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ENGLISH VERSIONNutrition for long time patients.In some families, where the loved ones have beensick, caregiving becomes very important. Illnessessuch as diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, andtuberculosis (TB) are chronic illnesses, meaning theyre-occur or last a long time. Patients suffering fromsuch diseases need to be fed the right, nutritiousfood to make them as strong as possible and helpfight other infections.Good nutrition includes foods which:- Provide energy to the body through sourcesof carbohydrates like Ugali (stiff porridge madefrom maize) and thinner porridge made out ofmaize, sorghum, millet, finger millet or cassava.Rice, sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes are goodsources as well. Note that oils and fats, inmoderation, provide energy as well as addingtaste to the food.- Provide for bodybuilding (Proteins) withmeat (chicken, beef, goat, mutton, duck, andguinea fowl. Eggs, milk, legumes (beans, cowpeasand Green Grams) along with groundnuts aregood sources of protein.- Provide sources of Vitamins - such as VitaminA is especially important for keeping peopleliving with HIV/AIDS and are available in enoughquantities from:• Green vegetables (cowpea leaves, okra,cassava leaves).• Orange fleshed vegetables (orange fleshedsweet potato)• Plantain (matoke)• Fruits, especially those with a yellow color(oranges, paw paws, mangoes, ripe bananas,guavas)- Drinking adequate fluids - Sick people needto drink a lot of water. Drinking water shouldbe boiled for at least 10 minutes, cooled andstored in a clean, covered container. Clean wateris important for all members of the family, but isespecially critical to those with a chronic illness,since they cannot fight other diseases as well assomeone who is strong. If the patient haschronic diarrhea you can make a simplerehydration drink by dissolving six teaspoonsof sugar and half a teaspoon of sale in one literof clean water to help replace the fluids thepatient has lost. You can also add fruit juice tomake it taste better.- Basic hygiene principles. If you are preparingfood for someone who is ill, make a special effortto ensure your hands are cleaned with soap andwater, food is washed and cooked properly, andthat eating utensils are thoroughly cleaned anddried.3In the photo below is Kawiru M.C.K. Clustermembers in a meeting.This farmer from Kiengu Cluster is shownspraying his Green Gram plants on a farm.Spraying for pest control is recommended forgood yields in Green Gram.The members are grateful as they receive theirpayment vouchers. Eight Small Groups receivedvouchers during the June 7.6.13 meeting.If you want your Cluster to participate in <strong>TIST</strong>Green gram program, please contactJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
ENGLISH VERSIONWhat is an Environment?4The word environment means what surroundsan organism. The organisms may be a humanbeing, a lizard, a bird, a plant or an insect.What are the components of environment?The environment of a living thing consists of all livingand non-living things. The living things found in theenvironment are referred to as biological factors. Theseinclude the plants and animals in the environment.Non-living things that surround living ones arereferred to as physical factors. These include water,air, climate, (temperature, wind, humidity, rainfall, soiland mineral salts).The biological and physical factors directly orindirectly affect the organism in the environment.For example, living things need air, water and foodto survive. All of these are found in the environment.Human beings are the most innovative of all livingthings. They try to make life in the environmentcomfortable. However, some human activities areharmful to both humans and other organisms.Pollution.Pollution means spreading harmful substances in theenvironment (air, water, ground etc.). The harmfulsubstances that pollute the environment are referredto as pollutants. When pollutants are spread intothe environment, the lives of living things areendangered. Human activities cause pollutants in theenvironment.Air Pollution.Air is a mixture of gases that consist of:21% Oxygen78% Nitrogen0.003% Carbon dioxide0.97 Others.Pure air does not exist. Other substances are foundin it, which include water, vapor, dust and smoke. Theamount of smoke and dust in the air is determinedby the activities of human beings in the environment.Causes of air pollution:The major air pollutants include poisonous gases,smoke, dust and noise.Big factories emit smoke and poisonous gases intothe air. Some of these gases are carbon monoxideand sulphur dioxide, which are very poisonous andcan kill when inhaled in large amounts.Humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbondioxide. Plants, through photosynthesis, take incarbon dioxide and release oxygen. What awonderful gift! Plants produce oxygen for humanbeings!Many animals live within the plant cover, whichprotect them from their enemies. Trees are knownto attract rain and areas with many trees receivemore rain than those without trees. Plants provideshade which reduces heat from the sun, thus loweringthe temperature.We use plants as firewood and can also preparecharcoal from them. Firewood and charcoal are usedas fuel for cooking or heating. It is important whentrees are cut down for the production of charcoalto be replaced immediately. For one tree cut, youshould plant five others.We use plants for various kinds of construction likebuilding houses, furniture making from timber, baskets,mats and brooms. Farmers get many benefits fromtrees as well as carbon credits.Roots of plants hold soil together thus preventingsoil erosion by checking the speed of wind andrunning water.<strong>TIST</strong> - Let’s conserve trees and plant more on ourfarms for great benefits to ourselves and theenvironment.
