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www.GOALias.blogspot.comifjf'k"V &1NUnNUni| fy[krs le; o.kks± dh ,d fuf'pr O;oLFkk j[kuh iM+rh gSA ;g O;oLFkk NUn ;k o`Ùk dgykrhgSAo`Ùk osQ Hksnizk;% izR;sd i| osQ pkj Hkkx gksrs gSa] tks ikn ;k pj.k dgykrs gSaA ftl o`Ùk osQ pkjksa pj.kksa esacjkcj o.kZ gksa] os leo`Ùk dgykrs gSaA ftlosQ izFke vkSj r`rh; rFkk f}rh; vkSj prqFkZ pj.k o.kks±dh n`f"V ls leku gksa] os v/Zleo`Ùk gSaA ftlosQ pkjksa pj.kksa esa o.kks± dh la[;k leku u gks] osfo"keo`Ùk dgs tkrs gSaAxq# y?kq O;oLFkkNUn dh O;oLFkk o.kks± ij vk/kfjr jgrh gS] eq[;r% Loj o.kZ ijA ;s o.kZ NUn dh n`f"V ls nksizdkj osQ gksrs gSa& y?kq vkSj xq#A lkekU;r% ßLo Loj y?kq gksrk gS vkSj nh?kZ Loj xq#A fdUrq oqQNifjfLFkfr;ksa esa ßLo Loj y?kq u gksdj xq# ekuk tkrk gSA NUn esa xq#&y?kq O;oLFkk dk fu;e blizdkj gS& vuqLokj;qDr] folxZ;qDr] la;qDro.kZ osQ iwoZ dk o.kZ xq# gksrk gSA 'ks"k lHkh o.kZ y?kq gksrsgSaA NUn osQ fdlh ikn dk vafre o.kZ y?kq gksus ij Hkh vko';drkuqlkj xq# eku fy;k tkrk gSAlkuqLokj'p nh?kZ'p folxhZ p xq#HkZosr~Ao.kZ% la;ksxiwoZ'p rFkk iknkUrxks¿fi pAAxq# ,oa y?kq osQ fy, v/ksfyf[kr fpÉ iz;qDr gksrs gSa&xq# & ¿y?kq & A;fr O;oLFkkNUn esa ftl&ftl LFkku ij fdf×pn~ fojke gksrk gS] mldks ^;fr* dgrs gSaA foPNsn] fojke] fojfrvkfn blosQ ukekUrj gSaA;frftZàs"VfoJkeLFkkua dfofHk#P;rsAlk foPNsnfojkek|S% inSokZP;k futsPN;kAA

www.GOALias.blogspot.com108 'kk'orhx.k O;oLFkkvkfneè;kolkus"kq Hktlk ;kfUr xkSjoe~A;jrk yk?koa ;kfUr eukS rq xq#yk?koe~AArhu o.kks± dk ,d x.k ekuk tkrk gSA xq#&y?kq osQ Øe ls x.k vkB izdkj osQ gksrs gSaAHkx.k & ¿AA tx.k & A¿Alx.k & AA¿ ;x.k & A¿¿jx.k & ¿A¿ rx.k & ¿¿Aex.k & ¿¿¿ ux.k & AAAd- oSfnd NUnoSfnd eU=kksa esa xs;rk dk lekos'k djus osQ fy, ftu NUnksa dk iz;ksx gqvk gS muesa xk;=kh] vuq"Vqi~rFkk f=k"Vqi~ izeq[k gSaAxk;=kh % ftl NUn osQ rhu pj.k gksa] izR;sd pj.k esa vkB o.kZ gksa og xk;=kh NUn gksrk gSA bldkik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq rFkk NBk o.kZ xq# gksrk gSA mnkgj.k&ikodk u% ljLorh oktsfHkokZftuhorhA;Ka o"Vq f/;k olqAA(;tqosZn% &40@1)vuq"Vqi~ % vuq"Vqi~ NUn esa pkj pj.k gksrs gSa] izR;sd pj.k esa vkB o.kZ gksrs gSaAlÄ~xPNèoa laonèoa la oks eukafl tkurke~Ansok Hkkxa ;Fkk iwosZ l×tkukuk miklrs AAf=k"Vqi~ % ftl NUn osQ pkj pj.k gksa vkSj izR;sd pj.k esa X;kjg v{kj gksa og f=k"Vqi~ NUn gksrkgSA mnkgkj.k&lekuks eU=k% lfefr% lekuh lekua eu% lg fpÙkes"kke~lekua eU=kefHkeU=k;s o% lekusu oks gfo"kk tqgksfeAA(½Xosn% 10@192@3)[k- ykSfdd NUnizLrqr iqLrd osQ ikBksa esa vusd ykSfdd NUnksa dks Hkh ladfyr fd;k x;k gSA vr% ladfyr 'yksdksaosQ NUnksa osQ y{k.k rFkk mnkgj.k izLrqr gSa&

