk ^gksykslhu ;qx ds nkSjkuleqnzh volknksa ij vk/kkfjr tyok;oh ifjorZu'khyrk* fo"k; ij fn, x,egÙoiw.kZ O;k[;ku ds v/;{kA30.09.2004 dks lsokfuo`Ùk] MkW- th-ih- JhokLro oSKkfud ^bZ*] lkfFk;ksa ds lkFk37

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanylfefr;ksa@ifj"knksa esa izfrfuf/kRot;Jh cSujth! mik/;{kk] n~ isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh] y[kuÅA! eq[; laiknd n~ isfy;ksckWVfuLVAjkgqy xxZ! lnL;] dk;Zdkjh lfefr] n~ isfy;kWUVksykWftdy lkslk;VhvkWQ bafM;kA! lnL;] lEiknd e.My] tuZy vkWQ n isfy;kWUVksykWftdylkslk;Vh vkWQ bf.M;kA! lEiknd] ftvksQkbVksykWthAjes'k dqekj lDlsuk! lfpo] n isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh] y[kuÅA! lnL;] lEiknd e.My] ftvksQkbVksykWthA! lfpo ,oa lnL;] lEiknd e.My] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud lkslk;VhAeukst 'kqDy! dksÔk/;{k] n~ isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh] y[kuÅA! lnL;] dk;Zdkjh ifj"kn~] n~ isfy;ksckWVfudy lks;k;Vh vkWQbafM;klnL;] vkbZ-th-lh-ih-&493] osfUM;u ck;ksVk dkmRFkku ,oa iruA! tt] jk"Vªh; Lrj ij jk"Vªh; cky foKku dk¡xzsl&2004] y[kuÅAvf'ouh dqekj JhokLro! iz/kku lEiknd] n isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh] y[kuÅA! lnL;] lEiknd e.My rFkk dks"kk/;{k] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfudlkslk;VhA! lnL;] jk"Vªh; vk;kstu lfefr] laj{k.k es tSofofo/krk dsegÙods fo'ks"k lanHkZ lfgr ikni foKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ijvUrjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh ¼Qjojh] 2005½AvpZuk f=ikBh! lnL;k] ,ØhVkdZ mivk;ksx] deh'ku b.Vjus'kuy MhekbØks+yksjk M~;w isfy;kstksbdA! lnL;k] chtk.kq&ijkxd.k dk;Zcy] lh-vkbZ-,e-ih-A! lnL;k] MCY;w-vks-,l-,] fo-izkS-fo- gsrq e`nk ,oa i;kZoj.kfoKku fo"k;d fo"k; fo'ks"kK lfefrAfot;k! ernk;h lnL;k] V ªk;fld Lrfjdh ij vUrjkZ"Vªh; vk;ksxA! lnL;k] jk"Vªh; dk;Zcy] vkbZ-th-lh-ih- ifj;kstuk&434AÅ"kk cktisbZ! lnL;k] dk;Zdkjh lfefr] Hkkjrh; bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ lkslk;VhA! lnL;k] izcU/ku ifj"kn] Hkkjrh; ijkxk.kqLrfjdhfon~ ,lksfl,'kuA! lnL;k] mÙkj izns'k i;kZoj.k izfr"Bku dh rduhdh lykgdkjlfefrAvk'kk [k.Msyoky! lnL;k] lEiknd e.My] bf.M;u tuZy vkWQ,;jksck;ksykWthA! lnL;] varjkZ"Vªh; ok;qtSofoKku la?k] vejhdkAclUr dqekj feJ! lnL;] Hkkjrh; ekud C;wjks] Bksl [kfut bZa/ku ifjPNsnlfefr&ih-lh-Mh-&7A! la;qDr lfpo] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud lkslk;VhApUnzeksgu ukSfV;ky! la;qDr la;kstd] f'k{kk lfefr] jk"Vªh; cky foKku dkaxszl &2004A! egklfpo] jkT; leUo; lfefr] jk"Vªh; cky foKku dkaxszl] -2004A! lnL;] oSKkfud tkx:drk o"kZ & 2004 gsrq m-ç- jkT;lfefrAvUuejktq jtuhdkUr! lgk;d lEiknd] n isfy;ksckWVfuLVA! lEiknd] ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVjA! lnL;] jk"Vªh; dk;Zcy] vkbZ-th-lh-ih- & 435A! lnL;] jk"Vªh; dk;Zcy] vkbZ-th-lh-ih- &506A! lnL;] vuqla/kku lykgdkj cksMZ] ,-ch-vkbZ- ,u-lh-] ;w-,l-,-Ajke vorkj! ikÔZn] dk;Zdkjh ifjÔn] n~ isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh]y[kuÅA38

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005jkds'k lDlsuk! lnL;] i'p lqukeh iquokZl n`';ys[k ij iSuy ppkZ] psUubZAeqdqan 'kekZ! lgk;d lEiknd] n isfy;ksckWVfuLVA! la;qDr lfpo] n~ isfy;ksckWVfudy lkslk;Vh vkWQ bafM;k] y[kuÅA! laoknh lnL;] varjkZ"Vªh; dk;Zcy] vkbZ-th-lh-ih--493A! lEiknd] ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVjApapyk JhokLro! lnL; vk;kstu lfefr] la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu & 2004%Hkkjrh; iqjkrkfRod lkslk;Vh] Hkkjrh; iwoZ&,frgkfld ,oaDokVjujh foKku lkslk;Vh] Hkkjrh; bfrgkl ,oa lkaLd`frdlkslk;Vh] y[kuÅAjke jru ;kno! lEiknd] ftvksQkbVksykWthA:isUnz ckcw! laoknh lnL;] vUrjkZ"Vªh; dk;Zcy] vkbZ-th-lh-ih- -493Avk'kk xqIrk! lnL;k] lEiknd e.My] +yksjk ,.M QkWukA! lnL;] dk;Zdkjh lfefr] vUrjkZ"Vªh; lkaLd`frd lainktSofuEuhdj.k ifj"kn~A! lnL;] dk;Zdkjh lfefr] lkslk;Vh QkWj IykaV fjlpZAT;ksRluk jk;! lnL;] vfHkfu.kkZ;d] 12oha jkT; Lrj ij cky foKku dkaxszl¼cgjkbp½A! lnL;] vfHkfu.kkZ;d] 12oha jkT; Lrj ij cky foKku dkaxzsl¼y[kuŽAch-Mh- flag! lg;ksxh lnL;] vUrjkZ"Vªh; dks;yk ,oa tSo 'kSy foKku ifj"kn~¼vkbZ-lh-lh-ih-½Avatqe Q+k:dh! dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;k] i;kZoj.kh; ouLifrfonksa dh vUrjkZ"Vªh;lkslk;Vh] ,u-ch-vkj-vkbZ-] y[kuÅAvfer dqekj ?kks"k! p;fur lnL;] izcU/ku lfefr] ckW;t+ ,aXyks caxkyh baVj dkWyst]y[kuÅA! tt] ftyk Lrj ij cky foKku dkaxzsl & 2004] ih-,evkbZdkWyst¼fodkl uxj½] y[kuÅA! tt] jkT; Lrj ij cky foKku dkaxzsl & 2004] foKku Hkouy[kuÅA;ksxsUnz izrki flag! iSuy tt] ¼oSc fot+kMZ bosUV vkWQ eSdQs;j] lh-,e-,l-]y[kuÅ ¼vxLr] 2004½Auh: izdk'k! tt] 12oha jkT; Lrj ij jk"Vªh; cky foKku dkaxzsl ¼cgjkbp½A39

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyvf'ouh dqekj JhokLro• Hkkjr ls vafre isfy;kstksbd ikni thok'e leqPp;] ouLifrfoKkuesa uohu izo`fr;ksa ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu] pUnziqj ¼19 fnlEcj]2004½AxtsUnz izrki JhokLro• vko`rchth oxhZdj.k ij 12 O;k[;kuksa dh ,d Ja[kyk] y[kuÅfo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅ ds ,e-,l-&lh- ouLifrfoKku foHkkx dsfo|kfFkZ;ksa gsrqApUnzeksgu ukSfV;ky• fganh esa tu:fp foKku ys[ku] fgUnh dk;Z'kkyk] ch-,l-vkbZ-ih-¼20 ebZ] 2004½A• eaxy xzg ij ekuo dh nLrd ¼jsfM;ks okrkZ½] foKku Hkkjrh dkjk"Vªh; pSuy ¼26 ebZ] 2004½A• ohul Vªkaft+V] cky fo|k eafnj] y[kuÅ ¼8 twu] 2004½A• foKku ifj;kstuk,¡] fodkl@vkj-oh-ih-,l-ih- ¼fo-izkS-fo-½ n~okjkjk"Vªh; cky foKku dkaxzsl ij iqujh{k.k dk;Z'kkyk] bykgkckn ¼12-13 vxLr] 2004½A• fganh esa O;ogkj] d`Hkdks] y[kuÅ ¼28 flrEcj] 2004½A• oSKkfud vfHko`fÙk dk eki rFkk ek=kRed ewY;kadu] oSKkfud vfHko`fÙk%ehfM;k ds egÙo ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj¼29-30 uoEcj] 2004½A• foKku lapkj ¼2 O;k[;ku½ ih-,- ;wuhoflZVh] yqf/k;kuk ¼13-14tuojh] 2005½A• iqjkouLifrfoKku esa HkkSfrdh] ,y-ch-,l- ijkLukrd dkWyst] xksaMk¼4 Qjojh] 2005½Auhjtk >k• pV~Vkuksa dh vk;q crkrs ijkxd.k rFkk chtk.kq] cky fo|k eafnjlhuh;j lsdsUMjh Ldwy ¼pkjckx½] y[kuÅAvk'kk [k.Msyoky• ijkxd.k izR;wtZrk] lsaV tksal dkWyst] vkxjk ¼13 flrEcj] 2004½AT;ksRluk jk;• D;ksa vkrs gSa HkwdEi] vkWy bafM;k jsfM;ks] y[kuÅAjkds'k lDlsuk• dks;yk ,oa rsy ÅtkZ] ¼eq[; oDrk½] fd'ku mPprj ek/;fedfo|ky;] xksaMk ¼23 tuojh] 2005½A• dks;yk ,oa yxqMkaxkj ¼4 O;k[;ku]½ HkwfoKku foHkkx] iatkcfo'ofo|ky;] paMhx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005ckgj ds oSKkfudJh th-,l- JhokLro] iwoZ miegkfuns'kd] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k• HkkSfedh MkVk lap; izca/ku ¼jk"Vªh; izkS|ksfxdh fnol O;k[;ku(11 ebZ] 2004½AizksQ+slj ts-lh- diwj] dk;ZØe funs'kd] Hkkjrh; yksd iz'kklulaLFkku] ubZ fnYyhA• bZ&xousZUl% laHkkouk,¡ rFkk ck/;rk ¼20 vxLr] 2004½AMkW-fofy;e jkbZV] ysekW.V MkWgsVhZ vFkZ vkCtosZVjh] U;w;kdZ] ;w-,l-,-A• o`{k&oy;ksa ls ,f'k;u ekulwu fofo/krk dk iqufuekZ.k% ,d u;kvkjEHk ¼03 uoEcj] 2004½AMkW- VksekLt ftyksadk] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku] ØsLdks] iksyS.MA• ;wjksi esa ou xfrdh dks le>us esa o`{k&oy; v/;;u dk vuqiz;ksx¼19 uoEcj] 2004 ½AizksQslj psax&lsu yh rFkk izksQslj ;w&Qh ok¡x] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku]phuhfoKku vdkneh] chftax] phuA• phu esa tyok;q] ouLifr rFkk izkd`frd n`';% orZeku rFkk HkwriwoZvoLFkk,¡ ¼14 fnlEcj] 2004½AizksQ+slj ts-lh- diwj dk;ZØe funs'kd] Hkkjrh; yksd iz'kklu laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh] bZ&xousZUl%laHkkouk,¡ rFkk ck/;rk ¼20 vxLr] 2004½ ij O;k[;ku nsrs gq,41

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyns'k&fons'k esa izfrfu;qfDr@izf'k{k.k@v/;;u@Hkze.kjkds'k pUnz esgjks=kvçSy&ebZ] 2004 ¼,d ekg½ ds nkSjku phuh oSKkfudksa ds lkFkoSKkfud lg;ksx dks l'kDr djus gsrq izksQslj psax&lsu yh ds vkea=.k ijouLifrfoKku laLFkku] phuh foKku vdkneh] chftax dk Hkze.k fd;kAt;Jh cSujth] xtsUnz çrki JhokLro] vpZuk f=ikBh ,oa Hkxoku nklflag25-29 ebZ] 2004 ds nkSjku lfpo ¼foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh foHkkx½ds vkea=.k ij jkaph dk Hkze.k fd;k vkSj >kj[k.M jkT; ds ekuuh;eq[;ea=h ds lEeq[k chjcy lkguh Lekjd foKku dsUnz ¼lkfgc xat esa½ ,oaQkWfly ikdZ ¼ekUnzksa esa½ fodflr djus gsrq laLFkku dk çLrko izLrqr fd;kAvk'kk xqIrtqykbZ] 2004 esa vk;ksftr 11oha varjkZ"Vªh; ijkxk.kfod dk¡xzsl]xzsusMk ¼Lisu½ ds {ks=h; Hkze.k ds nkSjku lhjkZ uhosnk rFkk us'kuy ikdZ dkHkze.k fd;kA vygEczk ds laxzgky;] E;wft;e vkWQ QkbZu vkVZ rFkktsusjkykbQ iSysl dk Hkh Hkze.k fd;kAvfer dqekj ?kks"k5 tqykbZ&24 flracj] 2004 ds nkSjku fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk çk;ksftrHkkjrh; yksd ç'kklu laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr oSKkfudksa ,oarduhdhfon~ksa gsrq nwljs laLFkkiuk izf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy;kA23-24 vDrwcj] 2004 ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; yksd ç'kklu laLFkku] ubZfnYyh n~okjk vk;ksftr rFkk gsfjVst foyst] euslj] u;k xqM+xk¡o esa gqbZiqujh{k.k@ef"r"d fo{kksHk l=&fo-izkS-fo- izf'k{k.k esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kApUnzeksgu ukSfV;kyvxLr] 2004 rFkk Qjojh] 2005 esa lh-Mh-vkj-vkbZ-] y[kuÅesa gqbZ ujkdkl dh 52oha ,oa 53oha cSBd esa Hkkx fy;kA 29-30 uoEcj]2004 ds nkSjku jktLFkku ;wuhoflZVh] t;iqj rFkk ,u-lh-,l-Vh-lh-@fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk vk;ksftr oSKkfud vfHko`fr% ehfM;k ds egÙo ijjk"Vªh; laxks"Bh esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kAjkds'k lDlsuk17-19 flracj 2004 ds nkSjku isVªksVsd~ lkslk;Vh n~okjk vk;ksftrbalk] ubZ fnYyh esa gqbZ vdsMfe;k&bUMLVªht baVjQsl lsehukj ij dk;Z'kkykesa Hkkx fy;kAclUr dqekj feJ] jkds'k lDlsuk] vks-,l- ljkVs] ch-Mh- flag ,oavuqie 'kekZ22 flracj] 2004 dks ekbØks fMokbl esVªkse fy- n~okjk vk;ksftrgksVy rkt jsthMsUlh] y[kuÅ esa ,Q-Vh-vkbZ-vkj-midj.k esa çLrqfrrFkk blds vuqç;ksx ij laxks"Bh esa Hkkx fy;kAeukst 'kqDy ,oa ts-,l- xqysfj;k15-27 uoEcj] 2004 ds nkSjku jk"Vªh; mPp v/;;u laLFkku]caxykSj esa gqbZ foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh esa cgqvk;keh laHkkoukvksa ij ofj"BoSKkfudksa&iz'kkldksa gsrq çFke ,u-vkbZ-,-,l-&fo-izkS-fo- ikB~;Øe esa Hkkxfy;kA,- jtuhdkUr ,oa jtuh frokjhuhnjySaM esa vk;ksftr ;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfndh cSBd& 2004 esaHkkx ysus ds i'pkr~ fofHkUu laxzgky;ksa rFkk ouLifrd ckxksa vFkkZr~ jhTDlE;wft;e QkWu vksm/ksMsu] gksVZl ckWVsfudl] us'kuy E;wft;e vkWQ bFkuksykWth¼yhMu½] us'kuy E;wft;e] lsUVªy E;wft;e] isfy;ksckWVfud E;wft;ecqMkisLVyku] ;wuhoflZVh E;wft;e ¼mRjspV½] E;wft;e vkWQ uspqjy lkabZlst]flVh E;wft;e ¼czqlsYl½] useks lkabZl lasUVj rFkk jhTDl E;wft;e ¼,ElVMZe½dk Hkze.k fd;kA1-2 flracj] 2004 ds nkSjku lh-Mh-vkj-vkbZ- esa gqbZ ujkdkln~okjk vk;ksftr fganh dk;Z'kkyk esa Hkkx fy;kAveyo HkV~Vkpk;Z] vuqie 'kekZ ,oa oUnuk çlkn16-25 uoEcj] 2004 ds nkSjku HkwfoKku foHkkx] ,e-,l- ;wuhoflZVh]cM+kSnk esa vk;ksftr rFkk fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk çk;ksftr unh; ç.kkyh ijçf'k{k.k dk;ZØe esa Hkkx fy;kA fonX?k O;fDr ds :i esa HkV~Vkpk;Z usçfrHkkfx;ksa dks ijkxd.k ,oa o`{k&oy; ds uewuksa dks laxzg djus ls lacaf/kr {ks=h; izf'k{k.k iznku fd;kAfnus'k pUnz lSuh25-26 uoEcj] 2004 ds nkSjku nq/kok jk"Vªh; m|ku] y[kheiqj&[khjh¼mÙkj çns'k½ ds {ks=h; Hkze.k ij vfrfFk oSKkfud MkW- VksekLt+ thyksadk¼balk@iksfy'k foKku vdkneh f}i{kh; fofue; dk;ZØe ds varxZr½ dslkFk izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;kAeukst 'kqDy06 fnlEcj] 2004 dks Hkkjrh; HkwfOkKku losZ{k.k] dksydkrk esavk;ksftr ^osfUM;u thotkr dk mRFkku ,oa iru* fo"k; ij jk"Vªh;dk;Zcy cSBd vkbZ-th-lh-ih-&493 esa Hkkx fy;kA42

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005vuqie 'kekZ17-18 fnlEcj] 2004 ds nkSjku tokgjyky usg: ;wuhoflZVh] ubZfnYyh esa vk;ksftr rFkk fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk izk;ksftr vxHkhj v/kLry cSBdesa Hkkx fy;k rFkk ßekgh unh nzks.kh] eq[;Hkwfe xqtjkr ds DokVjujhvolknh vfHkys[k% cgqvk;keh n`f"Vdks.kÞ fo"k; ij ,d ifj;kstuk izLrkoizLrqr fd;kAjke vorkj ,oa fnus'k pUnz lSuhfnlEcj] 2004 & tuojh 2005 ds nkSjku 22 fnuksa ds fy, nf{k.kHkkjr ds m".kdfVca/kh; ouksa ds {ks=h; Hkze.k ij vfrfFk oSKkfudksa çkspsax&lsuyh rFkk izks- ;w&Qh okax ¼balk@phuh foKku vdkneh f}i{kh;fofue; dk;ZØe ds varxZr½ ds lkFk izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;kA blh vof/k esa20-22 fnlEcj dks vUukeybZ ;wuhoflZVh] vUukeybZuxj esa volknhlalk/ku ,oa i;kZoj.k fo"k; ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh vkSj 29-31 fnlEcj]2004 dks fr:oUuriqje esa vk;ksftr 14ok¡ Hkkjrh; vko`rchth ofxZdhla?k ds okf"kZd lEesyu esa Hkh Hkkx fy;kAveyo HkV~Vkpk;Z22-23 fnlEcj] 2004 ds nkSjku ;wuhoflZVh vkWQ enzkl] psUubZ esagqbZ izk;ksftr ifj;kstuk ijkxd.k rFkk o`{k&oy; vk¡dM+ksa dk mi;ksx djrsgq, fiNys dbZ gtkj o"kksZa ds nkSjku iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr esa tyok;oh ifjorZuds fo'ys"k.k dh mUufr ds iqujh{k.k ds lEcU/k esa lewg ekWuhVfjax cSBdesa Hkkx fy;kAeqdqan 'kekZ03-29 tuojh] 2005 ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k izf'k{k.klaLFkku] gSnjkckn esa vk;ksftr rFkk fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk izk;ksftr dqM~Mkikgnzks.kh] djuwy esa volknh HkwHkkx ds HkwoSKkfud ekufp=.k ij ,l-bZ-vkjlh-'khrdkyhu Ldwy esa Hkkx fy;kAlqfç; pØorhZ27 ekpZ&16 vçSy] 2005 ds nkSjku vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-] dkuiqj esavk;ksftr ßDokVjujh HkwfOkKku esa ifjladYiukÞ rFkk ,l-bZ-vkj-lh-Ldwy esa fLFkj leLFkkfud ofxZdh rFkk jsfM;ksdkcZu HkkSfedh fo"k; ijO;k[;ku gsrq izfrfu;qDr fd;k x;kA;ksxsUnz çrki flag25-27 vxLr] 2004 ds nkSjku ubZ fnYyh esa ekbØkslkWV dhVsd~&,M bosUV esa Hkkx fy;kA/khjsUnz 'kekZ ,oa vouh'k dqekj13-23 flracj] 2004 ds nkSjku xqM+xk¡o esa fycfll fuxe n~okjkvk;ksftr fycfll lkWVos;j esa y?kqvof/k izf'k{k.k esa Hkkx fy;kAiou flag dfV;kj ,oa ;ksxsUnz çrki flag19 uoEcj] 2004 dks ;wihVsd~ y[kuÅ n~okjk vk;ksftr vksiu lkslZVsDuksykWth rFkk ykbusDl lsehukj esa Hkkx fy;kA43