<strong>TIST</strong> farmers have responded to a global call tocombat global warming and climate change. Manyfarmers have sought understanding through <strong>TIST</strong>seminars /trainings and at cluster meetings to learnand understand more about the global warming, itseffect on the climate, and mitigation approaches. Wesee many impacts of climate change today. Just toillustrate a few instances of impacts, the El Nino floodsof 1998 that ravaged most of the country and the longdrought that followed, and the strong hurricane of 2004were likely intensified by global warming. Other notableillustrations are the gradual wearing off the glaciers atthe peak of Mt. Kenya, unpredictable weather patternsthat have resulted to crop failures in many areas, dryingof water springs and water catchments areas, amongmany others.This month’s newsletter will share training notesfrom seminars so that we all can understand globalwarming and climate change better.We will begin by defining each term and explainingit further and then learn how your trees play a significantrole in mitigating the effects of global warming.What is Global Warming?Global warming refers to an average increase inthe Earth’s temperature, which in turn causes changesin climate. A warmer Earth may lead to changes inrainfall patterns, stronger storms, a rise in sea level,crop failures, and a wide range of impacts on plants,wildlife, and humans. When scientists talk about theissue of climate change, their concern is about globalwarming caused by human activities and the extremesof climate and weather variability this brings about.ENGLISH VERSION<strong>TIST</strong> Farmers Combat Global Warming andClimate Change.areas. This would result in more areas becomingdesert.• Increased spread of diseases like malaria. As areasbecome warmer, more become suitable breedinggrounds for mosquitoes, increasing risks of malariainfection. Many families and health institutions canbe impacted, average life spans decline, and infantmortality rates rise.• Decreased agricultural production in many tropicaland subtropical countries, especially countries in EastAfrica. Due to decreased rainfall and increasedbreeding of pests due to increased warming, theproduction of food crops may decrease and thisresults in poverty and hunger among many familiesand communities.• Higher worldwide food prices. As more farmers getless yields and food supplies become scarce, theprices increase because the demand is high andsupply is low.• Major changes in the productivity and compositionof critical ecological systems particularly forests.Water catchment areas in the mountains and forestscontinue to dry up. This will affect the ability toirrigate crops and will reduce stream flows necessaryto keep dams and reservoirs replenished. This willreduce generation of hydroelectric power. Ourindustries, hospitals and other institutions thatheavily rely on electricity will be severally affected.The supply of piped water to urban areas as well asrural homes will also be affected.• Tens of millions of people at risk from flooding andlandslides, driven by projected increases in rainfallintensity and, in coastal areas, rising sea levels.5Is the Earth getting warmer?Yes! The Earth has warmed by about 1ºC overthe past 100 years. Many of the world’s leading climatescientists think that things people do are helping tomake the Earth warmer, such as burning of fossil fuelsincluding coal, petrol, and natural gas, and cutting forestand managing land poorly.What is the Greenhouse Effect ?The greenhouse effect is the rise in temperaturethat the Earth experiences because certain gases inthe atmosphere, called greenhouse gases, like carbondioxide, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide, and methanetrap energy from the sun. Major sources of carbon are:deforestation, gases emitted from industries, gasesemitted from motor vehicles, gases emitted from burnof wood fuel or charcoal and burning of forests.What are dangers of Global Warming?• Severe water stress in the arid and semiarid landHow can I prevent Global Warming?Plant and care for trees!As mentioned above, carbon dioxide is one ofthe gases that cause global warming. Trees absorbcarbon dioxide from the air during photosynthesis andstore it in the wood, roots and soil as cellulose carbon.However, when trees are cut and burned, they releasethe carbon they had stored back to the air.Did you know each tree can create a microclimate?Trees and their cover cool the surface of theearth. Feel the comfort of the shade of a tree. Noticethat the soil below is moister than where the sun bakesit with no shade. When the ground stays cooler, theground holds more moisture longer. This means thattrees on your land will help improve the amount ofwater in your soil, and help retain it for a longer time.This will help your crops and also even help the waterusers in your area.