www.GOALias.blogspot.comifjf'k"V 1091- vuq"Vqi~ & vkB o.kks± okyk leo`Ùkvuq"Vqi~ NUn osQ lHkh pkjksa pj.kksa dk ik¡pok¡ o.kZ y?kq] NBk o.kZ xq# rFkk izFke ,oa r`rh;pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ xq# vkSj f}rh; ,oa prqFkZ pj.k dk lkrok¡ o.kZ y?kq gksrk gSA bls'yksdNUn Hkh dgrs gSA mnkgj.k&ifrrS% irekuS'p] ikniLFkS'p ek#r%AoqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfUuo leUrr%AA(jkek;.ke~)2- bUnzotzk & (X;kjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa nks rx.k] ,d tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ Øe ls gksa og bUnzotzkNUn gksrk gSAL;kfnUnzotzk ;fn rkS txkS x%Amnkgj.k&galks ;Fkk jktri×tjLFk%] flagks ;Fkk eUnjdUnjLFk%Aohjks ;Fkk xfoZroqQ×tjLFk'pUnzks¿fi cHkzkt rFkkEcjLFk%AA(jkek;.ke~)3- misUnzotzk & (X;kjg o.kks± dk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% ,d tx.k] ,d rx.k] ,d tx.k vkSj nks xq# o.kZ gksaog misUnzotzk NUn gksrk gSAmisUnzotzk trtkLrrks xkSA mnkgj.k&Roeso ekrk p firk RoesoRoeso cU/q'p l[kk RoesoARoeso fo|k nzfo.ka RoesoRoeso lo± ee nso&nsoA4- mitkfr & (X;kjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn esa bUnzotzk rFkk misUnzotzk osQ pj.kksa dk feJ.k gksrk gS og mitkfr NUn gksrk gSAvuUrjksnhfjry{eHkktkS iknkS ;nh;koqitkr;Lrk%AbRFka fdykU;kLofi fefJrklq onfUr tkfrf"oneso uke AAbl NUn dk izFke rFkk r`rh; pj.k misUnzotzk NUnkuqlkj rFkk f}rh; ,oa prqFkZ pj.kbUnzotzkuqlkj gSaA vr% bls mitkfr NUn dgk tk ldrk gSA

www.GOALias.blogspot.com110 'kk'orhmnkgj.k&vLR;qÙkjL;ka fnf'k nsorkRek]fgeky;ks uke uxkf/jkt%AiwokZijkS rks;fu/hoxkg~;]fLFkr% i`fFkO;k bo ekun.M%AA(bUnzotzk)(misUnzotzk)(oqQekjlEHkoe~)5- ekfyuh & (iUnzg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn osQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% nks ux.k] ,d ex.k rFkk nks ;x.k gksa og ekfyuh NUngksrk gSA blosQ izR;sd pj.k esa vkBosa rFkk rnuUrj lkrosa vFkkZr~ pj.k osQ vfUre o.kZ iUnzgosao.kZ osQ ckn ;fr (fojke) gksrh gSA uue;;;qrs;a ekfyuh HkksfxyksoSQ%Amnkgj.k&ee fg fir`fHkjL; izLrqrks KkfrHksn&Lrfng ef; rq nks"kks oÙk`QfHk% ikruh;%AvFk p ee l iq=k% ik.Mokuka rq i'pkr~lfr p oqQyfojks/s ukijk/;fUr ckyk%AA (i×pjk=ke~)6- oa'kL; & (ckjg o.kks± okyk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% tx.k] rx.k] tx.k] jx.k gksa og oa'kLFk NUn dgykrk gSAtrkS rq oa'kLFkeqnhfjra tjkSAHkofUr uezkLrjo% iQyksn~xeS&uZokEcqfHknwZj foyfEcuks ?kuk%Avuq¼rk% lRiq#"kk% le`f¼fHk%LoHkko ,oS"k ijksidkfj.kke~AA7- 'kknwZyfoØhfMr (mUuhl v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)ftl NUn osQ izR;sd ikn esa Øe'k% ex.k] lx.k] tx.k] lx.k nks rx.k ,oa ,d xq# o.kZgks og 'kknwZyfoØhfMr NUn dgykrk gSA blesa ckjgosa v{kj osQ ckn igyh ;fr vkSj mUuhlosav{kj osQ ckn nwljh ;fr gksrh gSA (lw;kZ'oS;Zfn ekltkSlrrxk% 'kknwZyfoØhfMre~A)mnkgj.k &oRlk;k'p j?kw}gL; p f'k'kkofLeUufHkO;T;rs]lao`fÙk% izfrfcEcrso fuf[kyk lSokÑfr lk |qfr%Alk ok.kh fou;% l ,o lgt% iq.;kuqHkkoks¿I;lkS]gk! gk! nsfo fdeqR;FkSeZe eu% ikfjIyoa /kofrAAmÙkjjkepfjre~