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanylEesyuksa@ifjlaoknksa@laxksf"B;ksa@dk;Z'kkykvksa esa çfrfu;qfDrveykHk HkV~Vkpk;Z] lqfç; pØorhZ ,oa ch- lsdj" 17-18 ebZ] 2004 dks caxykSj esa vk;ksftr gksykslhu ds nkSjkuHkkjrh; ekulwu ,oa tyok;q fofo/krk ij varjkZ"Vªh; dk;Z'kkykAvk'kk xqIr" 4-9 tqykbZ] 2004 dks xzsusMk] Lisu esa vk;ksftr 11oha varjkZ"Vªh;ijkxk.kfod dkaxzslAveyo HkV~Vkpk;Z ,oa ch- lsdj" 5-9 tqykbZ] 2004 dks flaxkiqj esa vk;ksftr çFke la;qDr ,f'k;kegklkxjh; HkkSfedh lkslk;Vh cSBd rFkk f}rh; ,f'k;k isflfQdgkbMªksykWth ,oa ty lalk/ku lEesyuAlehj dqekj csjk" 19-20 tqykbZ] 2004 dks ,u-lh-,-vks-vkj-] xksok esa vk;ksftrHkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vuqla/kku dk;ZØe% 23oha miyfC/k;k¡ rFkk24oha ;kstuk vaVkdZfVd vfHk;ku ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkykAfot;k" 20-28 vxLr] 2004 dks yksjsal] bVyh esa vk;ksftr 32ohavarjkZ"Vªh; HkwoSKkfud dkaxzslAlqfç; pØorhZ ,oa ch- lsdj" 26-27 vxLr] 2004 dks Hkqous'oj esa vk;ksftr jsfM;ksdkcZu dk,DlhfyjsVj ekl LisDVªksehVjh ij dk;Z'kkyk iz;ksDrk varlZEcU/kcSBdAjke jru ;kno ,oa HkkÔk nwcs" 06-10 flracj] 2004 dks gSnjkckn esa vk;ksftr tyok;q ifjoZrurFkk izkd`frd vkinkvksa ij b.Mks&;wjksfi;u la?k dk;Z'kkykAvk'kk [k.Msyoky ,oa ,- jtuhdkUr" 01-02 flracj] 2004 dks eqEcbZ esa vk;ksftr iks".kh; fodkl gsrqi;kZoj.kh; uhfr'kkL= ij jk"Vªh; lEesyuA" 18 flracj] 2004 dks vkbZ-bZ-,e-] y[kuÅ esa vk;ksftr i;kZoj.kizca/ku rFkk iznw"k.k fu;U=.k tkx:drk ij dk;Z'kkykA,e-vkj- jko" 04-06 uoEcj] 2004 dks caxykSj esa vk;ksftr vuqØe Lrfjdh ijjk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkykA,- jtuhdkUr ,oa jtuh frokjh" 12-13 uoEcj] 2004 dks us'kuy E;wft;e vkWQ uspqjy fgLVªh]uspqjsfyl] yhMu] n~ uhnjySaM esa vk;ksftr ;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfndhcSBd&2004Aeqdqan 'kekZ" 19 uoEcj] 2004 dks fr:ouUriqje esa vk;ksftr jksfMfu;k lHkkrFkk fo?kVu ij vkbZ-th-lh-ih-&440 jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkykA,-ds- JhokLro] vks-,l- ljkVs ,oa ch-Mh- eaMkodj" 19-20 fnlEcj] 2004 dks pUnziqj] egkjk"Vª esa vk;ksftr ouLifrfoKkuesa vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa ij jk"Vªh; lEesyuApUpyk JhokLro] ,e-,l- pkSgku] oUnuk çlkn] ,-ds- iks[kfj;k ,oach- lsdj" 28-31 fnlEcj] 2004 dks y[kuÅ esa vk;ksftr la;qDr okf"kZdlEesyu% 38ok¡ Hkkjrh; iqjkrkfRod lkslk;Vh] 32ok¡ Hkkjrh;iwoZ,frgkfld ,oa DokVjujh v/;;u lkslk;Vh] 28ok¡ Hkkjrh;bfrgkl ,oa laLd`fr lkslk;Vh vkSj xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKkuij jk"Vªh; laxks"BhAjkds'k lDlsuk" 27-28 tuojh] 2005 dks psUubZ esa vk;ksftr HkkSfedh rFkk i;kZoj.k¼,u-,-,l-th-bZ-,u-½ ij jk"Vªh; laxks"BhAvk'kk [k.Msyoky" 31tuojh&02 Qjojh] 2005 dks ukxiqj esa vk;ksftr 13ok¡ok;qthofoKku ij jk"Vªh; lEesyuA,- jtuhdkUr" 07-09 Qjojh] 2005 dks tEew esa vk;ksftr çFke tEew ,oa d'ehjjkT; foKku dkaxzslAtloUr flag xqysfj;k] egs'k çlkn] jtuh frokjh] ek/kch pØorhZ ,oabZ-th- [kjs" 17-20 Qjojh] 2005 dks vejkorh ¼egkjk"Vª½ esa vk;ksftr laj{k.k¼vkbZ-lh-ih-,l-ch-lh-&05½ esa tSofofo/krk ds egÙo ds fo'ks"klanHkZ esa ikni foKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fr;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyuApUnzeksgu ukSfV;ky] jke vorkj ,oa fnus'k pUnz lSuh" 28 Qjojh -02 ekpZ] 2005 dks vkbZ-Vh-vkj-lh-] y[kuÅ esavk;ksftr i;kZoj.k] LokLF;] tSo ,oa lwpuk izkS|ksfxdh% uwrulksiu&fgeky;&2005 fo"k; ij çFke varjkZ"Vªh; oSKkfud lEesyu¼fganh ek/;e ls½Avatqe Qk:dh" vçSy] 2004 dks ukbl Ýkal esa vk;ksftr ;wjksfi;u HkkSfedh la?k dkçFke lkekU; lHkk ,oa ifjlaokn A" 30-31 ekpZ] 2005 dks esfju foax] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k]fo'kk[kkiVue esa vk;ksftr vkbZ-th-lh-ih-&464 dk;Z'kkykA44

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005lEesyuksa@ifjlaoknksa@xksf"B;ksa esa çLrqr fd, x, 'kks/k i=csjk ,l-ds-—volknhdj.k] ijkxk.kfod ,oa dkykuqØe iSjkehVjksa dksiz;ksx djrs gq, >hy volknksa rFkk fgekuh tSoeYcs ds fu"d"kZ ds:i esa iwoZ vaVkdZfVd ds f'kjesdj e:m|ku rFkk /kzqo>hyksa dsmn~Hko dk vafre DokVjujh tyok;oh bfrgklA Hkkjrh;vaVkdZfVd vuqla/kku dk;ZØe% 23ok¡ miyfC/k;ksa ,oa 24ok¡;kstuk vaVkdZfVd vfHk;ku ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk] xksok] tqykbZ2004-HkV~Vkpk;Z ,-—gksykslhu ds nkSjku if'peh fgeky;h {ks= esa tyok;ohifjorZuA la;qDr çFke ,-vks-th-,l- okf"kZd cSBd ,oa n~forh;,-ih-,p-MCY;w- lEesyu] flaxkiqj] tqykbZ 2004-HkV~Vkpk;Z ,- ,oa jUgkS=k ih-,l-—if'peh fgeky;h tyok;q ds dkfyd,oa LFkkfud igyq rFkk mudh ekulwu xfrdh foo{kkA gksykslhuds nkSjku Hkkjrh; ekulwu ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu'khyrk ij dk;Z'kkyk]caxykSj] ebZ 2004-pØorhZ ,l-—Hkkjrh; ekulwu gsrq çkWDlh vk¡dM+ksa ds :i eas vjc lkxjçokyksa dh tk¡p iM+rkyA gksykslhu ds nkSjku Hkkjrh; ekulwu ,oatyok;q ifjorZu'khyrk ij dk;Z'kkyk] caxykSj] ebZ 2004-pØorhZ ,l-—egklkxj&ok;qeaMyh; ifjorZu'khyrk v/;;u esa ,-,e-,l- dk mi;ksxA jsfM;ks dkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k ds ,-,e-,l- dhç;ksDrk var%fØ;k cSBd ij dk;Z'kkyk] Hkqous'oj] vxLr 2004-pkSgku ,e-,l-] iks[kfj;k ,-ds- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch-—mÙkj çns'k dslardchj uxj ftys dh ygqjknsok >hy ls izkIr gksykslhu ouLifrrFkk tyok;oh ifjorZu ds ijkxd.k vk¡dM+sA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyurFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ]fnlEcj 2004-f}osnh ,p-Mh- ,oa çlkn ,e-—if'peh usiky ds fgeky;h fxfjiknksa dsdks;ykckl {ks= ls çkIr f'kokfyd ¼e/; ek;kslhu½ i.kZ eqnzk'e rFkkmudk egÙoA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk dss egÙo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esaikni foKku esa vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu]vejkorh]Qjojh 2005-Q+k:dh ,-—Hkkjr ds nf{k.k&iwohZ rV ls gksykslhu ds nkSjku eSaxzksoksa dhtSofofo/krkA çFke ;wjksfi;u HkkSfedh la?k] ifjlaokn] Ýkal] vçSy2004-Q+k:dh ,-—e/; gksykslhu ls fipkoje eSaxzkso rFkk i;kZoj.k dk fodkl%,d ijkxk.kfod vk¡dM+kA vkbZ-th-lh-ih- 464 dk;Z'kkyk]fo'kk[kkiVue] ekpZ 2005-xqysfj;k ts-,l-] JhokLro vkj- ,oa feJ ds-,l-—Hkkjr esa e/;çns'kds [kkaMok ds nD[ku cslkYVksa esa ikni rFkk tUrq thok'eksa dh nqyZHkmifLFkfrA lja{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egÙo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh]Qjojh 2005-xqIr ,-—dqekÅ¡ fgeky; ds 'khrks".k {ks= esa vafre DokVjujhouLifr&ijkxk.kfod fo'ys"k.kA 11oha varjkZ"Vªh; ijkxk.kfoddkaxzsl] xzsusMk] Lisu] tqykbZ 2004->k ,u- ,oa frokjh vkj-—vk¡/kz çns'k dh fparyiqMh minzks.kh ds lÙkqiYyh{ks= esa vafre ijfe;u ijkxk.kq :iksa rFkk ,DohlhVsfy;u v{kksa dhmifLFkfrA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fr;ksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh]Qjojh 2005-[kjs bZ-th-] jko ,e-vkj- ,oa çlkn ,e-—if'peh usiky ds dks;ykckl{ks= ls çkIr fuEu f'kokfyd volknksa ¼e/; ek;kslhu½ dkijkxk.kqfoKkuA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egÙo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZesa ikni foKku esa vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa dk varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu]vejkorh] Qjojh 2005-[k.Msyoky ,-—Hkkjr esa mM+hlk dh fpYdk >hy ds vkl&ikl eSaxzksoksa dkçca/kuA i;kZoj.kh; uhfr'kkL= rFkk iks".kh; fodkl ij jk"Vªh;lEesyu] eqEcbZ] flracj 2004-[k.Msyoky ,-—Hkkjr esa y[kuÅ ds ok;q rFkk i`"Bh; volknksa esaijkxd.k% ,d vkykspukRed ewY;kaduA 13ok¡ jk"Vªh; ok;qthofoKkulEesyu] ukxiqj] tuojh&Qjojh 2005-eaMkodj ch-Mh-—Hkkjr esa fet+ksje ds pksaxrs esa volknksa ¼çkjfEHkdek;kslhu½ dh fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k rFkk vk;qA ouLifrfoKku esavk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu] pUnziqj] fnlEcj 2004-iks[kfj;k ,-ds- ,oa lkjLor ds-,l-—jktLFkku ds >hyokM+k ftys dsvksft;kuk ls çkIr çkphu Qly vFkZO;oLFkkA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyurFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ]fnlEcj 2004-çlkn ,e-—if'peh usiky ds pqfj;k ¼f'kokfyd½ vuqØe esa fMIVsjksdkiZl¼xkVZu-½ ds thok'e vo'ks"k rFkk bldk ikni HkwxkSyh; egÙoAlaj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egÙo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ikni foKkueas vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh] Qjojh2005-45

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyçlkn oh-] 'kekZ ,e-] lDlsuk ,- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch-—ekuo xfrfof/kgsrq lqjkxksa ds :i esa ygqjknsok ljksojh volknksa ls çkIr v'ehHkwrMk;Ve leqPp;A vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- ij la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku dsiqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ] fnlEcj 2004-jtuhdkUr ,-—vfHkHkwr ikniksa ds vo'ks"k% vk/kqfud O;fDr ds fy, 'ks"kAi;kZoj.kh; uhfr'kkL= rFkk iks".kh; fodkl ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu]eqEcbZ] flracj 2004-jtuhdkUr ,-—i;kZoj.kh; tkx:drk esa fçaV ehfM;k dk egÙoA i;kZoj.kh;çca/ku rFkk çnw"k.k fu;a=.k tkx:drk ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk]y[kuÅ] flracj 2004-jtuhdkUr ,-—Hkkjr esa izk.kfgrk&xksnkojh nzks.kh dk ehlkstksbd HkkSfedikni thouA ;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfndh cSBd] yhMu] n~ uhnjyS.M]uoEcj 2004-jtuhdkUr ,-—Hkkjrh; xksaMokuk% ,d paØeA çFke tEew ,oa d'ehjjkT; foKku dkaxzsl] tEew] Qjojh 2005-jke vorkj—i;kZoj.k ,oa LokLF; laj{k.k esa yo.kksn~fon~ ¼eSaxzkso½ ikS/kksa dhmi;ksfxrk rFkk ;ksxnku ¼fganh esa½A fgeokl&2005] çFke varjkZ"Vªh;fganh ek/;e ls oSKkfud lEesyu vkbZ-Vh-vkj-lh( y[kuÅ]Qjojh&ekpZ 2005-jko ,e-vkj-—dsjy nzks.kh esa Vf'kZ;jh volknksa ds tSoLrfjd vuq{ks=ofxZdj.k rFkk lglEcU/ku esa ijkxk.kqfoKku dk egRoA vuqØeLrfjdh ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk] caxykSj] uoEcj 2004-lkguh ,-] jk.kk vkj-,l-] yks;y vkj-,l-] ljLorh ,-ds-] ekFkqj,l-ds-] jkst+ ds-Mh-] f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e- ,oa xxZ vkj-—if'peh lhek isfy;kslhu&fuEu bZvkslhu yxqMkaxkj% tSoLrfjd ,oaiqjkikfjfLFkfrdh izfrca/kA n~forh; ,-ih-th- lEesyu] [ktqjkgks]flracj 2004-lSuh Mh-lh-—vejdaVd {ks= dh jksx fuokjd ,oa LokLF;o/kZd ouvkS"kf/k;k¡ ¼fganh esa½A fgeokl&2005] çFke varjkZ"Vªh; fganh ek/;e ls oSKkfud lEesyu] vkbZ-Vh-vkj-lh-] y[kuÅ] Qjojh&ekpZ2005-lkjLor ds-,l- ,oa iks[kfj;k ,-ds-—d'ehj ds duh"kiqj esa uoik"kk.khvFkZO;oLFkk esa ikni lalk/kuA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnkuds iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ] fnlEcj 2004-ljkVs vks-,l-—egkjk"Vª ds o/kkZ ?kkVh dks;yk{ks= dh tqukM [kqyh [knku[kku ds dks;ys rFkk bldh tSo ltkrh; jpukA ouLifrfoKku esavk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu] pUnziqj] fnlEcj 2004-lDlsuk vkj-—Hkkjrh; dks;ys rFkk yxqMkaxkj ds 'kSfydh y{k.k esavk/kqfud ço`fr;k¡A HkkSfedh i;kZoj.k ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] psUubZ]tuojh 2005-lsdj ch-—Hkkjr dh DokVjujh ouLifr ds iqufuZekZ.k gsrq ijkxk.kqfoKku rFkk C 14 vk¡dM+ksa dh ch-lk-iq-la- dh nsuA ,-,e-,ljsfM;ksdkyfu/kkZj.k dh ç;ksDrk var%fØ;k cSBd ij dk;Z'kkyk]Hkqous'oj] vxLr 2004-lsdj ch-—leqnz n~okjk vfrØe.k ls Hkkjr ds if'peh rV ds dqN {ks=ksaesa ekuo vkoklksa dh iqjkrurk ds mHkjrs çek.kA la;qDr çFke ,-vks-th-,l- okf"kZd cSBd rFkk n~forh; ,-ih-,p-MCY;w- lEesyu]flaxkiqj] tqykbZ 2004-JhokLro lh-—mÙkj çns'k ds dUukSt ftys ds çkphu vfg:vk jktkjkeiqjrFkk fl;kiqj esa iqjkekuotkfr okuLifrd lk{;ksa dh mHkjrhço`fr;k¡A vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKkuij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ] fnlEcj 2004-frokjh vkj-—iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh esa v'ehHkwr ikni mipeksZa dk egÙoA;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfndh cSBd] yhMu] n~ uhnjyS.M] uoEcj2004-frokjh vkj-—egkjk"Vª dh o/kkZ nzks.kh ds ijfe;u xq# ikni v/;;uAlaj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egÙo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ikni foKkuesa vk/kqfud ço`fr;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh] Qjojh2005-frokjh vkj-] JhokLro vkj-ds-] flag ds-ds-] lkjLor ds- ,l-] flagvkbZ-ch-] pkSgku ,e-,l-] lsdj ch-] iks[kfj;k ,-ds-] lDlsuk,-] çlkn oh-] 'kekZ ,e- ,oa tksxysdj ih-ih-—milagkj% xaxkds eSnku esa iqjkrkfRod v/;;u gsrq foo{kkA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyurFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ]fnlEcj 2004-fot;k—Hkkjr esa if'pe caxky ds ikukx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005ijke'kZ@rduhdh lgk;rkijke'kZ lsok,a fofHkUu uewuksa ds jsfM;ks dkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k gsrqfuEufyf[kr laLFkkuksa@laxBuksa dks iznku dh xbZ%¼laLFkku us dqy :- 4,38,000@& vftZr fd,½Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k] dksydkrk ¼28 uewus½egkRek xk¡/kh fo'ofon~;ky;] xk¡/khuxj ¼1 uewuk½jk"Vªh; leqnzfoKku laLFkku] xksok ¼4 uewus½jktLFkku v/;;u laLFkku] mn;iqj ¼2 uewus½Hkw&foKku v/;;u dsUnz] f=osUnze ¼16 uewus½Hkkjrh; iqjkrkfÙod losZ{k.k] ukxiqj ¼8 uewus½dksphu foKku vkSj izkS|ksfxdh fo'ofon~;ky; ¼21 uewus½jksfgy[k.M fo'ofon~;ky; ¼6 uewus½osdkWe ,e laLFkkiuk ¼20 uewus½nD[ku dkWyst] iq.ks ¼2 uewus½Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k ¼mÙkjh {ks=½] y[kuÅ ¼6 uewus½Øeoh{k.k bysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ bdkbZ us fuEufyf[kr laLFkkuksa rFkk fo'ofon~;ky;foHkkxksa ds oSKkfudksa@v/;srkvksa dks ijklajpuk gsrq uewus çØe.k] Øeoh{k.kbysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ rFkk bZ-Mh-,l- fo'ysÔ.k esa ijke'kZ lsok,¡ çnku dh%¼vftZr ijke'kZ 'kqYd yxHkx :i;s 40,100.00)jk"Vªh; ouLifr vuqla/kku laLFkku] y[kuÅ/kkrq dehZ; vfHk;kaf=dh foHkkx] ch-,p-;w-] okjk.klhouLifrfoKku foHkkx] foKku laLFkku] ukxiqjth-ch- iUr d`f"k fo'ofon~;ky;] iar uxjdsUnzh; [kuu vuqla/kku laLFkku] /kucknfdax tkWtZ vk;qfoZKku fo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅouLifrfoKku foHkkx] y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅçk.kh foKku foHkkx] y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅHkkSfrdh foHkkx] y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅ72 os/k&ØksM uewuksa dk dks;yk /kzqo.k ¼eq[;r% eSlsjy y{k.ko.kZu rFkk lg;ksxh [kfut inkFkZ½] ijkorZdrk Js.kh rFkk ekbØksDyhVv/;;u gsrq dsUnzh; [kuu vuqla/kku laLFkku] /kuckn ds ehFksu mRltZuizHkkx dks ijke'kZ lsok,¡ iznku dh ¼vftZr ijke'kZ 'kqYd :-1,44,000/-½AvpZuk f=ikBh us mTtSu ¼e/; izns'k½ ds foØe fo'ofon~;ky;ds HkwfoKku v/;;u Ldwy ds ,e-Qhy- fo|kFkhZ dks ijkxk.kfod rduhd,oa chtk.kq&ijkxd.k dh igpku gsrq oSKkfud rFkk rduhdh lgk;rk nhaAtloUr flag xqysfj;k us MkW- vkj lrh'k] i;kZoj.kh; foKkuLdwy] egkRek xk¡/kh ;wuhoflZVh dksV~Vk;e] dsjy dks dk"B uewuksa dhigpku esa( dq- Vh-,u- fiz;k] lgk;d HkwoSKkfud] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfudlosZ{k.k] ukxiqj dks i.kZ&eqnzk'eksa ds 'kks/k rFkk igpku esa( Jh v:.k dqekj]HkwfoKku foHkkx] ch-,p-;w- dks Hkkjr ds iqjkouLifrfoKku&Vf'kZ;jhxq#ouLifrtkr ij mudh ,e-,l&lh 'kks/k&izca/k ifj;kstuk gsrq oSKkfudlgk;rk iznku dhAclUr dqekj feJ ,oa Hkxoku nkl flag us dsUnzh; [kuuvuqla/kku laLFkku /kuckn ds vuqla/kku v/;srk Jh izdk'k flag dks dks;yk,oa dksd 'kSfydh ¼nksuksa lkekU; ,oa izfrfnfIr fof/k ds varxZr½ esa oSKkfudlgk;rk iznku dhA tSo lw{e?kVdksa esa [kfut laca/k dh izd`fr gsrq Øeoh{k.kbysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ ds varxZr dks;ys ds izs{k.k esa Hkh lgk;rk dhAlw;ZdkUref.k f=ikBh us dq- fiz;k] lgk;d HkwoSKkfud] Hkkjrh;HkwoSKkfud losZ{k.k] ukxiqj dks ijkxk.kfod v/;;u iwjk djus esa oSKkfudizf'k{k.k fn;kAlehj dqekj csjk us xksyikjk dkWyst ¼vle½ ds izk/;kid Jh,l-ds- cklqerkjh dks fofHkUu el`.ku rduhd rFkk vU; oSKkfudlgk;rk iznku dh vkSj viuh ns[kjs[k esa ih&,p-Mh- fMxzh gsrq y[kuÅfo'ofon~;ky; esa iathdj.k djk;kA47