What are carbon credits?In 1997, a number of countries signed a UNagreement which said that all signing countries wouldwork together to reduce how much they pollute,particularly limiting greenhouse gas pollution. Thisagreement was called the Kyoto Protocol, named afterthe Japanese city of Kyoto where the agreement wassigned.Under the Kyoto Protocol many industrializednations have agreed to reduce the levels of carbondioxide they produce. One way to do this is by takingcarbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and storing it inthe ground or in trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxidefrom the air during photosynthesis and store it in thewood, roots and soil. The amount of carbon takenfrom the air and stored can be measured and calculated,and then, when verified as accurate, this absorption ofcarbon dioxide can be sold on the world market ascarbon credits. Buyers can purchase these credits tooffset their carbon dioxide emissions.For instance, <strong>TIST</strong> is able to sell the carbonabsorbed in trees just like producers sell sugar andmilk. With carbon, however, you don’t ship the productto the market. Instead, the value is from the carbontaken out of the air, kept in the tree on your farm orforest, measured and reported. The trading of carboncredits is done in New York, Chicago, London, and othercities globally. At these markets, carbon offsets arebought, traded, and sold in large volumes for money.We have to meet the market requirements. We cannotclear forest or cut trees to plant trees since this isbad for the environment. We have to commit to keeptrees growing for the long-term, 30 years or more.We have to report data accurately. Once trees areplanted, some measurements and calculations are madeto measure the amount of carbon <strong>TIST</strong> farmers treeshave absorbed. Note again, trees are never actually takento the markets. They remain in the shamba and thelonger they stay alive, the longer the period of receivingpayments. So, the farmer keeps the trees and the fruitsand the nuts. The money that <strong>TIST</strong> makes selling carbonoffsets is then shred with <strong>TIST</strong> Small Groups and usedto support the costs of <strong>TIST</strong>, including training,Quantification, and management.Through carbon markets, planting trees can providea new source of income because they absorb and storecarbon that can be measured, reported, and sold ascarbon credits. Trees also provide many otherenvironmental, material and medicinal benefits.Do all trees absorb the same amount of carbon?No. Tree that have wider circumference (morebiomass) store more carbon that trees that are thin.Taller trees also absorb more carbon than short trees.Therefore, trees that are thick will bring more incomefrom carbon credits. This means trees planted with goodspacing have a chance of growing big and tall and earnmore carbon income. They do not compete for soilnutrients and water as much as trees that are closelyENGLISH VERSIONspaced.Therefore, in order to receive good payments outof our trees, it is important to plant them in a goodenough spacing that will allow them to grow healthy,tall and big.Where / who are the buyers of carbon credits?Currently, carbon credits are sold on voluntarymarkets and in compliance markets. They may becertified in different ways, just as there are differentbrands and certifications for other products you buyand sell (like coffee, and organic coffee under differentlabels). Here are some of the major markets and typesof offsets:1) Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) for the CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) represents themarket created under the Kyoto Protocol. Thesecarbon credits must be verified and certified underthe CDM process for use by the industrial countriesthat have made GhG reductions commitmentsunder the Kyoto Protocol to help them comply withagreements. This is a compliance market. Verificationand Certification is done by independent DesignatedOperational Entities (DOEs) and approved by theExecutive Board of CDM. Currently, this marketdoes not work very well for many forestry projects,including <strong>TIST</strong>.2) Another market that requires verified emissionreductions are the non-Kyoto compliance markets.In the US, which is not a signatory to Kyoto, someof the individual states are requiring GhG reductions.Australia has similar requirements. While theapproval process will require that the emissionreductions be verifiable, and verified by anindependent party, it is a separate and differentprocess than the CDM procedures. These marketshave a lot of potential, but are not currently opento <strong>TIST</strong>.3) Voluntary markets are where <strong>TIST</strong> has sold offsetsfrom tree planting by <strong>TIST</strong> farmers. There are twotypes of voluntary market buyers. The first is a smallmarket made up of people willing to give money toencourage people to plant trees. Examples includepaying for tree planting projects to make a weddingor a conference carbon neutral. The second typeof voluntary market buyer is a much larger potentialmarket made up of companies in the US and othernon-Kyoto industrial countries that are makingvoluntary commitments to reduce their GhGemissions either because they are good stewardsof the environment or they are preparing for futureregulatory requirements.There are many different standards in these marketswith different and ever-changing rules about treeplanting, monitoring, and reporting that we mustmeet to sell offsets. Currently, two leaders that<strong>TIST</strong> has been verified under are the Verified CarbonStandard and the Climate, Community, andBiodiversity Alliance Standards.6
July 2013 NewsletterNot for sale<strong>Mazingira</strong> <strong>Bora</strong>w w w . t i s t . o r gKikuyu VersionAn Environmental, SustainableDevelopment and Community ForestryProgram.Amemba a Itugururu Cluster mucemanio wao wa Cluster mweri - ini ucio urathirire.Thiini:<strong>TIST</strong>: Mitaratara miega ya kugeria kuhanda miti hamwe na irio cia mugunda. Page 2Irio cia hinya kuri arwaru a kahinda kanene. Page 3Maria maturigiciirie nikii? Page 4Arimi ba <strong>TIST</strong> nibakurua na kuruutira kwa nthi na kugaruka kwa rera. Page 5Published by <strong>TIST</strong>-Kenya. Web: www.tist.org Email: martinweru@tist.org Tel: 0722 - 846 501
KIKUYU VERSION<strong>TIST</strong>: Mitaratara miega ya kugeria kuhanda mitihamwe na irio cia mugunda.Agroforestry yuugite kuhanda irio ciamugunda hamwe na miti na kuriithia mahiu.Gitumi kinene kia rimi uyu ni kwongereramaciaro ma mugunda kuhitukira huthiri wa miti. Mitiniikoragwo na mawega ta maya kuri murimi:• indo cia gwaka.• Ngu.• Matunda na irio ingi.• Irio cia mahiu• kwagirithia tiiri.• Kunoria tiiri• kuiga ugunyu wa tiiri.• Kunyihia ruhuho.• Kugitira tiiri kumana na gukuuo ni maai.• Dawa.• KiiruruMitaratara ya urimi uyu: nikuri njira nyingi naingi njeru nicirahondekwo mahinda mothe. Njira inginicikoragwo cihotekete kundu kumwe na cikaremakundu kungi. Ici ni imwe cia njira iria cihuthikagamakiria kuri agro-forestry:maria macehwo nomarekio tiiri-ini niguo mongerereunoru.Miti iria icehetwo ikahana githaka ndingitarwoni tisT tondu ndiragucia carbongi no niiguteithiamugunda na njira ingi nyingi. Kuria gukoragwo kurikumu, ino noikorwo itari njira njega ya kurora uhorouyu kana handu hanene gaagati ka miti na irionikagiriirwo gukorwo kari kanene niguocitigacindanire unoru na utheri.3. Windbreaks: nio ni njira ya kuhanda mitimihari-ini niguo inyihie ruhuho na kugitira mimerakumana na ruhuho runene. Wanjagia nakuhanda mitiminene gatagati, minini mihari-ini ingi iiri na gathakakanini, ithaka na nyeki nja. Mawega ma njira ino niatimurimi ndabataraga kuuthira mugunda wothekuhanda miti. Ibataraga o muhari wa mugunda namawega nomakorwo mongererekete na muigana wagicunji kia 30% kundu kungi. Ririkana ati ungiagakubanga wega njira ino nouthukie irio riria ruhuhorwaigirira gatagati-ini.Caria mudu uri na umenyo muiganu niguoakubangithie.21. Hedges: njira ino niya guthuura mithemba yamiti iria ingihandwi na muhari na iteithie mgunda.Hedges ibataraga mugunda munini, kugitira tiiri nanourute mahuti ma kurio ni mahiu kana kwaramugunda-ini. Kionereria kiega kia hedging ni kuhandamuhari wa miti muhaka-ini. Utaganu uria witikirikiteni wa 2m-3m. Mubango uria mwega niwa kuhandautukanitie miti mukuri na miraihu.2. Alley cropping: ino ni njira ya kuhanda mitithiini wa mugunda na mihari utukanitie na irio.Muhiano mwega ni kuhanda muhari wa mbembe naleucaena kana kahuwa na marigu. Miti ria miga munoniiria yongagirira nitrogen tiiri-ini. Utaganu wa mihariya miti na irio cia mugunda yagiriirwo gukworwo iri5m. Mihari ya miti niyagiriirwo ni kurimirwo wegana kwa mahinda. Miti ndingikura wega na iri miraihutondu niigucindanira unoru wa tiiri na utheri. Mahuti4. Fallow cropping: ino ni njira iria murimi atigagakuhanda irio mugunda-ini na akarekereria miti ikurena akanoria mugunda.5. Inter-cropping: uu ni gutagania miti irio-ini. Mitiiria miega ni iria miraihu na irutaga nitrogen.6. Grazing improvement: noukinyanirie njiraino riria wakuria miti kuria urariithia mahiu niguoguteithiriria kwona ngu na irio cia mahiu.7. Woodlots: tumiti tunini notukurio kuriagutarimagwo kana kuria kuhinju, muhiano, tumiti tutunituhandagwo kuria kuri na mahiga kana mitaro yamaai. Tumiti tutu notuhandwo ona mugunda turi twakunyihia ruhuho. Ririkana ati miti ya <strong>TIST</strong> nomuhakaitaganio wega niguo ikure na iikare gwa kahindakanene, no ti miti yothe itikirikaga hari marihi ma<strong>TIST</strong>.