www.GOALias.blogspot.comifjf'k"V 1118- olUrfrydk (pkSng v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)ftlosQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% rx.k] Hkx.k] tx.k] tx.k ,oa nks xq# o.kZ gksa] og NUnolUrfrydk dgykrk gSA mDrk olUrfrydk rHktktxkSx%mnkgj.k&ikikfUuokj;fr ;kst;rs fgrk;xqáa fuxwgfr xq.kkUizdVhdjksfrAvkin~xra p u tgkfr nnkfr dkyslfUe=ky{k.kfena izonfUr lUr%AAuhfr'krde~ 739- f'k[kfj.kh& (l=kg v{kjkas okyk leo`Ùk)ftlosQ izR;sd pj.k esa Øe'k% ;x.k] ex.k] ux.k] lx.k] Hkx.k rFkk ,d y?kq vkSj ,d xq#o.kZ gksa] og f'k[kfj.kh NUn dgykrk gSA NBs vkSj l=kgosa o.kZ osQ i'pkr~ blesa ;fr gksrh gSAjlS#ZnzSf'NUuk ;eulHkykx% f'k[kfj.khAmnkgj.k&efãukesrfLeu~ fou;f'kf'kjks ekSXè;el`.kksfonX/SfuZxzkáks u iqujfonX/Sjfr'k;%Aeuks es laeksgfLFkjefi gjR;s"k cyoku~v;ks/krqa ;}Rifjy?kqj;LdkUr'kdy%AAmÙkjjkepfjre~10- eUnkØkUrk (l=kg v{kjksa okyk leo`Ùk)ex.k] Hkx.k] ux.k] nks rx.kksa vkSj nks xq#vksa ls eUnkØkUrk NUn gksrk gSA blesa pkSFks v{kj osQi'pkr~ igyh ;fr] NBs v{kj osQ i'pkr nwljh ;fr rFkk vkBosa v{kj osQ ckn rhljh ;frgksrh gSAeUnkØkUrkEcqf/ jluxSeksZHkukSrkSx ;qXee~Amnkgj.k&i'pkRiqPNa ogfr foiqya rPp /wuksR;tÏe~nh?kZxzho% l Hkofr] [kqjkLrL; pRokj ,oA'k"ik.;fr izfdjfr 'kÑr~ fi.Mdkukezek=kku~¯d O;k[;kuSozZtfr l iqunwZjesásfg ;ke%AAmÙkjjkepfjre~

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www.GOALias.blogspot.com114 'kk'orhmRizs{kk%^^Hkosr~ lEHkkouksRizs{kk izÑrL; ijkReukAA(lkfgR;niZ.ke~)ij (mieku) osQ }kjk izÑr (mies;) dh lEHkkouk (mRdV lUnsg) dks mRizs{kk vyadkjdgrs gSaAmnkgj.k&ifrrS% irekuS'p ikniLFkS'p ek#r%AoqQlqeS% i'; lkSfe=ks! ØhMfÂo leUrr%AA(jkek;.ke~);gk¡ ij ok;q osQ }kjk iq"iksa osQ lkFk dh tkus okyh ØhMk dh lEHkkouk esa mRizs{kk vyadkj gSAvFkkZUrjU;kl%HkosnFkkZUrjU;klks¿uq"kDrkFkkZUrjkfHk/kA(pUnzkyksd%] 5-66)eq[; vFkZ dk leFkZu djus okys vFkkZUrj (nwljs okD;kFkZ) dk izfriknu (U;kl) vFkkZUrjU;kldgykrk gSA mnkgj.k&;% LoHkkoks fg ;L;kfLr l fuR;a nqjfrØe%A'ok ;fn fØ;rs jktk rfRda uk'ukR;qikuge~AA;gk¡ ij iwokZ¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ dk leFkZu mÙkjk¼Z osQ okD;kFkZ }kjk fd;k x;k gSA vr% ;gk¡vFkkZUrjU;kl vyadkj gSAvfr'k;ksfDr%fl¼Ros¿è;olk;L;kfr'k;ksfDrfuZx|rsA(lkfgR;niZ.ke~] 10-46)vè;olk; osQ fl¼ mies; osQ fy, osQoy mieku dk gh dFku gksus ij vfr'k;ksfDr vyadkj gksrkgSA vè;olk; dk rkRi;Z gS& mies; osQ fuxj.k osQ lkFk mieku ls vHksn dk vkjksi vFkkZr~ mies;rFkk mieku esa vHksn dh LFkkiuk A