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanybdkb;k¡izdk'kutuZy&n~ isfy;ksckWVfuLVtuZy ds 53osa (1-3) [kaM esa lekfgr 21 voyksfdr 'kks/k&i=ksa]lEesyu fjiksVksZa] iqjLd`r ys[k] fu/ku&laca/kh lekpkj ,oa vkys[kksa dks NikbZdh HkO; rduhd ls izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA 54osa (1) [kaM ds fy, 'kks/k&i=ksadks O;ofLFkr fd;k tk jgk gSAch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVjlaLFkku dh fofHkUu egÙoiw.kZ xfrfof/k;ksa dks lekfgr djrs gq,çn'kZfu;ksa esa lgHkkfxrk] lEesyuksa] iqLrdky; esa uohure vtZu] Lej.kkRedO;k[;ku] jk"Vªh; foKku fnol ,oa izkSn~;ksfxdh fnol lekjksgksa] egÙoiw.kZvuqla/kku dk;Z] oSKkfud cSBd fjiksVsaZ ,oa lacn~/k lwpuk,aa ;Fkko';dNk;kfp=ksa ls ;qDr U;wtysVj ¼twu½ 2004 esa çdkf'kr djok;k x;kAokfÔZd foojf.kdklaLFkku dh egÙoiw.kZ xfrfof/k;ksa] tSls&vuqla/kku lEesyuksa esa lgHkkfxrk]iqjLdkj] 'kks/k&i= izdkf'kr@Lohd`r] laLFkkiu@laLFkkid fnol lekjksg]fofHkUu bdkb;ksa dh fjiksVsZa] okfÔZd ys[kk fooj.k rFkk egÙoiw.kZ vkjs[kksa,oa Nk;kfp=ksa ls ;qDr n~foHkkÔh ¼vaxszth@fganh½ okfÔZd foojf.kdk 2003-2004 dk çdk'ku fd;k x;kAgSaM&vkmVmRd`"V oDrkvksa & çks- ih- jkepUnz jko] dqyifr ¼cukjl fganwfo'ofon~;ky;] okjk.klh½] izks- ,l-ds- V.Mu ¼fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;½]çks- ,-ds- fla?koh ¼HkkSfrdh vuqla/kku iz;ksx'kkyk] vgenkckn½ n~okjklaLFkkiuk fnol ,oa laLFkkid fnol lekjksgksa ij fn, x, O;k[;kuksa dhfoÔ;&oLrq rFkk muds thou ifjp; çdkf'kr fd, x,A:ijs[kk ¼izksQkby½bl laLFkku ds iwoZ funs'kd izks- ds-vkj- lqjaxs us iqjkouLifrfoKku{ks= esa thou dh lQyrk ij ,d :ijs[kk rS;kj dh ,oa forj.k ds fy,Nkih xbZaAfueU=.k i= ,oa c/kkbZ dkMZlaLFkkiuk fnol o laLFkkid fnol rFkk izks- ds-vkj- lqjaxs c/kkbZlekjksg ds fuea=.k&i= izdkf'kr fd, x,A 77 iknik'e uewus tfM+rlaLFkku dh vk/kkjf'kyk fpf=r jaxhu c/kkbZ dkMZ&2005 Hkh Nkik x;kAifjp; i=laLFkku ds deZpkfj;ksa dks visf{kr ifjp; i= eqfnzr djds fn, x, gSaAlaLFkku ds izdk'ku dh fcØhlaLFkku ds izdk'ku ls bl o"kZ dqy #-1,07,240/= dh vkenuh gqbZAlaLFkkiuk fnol ij çksQslj ih- jkepUnzjko] dqyifr] cukjl fganw fo'ofon~;ky;] ch-lk-iq-la- ds U;wtysVj&7 dk foekspu djrs gq,A48

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005iqLrdky;iqLrdky; iz;ksDrkvksa dks mPpdksfV dh lsok,a iznku djrk gSA iqLrdky;lqfo/kk,¡ c

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanylaxzgky;laxzgky; d{k esa thok'eksa ds QksVks iznf'kZr djus ds fy, izn'kZ isuydks 'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;s QksVks iknik'e ifjj{k.k dh mRd`"Vrk n'kkZrsgSa rFkk ckYVheksj ds MkW- fxjkWM QkWLVj ,oa ukWjeu ckdZj us laLFkku dkslizse HksaV fd, Fks] vejhdh laxzgky; iqjkouLifrd fon~ork dk izlkj ,oaloZlqyHk cukus ds fy, egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA jk"Vªh; izkSn~;ksfxdhfnol ¼11 ebZ 2004½ ,oa jk"Vªh; foKku fnol ¼28 Qjojh 2005½lekjksgksa ds nkSjku bls fon~;kfFkZ;ksa] vfrfFk;ksa ,oa fofo/k thou oxZ ds yksxksaus o"kZ Hkj laLFkku ds laxzgky; dk Hkze.k fd;k rFkk iknik'e uewuksa dksvR;ar #fp ds lkFk /;ku ls ns[kkA iknik'e uewuksa ds lkr lsVksa dks jk"Vªds fofHkUu laLFkkuksa dks HksaV fd;k x;kAlaLFkku ds oSKkfudksa us vius 'kks/k&i=ksa ds uewus] LykbMksa ,oa usxsfVoksadks fuEuor~ lkSaik %lkekuC;kSjk izdkj 2004-05 ds nkSjku oǹ~f/k ;ksxçk:i ,oa fpf=r uewus 78 6,465çk:i ,oa fpf=r LykbMsa 56 12,513mijksDr ds usxsfVo 265 16,821oSKkfudksa us ns'k ds 193 bykdksa ls izkn'kZ@uewusa bdV~Bs fd, rFkklaxzgky; esa ijh{k.k ds fy, fuEuor tek dj fn,%&ifj;kstuk uewus çkn'kZifj;kstuk 1 8 223ifj;kstuk 2 207 317ifj;kstuk 3 - 324ifj;kstuk 5 1 186ifj;kstuk 6 981 199ifj;kstuk 7 - 123ifj;kstuk 11 - 439ifj;kstuk 12 31 38ifj;kstuk 14 98 40laxzgky;laLFkku dh ifj;kstukvksa ds vfrfjDr ,df=r izkn'kZ & Mh-,l-Vhizk;ksftrifj;kstuk,a ¼17 uewus ,oa 149 izkn'kZ½vU; laxBuksa ls çkIr uewus& rsy ,oa izkd`frd xSl vk;ksx ls 443¼lg;ksxh ifj;kstuk½] Hkw&foKku foHkkx] dSiVkmu fo'ofon~;ky; nf{k.kvÝhdk ls 267 izkn'kZ ,oa vkWDlQkWMZ fo'ofon~;ky;] ;w- ds- ds MkWtqfy;k'kkW ls 10 izkn'kZAns'k ds fuEuk¡fdr dasnzksa dks uewus HksaV fd,%&lj ineir fla?kkfu;k] 'kS{kf.kd dasnz] deyk uxj] dkuiqjouLifrfoKku foHkkx] djksM+hey dkyst] fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;]fnYyhefgyk fon~;ky;] fMxzh dkyst] y[kuÅfoKku ,oa okf.kT; bLykfe;k dkyst] Jhuxjyky cgknqj 'kkL=h LukrdksRrj egkfon~;ky;] xks.MkouLifrfoKku foHkkx] vUukeyS fo'ofon~;ky;] fpnacjejktdh; egkjktk LukrdksRrj egkfon~;ky;] Nrjiqj] e/; izns'klaLFkkuh; n'kZdx.kHkwfoKku foHkkx] ukxkySaM fo'ofon~;ky;] dksfgek ¼ukxkySaM½ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] fouksck Hkkos fo'ofon~;ky;] gtkjhckx¼>kj[kaM½ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] vka/kzk fo'ofon~;ky;] fo'kk[kkiVue¼vka/kz izns'k½LukrdksRrj ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] oh-ds-,l- fo'ofon~;ky;]vkjk ¼fcgkj½izslhMsUlh dkWyst] dksydkrk ¼if'peh caxky½jktdh; ekWMy foKku dkyst] tcyiqj ¼e/;izns'k½ds-,u-vkbZ- LukrdksRrj egkfon~;ky;] lqYrkuiqj ¼m-iz-½ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] yky cgknqj 'kkL=h LukrdksRrjegkfon~;ky;] xks.Mkokfudh izf'k{k.k laLFkku] dkuiqj ¼m-iz-½iqu'p;kZ ikB~;Øe izfrHkkxh f'k{kd] vdkneh LVkQ dkysty[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅoSdfYid ÅtkZ vuqla/kku fodkl ,oa izf'k{k.k dsanz] y[kuÅ,DlkWu baVj dkyst] dSai csy ekxZ] y[kuÅouLifrfoKku foHkkx] Mh-,-oh- dkWyst] dkuiqjy[kuÅ ifCyd dkWyst] ^ch* CykWd] jktkthiqje] y[kuÅou izf'k{k.k laLFkku] fdnobZ uxj] dkuiqjlqjfHk ifCyd dkWyst] ds'ko uxj] lhrkiqj jksM] y[kuÅvkbZ-Vh- dkWyst] y[kuÅouLifrfoKku foHkkx] vejkorh fo'ofo|ky;] vejkorh]egkjk"VªouLifrfoKku foHkkx] Mh-ch-,l- dkWyst] dkuiqjiqu'p;kZ ikB~;Øe ds v/;kid ¼m-ç- ds fofHkUu fMxzh dkWystds½] y[kuÅ fo'ofo|ky;] y[kuÅA50

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005ikniky;ikniky; laca/kh inkFkksZa dh csgrjh ds fy, yxHkx 1100 ikni uewus]ijkxk.kfod inkFkksZa ds 196 uewus] dk"B Cykd ds 08 uewus rFkk nq/kokjk"Vªh; ikdZ y[kheiqj [khjh ¼m-ç-½ ls Qy ,oa cht ds 130 uewus vkSjrfeyukMq o dsjy ds m".kdfVca/kh; ouksa ls latks, gSaA leLr iknilkefxz;ksa dks izØfer fd;k x;kA laLFkku ds laxzgky; ds fy, [kkn~; ,oavkS"k/kh; egRo ds yxHkx 16 uewus Hkh mijksDr bykdksa ls latks, x,Aikniky; dks daI;wVjhd`r djus ds fy, vk¡dM+s QhM fd, tk jgs gSaAlkekuC;kSjk 2004-05 ds nkSjku oǹ~f/k ;ksxikniky;ikni çn'kZ 1,100 22,371iRrk izn'kZ 200 973f'kjk foU;klksa ds ysfeusVM 6 66ekm.Vldk"B laxzgdk"B CykWd 8 4,148dk"B pdrh 2 68dk"B ØksM 1,203 5,832dk"B LykbMsa - 4,180rkM+ LykbMsa ¼ruk] iRrk] o`ar] tM+½ - 3,195ijkxd.k laxzgijkxk.kfod inkFkZ 196 3,016ijkxk.kfod LykbMsa - 12,237Qy ,oa cht laxzgQy ,oa cht 130 4,331laxzgky; uewusvkSÔ/kh; ,oa [kkn~; ikni 16 91ikniky; lqfo/kk,¡ fuEukafdr dks nh xbZa %Jh oh-ds- flag] ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] fouksck Hkkos fo'ofon~;ky;]gt+kjhckx] >kj[kaMAMkW- vkj-lh- JhokLro] Hkkjrh; okuLifrd losZ{k.k] lsaVªy ldZy]bykgkcknAJh Hkk: xks;y] ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] ,e-,l- fo'ofon~;ky;]cMkSnkAlqJh eerk flag ;nqoa'kh] ouLifrfoKku foHkkx] ,e-,y-,lfo'ofon~;ky;]mn;iqjAn'kZdx.k %MkW- fofy;e bZ- okbV] dksyacks fo'ofon~;ky;] U;w;kdZAMkW- gu eh X;kax] jktdh; laxzgky;] nf{k.k dksfj;kAçks- psu&lsu fy] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku] phuh foKku vdkneh]chftaxAçks- ;w&Qh okax] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku] phuh foKku vdkneh]chftaxAMkW- Vkset+ ts+ykWUdk] ikWfy'k foKku vdkneh] iksyS.MAxksfcan cYyHk fo'ofon~;ky; ds fon~;kFkhZx.k] iaruxj] uSuhrky¼mÙkjkapy½AfØf'p;u fpfdRlk dkWyst o vLirky ds fon~;kFkhZx.k]yqf/k;kuk ¼iatkc½Adeyk usg: laLFkku ds fon~;kFkhZx.k] lqYrkuiqj ¼m-ç-½AjkT; ou vuqla/kku laLFkku ds ou larjh ¼izf'k{k.kkFkhZ½] dkuiqj¼m-ç-½Aiqu'p;kZ ikB~;Øe ds izfrHkkxh f'k{kdx.k] ,dsMfed LVkQ+ dkWyst]y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅA51

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanybysDVªkWfud vk¡dM+k lalk/kuHkkjr ¼y[kuŽ ds lkWVos;j VsDuksykWth ikdZ ls 256 fdyksckbV izfrlsdaM jsfM;ks ykbu lqfo/kk ds lkFk laLFkku esa baVjusV dusD'ku dks pkywfd;k x;k gSA izfri= Mkd o Mh-,u- ,l- loZj jsMgV ykbusDl bZ-,l-3.0 izpkyd ra= ij HkyhHkk¡fr la:fir gSA blls laLFkku deZpkjho`anksa dks24 ?kaVs baVjusV lqfo/kk feyrh gSA fQygky 68 daI;wVjksa dks LFkkuh; {ks=usVodZ ¼,y-,- ,u-½ ls tksM+k x;k gSA laLFkku ds oSKkfudksa ,oa fofHkUu,dka'kksa@vuqHkkxksa ds fy, bZ&esy ys[kk esy loZj n~okjk laLFkku dhmfYyf[kr ¼ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- jst+&bu½ ij [kksy nh xbZ gSA xok{kksa ¼foaMkst½dh ijLij lacn~/krk Hkh ykbul loZj ls la:fir dj nh xbZ gS rkfd xok{k¼foaMks½ iz;ksDrk ykbusDl lqj{kk o lsok,a ys ldsaAbl lky laLFkku us nl ;w-,l-ch- isu Mªkbo] ,d vkbvksesxk ckálh-Mh- jkbVj rFkk 800 oh-,- eqgS;k fd, gSaA 12 dkWjsy Mªk xzkfQdlwV rFkk 9.0 flXek IykWV lkWVosvj Hkh latks, gSaA laLFkku dh osclkbV¼http://www.bsip.res.in½ ds fy, dke yxHkx iwjk gS vkSj bldklaLFkku ds loZj ij ijh{k.k gks jgk gSAA iqjkokuLifrd foKku 'kCnksa dhlwph dks orZuh tk¡p ds fy, lesfdr dj fy;k x;k gSA iqjkokuLifrdfoKku 'kCnksa dks vaxzsth ls fganh esa vuqokn dk;Z izxfr ij gSAosru i=d] QkeZ&16 o isa'ku iSdstksa dks t:jr ds eqrkfcd la'kksf/krdj fy;k x;k gS rFkk laLFkku dk okf"kZd ys[kk] ctV ,oa la'kksf/krizkDdyuksa dks Hkh rS;kj fd;k x;k gSA vuqHkkx oSKkfudksa dks cgqlapkjizLrqfr] pkVZ] xzkQ] v'e&foKku laca/kh ,oa vU; 'kks/k laca/kh vkjs[kksa dsizdk'kuksa o izys[kuksa dks cukus esa fujarj lg;ksx ns jgk gSAifjPNsn dÙkZu bdkbZlaLFkku dh vusd bdkb;ksa esa ls ;g ,d egÙoiw.kZ bdkbZ gS tgk¡ ijthok'e ,oa 'kSy uewus dkVs tkrs gSa rFkk muds irys [k.Mksa dks rS;kj fd;ktkrk gSA o"kZ ds nkSjku 435 ls vf/kd uewus dkVs x, rFkk 1250 LykbMksadks rS;kj fd;k x;kA blds vfrfjDr oSKkfudksa n~okjk ijh{k.k gsrq 250Lykblsa rS;kj dha rFkk mu ij ikfy'k dh xbZAbl bdkbZ dk dbZ oSKkfudksa] fon~;kfFkZ;ksa rFkk v/;kidksa us Hkze.kfd;kA iknik'eksa dh iryh LykbMksa dks dkV dj] ikfy'k dj rS;kj djdsn'kZdksa dks fn[kk;k x;kA52

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005laLFkkiuk fnol10 flracj] 2004 dks laLFkku us viuk 58ok¡ laLFkkiuk fnol lekjksgeuk;kA bl volj ij çksQslj ih- jkepUnz jko] dqyifr] cukjl fganwfo'ofon~;ky;] okjk.klh] us ßo`{k% vfHk;Urkvksa dk izg"kZÞ foÔ; ijv"Ve t;arh O;k[;ku fn;kA çksQslj ,l-ch- flag] dqyifr] y[kuÅfo'ofon~;ky; y[kuÅ] us lekjksg dh v/;{krk dhA dbZ vfrfFkx.k ,oalaLFkku ds ckgj ls vk, oSKkfudksa us bl lekjksg dh 'kksHkk c