KIKUYU VERSIONIrio cia hinya kuri arwaru a kahinda kanene.3Miciini ingi, kuria aria twendete makoretwomari arwaru, kumahe uteithio nigukoragwokuri na bata munne. Mirimu ta cukari, cancer,HIV/AIDS, na TB niirwaragwo gwa kahinda kanenena uu nikuga ati niicokaga gwa kahinda kanene.Arwaru aria marwarite mirimu ino nimabataragakuheo irio njega na irio ciri na hinya niguo magie nahinya wa kuhurana na mirimu ino.Irio njega ciri na hinya ni hmwe na;Iria cirekira miiri hinya kuhitukira kuria indo tacarbohydrates ta ngima (ucuru mumata wa mbembe)na ucuru mumata kumana na mbembe na muhia, weremugimbi kana mianga. Mucere, ngwaci na waru ninjega. Ririkana ati magura na indo cia magutacingihuthirwo wega nocikorwo na hinya.Iria ciakaga miiri; (proteins) ta nyama(nguku,ng’ombe, mburi, ngurwe, mbata, ngware, matumbi, iria.Mboco, njugu, ndengu) nicikorgwo ciri njega.Iria ciheanaga vitamins; ta vitamins A niikoragowciri cia bata kuiga mundu uri na HIV/AIDS wega.• Mboga(mahuti ma cowpea, okra, mianga).• Mbogo na waru• Marigu• matunda, makiria maria mari na rangi wayellow(macungwa, mababai, maembe, marigumeru, mbera)Kunyua maai maita maingi; andu aria arwarumagiriirwo nikunyua maai maingi, riria wanyua maaimaingi maria macamukitio nfagika 10, makahehio anmakaigwo mari matheru na mari makunike. Maaimatheru nimari bata kuri andu othe no kuri ariaarwaru na mari namirimu ya kahinda kanene tondunimakoragwo makirua na mirimu ingi miingi.Angikorwo murwaru ari na murimu wa kahindakanene, nouthondeke maai ma kwongerera mwirimaai na njira ya gutukania cukari iciko nini 6 na nuthuya giciko kinini kia cumbi na mmai 1lt nigu murwaruacokie maai mwiri-ini. Nowikire maai ma matundaniguo icame wega.Utheru; angikorwo niurehariria guthondeka irio ciamurwaru, tigirira moko maku nimatheru na thabunina uthambie irio na uruge wega na indo cia kuriracikorwo ciri theru nacikaniarithio.Mbica ino iri haha thi ni amemba a Kawiru M.C.K.Cluster mari mucemanio-ini wao.Murimi uyu wa Kiengu Cluster akihuhira ndawamimera ya Green Gram mugunda-ini. Kuhuhirandawa cia tutambi ni wega nigetha murimi akagiana magetha mega ma Green Gram.Amemba mena gikeno makiamukira marihimao. Ngurubu inyanya niciramukirire marihi maoma mweri wa gatandatu mucemanio-ini wao wamweri 7.6.13If you want your Cluster to participate in <strong>TIST</strong>Green gram program, please contactJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
KIKUYU VERSIONMaria maturigiciirie nikii?4Maria maturigiciirie ni indo iria ciri muoyona iria citari muoyo. Indo iria ciri muoyoiri thiini wa maria maturigiciirie ciitagwobiological factors. Ici nita mimera na nyamu thiini wamaria maturigiciirie. Indo iria citari muoyo cirigiciirieiria ciri muoyo ciitagwo physical factors. Ici nita maai,riera(urugari, ruhuho, ugunyu, mbura, tiiri na cumbi).Maundu maya nimahuagia indo iria ciri thiini wa mariamaturigiciirie. Kwa muhiano, indo iria ciri muoyonicibataraga riera, maai na irio niguo cikare muoyo.Indo ici ciothe cikoragwo kuri maria maturigiciirie.Andu nimakoragwo na ugi muingi, nimahotagaguthondeka muikarire mwega thiini wa mariamaturigiciirie. Ona kuri o uguo, maundu mangimaumanaga na mawira maandu nimakoragwo naugwati kuri nyamu na indo ingi.Pollution.Kuguka kwa riera ni gukorwo na indo njuru riera-ini,maai-ini na thi. Indo ici iria cithukagia riera ciitagwopollutants. Riria pollutants ciathii riera-ini, miturireya indo iria ciri muoyo niikoragwo na ugwati. Mawiramamundu nomarehe pollutants thiini wa mariamaturigiciirie.Air Pollution.Riera ni mutukanio wa;• 21% Ooxygen• 78% Nitrogen• 0,003% Carbon Dioxide• 0.97 indo mingi.Itumi cia pollution:gitumi kinene kia pollution ni miruki miuru, ndogo,rukungu na inegene.Iganda nene nicirutaga ndogo thuku thiini wa riera.Miruki imwe ya ino nita carbon monoxide na sulphurdioxide iria cikoragwo na ugwati munene muno nanociurage mundu cingiingira mwriri-ini na njira nene.Andu magucagia oxygen thiini na makaruta carbon.Mimera kuhitukira photosynthesis, igucagia carbonna ikaruta oxygen. Ni kiheo kinene atia! Mimerairutaga oxygen kuri andu!Nyamu nyingi cihumbagirwo ni miti, iria icigitagirakumana na thu. Miti niyuikaine kugucia mbura. Kuriakuri na miti miingi nikwamukagira mbura nyingi gukirakuria gutari. Miti niikoragwo na kiiruru kiria inyihagiaurugari kumana na riua.Nituhuthagira miti niundu wa ngu na makara. Nguna makara cihuthikaga na kuruga na gwota mwaki.Ni undu wa bata riria miti yatemwo niundu wamakara yahandwo ingi. Riria watema muti umwe,handa ingi itano.Nituhuthagira miti niundu wa maundu mangi ta miakoya manyumba, guthondeka indo cia mbau, ikabu, naihato. Arimi nimakoragwo na mawega kumana na mitiniundu wa carbon credits.Miri ya miti niinyitagirira tiiri na kugiririria maaikuukua hamwe na kunyihia ruhuho na maaiguteng’era.Riera itheri ritikoragwo kuo. Indo ingi nicionekagathiini, na nit maai, mihumu, rukungu na ndogo. Muiganawa ndogo na rukungu thiini wa riera uringanaga namaundu maria mekagwo ni mundu tiini wa mariamaturigiciirie.<strong>TIST</strong> – rekei tumenyerere miti na tuhande ingi miingimigunda-ini iitu niguo tugie na umithio munene kuriithui na kuri maria maturigiciirie.