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www.GOALias.blogspot.com116 'kk'orh;gk¡ jktk dh vkikrr% fuUnk mlosQ egknku ;k y{eh le`f¼ dh Lrqfr (iz'kalk) esa ifj.krgks jgh gSAvr% O;ktLrqfr vyadkj gSAvU;ksfDr%vlekufo'ks"k.kefi ;=k lekusfro`Ùkeqies;e~AmDrsu xE;rs ijeqiekususfr lk¿U;ksfDr%AA(dkO;kyÄïkj%)tgk¡ dfFkr mieku osQ }kjk ,sls mies; dh izrhfr gks tks (mieku osQ) fo'ks"k.kksa osQ vleku gksrkgqvk Hkh leku bfro`Ùk okyk gks] ogk¡ vU;ksfDr vyadkj gksrk gSAmnkgj.k&rkor~ dksfdy fojlku~ ;ki; fnolku~ oukUrjs fuolu~A;kofUeynfyeky% dks¿fi jlky% leqYylfrAA(jlxÄõk/j%)gs dks;y! ou esa jgrs gq, vius cqjs le; dks rc rd fdlh izdkj fcrk yks tc rd fddksbZ ckSj (eatjh) ls ynk gqvk HkkSjksa ls ;qDr vke dk isM+ rqEgsa ugha fey tk,A;gk¡ dks;y mieku gS vkSj dksbZ lTtu mies; gSA ;|fi dks;y vkSj lTtu osQ fo'ks"k.k

www.GOALias.blogspot.com,dleku ugha gSa rFkkfi budk bfro`Ùk ,d leku gSA vr% ;gk¡ ij vU;ksfDr vyadkj gSAvuq'kaflr xzUFkifjf'k"V &3Ø-la-xzUFkuke ys[kd lEiknd@izdk'kd1- bZ'kkokL;ksifu"kn~ xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj2- j?kqoa'kegkdkO;e~ dkfynkl pkS[kEck lqjHkkjrh izdk'kuokjk.klh3- mÙkjjkepfjre~ HkoHkwfr pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh4- Jhen~Hkxon~xhrk osnO;kl xhrkizsl] xksj[kiqj5- dknEcjh ck.kHk^ pkS[kEck izdk'ku] okjk.klh6- ¯Lkgklu}k¯=kf'kdk7- f'kojktfot;% vfEcdknÙkO;kl% lkfgR; Hk.Mkj] esjB8- laLÑrpfUnzdkif=kdk vIik'kfL=kjkf'k oMsdj%9- izcU/e×tjh â"khosQ'kHk^kpk;Z%10- izcU/ikfjtkre~ Hk^eFkqjkukFk 'kkL=kh11- Sanskrit Drama in itsorigin, Developmentand Theory A. B. Keith Oxford Press,London 2412- laLÑr ukVd ,- ch- dhFk mn;Hkkuq ¯lg (fgUnhvuqokn) eksrhykycukjlhnkl fnYyh13- laLÑr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj okjk.klh]197314- oSfnd lkfgR; vkSj laLÑfr cynso mikè;k; 'kkjnk efUnj okjk.klh]

www.GOALias.blogspot.com118 'kk'orh197315- History of Classical M. Krishnamacharya Moti Lal BanarsidasSanskrit literature,Delhi16- laLÑr lkfgR; dk bfrgkl okpLifr xSjksyk pkS[kEck fo/kHkou] okjk.klh]197817- laLÑr lkfgR; dk jkèkkoYyHk f=kikBh fo'ofo|ky; izdk'kuvfHkuo bfrgkl pkSd] okjk.klh f} la- 200718- NUnkse×tjh xaxknkl MkW czãkuUn f=kikBh] pkS[kECkklqjHkkjrh izdk'ku okjk.klh190319- O;kdj.k lkSjHke~ jk- 'kS- vuq- vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~20- laLÑr lkfgR; ifjp; jk- 'kS- vuq- vkSj izf'k{k.k ifj"kn~ }kjk izdkf'kr21- pUnzkyksd t;nso la- rFkk vuq- lqcks/pUnziUr] eksrhyky cukjlhnklfnYyh 192522- o`ÙkjRukdj Hk^osQnkj] la- vk;sZUnq 'kekZ] laLÑrvdkneh] mLekfu;k fo'o&fo|ky;] gSnjkckn23- leqnzlÄõe nkjkf'kdksg fgUnh vuq- ckcw yky 'kqDy'kkL=kh Hkkjrh; fo|kizdk'ku] fnYyh 1995ogh& fgUnh vuq- txUukFkIkkBd jkdk izdk'ku]bykgkckn 200524- dFkklfjr~ (if=kdk) lEiknd% dVde~] vksfM'kk(f}rh;kÄï%)MkW- ukjk;.knk'k