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyjk"Vªh; foKku fnolfoKku vkSj izkSn~;ksfxdh foHkkx ds funsZ'ku ds rgr bl lky 1905esa vkbalVhu dh egku [kkstksa dks Jn~/kkatfy dh Le`fr esa HkkSfrdh dklekjksg fo"k; ij vk;ksftr jk"Vªh; foKku fnol ,d i[kokM+s ¼15-28Qjojh½ rd euk;k x;kA ckgj ds nks oDrkvksa lfgr laLFkku esa pkjO;k[;ku vk;ksftr fd, x,A laLFkku ds oSKkfud MkW- ,l- pØorhZ us 15Qjojh dks ^gjkRed mrkj&pus esa vkbalVhu ds fln~/kkar usdSls enn nh dh lksnkgj.k O;k[;k dhA laLFkku ds oSKkfud MkW- lh-,eukSfV;kyus viuh okrkZ esa rkjksa] ouLifr ,oa HkkSfrdh ds Hkw&mRifRr]HkkSxksfyd ,oa tyok;q laca/kh fLFkfr;ksa dk fofo/k rkjkeaMyksa ij [kkdk[khapk( ppkZ dh fd izkd`frd fo/kkuksa ls os c`gr :i ls dSls fu;af=r FksvkSj ;fn t:jh gqvk rks izk.k:iksa esa dSls izHkkodkjh gksaxs bl ij izdk'kMkykA egkfon~;ky; ds fon~;kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, ^varfj{k foKku Hkkjr ds fy,euksfouksn gS* fo"k; ij Hkk"k.k izfr;ksfxrk Hkh bl fnol ij gqbZA dk;Zdkjhfuns'kd us l= dh v/;{krk dh vkSj izks- jeu o vkbalVhu dks Jan~/kkatfynhA eq[; vfrfFk us fofo/k izfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fotsrkvksa dks iqjLdkj iznkufd,A dqy feykdj 24 iqjLdkjksa ds foKku iqLrdksa bR;kfn ds :i esa fn;kx;kA egkfon~;ky; izfr;ksfxrk ds leLr izfrHkkfx;ksa dks izks- lh-oh- jeudh ^vkdk'k uhyk D;ksa gS* fo"k; okyh NksVh iqLrdsa gh xbZaA bl fnu laLFkkulcds fy, [kqyk jgkAjk"Vªh; foKku fnol izfr;ksfxrkvksa ds fotsrkvksa ds lkFk çksQslj nsosUnz 'kekZ54

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005fof'k"V n'kZdx.kMkW- fxjkWM QkWLVj] 917 iksiyj fgy jksM] ckYVheksj] esjhyS.M]vejhdkAJh th-,Wl- JhokLro] iwoZ&miegkfuns'kd] Hkkjrh; HkwoSKkfudlosZ{k.k] y[kuÅAizks- ih- jkepUnz jko] dqyifr] cukjl fganw fo'ofon~;ky;]okjk.klhAizks- ,Wl-ch- flag] dqyifr] y[kuÅ fo'ofon~;ky;] y[kuÅAizks- ,Wl-ds- VaMu] fnYyh fo'ofon~;ky;] ubZ fnYyhAizks- ,-ds- fla?koh] HkkSfrdh vuqla/kku iz;ksx'kkyk] vgenkcknAMkW- fofy;e ,- jkbZV] dksyfEc;k ;wuhoflZVh U;w;kdZ] vejhdkAMkW- csatkehu vkbZ- dqd] ;wuhoflZVh vkWQ oftZfu;k] vejhdkAMkW- ,-ds- flag] dsanzh; [kuu vuqla/kku laLFkku] /kucknAçksQ+slj nsosUnz 'kekZ] iwoZ&dqyifr ¼bankSj ,oa xksj[kiqj fo'ofon~;ky;½y[kuÅMkW- psax&lsu yh] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku] chftax] phuAMkW- ;w&Qh ok¡x] ouLifrfoKku laLFkku] chftax] phuAçks- txnh'k lh- diwj] Hkkjrh; yksd ç'kklu laLFkku] ubZ fnYyhAMkW- fuDdh xzsuxj] LokLF; foHkkx] yanu] ;w-ds-AMkW- vkjflfu;ks ch- ,Yyk] ou mRiknu vuqla/kku ,oa fodkllaLFkku] Mh-,l-Vh- dkWyst] yxquk] fQfyfiUlAvkj{k.k ,oa NwVlaLFkku esa lh/kh HkrhZ gsrq fu/kkZfjr inksa esa vuqlwfpr tkfr] vuqlwfprtutkfr ,oa vU; fiNM+k oxZ Dsÿ vH;fFkZ;ksa dks ;Fkksfpr izfrfuf/kRo iznkudjus Dsÿ mn~ns'; ls Hkkjr ljdkj n~okjk Lok;Rr'kklh laLFkkuksa Dsÿ fy, ykxwgksus okys rFkk le;≤ ij la'kksfÌr fd, x, lkekU; vkj{k.k vkns'kksadk n`

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyjktHkk"kk dh fLFkfrljdkjh dke esa fganh iz;ksx dks ck] Jh Mh-ds- iky ,oa Jh vfouk'k JhokLro r`rh;fDot+ esa 'kkfey Vheksa esa MkW- ,- jtuhdkUr] MkW- ¼Jherh½ jtuh frokjho dqekjh vuqie tSu çFke] MkW- jkds'k lDlsuk] MkW- bZ-th- [kjs o Jhnhid ik.Ms; n~forh;] MkW- vkj-vkj- ;kno] MkW- ,l-ds- csjk o Jhvfouk'k JhokLro r`rh; us iqjLdkj >VdsA vafre fnu okn&fooknçfr;ksfxrk vk;ksftr gqbZ ftlesa MkW- ¼Jherh½ uhjtk >k çFke] MkW- vkjds-lDlsuk n~forh; rFkk Jh ds-lh- panksyk r`rh; fotsrk FksA MkW- ,-jtuhdkUr dks loZJs"B ^vfganh Hkk"kh izfrHkkxh* dk fo'ks"k iqjLdkj ?kksf"krfd;kA ch-lk-iq-la- ds fof'k"V oSKkfud MkW- vkj-,u- y[kuiky lekjksgds eq[; vfrfFk FksA ,d vU; ch-lk-iq-la- ds iwoZ oSKkfud MkW- ,e-ch-15 flracj] 2004 dks vk;ksftr ^dfo lEesyu* ds lgHkkxh56

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005ckaMs us Hkh lekjksg esa fopkj izLrqr fd,A MkW- ¼lqJh½ t;Jh cSjuth uslekiu l= dh v/;{krk dhAfganh çksRlkgu iqjLdkjçks- ts-,l- flag v/;{k] 'kklh eaMy us laLFkkid fnol ij fganh iz;ksxdks c

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyLVkQfuns'kdMkW- ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k ¼01.03.2005 ls½oSKkfud¼uke ^miuke* Dsÿ vk/kkj ij vaxszt+h Dsÿ vdkjkfn Dzÿe esa gSa½oSKkfud ^,WQ*MkW- ¼lqJh½ t;Jh cSujth ¼dk;Zdkjh funs'kd 28.02.2005 rd½MkW- vfuy pUnzk ¼lsokfuo`Ùk 31.12.2004½MkW- jkgqy xxZMkW- jes’k dqekj lDlsukMkW- eukst ’kqDyMkW- vf’ouh dqekj JhokLroMkW- xtsUnz izrki JhokLro] ¼lsokfuo`Ùk 30.09.2004½MkW- ¼Jherh½ vpZuk f=ikBhoSKkfud ^bZ*MkW- vfuy vxzokyMkW- ¼Jherh½ ÅÔk cktisbZMkW- tloUr flag xqysfj;kMkW- ¼Jherh½ uhjtk >kMkW- ¼Jherh½ vk’kk [k.MsyokyMkW- txUukFk izlkn e.MyMkW- clUr dqekj feJMkW- eqykxykiYyh jkepUnz jkoMkW- lehj ljdkjMkW- jek’kadj flagMkW- lw;ZdkUref.k f=ikBhMkW- jkejru ;knoMkW- ¼dq-½ fot;koSKkfud ^Mh*MkW- :isUnz ckcwMkW- lehj dqekj csjkMkW- veykHk HkV~Vkpk;ZMkW- vuUr izlkn HkV~Vkpk;Z] ¼fu/ku 21.06.2004½MkW- eksgu flag pkSgkuMkW- ¼dq-½ vk’kk xqIrMkW- c`tsUnz ukFk tkukMkW- [oktk vrhdqT+t+ek¡MkW- ek/ko dqekjMkW- Hkxokunkl nksekth e.MkodjMkW- fd.Mq yky eh.kkMkW- jkds’k pUnz esgjks=kMkW- pUnz eksgu ukSfV;kyMkW- ¼Jherh½ uh: izdk’kMkW- egs’k izlknMkW- ¼Jherh½ T;ksRluk jk;MkW- vUuejktq jtuhdkUrMkW- jke vorkjMkW- fnus’k pUnz lSuhMkW- vksseizdk’k f’konkl ljkVsMkW- jkds’k lDlsukMkW- eqdqan ’kekZMkW- ¼Jherh½ vYiuk flagMkW- Hkxoku nkl flagMkW- deythr flagMkW- ¼Jherh½ papyk JhokLroMkW- ¼Jherh½ jf’e JhokLroMkW- ';ke pUnz JhokLro ¼cj[k+kLr 23.03.2005½MkW- ¼Jherh½ jtuh frokjhMkW- KkusUnz dqekj f=osnhoSKkfud ^lh*MkW- lqfiz; pØorhZMkW- ¼Jherh½ vatqe Q+k:dhMkW- vfer dqekj ?kksÔMkW- ¼Jherh½ oUnuk izlknMkW- vuqie ’kekZMkW- jktho mik/;k; ¼R;kxi= 19.07.2004½oSKkfud ^,*MkW- ¼Jherh½ fcuhrk Q+frZ;kyMkW- vfuy dqekj iks[kfj;kbesfjVl oSKkfudMkW- ¼Jherh½ Nk;k ’kekZchjcy lkguh vuqla/kku v/;srkJh fgeka’kq /kj f}osnhdq- :fc ?kksÔJh fcdk’k xksxksbZdq- Jqfr feJJh vkse izdk’kdq- vkjk/kuk flag58

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^Mh*MkW- ckyklqczkef.k;u lsdjrduhdh dkfeZdrduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh*Jh izeksn dqekj cktisbZMkW- ¼Jherh½ ek/kch pØorhZJherh bfUnjk xks;yJherh vk’kk xqysfj;kJh iou flag dfV;kjMkW- ,dukFk xoth [kjsJh riu dqekj eaMyJh fouksn dqekj flagrduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch*Jherh jhrk cuthZJherh lquhrk [kUukJherh dfork dqekjJh pUnzikyJh isze izdk’kJh fot; çrki flagJh ;ksxsUnz izrki flagJh vfous’k dqekj JhokLrorduhdh vf/kdkjh ^,*Jh e/kqdj vjfoUnJh lqcks/k dqekjJh jru yky esgjkJh jes’k pUnz feJJh iznhi eksguJh fot; dqekj fuxeJh ds’kojkerduhdh lgk;d ^bZ*Jh pUnzcyhJh vkyksd dqekj ?kksÔJh fot; flag i¡okjJh larjke ;knorduhdh lgk;d ^Mh*Jh lS;n jkf’kn vyhJh fnxEcj flag fc"VMkW- Jh:i xksLokeh ¼R;kxi= 25.06.2004½Jh /khjsUnz dqekj ikyJh ,l- lqjs’k dqekj fiYySJh /khjsUnz ’kekZJh ek/kosUnz flagJh lat; dqekj flagJh jktdqekj rarqvk ¼nks lky ds fy;u ij 04.03.2005½Jh ,l-,e- osnuk;de~rduhdh lgk;d ^lh*Jh NksVs yky oekZrduhdh lgk;d ^ch*Jh vouh’k dqekjJh enu flag jk.kkJh lqHkkÔ pUnz flagJh vt; dqekj JhokLrorduhdh lgk;d ^,*Jh iou dqekjJh lkSjHk iz/kku ¼R;kx i= 16.09.2004½Jh vkse çdk’kizk;ksftr ifj;kstuk dkfeZduqlvuqla/kku lg;ksxhMkW- jru dj] ifj;kstuk vUosÔdMkW-¼Jherh½ uohrk cq)jktk] vuqla/kku lg;ksxh ¼dk;ZdkylekIr 31.07.2004½Jh t;sUnz flag] vuqla/kku lg;ksxh ¼R;kx i= 25.08.2004½Jh larksÔ dqekj ’kkg] ofj"B vuqla/kku v/;srkdq- nsch nÙkk] ofj"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] ¼dk;Zdky lekIr28.02.2005½Jh jkts'k prqosZnh] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] ¼R;kx i=25.06.2004½Jherh cchrk flag] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] ¼R;kx i=30.09.2004½Jherh ef.k 'kekZ] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] ¼R;kx i=17.01.2005½dq- Hkk"kk nwcs] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] ¼dk;Zdky lekIr30.09.2004½dq- fu'kk pUnzk] vuqla/kku lgk;d] ¼dk;Zdky lekIr23.09.2004½dqylfpoJh lqjs’k pUnz cktisbZys[kkf/kdkjhJh jktdqekj Vd:ç’kklfud dkfeZd59

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyvuqj{k.k vf/kdkjhJh jk/kkcYyHk dqdjsrh ¼lsokfuo`Ùk 31.03.2005½vuqHkkx vf/kdkjhJh bUnzthr flag csnhJh jktfd’kksj diwj ¼LFkkukiUu½Jh bUnzthr esgjkJherh oh- fueZykfuth lfpoJherh ,e- txr~tuuhys[kkdkjJh /kwe flag ¼LFkkukiUu½lgk;dJherh #fprk ckslJherh ÅÔk pUnzkJh gjh ykyJherh LoIuk etwenkj ¼LFkkukiUu½Jh dq¡oj çrki flag ¼LFkkukiUu½Jh dks’kh FkkWel ¼LFkkukiUu½Jherh ih- FkkWelvk’kqfyfidJh eq#xu fiYySçoj Js.kh fyfiddq- fp=k pVthZ ¼LFkkukiUu½Jh feJh ykyJh ’kSysUnz flag i¡okjJh jkes’oj izlkn ¼LFkkukiUu½Jherh ’kSy flag jkBkSjJh xksiky flagJh vfouk’k dqekj JhokLroJherh jsuw JhokLroJh ,u- mUuhdUuuvoj Js.kh fyfidJh vf[ky vUrypkydJh uQhl vgen ¼III½Jh nsosUnz dqekj feJ ¼II½Jh enu eksgu feJ ¼II½Jh fot; izrki flag ¼II½Jh iq"isUnz dqekj feJ ¼I½ifjpkjd ^IV* ¼rduhdh½Jh dSyk’k pUnz pUnksykifjpkjd ¼III½Jh gjk/ku egkUrhJh ds’kks jkeJh çsepUnzJh jke nhuJh jke fd’kuJh jke flagifjpkjd ¼II½Jherh ek;k nsohJherh eqUuhJh dSyk’k ukFkJh euh yky ikyJh eks- ’kdhyJh JhjkeJh cke flagJh dsnkj ukFk ;knoprqFkZ Js.kh dkfeZdifjpkjd ¼I½Jh jkts’k dqekj voLFkhJh d`".k dqekj cktisbZJherh chukJh nhid dqekjJh fo’oukFk ’kkUrkjke xk;dokM+Jh gfj fd’kuJh bUnz dqekjJh /ku cgknqj dq¡ojJh lqHkkÔ pUnz feJdq- ufUnuhJh jke /khjtJherh jke dyhJh jke mtkxjJh jes’k dqekjekyhJh jkes’oj çlkn iky ¼III½Jh jke pUnj ¼I½Jh jke dsoy ¼I½Jh eFkqjk çlkn ¼I½60

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005fu;qfDr;k¡ ,oa inksUufr;k¡fu;qfDr;k¡MkW- ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k] funs'kd] 01.03.2005 lsMkW- 'kkUruq pVthZ] vuqla/kku lg;ksxh ¼besfjVl oSKkfud dhifj;kstuk esa½] 11.06.2004 lsJherh ef.k 'kekZ] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] 11.06.2004 lsJh d`".k xksiky feJ] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] 01.11.2004 lsdq- fnO;k JhokLro] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] 12.01.2005 lsdq- o`frdk flag] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] 14.02.2005 lsdq- T;ksfr 'kekZ] dfu"B vuqla/kku v/;srk] 23.02.2005 lsJh txnh'k izlkn] {ks=h; lgk;d] 29.10.2004 lsinksUufr;k¡MkW- vf’ouh dqekj JhokLro] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ ÅÔk cktisbZ] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ uhjtk >k] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ vk’kk [k.Msyoky] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- clUr dqekj feJ] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- eqykxykiYyh jkepUnz jko] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- lehj ljdkj] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- jkejru ;kno] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- :isUnz ckcw] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- vuUr izlkn HkV~Vkpk;Z] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- eksgu flag pkSgku] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼dq-½ vk’kk xqIr] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- [oktk vrhdqT+t+ek¡] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ T;ksRluk jk;] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ vYiuk flag] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- Hkxoku nkl flag] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ jf’e JhokLro] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ jtuh frokjh] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ vatqe Q+k:dh] oSKkfud ^lh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- vfer dqekj ?kksÔ] oSKkfud ^lh* 01.04.2002 lsMkW- xtsUnz izrki JhokLro] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- jek’kadj flag] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- lw;ZdkUref.k f=ikBh] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- Hkxokunkl nksekth e.Mkodj] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ uh: izdk’k] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- jkgqy xxZ] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- jes’k dqekj lDlsuk] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- eukst ’kqDy] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ vpZuk f=ikBh] oSKkfud ^,Q* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- vfuy vxzoky] oSKkfud ^bZ* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- fd.Mq yky eh.kk] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- KkusUnz dqekj f=osnh] oSKkfud ^Mh* 01.04.2004 lsMkW- ¼Jherh½ ek/kch pØorhZ] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2002 lsJherh vk’kk xqysfj;k] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2002 lsJh riu dqekj eaMy] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2002 lsJherh lquhrk [kUuk] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2002 lsJh jru yky esgjk] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^,* 01.04.2002 lsJh fouksn dqekj flag] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2003 lsJh fot; dqekj fuxe] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^,* 01.04.2003 lsJh ds’kojke] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^,* 01.04.2003 lsMkW- ,dukFk xoth [kjs] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2004 lsJh iou flag dfV;kj] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^lh* 01.04.2004 lsJherh jhrk cuthZ] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2004 lsJherh dfork dqekj] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2004 lsJh pUnziky] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2004 lsJh fot; çrki flag] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2004 lsJh vfous’k dqekj JhokLro] rduhdh vf/kdkjh ^ch* 01.04.2004 lsJh larjke ;kno] rduhdh lgk;d ^bZ* 01.04.2004 lsJh pUnzcyhs] rduhdh lgk;d ^bZ* 01.04.2004 ls61