Arimi ba <strong>TIST</strong> nibajukiritie itagaria kiriro kia nthiyonthe gia kurua na kuruutira kwa nthi nakugaruka kwa rera. Arimi babaingi nibacuitekwerewa gukurukira semina na moritani ja <strong>TIST</strong> na kinyamicemanio ya cluster kumenya na kwerewa nkurukikwegie kuruutira kwa nthi, uria kuruutira guku kugaruragarera na matagaria jaria jomba kujukua nikenda tukabanana untu bubu. Nituonaga mantu jamaingi jaria jaumaniitiena kugaruka kwa rera narua. Kuejana minguanano imikaiya mantu jaja ni kurutira na kunyenyea gwa nkamia iriaituuraga iguru ria murima Kenya, rera itikumba kubangirwaniuntu ikaraga ikigarukaga na kwou igatuma imerabikathuka guntu kuria kwingi, kunyara kwa ithima na biumobiaa nduuji na mantu jangi jamaingi.Gazeti ya mweri juju ikagaana natwi mantu kuumaniana uritani bwa semina nikenda twinthe tuumba kumenyakuruutira kwa nthi na kugaruka kwa rera nimbi.Tukaambiria na kumenya o riitwa niakwa riugaga nakumenya nkuruki kuriegie na riu tuthome kwegie uriamiti yaku itethagia kunyiyia mantu jaria jaumanagia nakuruutira kwa nthiguru.Kuruutira kwa nthi nimbi?Kurutira kwa nthi ni kwingia kwa murutira jwa nthiguru,buria butumaga rera ikagaruka. Nthiguru irina kiruutirankuruki no itume gukagia na kugaruka kwa uria mburaiijaga, iburutani birina inya nkuruki, gwitia kwa iria, kuthukakwa imera na mantu jangi jamaingi kiri imera, nyomoo naantu. Riria athomi baariria kugaruka kwa rera, bethagirwabategete mono kurutira kuria kuretagwa ni mantu jariajathithagua ni muntu na kugaruka nainya kwa rera kuriakuretagwa ni bubu.KIKUYU VERSIONArimi ba <strong>TIST</strong> nibakurua na kuruutira kwa nthina kugaruka kwa rera.Mantu jamathuku jaria jaumanagia na kuruutirakwa nthiguru ni jariku?• Thina ya ruuji ndene ya ntuura injumu. Bububutumaga guntu gukwingi gukooma nkuruki.• Gutamba gwa mpwi kwa rwagi. O uria ntuura ikugiamurutira, nou gukabua gwa guciarirwa kwa rwagi nakwou kwingia kwa mbajua cia rwagi. Nja na cibitariinyingi nocikinyirwe, maisha jagakuia na aana babaingibagakua.• Kunyia gwa irio bia munda ndene ya nthiguru iriaciri na murutira na ngai, mono ndene ya East Africa.Niuntu bwa kunyia kwa ngai na kwingia kwa guciaranakwa tunyomoo niuntu bwa kwingia kwa muruutira,irio kuuma miundene no binyie na bubu bugatumagukagia ukia na mpara ndene ya nja na ntuura.• Uguri bubunene nkuruki bwa irio ndene ya nthiguru.O uria amemba babaingi baguketha bibikai nou iriobikaura, uguri bunenee niuntu babaingi nibakubiendana nibibikai bikwoneka.• Kugaruka gukunene kiri uciari na gukaranira kwaimera na nyomoo ndene ya mwitu kuria kurina batamono. Naria ruuji rugwatagua ibarine na miitunegukenderea kuuma. Bubu bugatuma antu baremwekuanda into bia ruuji na na kunyiyie ruuji ruria rurimiurone untu buria bugatuma biria biaki bia kugwatiaruui birega gukinyirwa niru. Bubu bukanyiyia stimairia ikuthithua. Kambuni cietu, cibitari na biuthuranibingi biria bitumagira stima na wingi bikaremwa gwitana mbele uria bibati. Ruuji ruria rwitaga tauni nantuurene imwe na paipu kinyaru rukanyia.• Antu milioni kumi ya ikumi bakarugurirwa thiina ciakuigara kwa ruuji na kugua kwa nthi, niuntu bwakwingia kwa mbura na ndene ya ntuura iria ciri iriene,ruuji rwa iria rugaitia.5Nthiguru nikurutira nkuruki?Ii! Nthiguru nirutirite na 1ºC ndene ya miaka igana iriaithiri. Athomi baria baingi nthigurune nibakuthugania atimantu jaria antu bathithagia nijagutethia gutuma nthiguruigia na kiruutira nkuruki ta kuithia makara, maguta ja ngari,na gasi na kugiita miitu na kuremwa kumenyeera miundabwega.Greenhouse Effect nimbi?Greenhouse effect ni kwongereka kwa muruutira kwanthiguru niuntu bwa icunci bimwe bia ruugo, bigwitwagreebhouse gases, ta ruugo rwa kaboni, rwa nitrous, rwasulphur na methane ruria