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany62çdkf'kr 'kks/k&i=lanfHkZr tuZyvxzoky ,- ,oa jtuhdkUr ,- 2004- dkosjh nzks.kh ds fØVs'l ls çkIriksMksdkisZfl;u dk"B- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 :173-176.vEcokuh ds-] dj vkj-ds-] JhokLro vkj- ,oa nÙkk Mh- 2004.e/;çns'k ds fNanokM+k ftys ds eksgxk¡o dyk¡ dh nD[ku vUrVsZªih;laLrjksa ls çkIr vVhZdsflvl Qy dh çkfIr- ftvksQkbVksykWth 32: 29-33.csjk ,l-ds- 2004- /kzqoh; >hy ØksM volknksa es yach nwjh ls LFkkukarfjrijkxd.kksa&chtk.kqvksa rFkk LFkkuh; lw{ethoksa n~okjk bafxr iwohZ vaVkdZfVdkesa vafre gksykslhu iqjkgok,a ,oa tyok;oh ifjorZu- djsaV lkbal86 (11) : 1485-1488.HkV~Vkpk;Z ,-ih- ,oa JhokLro ,-ds- 2004. Hkkjr esa iwoksZÙkj fgeky;ds nkftZfyax {ks= ds ijfe;u volknksa dk iqjkokuLifrd v/;;uftvksQkbVksykWth33 : 73-79.pkSgku ,e-,l-] 'kekZ lh-] flag vkbZ-ch- ,oa 'kekZ ,l- 2004- e/;xaxk ds eSnku dh cklgk >hy ls vafre gksykslhu ouLifr ,oatyok;q&laca/kh ifjorZu ds çkDlh fjdkMZ- ts- isfy;UVkWy- lkslkbafM;k49 : 27-34.tkuk ch-,u- 2004- xqtjkr ds /kzqax/kkjk 'kSy&lewg ds fuEu fØVs'klv'ehHkwr ouLifrtkr esa vlekurkA ftvksQkbVksykWth 33 : 81-85.>k ,u- 2004- vka/kz çns'k dh fparyiqMh minzks.kh ds cksVkikxqMse {ks= lsçkIr dks;yk/kkjd volknksa dk ijkxk.kfod dkyfu/kkZj.k- isfy;ksckWVfuLV53 : 61-67.dj vkj-ds-] vEcokuh ds-] vxzoky ,- ,oa lkgk ,l-ds- 2004-ckaXykns'k ds dksfeYyk ftys dh yky ekbZ ioZr Jsf.k;ksa ls çkIrXywVkWDlhykWu cesZal ¼gksYMsu½ pkS/kjh ij fVIif.k;k¡A isfy;ksckWVfuLV53 : 137-142.dj vkj-ds-] eksgkcs] Mh-,e- ,oa JhokLro vkj- 2004- egkjk"VªyesVk 'kSy&lewg ekfLVªfD'k;u] vko`rchth; v'ehHkwr dk"BsaAftvksQkbVksykWth 33 : 21-27.dj vkj-ds-] 'kekZ ,u- ,oa dj vkj- 2004- Mk;uklksj xkscj esathok'e dod dh çkfIr vkSj [kkn~; LoHkko esa bldk luko] djsaVlkbal 87 (8) : 1053-1056.[oktk&vrhdqT+tek¡ ,oa xxZ vkj- 2004- /kw.khZd'kkHk iqV~Vh yscsfjMkslk;LVk\ LdscszVk ¼tSu ,oa rkSxksjMhm&yk¡V~t+½ vkfdZvksikby dk iqufuZoZpuLVksoj ,oa ,foV 1978 rFkk bldk ofxZdh; iqufuZ/kkZj.k- tsekbØksisfy;ksaVksykWth23 : 11-14.[oktk&vrhdqT+tek¡ ,oa xxZ vkj- 2004- Hkkjr dh dkosjh nzks.kh dsçkjafHkd rqjksfu;u ls çkIr ,d ubZ ?kw.khZd'kkHk iqV~Vhçtkfr&dsYysbvksLQsfjfM;e LdsczsVe uo çtkfrA isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53: 97-103.dqekj ,e-] cktisbZ ;w-] çdk'k ,u-] 'kqDyk ,e- ,oa JhokLro th-ih-2004- thok'e ds nkSjku iRrh mipeksZa dk tSofuEuhdj.k% çkjafHkdv/;;uA ts- isfy;kasVkWykWftdy lkslkbVh vkWQ bafM;k 49 : 151-157.dqekj ,e- ,oa cksjxksgkbu vkj- 2005- Åijh vle nzks.kh dh czg~eiq=unh ds mRrjh fdukjs ij fcgiqfj;k dq¡,&^,* dk ijkxk.kqlay{k.khfo'ys"k.k ,oa fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k- ts- ft;ksy- lkslk;Vh bafM;k 65: 70-82.dqekj ,e-] lDlsuk vkj-ds- ,oa pUnzk ,- 2004- fgan egklkxj dscaxky Qsu dh xgjs leqnz os/ku ifj;kstuk pj.k 22 dh lafLFkfr 218ds fuvksthu ,oa IyhLVkslhu volknksa ls çkIr ifjf{kIr dkcZfudinkFkZ- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 155-160.eaMy ts- ,oa fot;k 2004- Hkkjr esa if'peh caxky ds mii`"Bh;lhukst+ksbd volknksa ls çkIr vkWfyxkslhu&ek;kslhu ijkxk.kqleqPp;Avypsfjatk 28 : 493-503.eaMkodj ch-Mh- 2004- Hkkjr esa paQbZ {ks= ¼iwohZ fetksje ioZr Jsf.k;ksa½ds Åijh Hkqcu 'kSylewg dh vk;q ,oa fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.kA ,dijkxk.kqdh; igq¡p- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 33 : 143-153.eaMkodj ch-Mh-] esgjks=k vkj-lh ,oa etwenkj ch-vkbZ- 2004- Hkkjresa vle ds djhexat ds e/; ek;kslhu volknksa ls çkIr v'ehHkwrdk"BsaA ftvksQkbVksykWth 32 : 119-121.esgjks=k vkj-lh-] ik.Ms ,u- ,oa jkyheksaxyk 2004- ukxkySaM esaeksdksdpq¡x ftys ds pk¡xdh ds ek;kslhu volknksa ls çkIr nks v'ehHkwrdk"BsaA ftvksQkbVksykWth 32 : 79-82.feJk ih-ds-] jtuhdkUr ,-] tkSgjh ,-ds-] fd'kksj ,l- ,oa flag ,lds-2005- nf{k.k Hkkjr dh dkosjh nzks.kh ls çkIr vyfcvupwukiRFkj bekjr dkbZ- djsaV lkbal 87 : 1516-1518.ik.Ms ,-lh-] HkV~Vkpk;Z Mh-Mh-] >k ,u-] feJk vkj-,l- ,oa pUnzk ,l-2004- fgekpy çns'k esa pack ftys ds eaftj 'kSylewg ls çkIr fuEuijfe;u ijkxk.kqla:iksa dh [kkstA ,d lQy v/;;uA ts- ft;ksylkslkbVhbafM;k 63 : 665-669.QfrZ;ky ch-] 'kekZ ,-] mik/;k; vkj-] jke vorkj ,oa flUgk ,-ds-2005- Hkkjrh; mRrj if'pe fgeky; ds yn~nk[k esa iqjk ,oaorZeku lfjrkfgeh ljksojh fu{ksiksa dk DokVjujh HkwfoKku] foorZfud

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005,oa forj.k% {ks=h; çs{k.kksa ij vk/kkfjr v/;;uA ftvkseksQkZsykWth65 (3-4): 241-256.çdk'k ,u- ,oa dqekj ,e- 2004- e/; çns'k esa nf{k.k jhok xksaMokuknzks.kh ds çkjafHkd fØVs'kl fu{ksiksa esa fxaxdks fyu dh çkfIrA djsaVlkbal 87 : 1512-1515.çdk'k ,u- ,oa jtuhdkUr ,- 2004- nf{k.k jhok xksaMokuk nzks.kh dsck¡lk laLrj ls iksMksdkiksZDlhykWu ck¡lkUls uohu çtkfrA isfy;ksckWVfuLV53 : 105-112.çlkn ,e-] ?kks"k vkj- ,oa f=ikBh ih-ih- 2004- Hkkjr ds mRrjkapydh fgeky;h fxfjiknksa eas dkBxksnke ds lehi f'kokfyd ¼e/;ek;kslhu½ ds nkSjku ikni v/;;u rFkk tyok;qA ts- isfy;ksUVkWylkslk-bafM;k 49 : 35-93.çlkn ,e- ,oa [kjs bZ-th- 2005- if'peh usiky ds vqtZu [kksyk vuqØeds pqfj;k ¼f'kokfyd½ volknksa ls çkIr v'ehHkwr ifRr;ksa dk mipehZ;v/;;uA isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 105-112.jtuhdkUr ,- ,oa frokjh vkj- 2004- Hkkjr esa xksaMokuk dk"B v/;;uksa ds i;kZoj.kh; my>koA isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 69-82.jke vorkj] eq[kksik/;k; ,- ,oa vf/kdkjh ,l- 2004- Hkkjr esa e/;çns'k ds lksgkxiqj dks;yk{ks= ds ikyh 'kSylewg ds mii`"Bh; fuEuxksaMokuk dk ijkxk.kqLrfjdhfoKku- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 51-59.jko ,e-vkj- 2004- Hkkjr esa egkjk"Vª ds fla/kqnqxZ ftys ds dkyohckM+hesa vukofjr fla/kqnqxZ 'kSylewg ¼ek;kslhu½ dk ijkxk.kfod v/;;uAisfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 123-135.ljkVs vks-,l- 2004- egkjk"Vª esa o/kkZ ?kkVh dks;yk {ks= ds dkslaj]Mksxjxk¡o ,oa egkMksyh {ks=ksa ds dks;yksa ij tSo'kSfydh; vUos"k.kA tsft;ksykWthdylkslkbVh vkWQ bafM;k 63 : 406-414.lDlsuk vkj-ds- ,oa [kjs ,l- 2004- Hkkjr esa rfeyukMq ds fr:fpjkiYyhftys ds t;EdksaMkpksykiqje dq¡vk 12 dk ijkxk.kfod vUos"k.kAftvksQkbVksykWth 34 (1-2).'kekZ ,e- ,oa ljxho oh-,u- 2004- Hkkjr rFkk :l ds ehlksçksVhjkstksbd'kSylewgksa esa dkcksZusV vo{ksi ç.kkfy;k¡ ,oa lkgp;Z lw{ethok'e&,drqyukRed v/;;uA fçdsacfjvu fjlpZ 134 : 317-347.'kekZ ,e- ,oa 'kqDyk ,e- 2004- Hkkjr ds /kkjokM+ ØsVu ds fp=nqxkZlewg ls çkIr ,d ubZ vkfdZ;u LVªksesVksykbV rFkk bldk egÙoAisfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 5-16.'kqDyk ,e-] ckcw vkj-] ekFkqj oh-ds-] ,oa JhokLro Mh-ds- 2004-Hkkjr ds fgekpy yslj fgeky; es rky lewg ds ryh; Hkkx lsb;w,aMksfyfFkd thotkr dk çFke vfHkys[k- djsaV lkbal 87 (7) :868-870.'kqDyk ,e-] ckcw vkj-] ekFkqj oh-ds-] ,oa JhokLro Mh-ds- 2005-Hkkjr esa mÙkjkapy ds fuEu fgeky; dh uSuhrky flaDykbu dsjaÝk&Øksy leqPp;ksa ls çkIr vfrfjDr lhekorhZ çksVhjkstksbd dkcZfudfHkfÙke; lw{ethok'e- ts- ft;ksykWftdy lkslkbVh vkWQ bafM;k 65(2) : 197-210-flag ts- ,oa ;kno vkj-vkj- 2005- Hkkjr esa 1731 bZlk iwoZ ls o`{koy;ksa ij ;Fkkfuxfer if'peh fgeky; ij olar vo{ksi.kksa dkmrkj&pk ,u- ,oa mik/;k; vkj- 2004- iwohZ djkdksje esaNksaxrk'k 'kSylewg dh ijkxk.kfod dkyfu/kkZj.k ij vfrfjDr tkudkjh,oa bldk ikni HkkSxksfyd vfHkçk;- djsaV lkbal 86 (5) : 719-723-JhokLro ,-ds- ,oa frokjh vkj- 2004- ijfe;u uks,xjsfFk;ksfIllifÙk;ksa dk vkdkfjdh; ,oa mipehZ; v/;;u- ftvksQkbVksykWth 32: 83-89.JhokLro lh- 2004- mÙkj çns'k ds cjsyh ftys ds vfgPN= ls çkIrdk"B vo'ks"k ¼yxHkx 475 bZlk iwoZ ls 1280 bZloha rd½isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 161-168.JhokLro vkj- ,oa xqysfj;k ts-,l- 2004- fgekpy çns'k ds dlkSyhvo'ks"kksa ls çkIr i.kZ eqnzk'e ,oa mudk iqjki;kZoj.kh; egÙoftvksQkbVksykWth32 : 97-106.JhokLro vkj- ,oa xqysfj;k ts-,l- 2004- Hkkjr esa e/; çns'k ds csrwyftys ds nDdu varjVsªih; vo'ks"kksa ls çkIr ,ukdkfMZ,lh dhv'ehHkwr dk"B- ftvksQkbVksykWth 33 : 53-56.JhokLro vkj- ,oa dj vkj-ds- 2004- e/; çns'k ds eksgxk¡o dyk¡ dsnD[ku varjVsªih; laLrjksa dk uohu v'ehHkwr vf/ki.khZ dod¼ikWfygkbQsfFkjkbV~l½ dk fjdkMZ- djsaV lkbal 86 : 866-867-frokjh vkj- ,oa esgjks=k vkj-lh- 2004- vle ds frulqfd;k ftysds ekdqe dks;yk{ks= ls çkIr mipehZ; rarq rFkk mudk iqjktyok;ohegÙo- QkbVksekWQksykWth 53 : 269-284-frokjh vkj-] jtuhdkUr ,- ,oa >k ,u- 2004- Hkkjr dh o/kkZ nzks.khls çkIr ijfe;u xksaMokuk xq#chtk.kq- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 35-50.f=ikBh ,- 2004- Hkkjr ds jktegy nzks.kh esa vc rd vekU; tqjkfldvolknhdj.k ds ijkxk.kqfoKku çek.k- fjfoLVk bVkfyvkuk fMisfy;kWaVksyksftvk b LVªsfVxzkfQ;k 110 (1) : 35-42.f=ikBh ,- 2004- Hkkjr esa mM+hlk ds rypj dks;yk{ks= esa Åijhijfe;u dks;yk fufgr f{kfrt esa vn~forh; tSo vo'ks"k- ijkxk.kqfoKku28 : 121-128.f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e-] dqekj ,e- ,oa fdMfol ,e- 2004- ijkjpukvUos"k.k esa lh 60 Qqysju@csat+ksy ?kksy ds ç;ksx ds ykHk% lk;dl:EQ+h fed ijkxd.k- djsaV lkbal 87 (6) : 769-771-f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e-] dqekj ,e-] fdMfol ,e- ,oa tsdlks Mh- 2004-ekyoslh dqy ds vkaf'kd :i ls P;qr ijkxd.kksa ij Øeoh{k.k63

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanybysDVªkWu lw{en'khZ tk¡p- IykaV lsy ck;ksykWftdy Msoya 16 : 57-67-mik/;k; vkj-] jke vorkj] dj vkj-ds- ,oa flUgk ,-ds- 2004-Hkkjr esa yn~nk[k ds baMl lqnwj eaMy ds vxzpki nzks.kh ds isfyvkslhufodkl ds fy, ijkxk.kfod lk{;- Vsjk uksok 16 : 216-225-mik/;k; vkj-] jke vorkj] dj vkj-ds- ,oa flUgk ,-ds- 2004-Hkkjr esa yn~nk[k ds baMl lqnwj eaMy ds ykek;q: dkWEiysDl ls çkIre/;&vafre tqjkfld ijkxk.kqla:iksa dk çFke vfHkys[k- djsaV lkbal88 (6) : 980-986-osadVpkyk ch-,l-] eaMkodj ch-Mh- ,oa dj vkj-ds- 2004- es;sfjikWfYylcDlh ,oa osadVpkyk ¼1970½ ij vxys çs{k.k- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53: 169-172.;kno vkj-vkj-] ikdZ MCY;w&ds-] flag ts- ,oa nqcs ch- 2004- D;kif'peh fgeky;h {ks= xksydh; xjekgV dks pqukSrh nsrs gSa \ft;ksfQftdy- fjlpZ ysVlZ % 31.;kno vkj-vkj-] flag ts-] nqcs ch- ,oa prqosZnh vkj- 2004- Hkkjrds if'peh fgeky;h {ks= esa tyok;q ifjorZu rFkk laØfedh lhekvksaesa o`{k oǹ~f/k ij bldk çHkko- djsaV lkbal 86 (8) : 1152-1156-vU; tuZypkSgku ,e-,l- 2004. iwohZ e/; çns'k esa vafre gksykslhu ouLifr ,oatyok;q laca/kh ifjorZu- xksaMokuk ft;ksy- esxthu 19 (2) : 165-175.xqysfj;k ts-,l-] lsdj ch- ,oa uk;j ,e-oh- 2004- dsjy ds vyIiqt+kftys ds FkkbDdky dh [kqnkbZ ls izkIr tgkt ds dk"B uewus dh igpkuij ,d fjiksVZ- lkbal ,aM dYpj 70 (3-4) : 169-170.eh.kk ds-,y- 2004- Hkkjr es mM+hlk ds lqanjx< ftys ds bZc&unhdks;yk {ks= ds claq/kjk ukys esa vukofjr Hkwi`"Bh; volknksa dkijkxk.kqfoKkuA ekbuVsdA 25 (4) : 51-56.eh.kk ds-,y- ,oa xksLokeh ,l- 2004- Hkkjr esa mM+hlk dh bZc&unhnzks.kh ds rk¡xkMhg {ks= ls çkIr vafre ijfe;u volknksa dk ijkxk.kqLrfjdh; v/;;uA ekbuVsdA 25 (1) : 18-26.flag ch-Mhs- 2004- lksu nzks.kh esa flaxjkSyh dks;yk{ks= ls rqjk lhe dsdks;ys dk ltkrh; ewY;kadu- ekbuVsd 25 (2-3) : 3-18-flUgk ,-ds-] >k ,u- ,oa mik/;k; vkj- 2004- djkdksje isjhxksaMokukçkUr dk ,d vfHkUu vax iqjkijkxk.kqfod çek.k ¼fganh esa½- ch ch, , ih ¼twu½ : 86-91-dk;Z fooj.k ,oa laikfnr iqLrdsavoLFkh ,u- ,oa esgjks=k vkj-lh- 2005- v:.kkpy çns'k ds frjiftys ds fuvksthu volknksa ls çkIr ,d iknik'e dk"Bfxoksf'kvksvkWDlhyksu fjlhuksMsUMªkWbfMt+ uo oa'k ,oa iztkfr- jsM~Mhih-vkj- ,oa vU; n~okjk laikfnr iqfLrdk&okuLifrd vuqla/kku esalhyk fcukbZ% orZeku n`';ys[k] lh-th-ds- jkekuqte Le`fr [k.M]nÙklUl] ukxiqj : 255-258.cktisbZ ;w- 2004- ikni Årdksa ds v/;;u esa Øeoh{k.k bysDVªkWulw{en'khZ rFkk blds vuqç;ksx- ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oa ikni vkd`frfoKku esa r: iafDr %fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.k laca/kh ifjn`';] izks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd[kaM : 295-306.cSujth ts- 2004- dPN nzks.kh ds ek;kslhu ds xq#ouLifrtkr ,oa budkiqjkikfjfLFkfrd Hkko izn'kZu- ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oa ikni vkd`frfoKku esaa r:iafDr%fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.k laca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd[kaM : 199-206.csjk ,l-ds- 2005- m-ç- esa x

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005izokyh 'kSokyA ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku,oa ikni vkd`fr foKku esa r:iafDr % fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.klaca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM : 249-262.xqysfj;k ts-,l- 2005- if'peh Hkkjr ds dPN esa nD[ku varjVªsih;volknksa esa nks ,d cht i=h dh izkfIr & ih- vkj- jsM~Mh ,oa vU;n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd& okuLifrd vuqla/kku esa lhyk fcukbZ% orZekun`';ys[k] lh-th-ds- jkekuqte Le`fr [kaM] nÙklal] ukxiqj : 233-244.xqysfj;k ts-,l-] esgjks=k vkj-lh- ,oa voLFkh ,u- 2005- lhukst+ksbdxq# thok'eksa dh uke in~/kfrA ih-vkj-jsM~Mh ,oa vU; n~okjk laikfnriqLrd & okuLifrd vuqla/kku esa lhyk fcukbZ% orZeku n`';ys[k lhth-ds-jkekuqte Le`fr [akM] nÙklal] ukxiqj : 301-310.tkuk ch-,u- 2004. dPN ds v'ehHkwr ouLifrtkr&1% ehlkst+ksbdxq#chtk.kq- ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku,oa ikni vkd`frfoKku esa r:iafDr % fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.klaca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM : 221-227.diwj ,p-,e-] ekgs'ojh ,p-ds ,oa cktisbZ ;w- 2004- vafre isfy;kst+ksbdds nkSjku xksaMokuk ckgjh egkn~ohi dh mRrjh lhek dk fodklh;bfrgkl- ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku,oa iknivkd`frfoKku esa r:iafDr % fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.k laca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM : 119-131.[k.Msyoky ,- ,oa feJk ,y- 2005- y[kuÅ dh lCtheaMh esa ok;qdodouLifrtkr dk fo'ys"k.k- ,-ts- lksykseu jktw n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&ijkxd.k chtk.kq vuqla/kku esa cnyrh ço`fÙk;k¡- VqMs ,oaVqekjkst fçaVj ,oa ifCy'klZ : 1-10-ekgs'ojh ,p-ds- ,oa tkuk ch-,u- 2004- Hkkjr dh dPN nzks.kh esaVhyksfQYye ouLifrtkr ds chtk.kq rFkk ijkxd.k- ih-lh- JhokLron~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oa ikni vkd`frfoKku esar:iafDr % fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.k laca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iarLekjd [kaM : 207-219.ekbrh ih-ds- ,oa ckcw vkj- 2004- Hkkjrh; ehlksçksVhjkst+ksbd vuqØels çkIr dkcZue; lw{ethok'eksa pqvkfj;k] roqb;k ,oa lacaf/krvo'ks"kksa ij dqN ubZ tkudkfj;k¡A ih-vkj- jsM~Mh ,oa vU; n~okjklaikfnr iqLrd&okuLifrd vuqla/kku es lhyk fcukbZ% orZeku ifjn~';]lh-th-ds- jkekuqte Le`fr [kaM] nar lal] ukxiqj : 175-188.eaMkodj ch-Mh- ,oa vEcokuh ds- 2005- Hkkjr ds v:.kkpy çns'k dsikni ,oa tUrq x#thok'e- ih-vkj- jsM~Mh ,oa vU; n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&okuLifrd vuqla/kku esa lhyk fcukbZ% orZeku ifjn~';] lhth-ds-jkekuqte Le`fr [kaM] nÙklaal] ukxiqj : 259-265.jko ,e-vkj- 2005- nf{k.k Hkkjr ds vkWfyxkslhu&ek;kslhu volknksa dsfo'ks"k lanHkZ esa LrfjdhfoKku esa vko`rchth ijkxd.kA ih-vkjjsM~Mh,oa vU; n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd& okuLifrd vuqla/kku esa lhykfcukbZ% orZeku ifjn`';] lh- th-ds- jkekuqte Le`fr [kaM] nÙklal]ukxiqj : 153-162.lkguh ,-] jk.kk vkj-,l-] ykW;y vkj-,l-] ljLorh ih-ds-] ekFkqj,l-ds-] jksl ds-Mh-] f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e- ,oa xxZ vkj- 2004-if'peh rV isfy;kslhu&fuEu bvkslhu yxqMkaxkj% tSoLrfjdh ,oaiqjkikfjfLFkfrdh; leL;k,aA n~forh; ,-ih-th- lEesyu] [ktqjkgks¼bysDVªkWfud :ikarj½lSuhMh-lh- 2004- e/; çns'k ds lh/kh ftys esa ekuotkfr& ikni fo"koSKkfud v/;;uA ih-lh- prqosZnh ,oa ,u-ds- 'kekZ n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&,FkuksesMhfluy] ikbaVj ifCy'klZ] t;iqj ¼jktLFkku½] Hkkjr: 192-225.ljdkj ,l- ,oa dkWjfoul th- 2004- usiky ds f'kokfyd volknksa east+hXuhesVklh ds ;qXek.kqvksa dk iqjkikfjfLFkfrdh; egÙoA ds'kjh]djxqIrk ,oa eqLrQk n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&Hkkjrh; 'kSokyfoKku dh>ydsa] fc'ku flag egsUnziky flag] n~okjk çdkf'kr] nsgjknwu] Hkkjr: 291-300.lDlsuk vkj-ds-] ?kks"k ,-ds- ,oa pUnzk ,- 2004. Hkkjr ds fyVyvaMeku n~ohi dh gV cs 'kSylewg ¼e/;&vafre ek;kslhu½ dhpwukiRFkj bdkbZ ls dSfYl;eh 'kSokyA ts-ih- ds'kjh ,oa ,-,udjxqIrkn~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&Hkkjrh; 'kSokyfoKku dh >ydsa]fc'kuflag egsUnziky flag] nsgjknwu % 275-301.'kekZ ,e- ,oa 'kqDyk ,e- 2004- Hkkjr ds dqM~Mik egklewg ds oseiYyh,oa rkM+i=h 'kSylewgksa ls çkIr isfy;ksehlksizksVhjkstksbd dk v/;;uAih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oaiknivkd`frfoKku esa r:iafDr % fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.klaca/khifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM : 1-25.JhokLro ,-ds- 2004- XykslkWIVsfjM dh fodklh; laHkkouk- ih- lh-JhokLro n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oa iknivkd`frfoKku esa r:iafDr% fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.k laca/kh ifjn`';]çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM : 111-118.frokjh vkj-,l- ,oa f=ikBh ,- 2005- baMksfVªjsfMV~l frokjh 1964chtk.kq oa'k dk ijkjpukRed v/;;u- ih-vkj- jsM~Mh ,oa vU;n~okjk laikfnr iqLrd&okuLifrd vuqla/kku esa lhyk fcukbZ% orZekuifjn`';] lh th ds jkekuqte Le`fr [kaM] nÙklal] ukxiqj : 102-118.oekZ lh-,y-] ekS;kZ vks-,u- ,oa cktisbZ ;w- 2004- eqjkZ;k ,y dh nksçtkfr;ksa dk y?kq vkd`frfoKku- ih-lh- JhokLro n~okjk laikfnriqLrd&iqjkouLifrfoKku ,oa ikni vkd`frfoKku esa r:iafDr%fodklewyd ,oa i;kZoj.klaca/kh ifjn`';] çks- Mh-Mh- iar Lekjd [kaM: 409-414.65

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotanyizdkf'kr lkjka'kcsjk ,l-ds- 2004& ijkxk.kfod ,oa dkykuqØe iSjkehVjksa dk iz;ksxdjrs gq, >hy volknksa ,oa fgeunh; tSfod eyoksa ls fuxfer iwohZvaVkdZfVdk ds f’kjesdj e:mn~;ku ,oa /kzqoh; >hyksa ds mn~xe dk vafreprqFkZ tyok;q laca/kh bfrgklA Hkkjrh; vaVkdZfVd vuqla/kku dk;ZØe%vaVkdZfVd vfHk;ku gsrq 23osa dh miyfC/k;k¡ rFkk 24osa dh ;kstuk ijjk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk] xksok % 35-36-pØorhZ ,l- 2004& leqnz ok;qeaMyh; folaxfr;ksa ds v/;;u esa ,-,e-,e- dk ç;ksxA jsfM;ksdkcZu dh ,-,e-,l- ij iz;ksxdrkZ varO;Zogkj¼cSBd½ Hkqous’oj%pØorhZ ,l- 2004& Hkkjrh; ekulwu gsrq ,d izfrfuf/kRo vfHkys[k ds:i esa vjc egklkxj izokyksa dk vUos"k.kA gksykslhu ds nkSjku Hkkjrh;ekulwu ,oa tyok;q folaxfr] caxykSj % 33pkSgku ,e-,l-] iks[kfj;k ,-ds- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch- 2004& m-iz- dslar dchj uxj esa ygqjknso >hy ls gksykslhu ouLifr rFkk tyok;qfolaxfr;ksa ds ijkx vfHkys[kA xaxk ds eSnku dk iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh;laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ% 41f}osnh ,p-Mh- ,oa izlkn ,e- 2005 & if'peh usiky ds fgeky;hfxfjiknksa esa dksbykckl {ks= ls izkIr f'kokfyd ¼e/; ek;kslhu½ i.kZ eqnzk'e,oa budk egRoA lja{k.k eas tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh% 131.xqgs vkj-] 'kekZ ,e- ,oa flUgk Mh- 2004 & NRrhlxhy ds pkjksa vksjeSaxzkso dk izca/kuA i;kZoj.k uhfr laca/kh leFkZu ;ksX; fodkl ij jk"Vªh;lEesyu] eqacbZ % 20-21-[k.Msyoky ,- 2005& Hkkjr esa y[kuÅ dh ok;q ,oa i`"Bh; volknksaesa ijkxd.k&,d fu/kkZj.kA 13ok¡ ok;q tSofoKku ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu]ukxiqj % 15-dqekj ,e- 2005& vle ds vafre vkWfyxkslhu ,oa ek;kslhu volknksaes iqupZfØr ijkxk.kq ouLifrtkr% fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k ds fuoZpu esa mudkegRoA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ikni foKku esavk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh% 134-eaMkodj ch-Mh- 2004& Hkkjr eas fet+ksje ds pksaxVs esa volknksa ¼izkjafaHkdek;kslhu½ dk fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k ,oa mudh vk;q% ,d ijkxk.kfodn`f"Vdks.kA vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa esa ouLifrfoKku ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu] pUnziqj% 50-eaMkodj ch-Mh- 2005& vle ds ekdqe dks;yk {ks= ds vkWfyxkslhudks;ys ls esfyvksyk ,oa blds i;kZoj.kh; egRoA ok;q tSofoKku ijjk"Vªh; lEesyu] ukxiqj% 59-ukSfV;ky lh-,e- 2005 & foKku dk cnyrk Lo:i% izca/ku ds fy, dqNfopkj fcanq] fgeokl&2005A izFke varjkZ"Vªh; foKku lEesyu ¼fganh esa½]vkbZ-Vh-vkj-lh- y[kuÅ% 96-iks[kfj;k ,-ds- ,oa lkjLor ds-,l- 2004& jktLFkku esa HkhyokM+k ftysds vksft;kuk ls çkphu Qly O;oLFkkA vkbZ-,-,l( vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l-,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku dsiqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 24-çdk'k ,u- 2005& e/; çns'k dh lriqM+k nzks.kh ls izkjafHkd fØVs'klxq#chtk.kq laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKkuesa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;kas ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh% 13-66

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005çlkn ,e- 2005& if'peh usiky ds pqvkfjvk ¼f'kokfyd½ vuqØe esafMIVsjksdkiZl xkVZu oa'k ds thok'e vo'ks"k rFkk bldk ikni HkkSxksfydegRoA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esavk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh% 132-izlkn oh-] 'kekZ ,e-] lDlsuk ,- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch- 2004& ekuoxfrfof/k gsrq [kkst ds :i esa ygqjknsok ljksojh volknksa ls thok'e Mk;VeleqPp;A vkbZ-,-,l( vkbZ-,l- ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dkla;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij jk"Vªh;laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 45-jtuhdkUr ,- 2004& Hkkjr dh izk.kfgrk&xksnkojh nzks.kh dk ehlkst+ksbdLFkyh; ikni thouA ;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfedh cSBd] yhMsu] n uhnjySaM% 20-jtuhdkUr ,- 2005& mHkjrh lk>snkjh izLrko esa uohu iqjkouLifrfoKkuAlaj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfudizo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh% 144-145-jtuhdkUr ,- 2005& Hkkjrh; xkasMokuk% ,d ekykjs[kkA izFke tEew ,oad'ehj jkT; foKku dkaxzsl] tEew% 171-172-jke vorkj] dj vkj-ds-] mik/;k; vkj-] QfrZ;ky ch-] 'kekZ ,- ,oaflUgk ,-ds- 2004- Hkkjr ds yn~nk[k fgeky; {ks= esa baMl&lqnwj eaMyesa e/;&Åijh tqjkfld ijkxk.kqthok'eksa dh [kkstA 32oha varjkZ"Vªh;HkwoSKkfud dkaxszl] yksjsUl] bVyh% , 321 th-lh-MCY;w-vkj- 8 Vh-Ajke vorkj] dqekj ,e- ,oa izdk'k ,u- 2005& Hkkjr esa e/; izns'kds nf{k.kh jhok nzks.kh dk mejkj unh [k.M ds lkFk&lkFk vukofjr fuEuxksaMokuk volknksa dk ijkxk.kq la#i fo'ys"k.kA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk dsegRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh;lEesyu] vejkorh% 131-jke vorkj] QfrZ;ky ch- ,oa 'kekZ ,- 2004 & Hkkjr ds yn~nk[kfgeky; esa baMl&lqnwj esa fuane vxzpki nzks.kh ls izkIr xks.Mokukijkxk.kqthok'eksa dk iquvZ/;;uA 21oha Hkkjrh; la?k volkn foKku okrkZ]vUukeySuxj% 28-jko ,e-vkj- 2004& dsjy nzks.kh esa Vj'jh volknksa dk tSoLrfjdvuq{ks= oxhZdj.k rFkk lglaca/k esa ijkxk.kqfoKku dh HkwfedkA vuqØeLrfjdfoKku ij jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk] caxykSjAlSuh Mh-lh- 2005& vejdVad {ks= dh jksx fuokjd ,oa LokLF;&o/kZd ou vkS"kf/k;k¡ ¼fganh esa½ fgeokl 2005] izFke varjkZ"Vªh; foKkulEesyu fganh esa] vkbZ-Vh-vkj-lh-] y[kuÅ% 50-lkjLor ds-,l- ,oa iks[kfj;k ,-ds- 2004&d'ehj ds duh"kiqj esauoik"kk.kh O;oLFkk esa ikni lalk/kuA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w ,l-,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku dsiqjkrRofoKku ij varjkZ"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 7-8-lkjLor ds-,l- ,oa iks[kfj;k ,-ds- 2004& ygqjknsok esa ikni O;oLFkk%,d izkjafHkd fparuA vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,plh-,l-dk la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKkuij varjkZ"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 46-47-lDlsuk ,-] izlkn oh-] 'kekZ ,e- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch- 2004& gksykslhuds nkSjku esa ikn~ik'e ds :i esa ygqjknsok >hy volknksa esa iknik'e ds :iesa ygqjknsok >hy volknksa esa iknik'e iqjkouLifr ,oa pkoy dh [ksrh dslwpd vkbZ- ,- ,l-] vkbZ- ,l-ih-D;w ,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dkla;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij varjk"Vªh;laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 47-lsdj ch- 2004& Hkkjr dh DokVjujh ouLifr iqulZajpuk ds fy,ijkxk.kqfoKku rFkk 14 lh vk¡dM+ksa esa ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- dk ;ksxnkuAjsfM;ksdkcZu dh ,-,e-,l- ij iz;ksxdrkZ varO;Zogkj cSBd] Hkqcus'oj %lsdj ch- 2004& leqnz vfrØe.k n~okjk Hkkjr ds if'peh rV ds dqN{ks=ksa esa ekuo cankscLr ds iqjko'ks"k ds mHkjrs izek.kA ,-ih-,p-MCY;wlEesyu]flaxkiqj % 780-lsdj ch- 2004& 14 lh vk¡dM+ksa eas fo'oluh;rk ijh{k.kA xaxk ds eSnkuds iqjkrRofoKku ,oa iqjkryfoKku ij la;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu] y[kuÅAlkgk ,l-ds- ,oa HkV~Vkpk;Z ,- 2005& nkftZfyax fgeky; ds dfyeiksaxesa lhMsªyk Vwuk jkWDlch dk o`{k&oy; fo'ys"k.kA tyok;q ifjorZu ,oai;kZoj.k v/;;u esa ok;qeaMyh; foKku ij izFke izks- vuard`".ku Le`frlEesyu] vkbZ-vkbZ-Vh-,e-] iq.ksA'kadj vkj-] izHkq lh-,u-] fot; dqekj th-Vh- ,oa lsdj ch- 2004&Hkkjr esa dukZVd ds ljksoj@rkykc ryh volknksa ls izkIr iqjktyok;q ,oaekuo izsfjr ifjorZuksa dh iqujZpukA izkjafHkd ifj.kkeA gksykslhu ds nkSjkuHkkjrh; ekulwu ,oa tyok;q ifjorZu'khy] caxykSj % 18-'kekZ ,-] mik/;k; vkj-] QfrZ;ky ch-] ,oa jke vorkj 2004&yn~nk[k&fgeky; ds eqczk&';ksd unh ?kkVh volknksa dh volkfnd ,oaHkwjklk;fud fo'ks"krk,aA 21oha Hkkjrh; la?k volknfoKkuokrkZ] vUukeySuxj% 189-'kekZ ,-] mik/;k; vkj-] QfrZ;ky ch-] jke vorkj ,oa flUgk ,-ds-2004& yn~nk[k ,oa lehiorhZ {ks=ksa esa 'kSy vi{k; dk Hkwjklk;fud i{kA32oha varjkZ"Vªh; HkwfoKku dkaxzsl] bVyh % ,-32A th-lh-MCY;w-vkj- 8Vh-A67

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany'kekZ lh- 2004& jktLFkku ds Hkjriqj dh ueHkwfe ds dsoyknso jk"Vªh;ikdZ ¼?kkuk½ esa ijkx o"kkZA la;qDr ,-vks-th- ,l- izFke okf"kZd cSBd ,oan~forh; ,-ih-,p-MCY;w- lEesyu] flaxkiqj % 762-764-'kekZ lh- 2004& lvolknh ekbØkbV fu{ksi.k vkSj dkcksZusV vo{ksiuewuksa ds ifjos'k es lw{ethoh fofo/krk ,oa fu'ps"V chtk.kqvksa dh mitAehlksizksVhjkst+ksbd tjnx QkWu pwuk iRFkj 'kSylewg foa/;u egklewg] fcgkj]Hkkjr dk v/;;uA 32oha varjkZ"Vªh; HkwfoKku dkaxzsl] yksjsal] bVyh %l= Vh- 18.03-'kekZ lh- 2004& LohV ifjdYiuk esa vkLVsªfy;k o Hkkjr dh rqyuk easnf{k.khphu [kaM ds e/; vkilh laca/k ¼fLFkfr ,oa laca/k½% fuvksizksVhjkst+ksbdtSoHkwxksy ,oa la?kVukRed t+ksjA vkbZ-th-lh-ih- &440 jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk]fr#oauriqje % 19-'kekZ ,e-] izlkn oh-] lDlsuk ,- ,oa flag vkbZ-ch- 2004& ekuoxfrfof/k ds izek.k ds :i esa ygqjknsok ds ljksojh volknksa esa lw{en'khZ;ydM+h dk dks;ykA ih-D;w-,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dk la;qDr okf"kZdlEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij varjkZ"Vªh; laxks"Bh]y[kuÅ 48-'kqDyk ,e-] frokjh oh-lh-] ckcw vkj- ,oa dqekj ih- 2004& Hkkjresa fuEu fgeky; ds cDlk [kfut ¼MksyksekbV½ ls oasfM;u v[kfuth; LiatsAvkbZ-th-lh-ih- dk;Zcy lewg cSBd & 493] bVyhAJhokLro ,-ds- 2004& Hkkjr ls izkIr vafre ikni thok'e leqPp;Avn~;ru izo`fr;k¡ ouLifrfoKku ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu] pUnziqj % 8-JhokLro ,-ds- 2004& ikniksa dk HkwoSKkfud bfrgkl ,oa tSofofo/krklaj{k.kA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa ikni foKkuesa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh % 24-JhokLro lh- 2004& m-iz- essa dUukSt ftys ds izkphu vfg:vkjktkjkeiqj rFkk fl;kiqj esa iqjkekuotkfrokuLifrd tk¡pksa esa mHkjrhizo`fÙk;k¡A vkbZ-,-,l-] vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w ,l- ,oa vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dkla;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrRofoKku ij varjkZ"Vªh;laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 24-JhokLro vkj- 2004& Hkkjr ds Vf'kZ;jh vuqØe esa iqjktSofofo/krkAlaj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfudizo`fÙk;kas ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh % 147-frokjh vkj- 2004& iqjkikfjfLFkfrd foKku esa thok'e ikni mipekZsa dkegRoA ;wjksfi;u ikni tSolkfedh cSBd] yhMu] n uhnjySaM % 21-frokjh vkj- 2004& egkjk"Vª esa o/kkZ nzks.kh dk ijfe;u xq#ikni v/;;uA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZ esa iknifoKku esavk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh % 136-frokjh vkj-] JhokLro vkj-ds-] flag ds-ds-] lkjLor ds- ,l-] flagvkbZ-ch-] pkSgku ,e-,l-] lsdj ch-] iks[kfj;k ,-ds] lDlsuk ,-] izlknoh-] 'kekZ ,e- rFkk tksxysdj ih-ih- 2004& xaxk ds eSnku ij ygqjknsok{ks= esa iqjkrkfRod v/;;u % 9 milagkj % xaxk ds eSnku esa iqjkrkfRod v/;;u gsrq ;qxir varo`Zn~f/kA xaxk ds eSnku ds iqjkrkfRod ij varjkZ"Vªh;laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ % 59-60-Bkdqj vks-ih-] Mksxjk ,u-,u- ,oa ljdkj ,l- 2004& Hkkjr esafgekpy izns'k ds fljekSj ftys esa fcØe ckx esa vukofjr fiatkSj 'kSylewgdk ijkxk.kqfoKkuA jk"Vªh; lEesyu ikni lw{ethoh rFkk i;kZoj.k %leL;k,a rFkk pqukSfr;k¡] c/kZeku % 96-97-Bkdqj vks-ih-] Mksxjk ,u-,u- rFkk ljdkj ,l- 2005& fgekpy izns'kds fljekSj ftys esa dyk&vac ds utnhd ekjdaMk unh ds lkFk&lkFkvukofjr Åijh f'kokfyd milewg fiatkSj 'kSylewg dk tSoeyck fo'ys"k.kAizFke tEew ,oa d'ehj jkT; foKku dkaxszl] tEew % 160-161-Bkdqj vks-ih-] Mksxjk ,u-,u- rFkk ljdkj ,l- 2005& Hkkjr esafgekpy izns'k ds fljekSj ftys esa eMh?kkV {ks= ds lqckFkq 'kSy&lewg dkijkxk.kqeycs dk vfHkys[kA laj{k.k esa tSofofo/krk ds egRo ds fo'ks"k lanHkZesa iknifoKku esa vk/kqfud izo`fÙk;ksa ij varjkZ"Vªh; lEesyu] vejkorh %140-141-f=osnh th-ds- 2004& Hkkjr esa es?kky; ds tSafr;k ioZrJs.kh esa dksfiyk'kSylewg ¼vafre bvkslhu½ dk ijkxk.kqfoKkuA 11oha iqjkouLifrfoKkurFkk ijkxk.kqfoKku cSBd] fj;ks xzkaMs Mw lqy jkT;] czkt+hy % 147-68