rujukagia murutira kuumaniana riua. Kaboni yuumaga mono kuumania na: ugiti miti,ruugo kuumania na kambuni, kuumania na ngari, kuumaniana gwakiria nkuu, makara na miitu.Niatia mpumba gutigithia kuruutira kwanthiguru?Aanda na umenyeera miti!Ja uria twauga au iguru, ruugo rwa carbon ni rumwe rwaruugo ruria rutumaga nthiguru iruutira. Miti nijukagia ruugoruru kuuma kiri ruugo rungi igitene ria kuthithia irio nakuruika mutine, mirine na muthetune ja kaboni iguitwacellulose. Indiri, riria miti yagiitwa na yaithua, niiritagakaboni iji na kumicokia kairi ruugone.Niwiji ati o muti no juthithie rera inini??Miti na irundu biayo nibikunikagira nthi igakara irina mpio.Thikira uthongi bwa kirundu kia muti. Tega woone atimuthetu juria juri rungu jurina ruuji nkuruki ya juria jurirungu ria riua gutina kirundu. Riria nthiguru ikaraga irinampio, nthi niikaraga na ruuji igita riraja nkuruki. Guku nikuuga miti ndene ya muunda jwaku igagutethia kuingiyia
uuji ndene ya muthetu jwaku, na nitethagia kuruika igitariraja nkuruki. Bubu bugatethia imera biaku na kinyabutethie atumiri ruuji ndene ya ntuura yaku.Credit cia Kaboni nimbi??Mwakene jwa 1997, nthiguru ingana unna niciasainirecigitikanagiria ati nthiguru iria cionthe ciasainire cigaitaniriangugi kunyiyia uria bathukagia naria gututhiurukite, monokunyiyia kuthukia kwa ruugo na ruugo rwa greenhouse.Baruga iji ya gwitikaniria yetirwe Kyoto Protocol, kuumaniana tauni ndene ya Japan igwitwa Kyoto naria yasainirwe.Ndene ya Kyoto Protocol, nthiguru inyingi iria cirinakambuni ikuri niciitikaniritie kunyiyia ruugo ruruthuku rwakaboni ruria cithithagia. Njira imwe ya kuthithia uju nikujukia ruugo ruru rwa kaboni oome ya ruugo ruriatukucagia na kuruika nthiguru kana mitine. Miti nijukagiaruugo rwa carbon kuuma ruugone igitene ria kuthithiairio na kuruika mutine, mirine na muthetune. Ruugo rwakaboni ruria rujukagua ruugone na rugekwa no ruthimwena gutarwa, na riu rugategwa kethira ni rwa mma, ruugoruru ruthuku rukucagua ni miti no rwendue thokone yanthiguru ja credit cia kaboni. Aguri no bagure credit ijiantune a kaboni iria bathithagia.Munguanano, <strong>TIST</strong> niumbaga kwendia kaboni iriaitonyaga mitine ja uria athithia bendagia sukari na iria. Indina kaboni, utiikagia kiria ukwendia thokone. Antu a gwikia,goro ni kuumania na ati kaboni nijukagua ruugone, igekwamutene ndene ya muunda kana mwitu jwaku, ikathimwana ripoti igatumwa. Kwendia gwa kaboni nikuthithaguaNew York, Chicago, London, na taunine ingi ndene yanthiguru. Ndene ya thoko iji, kaboni iria iriti ruugoneniciguragwa, ikeendua mbeca inyingi.No mwanka tukinyire jaria jendekaga thokone, tutiumbakugiita miti kana miitu nikenda tuanda miti niuntu gukugutibui kiri naria gututhiurukite. Nitubati gwitikiria gwikamiti igikuraga igita ririraja, miaka mirongo ithatu nankuruki.No mwanka turipoti jaria jario jongwa. Riria miti yaandwa,ithimi na gutarwa nikuthithagua kuthima ni kaboni inganamiti ya arimi ba <strong>TIST</strong> ikuciitie. Kairi rikana, miti itikaguathokone. Ikaraga muundene na o uria igita riria yakaramuundene rikuingia nou igita ria kuriwa rikuingia. Kwou,murimi neekaga miti, matunda na nkandi. Mbeca iria <strong>TIST</strong>yoonaga kuumania na kwendia kaboni riu niiganagwagatigati ka ikundi bibinini bia <strong>TIST</strong> na kurita ngugi cia <strong>TIST</strong>,amwe na moritani, utari miti na urungamiri.Gukurukira thoko cia kaboni, kuanda miti nikuejanaganjira injeru ya kwona mbeca niuntu nijukagia na gwikaruugo rwa kaboni ruria ruumba kuthimwa, ripoti gutumwana kwendua ja credit cia kaboni. Miti niejanaga kinya baitaingi cia kinaria gututhiurukite, kiinto na kindawa.Miti yonthe nikucagia ruugo rwa kabonirunganene?Ari. Miti iria yarami nkurki niyo iikaga