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005izdkf'kr vkys[k@fjiksVZsacktisbZ ;w- ,oa vEcokuh ds- 2004- tSo uewus rFkk Øeoh{k.k bysDVªkWulw{en'khZ- ftvksQkbVksykWth 33 : 115-118-cSujth ts- 2004- Hkkjr esa jktegy dh igkfM+;ksa ls ehlkstksbd dYids lgthfork ds çek.k ¼fganh esa½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj 7¼twu½ : 25-csjk ,l-ds- 2004- vaVkdZfVdk egkn~ohi% nqfu;k dh ,d fo'kkyre[kqyh oSKkfud ç;ksx'kkyk ¼fganh esa½- lh-,l-vkbZ-vkj- esxthu ubZfnYyh] twu % 121-128-csjk ,l-ds- ,oa fclkfj;k ,l- 2004- vkstksu ijr esa {kfr ¼fganh esa½foKkuçxfr twu % 16-19-pØorhZ ,l- 2004- Hkqous'oj esa jsfM;ksdkcZu ds Roj.k nzO;eku LisDVªefefrij ç;ksDrk var%fØ;k cSBd ¼26-27 vxLr] 2004½% ,d fo'ysÔ.kisfy;ksckWVfuLV53 : 181-187-pØorhZ ,l- 2005- LFkk;h leLFkkfud oxhZdj.k foKku rFkk jsfM;ksdkcZu HkwdkykuqØe- ,l-bZ-vkj-lh- fon~;ky;] dkuiqj ds voljij çdkf'kr gLr iqfLrdk ¼27 ekpZ&16 vçSy] 2005½ % 108-117.Qk:dh ,- 2004- lEesyu fjiksVZ&;wjksfi;u HkkSfedh la?k % igyh vkelHkk cSBd o lEesyu] ukbl Ýk¡l ¼26-30 vçSy] 2004½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj 7 ¼twu½ % 14-xqIr ,- 2004- ijkxd.k esa ijkxd.k- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj 7¼twu½ % 7-xqIr ,- 2004- ,d lEesyu fjiksVZ&11oha varjkZ"Vªh; ijkxk.kfoddkaxzsl] xzsusMk] Lisu ¼4-9 tqykbZ] 2004½- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 :184-185->k ,u- ,oa csjk ,l-ds- 2004- ,d fjiksVZ& jk"Vªh; dk;Z'kkyk % fganhesa rduhdh ys[ku] jk"Vªh; HkkSfrdh ç;ksx'kkyk] ubZ fnYyh ¼19-21Qjojh] 2004½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj 7 ¼twu½ % 31-dj vkj- ,oa dj vkj-ds- 2005- esaxzkso lqukeh ygjksa dh rhozrk dkstk¡p ldrs gSa- djsaV lkbal 88(5) % 675-dj vkj-ds- ,oa dj vkj- 2005- lEeku vftZr fd;k tkrk gS u fdek¡xk tkrk- djsaV lkbal 88 (4) : 531-[kUuk ,l- 2004- ekuo og Fkk% çksQslj chjcy lkguh- ch-,l-vkbZih-U;wtysVj 7 ¼twu½ : 9-11-egki=k Mh-ih-] pkS/kjh vkj-ds-]csgjk ,-ds-] xksikyu ds-]pØorhZ ,l-]nÙkk ds- ,oa lksek;ktqyq ch-,y-ds- 2004- Hkkjr esa Hkqous'oj dsHkkSfrdh laLFkku esa Roj.k nzO;eku LisDVªefefr- HkkSfrdh vuqla/kku esaukfHkdh; ;a=hdj.k fof/k;k¡ 13223&224:26-30-eaMy Vh-ds- 2004- çkphu Hkkjr esa foKku ¼fganh esa½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih-U;wt+ysVj 7 ¼twu½ : 23-24-ukSfV;ky lh-,e- 2004- DokVjujh vof/k ds nkSjku rkieku dhfofHkUurk rFkk vU; tyok;oh iSjkehVj- ,ojheSal lkbal 39 ¼2½: 151-159-ukSfV;ky lh-,e- 2004- eaxy ij taxy ;k taxy ij naxy- Kku&foKku18-19 ¼flracj½% 31-34- [foiusV U;wt 2 ¼10 ,oa 11½ esaØec) :i esa Hkh iqueZqfnzr].QfrZ;ky ih- ,oa QfrZ;ky ch- 2004- Hkkjrh; fgeky; esa n`';Hkwfefodkl rFkk ekuo çHkko ¼1880-2004½çdk'k,u- 2004- QhYM ¼fganh esa dfork½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj7 ¼twu½ : 29-iks[kfj;k ,-ds- ,oa lkjLor ds-,l- 2004- chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKkulaLFkku% iqjkrRofoKku ij okrk;u- lksfofu;j% 38oha vkbZ-,-,l-] 32oha vkbZ-,l-ih-D;w-,l- ,oa 28oha vkbZ-,p-lh-,l- dkla;qDr okf"kZd lEesyu rFkk xaxk ds eSnku dk iqjkrRofoKku ijjk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] y[kuÅ : 30-34-jtuhdkUr ,- 2004- flojkt jke'ks"k.k % ,d Jn~/kkatfy- djsaV lkbal87 : 8-jtuhdkUr ,- 2004- lkdY;oknh foKku- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wt+ysVj 7¼twu½ % 8-9-69

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyjtuhdkUr ,- 2004- ,d lEesyu fjiksVZ&Hkkjrh; çk;n~ohi ds lanHkZ esarVh; xfrdh rFkk Hkw&lwpuk ds egRo ij jk"Vªh; laxks"Bh- ch-,l-vkbZih-U;wt+ysVj 7 ¼twu½ % 15-lsdj ch- 2004- ,d lEesyu fjiksVZ&18ok¡ varjkZ"Vªh; jsfM;ksdkcZu lEesyu] osfyaxVu] U;wthySaM ¼1-5 flracj] 2003½isfy;ksckWVfuLV53 : 183-lsdj ch- ,oa HkV~Vkpk;Z ,- 2004- ,d lEesyu fjiksVZ&la;qDr,-vks-th-,l- igyh okf"kZd cSBd ,oa nwljk ,-ih-,p-MCY;wlEesyu]flaxkiqj ¼5-9 tqykbZ] 2004½- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 : 185-lsdj ch-] jktxksikyu th- ,oa pØorhZ ,l- 2004- jsfM;ksdkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k% chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku]y[kuÅ- Hkkjr esa HkkSfedh vuqla/kku dh >ydsa% Hkkjrh; fjiksVZvkbZ-;w-th-,l- 1999-2004] Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; foKku vdkneh]ubZ fnYyh% 38-40-flag ,- 2004- thok'eh&bZa/ku vkSj HkweaMyh; rki- ch-,l-vkbZih-U;wtysVj 7 ¼twu½ : 26-27-flag ch-Mh- ,oa flag ,- 2004- ,d lEesyu fjiksVZ&dks;yk laLrjehFksu% Hkkjr esa bldh orZeku çfr"Bk rFkk Hkfo"; dh laHkkoukvksa ijjk"Vªh; laxks"Bh] ubZ fnYyh ¼29-30 ebZZ] 2003½- ts- ftvksy- lkslkbafM;k63 : 460-463-flag ,l-ds- 2004. ,d fjiksVZ&laxzgky; foKku ,oa laj{k.k esavfHkfoU;kl ikB~;Øe] bykgkckn ¼12 fnlEcj] 2003&12 ekpZ]2004½- ch-,l-vkbZ-ih- U;wtysVj 7 ¼twu½ : 31-JhokLro ,-ds- 2004- lglaca/ku ikni v/;;u ds lkFkLrfjdh gsrq iqjkouLifrfoKku esa mi;qDr uewuk vfHkdYi- djsaVlkbal 87 : 850-851-f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e- 2004- jRu] ef.k ,oa [kfut % ,d vk/kkjHkwr Kku¼fganh esa½- Kku&foKku % 55-58-f=ikBh ,l-ds-,e- 2004- çks- ,e- fdM~fol- isfy;ksckWVfuLV 53 :191-192-laLFkkid fnol lekjksg ds nkSjku laLFkku LVkQ n~okjk ljLorh oanuk izLrqfr70

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005izdk'ku gsrq LohD`ÿr 'kks/k&i=vCckl ,-] vP;wru ,p- rFkk lsdj ch-& rfeyukMq esa iwohZ rV dsdqM~Mkyksj rFkk vksfMuqj ds e/; ls ,df=r gksykslhu volknksa ds dkcZfudinkFkZ] dkcksZusV inkFkZ rFkk cht vkdkj esa fofo/krkA Hkkjrh; leqnzh foKkutuZyAcktisbZ ;w-& dSyksfQYye buksfQYye Qy dh ijklajpukA isfy;ksckWVfuLVAcsjk ,l-ds- & iwohZ vaVkdZfVdk esa fljesdj e:mn~;ku dh egkn~ohih;cQZ pknj ls ijkxk.kqeycs dh izkfIr% fge ØksM v/;;u ds fy, ,d lqjkxAdjsaV lkbalAcsjk ,l-ds- & vaVkdZfVdk esa ijkxk.kqchtk.kq vfHkxeu ,oa /kzqoh; >hyvolknksa esa jsfM;ksdkcZu dkyfu/kkZj.k rFkk ijkxk.kqleqPp; ls fuxferlaHkkfor iwoZ tyok;q nksyu% ,d izfrf"Br leh{kkA Mh-vks-Mh- izdk'kuAcsjk ,l-ds- rFkk flUgk ,-ds- & vaVkdZfVdk% iqjktyok;oh v/;;u dsvklkjA vaVkdZfVd HkwfoKku jk"Vªh; lEesyu] leqnzh&ok;qeaMyh; ikjLifjdfØ;k rFkk iqjktyok;qfoKku] ,u-lh-,-vks-vkj( xksokApØorhZ ,l-& Hkwfe vk/kkfjr vkstksu dk cgq&vkWDlhtu leLFkkfudfo'ys"k.k% {kksHkeaMyh; jlk;ufoKku esa ;qxir varo`Zn~f/kA djsaV lkbalApkSgku ,e-,l-] iks[kfj;k ,-ds- rFkk flag vkbZ-ch- & m-iz- esa lardchjuxj ds ygqjknsok >hy ls izkIr izkjafHkd gksykslhu volknksa dh izkjafHkdijkxk.kq fo'ys"kkRed tk¡pA e/; xaxk ds eSnku ij iqjkrRofoKku izksddk;Z'kkyk]y[kuÅAQk:dh ,- & gksykslhu ls Hkkjr ds nf{k.kiwoZ rV ds lkFk&lkFk eSaxzksofofo/krk % ,d iqjkxk.kqLrfjd vfHkys[kA vkj-Mh- f=ikBh ,oa vU; n~okjklaikfnr iqLrd&i;kZoj.kh; nokc dks ikni izR;qÙkj] vkbZ-ch-Mh- daiuhifCy'klZ] y[kuÅAQk:dh , rFkk gsek vP;wru& psUubZ ds vM;kj Tokjuneq[k esa e/; lsvafre gksykslhu ouLifr ds izek.kA ts- ft;ksy- lkslk- bafM;kA?kks"k ,-ds- rFkk cSujth ts- & izk;n~ohih; Hkkjr ds Vªk;fld vuqØe lsizkIr xq#chtk.kqvksa dk tSoLrfjd egRoA izksd- 19oha bafM;u dksyksdekbØksisfy;ksVksy-LVsªfVxzkAxksLokeh ,l-] flag ds-ts- rFkk pUnzk ,l- & Hkkjr ds mM+hlk jkT; esaxksaMokuk nzksf.k;ksa ds thok'efoKku % ,d rhoz n`f"Vdks.k ts- ,f'k;u&HkwfoKkuAxqIr ,- & Hkkjr esa fgekpy izns'k ds fljekSj ftys esa vukofjr Vf'kZ;jhfu{ksiksa ls izkIr dodh vo'ks"k % lkaLd`frd xq.k/keksZa ds tSo fuEuhdj.k ijv/;;u gsrq mi;ksxhA ck;ksMsfVª- dYp- izksi- 4-A>k ,u-] frokjh vkj- rFkk jtuhdkUr ,- & egkjk"Vª ds mejsjdks;yk{ks= dks ijfe;u xksaMokuk vuqØe dk ijkxk.kqfoKkuA ts- ft;ksylkslk-bafM;kAdj vkj-ds-] vEcokuh ds-] nÙkk Mh- rFkk dj vkj- & ds@Vh bjhfM;eirZ ds Åij egknso&ykaxikj 'kSy&lewgd lhek ij izeq[k ouLifrtkrh;myVko% D;k ;g lay{k.kh fu;af=r gS\ ts- ft;ksy- lkslk- bafM;kAdj vkj-ds-] eaMkodj ch-Mh- rFkk dj vkj- & iwoksZÙkj Hkkjr esa fet+ksjeds ek;kslhu volknksa ls izkIr dodewyh; thok'e dodA djsaV lkablAeaMy ts- & Hkkjrh; Vf'kZ;jh volknksa ls ckWEcsdslh ijkxd.k rFkk bldsfodkl ,oa izokl ij fndekuA fjo- isfy;ksckWV- isfyukWyeaMkodjch-Mh- & Hkkjr esa fetksje ds pkSaxVs esa volknksa ¼izkjafHkdek;kslhu½ dk fu{ksi.kh; i;kZoj.k rFkk vk;q% ,d ijkxk.kqfod n`f"Vdks.kAekbØksisfy;ksaVkWykthAeaMkodj ch-Mh-] mik/;k; vkj- rFkk esgjks=k vkj-lh- & fet+ksje esayaxyS] ftys ds Hkqcu 'kSylewg ls izkIr tarq vo'ks"kA ts- ft;ksy- lkslkbafM;kAesgjks=k ,u-lh-] osadVpyk ch-,l- rFkk diwj ih-,u- & gkbMªksdkcZuvUos"k.k esa ijkxk.kqfoKku & Hkkjrh; n`';ys[k] n~forh; Hkkx% isVªksfy;ee;nzksf.k;ksa ds ehlkst+ksbd&lhukst+ksbd volknksa esa egRoiw.kZ chtk.kqvksa] ijkxk.kq,oa ?kw.khZd'kkHk f'k"Vksa dk LFkkfud ,oa dkyxr forj.kA ese- ft;ksylkslk-bafM;kAQfrZ;ky ch- rFkk dksVfy;k ch-,l- & Hkkjr esa mÙkjkapy ds fiFkkSjkxhy volknksa ls vfHkfyf[kr20,000-19,000 o"kksZa iwoZ ,d Hkwpaqcdh; ?kVukA ts- ft;ksy- lkslkbafM;kAçdk'k ,u- & Hkkjr ds lriqM+k nzks.kh esa lsgksjk ls izkIr izkjafHkd fØVs'kl'kadqo`{kA isfy;ksckWVfuLVAizdk'k ,u- & vFkx

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanyiquewZY;kaduA ftvksQkbVksykWthAçlkn ,e- rFkk ik.Ms ,l-,e- & if'peh usiky ds fgeky;h fxfjiknksa esalqjbZ[kksyk ds f'kokfyd volknksa ls izkIr thok'e ouLifrtkr ,oa bldsikniHkwxksyh; o iqjktyok;oh ;qxir varo`Zn~f/kA ikni lw{ethoh rFkki;kZoj.k ij jk"Vªh; lEesyu ij fjiksVZ % leL;k,a ,oa pqukSfr;k¡AjtuhdkUr ,- & nfer ouLifrtkr ds vo'ks"k% vk/kqfud ekuo dksvuqLekjdA izksd- usV- dkUQ- ,uok;jesaVy ,fFkDl ,aM lLVsuscyMsoyiesV] eqacbZAjtuhdkUr ,- & rVh; xkasMokuk dh fLFkfr&,d iknih ifjn`';A Hkkjrh;izk;n~oh; ds lanHkZ esa rVh; xfrd foKku rFkk Hkwlwpuk dh Hkwfedk ijjk"Vªh; lEesyu ij fjiksVZ] eaxykSjAjke vorkj& Hkkjr esa NRrhlx

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅDsÿ 'kklh eaMy dksys[kk&ijh{kk dh fjiksVZgeus chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku ds fnukad 31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gksus okys o"kZ ds layXurqyu&i= rFkk blls lacn~/k vk; vkSj O;; [kkrk rFkk izkfIr vkSj Hkqxrku [kkrk ds ys[kksa dks ijhf{kr dj fn;k gSA ;sfoÙkh; fooj.k laLFkku ds izca/ku dk nkf;Ro gSA gekjk nkf;Ro gekjh ys[kk ijh{kk ds vk/kkj ij bu foÙkh; fooj.kksa ijviuk n`f"Vdks.k izLrqr djuk gSAgeus viuh ys[kk ijh{kk Hkkjr esa lkekU;r% Lohd`r ys[kk ekudksa ds vuq:i dhA bu ekudksa ds varxZr geus ys[kklEijh{k.k bl izdkj fu;ksftr rFkk laiUu fd;k fd foÙkh; fooj.kksa esa lR;rk gsrq ;Fkksfpr vk'ofLr izkIr gks ldsA ,dys[kk ijh{kk ds varxZr] tk¡p ds vk/kkj ij] ijh{k.k fd;k tkrk gS rFkk foÙkh; fooj.kksa dh iqf"V gsrq vfHkys[k ,oa lwpuk,¡izkIr dh tkrh gSaA ,d ys[kk ijh{kk ds varxZr izca/ku n~okjk iz;qDr ys[kk fu;eksa rFkk egÙoiw.kZ iwokZuqekuksa dk ewY;kadufd;k tkrk gS rFkk leLr izLrqr fd, x, foÙkh; fooj.kksa dh tk¡p dh tkrh gSA gesa fo'okl gS fd gekjh ys[kk ijh{kkgekjs n`f"Vdks.k ls larqfyr vk/kkj iznku djrh gSAlayXud ^d* layXu esa nh xbZ fVIif.k;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ge fjiksVZ djrs gaS fd %1- geus mDr lHkh lwpuk,¡ rFkk Li"Vhdj.k izkIr fd, gaS] tks gekjs laKku rFkk fo'okl ds vuqlkj gekjhys[kk ijh{kk gsrq vko';d Fkha(2- gekjs n`f"Vdks.k ls laLFkku n~okjk ys[kk gsrq leqfpr iqfLrdkvksa dh O;oLFkk fu;ekuqlkj dh xbZ gS] tks gekjsn~okjk bu iqfLrdkvksa ds ijh{k.k ls vfHkiq"V gS (3- ^^rqyu i=**] ^^vk; vkSj O;;** rFkk ^^izkfIr vkSj Hkqxrku** ys[kk] tks bl fjiksVZ esa of.kZr gS] ys[kk iqLrdkasds laxr gaSA4- gekjs n`f"Vdks.k ls rFkk gekjs laKku ls ,oa gesa izkIr lwpukvksa ds vk/kkj ij mDr ys[kk fooj.k visf{krlwpuk,¡ nsrs gSa rFkk Hkkjr esa lkekU;r% izpfyr ys[kk fu;eksa ds laxr ,d lR; rFkk lqLi"V n`f"Vdks.kizLrqr djrs gaS (v- 31 ekpZ] 2005 dks laiUu gq, o"kZ ds nkSjku laLFkku dh dk;Z fof/k ls lacaf/kr rqyu i= ds ckjsesa (c- o"kZ dh lekfIr dh frfFk dks vk; vkSj O;; ys[kk] vf/k'ks"k@?kkVs ds ckjs esa] rFkkx- o"kZ dh lekfIr dh frfFk dks izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku [kkrs ls lacn~/k laLFkku dh izkfIr;ksa ,oa Hkqxrkuds ckjs esaAd`rs flag vxzoky ,oa ,lksfl,V~lpkVZfjr ys[kkdkjfnukad % 25-08-2005LFkku % y[kuÅgLrk{kfjr@&eqds'k dqekj vxzoky,Q-lh-,-] Mh-vkbZ-,l-,- ¼vkbZ-lh-,-½lk>snkj73

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanylayXud ^d*¼31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gq, oÔZ dh ys[kk ijh{kk fjiksVZ dk layXud½chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅ ds 31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gq, oÔZ ds [kkrksa ijleh{kk@ys[kk voyksdupkVZfjr ys[kkdkj n~okjk leh{kk@voyksduys[kk1. fo-izkS-fo- n~okjk vuqeksfnr ctV ds vk/kkj ij laLFkku ;kstukxr ,oav;kstukxr O;;ksa gsrq i`Fkd vuqnku izkIr dj jgk gSA fjiksVZ ds varxZrbl o"kZ ds nkSjku] 'kklh eaMy us viuh 21.3.2005 dh cSBd esa osru gsrqv;kstukxr ctV ds ctk; ;kstukxr 'kh"kZ dks eatwjh nh gSA2. fofHkUu 'kh"kksZa ds varxZr 31.03.2005 dks olwyh@lek;kstuk gsrq yachvof/k ds 'ks"k vfu.khZr vfxzekssa ¼iw¡th 'kh"kZ½ dks laLFkku Lrj ij 'kh?kzlek;ksftr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A budk fooj.k fuEuor gS%frfFk fooj.k /kujkf'klaLFkku n~okjk dh xbZ dkjZokbZoSKkfud rFkk rduhdh deZpkjho`an tks x iapo"khZ;;kstuk ds varxZr dk;Zjr gSa ds osru ,oa HkRrs ?kVdls muds v;kstukxr ds ctk; ;kstukxr 'kh"kZ ls o"kZ2004-05 ds nkSjku 'kqYd fy;k FkkAvfxze dk 27.6.2005 dks igys gh fuiVku fd;k tkpqdk gSAvfxze dk fuiVku 'kh/kzkfr'kh/kz djus gsrq iz;kljr gSaAz¼d½ vuqla/kku midj.k rFkk ;a=2003-04 vksyail flaxkiqj 272200.00¼[k½ iqLrdsa ,oa tuZy +1983-84 dsYdsfj;l iqfLrdk 878.002000-01 ¼[kaM & 7½ 1681.442001-02 8238.232002-03 18307.91;w-ih-ih-lh-,y] y[kuÅ ls 'kh/kz dk;Z gsrq dnemBk;k x;k gS rFkk vfxze dk fuiVku gksuk gSAvfxze dk 26.4.05 dks igys gh fuiVku fd;k tkpqdk gSA¼x½ lh ,u vkj2003-04 dk;Zikyd bathfu;j] y[kuÅ 562789.00¼VªkalQkeZj ifjorZu gsrq½1999-00 okrkuqdwyu 17799.003. laLFkku ds izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks isa'ku osruksa dh x.kuk ,oa dVkSrh ij T;knk lpsrjgus dh lykg nh tkrh gSAorZeku esa] vf/kdka'k isa'ku izkIrdÙkkZ 'kwU;vk;dj lhek ds varxZr gSaA vk;dj lhek ds Åijvkus okys isa'kudÙkkvksa us vk;dj ls cpus gsrqfofHkUu vk;dj cpr ;kstukvksa ds nLrkost74

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005pkVZfjr ys[kkdkj n~okjk leh{kk@voyksdulaLFkku n~okjk dh xbZ dkjZokbZlk{; ds :i esa lkSai fn, gSa] bl izdkj dj dVkSrh dksrnuqlkj fofu;fer dj fn;k x;k gSA4. ys[kk vfHkys[kksa ds vkSj izHkkoh rFkk lkFkZd j[kj[kko gsrq laLFkku dksn~fo ys[kk&tks[kk in~/kfr viukuh pkfg,A ;g Hkkjr esa ykxw mfprys[kk vfHkys[kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkh lgk;d gksxhAiqLrdky;5. laLFkku dh mifof/k@fu;e ds vuqlkj iqLrdky; dk HkkSfrd lR;kiunks oÔZ ds varjky esa djuk pkfg,A oÔZ 2004-2005 dk lR;kiugksuk ckdh gS ijarq o"kZ 2002-03 esa ikbZ xbZa folaxfr;ksa dks laHkkforifj'kks/ku gsrq fuiVkuk gSAizdk'ku6. laLFkku ds izdk'ku vfHkys[kksa dh laoh{kk ls ;g ik;k x;k gS fd foxrdbZ o"kkZsas esa laLFkku n~okjk cktkj esas fcØh gsrq fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ijvusd izdk'ku izdkf'kr fd, x,A bu leLr lewY; izdk'kuksa dhfnukad 31.03.2005 dks #- 6.68 yk[k vkjf{kr laxzg ds vykokfLFkfr 43.25 FkhA bl rjg] dqy laxzg fLFkfr o"kZ ds var ij 49.33yk[k gS] tks vR;f/kd izrhr gksrh gSA eqfær djus ls iwoZ O;kogkfjdewY;kadu djds la[;k rFkk vkfFkZd oguh;rk fu/kkZj.k dh tkuh pkfg,rkfd dks"k ds viO;; ,oa jksd ls cpk tk ldsAlaLFkku ds çkf/kdkfj;ksa ls ;g lqfuf'pr djuss dh vk'kk dh tkrh gSfd viO;; otZuh; O;;ksa ls fdlh Hkh [kkrs esa izHkkoh ewY;kadu lscpk tk,Ays[kkvksa dh n~fo&ys[kk&tks[kk in~/kfr viukus gsrq laLFkkuiz;kljr gSAiqLrdky; dk o"kZ 2002-03 dk HkkSfrd lR;kiu iw.kZgks pqdk gS rFkk fjiksVZ lkSai nh xbZ gSA 33 izdk'ku@iqLrdsavHkh Hkh vizkI; gSa rFkk budks izkIr djus dk iz;kltkjh gSAiqLrdky; dk o"kZ 2004-05 dk HkkSfrd lR;kiuizxfr ij gSA;g vDrwcj 2004 dks cSBd ds nkSjku foÙk ,oa HkoufuekZ.k lfefr us flQkfj'k dh gS fd o"kZ 2000 ls iwoZds laLFkku ds n~okjk izdkf'kr lewY; izdk'kuksa dksmuds vuqjks/k ij 'kSf{kd@iqLrdky; iz;ksx gsrq fu%'kqYdiznku dj fn;k tk,A rnuqlkj] laLFkku dh osclkbVrFkk djsaV lkabl esa foKkiu ns fn;k x;k gSA fofHkUufo'ofon~;ky;ksa n~okjk blds fy, vuqjks?k fd;k x;kgSA 'kklh eaMy us 09 flracj 2005 dks cSBd dsnkSjku ^n isfy;ksckWVfuLV* tuZy ds fo'ks"k iapo"khZ;va'knku izLrko ij fu.kZ; ysus dks dgk rFkk lykg nhfd fofo/k fo'ofon~;ky;ksa ds ouLifrfoKku ,oaHkwfoKku foHkkxk/;{kksa dks oS;fDrd ,oa laLFkkuh;va'knkrkvksa ds fy, miyC/k fofo/k ;kstukvksa dhtkudkjh nsrs gq, i= izsfÔr djus pkfg,Afoi.ku vfHkdj.k tks fcØhjfgr izdk'kuksa dks laLFkkuds fu;e ,oa 'krksZa ij [kjhnuk pkgrsa gSa ls Hkh rkyesydh dksf'k'k dh tk jgh gSA75

chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of PalaeobotanypkVZfjr ys[kkdkj n~okjk leh{kk@voyksdulaLFkku n~okjk dh xbZ dkjZokbZHkaMkj7. LFkk;h laifÙk;ksa rFkk HkaMkj dh iaftdk,a leqfpr rjhds ls vuqjf{kr dh tkjgh gaSA o"kZ ds nkSjku ys[kk ijh{kk ds varxZr HkkSfrd lR;kiu fd;k tkukFkkA dk;kZy; Kkiu fnukad 05.09.2003 ds rgr bl mn~ns'; gsrq lfefrxfBr dh ijarq bl flyflys esa dksbZ çxfr ugha ikbZ xbZ gSa A gesa crk;kx;k gS fd HkkSfrd lR;kiu dk dke vHkh Hkh py jgk gS rFkk 'kh/kz gh iw.kZdj fy;k tk,xkA HkkSfrd lR;kiu dks çHkkoh ,oa ;Fkkle; lapkfyr djdsbl dk;Z dks ykHknk;d cukus esa mi;ZqDr lfefr dk eq[; dk;Z gksukpkfg,Avkjf{kr fuf/k ,oa ias'ku fuf/k8. #i, 76.61 yk[k rFkk #- 156.42 yk[k Øe'k% vkjf{kr fuf/k rFkk isa'kufuf/k dh feyku jkf'k dk fuos'k izLrqr ugha djrs gSaA #i, 32.94 yk[k ,oa#i, 69.40 yk[k Øe'k% dh deha 31.03.2005 dks fuosf'kr ugha fd;kx;k gSAdeZpkjh Hkfo"; fuf/k9. 31.03.2005 dks deZpkjh Hkfo"; fuf/k dh dqy vkjf{kr fuf/k#- 387.521 yk[k #i, o"kZ ds nkSjku dqN Hkh fuosf'kr ugha fd;k x;k FkkA,e-ih- fon~;qr cksMZ esa ckaM ds :i esa fuos'k fd, x, 20 yk[k #i, ijC;kt lafpr vk/kkj ij u rks izkIr fd, x, vkSj u gh x.kuk dh xbZAo"kZ 2000-2001 esa çkIr 69,814/- #i, dk gh dk ys[kk&tks[kk fn;k x;kgSA tSlh fd fjiksVZ nh xbZ] o"kZ 2005-06 esa 7,30,398/- #i, izkIr fd,x, gSaA rFkk 'ksÔ fd'rksa ds vk/kkj ij izkIr fd, tk,axsA vU; fudk;ksa ijfd, x, fuos'k lafpr vk; dk lap;u vk/kkj ij ys[kk&tks[kk Hkh ughafn;k x;k gSAKkiu la[;k-316 fnukad 11.7.2003 ds vuqlkj09 vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fofo/k HkaMkjkas@vuqHkkxksa ds HkkSfrdlR;kiu gsrq yxk;k x;k gSA 06 vf/kdkjh tks fjiksVZugha lkSai lds Fks] dks 05.9.2003 dks fofHkUu HkaMkjksads HkkSfrd lR;kiu iwjk djus gsrq iqu% vuqLekjdtkjh fd;k x;k FkkA mi;qZDr esa ls 05 vf/kdkfj;ksa usviuh fjiksVZsa lkSai nh gSaA dk;Z'kkyk dh ek= ,d fjiksVZvkuk ckdh gSAo"kZ 2004-05 dk fofHkUu HkaMkjksa@vuqHkkxksa dk HkkSfrdlR;kiu izxfr ij gSAias'ku fuf/k ls igys gh #-69.39 yk[k rFkk vkjf{krfuf/k ls 66.6 yk[k #i, fuosf'kr fd, tk pqds gSaApkyw foÙk o"kZ 2005-06 esa 75.00 yk[k #i, igys ghfuosf'kr fd, tk pqds gSaAvc] geus ,e-ih- fon~;qr cksMZ esa fuosf'kr 20 yk[k#i;ksa ij pkyw foÙk o"kZ 2005-06 ds nkSjku 775658#i, C;kt ds :i eas izkIr dj fy, gSaAge vius deZpkjh Hkfo"; [kkrs dks vlyh udnvk/kkj fuf/k ij pkyw j[krs gSaAvU;10. laLFkku us twu 1997 ds nkSjku bafM;u vksojlht cSad dks foLrkj iVy[kksyus ds fy, vius Hkou dk ,d Hkkx fn;k Fkk ijarq vHkh rd cSad lsdksbZ vuqca/k ugha fd;k x;k gS rFkk muls fdjk;k ugha olwyk x;k gSAlaLFkku us gesa crk;k fd dqN eqn~nksa dks NksM+dj vuqca/k ds flyflys esa'kklh eaMy ds vuqeksnu ds vuqlkj bafM;u vksojlhtcSad foLrkj.k iVy ls fctyh dk fcy 01.9.2003 lsns; le> jgs gSaA vuqca/k dh lHkh 'krksZa dks vafre:i fn;k tk pqdk gS vuqca/k 'kh/kz gLrk{kfjr gksuk76

okf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005pkVZfjr ys[kkdkj n~okjk leh{kk@voyksdulgefr gks pqdh gSA laLFkku ds l{ke izkf/kdkfj;ksa dks fdjk, ds iwoZfu/kkZj.k gsrq izHkkoh dne mBkus dh lykg nh tkrh gSAlaLFkku n~okjk dh xbZ dkjZokbZgS rFkk 'kklh eaMy ds vuqeksnu ds vuqlkj vkilhlgefr ds vk/kkj ij fdjk, dh olwyh 01.9.2003ls izkjafHkd vuqca/k dh lekfIr ij 'kq: dh tkuhpkfg,Afnukad% 25.8.2005LFkku% y[kuÅd`rs flag vxzoky ,.M ,lksfl,V~lpkVZfjr ys[kkdkjgLrk{kfjr¼eqds'k dqekj vxzoky½lk>snkj¼vkj-ds- rd:½ys[kkf/kdkjh¼,l-lh- cktisbZ½jftLVªkj¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kd77

78chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅ31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gq, o"kZ dk rqyu&i=¼la[;k :i;ksa esa½iw¡th dks"k rFkk nkf;Ro vuqØe pkyw o"kZ xr o"kZiw¡th dks"k 1vkjf{kr fuf/k rFkk vk; vkf/kD; 2fpg~fur@nku dks"k 3lqjf{kr _.k rFkk izfrHkw 4vlqjf{kr _.k rFkk izfrHkw 5vkLFkfxr m/kkj nkf;Ro 6pkyw nkf;Ro rFkk iwokZsik; 7;ksxlaifÙk;k¡LFkkbZ laifÙk;k¡ 8fpg~fur@nku dks"kksa ls fuos'k 9vU; fuos'k 10pkyw laifÙk;k¡] _.k rFkk vfxze] bR;kfn 11fefJr O;;¼cV~Vs [kkrs ;k lek;ksftr u gksus ij½136281941.007262615.0055284209.000.000.000.0089584.00198918349.00116476138.0054638987.007660785.0020142439.000.00133345867.005883705.0048273674.000.000.000.00106352.00187609598.00105865179.0047628452.006066910.0028049057.000.00chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany;ksx198918349.00187609598.00egÙoiw.kZ ys[kk uhfr;k¡ 24vkdfLed nkf;Ro rFkk ys[kkvksa ij fVIi.kh 25d`rs flag vxzoky ,.M ,lksfl,V~lpkVZfjr ys[kkdkjgLrk{kfjr¼eqds'k dqekj vxzoky½lk>snkjçek.k&i=lR;kfir fd;k tkrk gS fd rqyu&i= esa fn[kk, x, nkf;Ro ds vadksa dks laLFkku ds lcaf/kr iaftdkvksa esa fn[kk, x, nkf;Ro ds ldy vadksa ls feyku dj fy;k x;k gSA¼vkj-ds- rd:½ys[kkf/kdkjh¼,l-lh- cktisbZ½jftLVªkj¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kd

79chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅ31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gq, o"kZ dk vk; ,oa O;;¼la[;k :i;ksa esa½vk; vuqØe pkyw o"kZ xr o"kZfoØ;@lsokvksa ls vk;vuqnku@lfClMh ¼vks-ch- tek [kkrk rFkk iw¡th dks"k ls varj.k½'kqYd@va'knkufuos'k ls vk; ¼dks"k esa vUrfjr fpº~fur@nku dks"k ls fuo'k ij vk;½jkW;YVh] izdk'ku bR;kfn] ls vk;vftZr C;ktvU; vk;rS;kj mRiknksa ds LVkWd esa o`n~f/k@¼deh½ rFkk izxfr ij dk;Z;ksx ¼d½O;;laLFkkiukxr O;;vU; iz'kklfud O;;] bR;kfnvuqnku] lfClMh] bR;kfn ij O;;C;ktvoewY;u ¼vuqØe 8 ds laxr o"kZ dh lekfIr ij ldy ;ksx½dqy ;ksx ¼[k½vk; ds O;; ls vkf/kD; ij vo'ks"k ¼d&[k½fo'ks"k fuf/k esa varj.k ¼izR;sd dk fooj.k nsa½lkekU; fuf/k esa@ls vUrj.kiw¡th dks"k esa ykbZ xbZ vf/k'ks"k@vo'ks"k /kujkf'kegÙoiw.kZ ys[kk uhfr;k¡vkdfLed nkf;Ro rFkk ys[kkvksa ij fVIi.khd`rs flag vxzoky ,.M ,lksfl,V~lpkVZfjr ys[kkdkjgLrk{kfjr¼eqds'k dqekj vxzoky½lk>snkj¼vkj-ds- rd:½ys[kkf/kdkjh1213141516171819202122232425¼,l-lh- cktisbZ½jftLVªkj689180.0060800000.000.00241965.00107240.00736617.00329346.000.0062877348.0044210479.0012241885.000.000.000.0056452364.006424984.001378910.002110000.002936074.000.000.00345292.0061595000.000.00183205.00210001.00352972.00122957.000.0062809427.0039917868.0012259680.000.000.000.0052177548.0010631879.001700000.004660000.004271879.000.000.00¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kdokf"kZd foojf.kdk 2004-2005

80chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkku] y[kuÅ31 ekpZ] 2005 dks lekIr gq, o"kZ dk izkfIr ,oa Hkqxrku ys[kk ¼la[;k :i;ksa esa½izkfIr;k¡1. vFk 'ks"kv- udn gkFk esac- cSad [kkrk iw¡thd- pkyw [kkrs esa[k- tek [kkrs esax- nku tek2. izkIr vuqnkuv- Hkkjr ljdkj lsc- jkT; ljdkj lsl- vU; lzksrksa ls ¼fooj.k½¼iw¡th rFkk jktLo O;; gsrq vuqnku½¼i`Fkdr% iznf'kZr fd;k tk,½c- tek [kkrk3. fuos'k ls vk;v- fpº~fur @ nku dks"kc- futh dks"k ¼iz;qDr½4. izkIr C;ktv- cSad tek lsc- _.k] bR;kfn ls5. vU; vk; ¼fooj.k nsaa½d- izdk'kuksa ls vk;[k- fofo/k vk;x- lsok foØ; ¼ijke'kZ½6. m/kkj jkf'k7. vU; izkfIr ¼fooj.k nsa½1. vfxze dh izkfIr2. vftZr iw¡th fuos'k3. ,Q- Mh- vkj- ifjiDorkpkyw o"kZ xr o"kZ Hkqxrku pkyw o"kZ2589762159608000002032434390302227107240255849689180694251684311003215141645006159500000000087333698630725321000110837834529201457914117183194801. O;;v- LFkkiukxr O;; ¼vuqØe 20 ds laxr½c- iz'kklfud O;; ¼vuqØe 21 ds laxr½2. fofHkUu ifj;kstukvksa gsrq dks"k ls Hkqxrku¼dks"k vFkok ifj;kstuk dk uke izR;sdifj;kstuk gsrq fd, x, Hkqxrku fooj.k ds lkFk nsa½3. fuos'k rFkk tekv- fpº~fur @ nku dks"k lsc- futh dks"k ¼vU; fuos'k½4. vpy lEifÙk;ksa rFkk iw¡th dk;Z izxfr O;;v- vpy iw¡th Ø;c- iw¡th dk;Z izxfr ij O;;5. vf/k'ks"k /ku@_.k dh okilhv- Hkkjr ljdkj dksc- jkT; ljdkj dksl- vU; dks"k iznkrkvksa dks6. foÙkh; 'kqYd ¼C;kt½7. vU; Hkqxrku ¼fooj.k nsa½d- LVkWQ+ dk vfxze[k- vftZr /ku okilhx- ikVhZ dks vfxze8. var 'ks"kv- udn gkFk esac- cSad [kkrkd- pkyw [kkrs esa[k- tek [kkrs esax- cpr [kkrs esa?k- nku tek [kkrs esap- vf/kd O;;4421047912241885348891010609939104835415748-69103383719401723xr o"kZ39917868122596809705000369576517651469900220066872589762159chjcy lkguh iqjkouLifrfoKku laLFkkuBirbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany;ksx7410707179211567;ksx7410707179211565d`rs flag vxzoky ,.M ,lksfl,V~lpkVZfjr ys[kkdkjgLrk{kfjr¼eqds'k dqekj vxzoky½lk>snkj¼vkj-ds- rd:½ys[kkf/kdkjh¼,l-lh- cktisbZ½jftLVªkj¼ujs'k pUnz esgjks=k½funs'kd