kaboni nkuruki yamiti imiceke. Miti imiraja kinyayo nikucagia kaboni nkurukiya miti imikui. Kwou, miti iria imati niyo ikareta mbecaKIKUYU VERSIONinyingi nkuruki kuumania na credit cia kaboni. Kou ni kuugamiti iria iandi itarenie bwega niyo yumba kumata na kureana kureta mbeca inyingi nkuruki. Itishindanagira irio kanaruuji ja miti iria ithagirwa ikuianiritie.Kwou, nikenda twona mbeca injega kuumania namiti yetu, kurina bata kumianda itaranitie bwega nikendayumba kugia inya, kurea na kwarama.Inaa/nibau baguraga credit cia kaboni?Igitne riri, credit cia kaboni ciendagua thokone cia kwiritirana ndene ya thoko iria igwitia mantu manna.Niikurukithagua na njira mwanya, oja uria kurina mithembamwanya ya into bingi biria uguraga na kwendia (takauwa,na kauwa kathithitue na gwitwa riitwamwanya)kaboni. Aja ni imwe cia thoko iria nene namithemba ya :1) Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) ya CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) nirungamagirathoko iria yathithirue ni Kyoto Protocol. Credit ijicia kaboni no mwanka itegwe na ikurukithue thiguruya CDM nikenda itumirwa ni nthiguru iria ikuri iriaciikite wirane kiri Kyoto Protocol gutetheriakuthingatira wirane bubu. Iji ni thoko igwitia mantumanna. Utegi ngugi na gukurukithua nikuthithaguani independent Designated Operational Entities(DOEs) na gugetikirua ni utongeria bwa CDM. Igiteneria nandi, thoko iji ti injega mono kiri miradi ya miitu,amwe na <strong>TIST</strong>.2) Thoko ingi iria ciendaga kunyiua kwa kaboni gutarini thoko iria ciitagia mantu manna citi cia Kyoto.Ndene ya Amerika, nthiguru imwe nicikwenda kunyiakwa GhG. Australia niitagia mantu oja jau. Kinyakethira gukurukithua gukenda kaboni itari na yategwani kiama kiri gyonka, ni untu bwa mwanya na njiracia CDM. Thoko iji ni injega mono indi thaa ijicitiruguri kiri <strong>TIST</strong>.3) Thokone cia kwiritira ninoo <strong>TIST</strong> yeendagia creditcia kaboni kuumania na uandi miti bwa arimi ba <strong>TIST</strong>.Kurina aguri bairi ndene ya thoko cia kwiritira. Wambele ni thoko inini iria irina antu baria bairitiritekuejana mbeca gwikira antu motisha ya kuanda miti.Minguanano ni kuria miradi ya uandi miti kuthiriaruugo ruruthuku kuumania na muranu kanamucemanio jwa semina. Muthemba jwa iiri jwa aguriba kwiritira ni inene nkuruki na ni ya kambuni ndeneya Amerika na nthiguru ingi iria ikuri na iria itisainiteKyoto niuntu ni akiki babega ba naria gututhiurukitekana nibakubangira mantu jaria jakendekanagathokone ntuku ciijite.Kurina mantu mwanya mwanya ndene ya thoko iji jariajendekaga gukinyirwa na sheria ikugaruka o igita o igitacia uandi miti, kumimenyera na kuripoti iria tubati gukinyiranikenda tuumba kwendia ruugo. Igitene riri, <strong>TIST</strong>nikurukithitue ni Verified Carbon Standard na Climate,Community, and Biodiversity Alliance Standards.6
July 2013 NewsletterNot for sale<strong>Mazingira</strong> <strong>Bora</strong>w w w . t i s t . o r gKimeru VersionAn Environmental, SustainableDevelopment and Community ForestryProgram.Itugururu Cluster members during their Cluster meeting last month.Inside:<strong>TIST</strong>: Mitire iria miega buru riria ukuandaniria imera na miti na kinya gwika ndithia. Page 2Uria ajii ba igita riraja babati kuria. Page 3Naria gututhiurukite nimbi? Page 4Arimi a <strong>TIST</strong> kuhurana na ugaruruku wa riera. Page 5Published by <strong>TIST</strong>-Kenya. Web: www.tist.org Email: martinweru@tist.org Tel: 0722 - 846 501
KIMERU VERSION<strong>TIST</strong>: Mitire iria miega buru riria ukuandaniriaimera na miti na kinya gwika ndithia.Agroforestry ni uandaniri miti na ithaka amwena imera bia irio kana ndithia. kuungania gukukwendagwa nikenda maciara ja muundajaingia gukurukira utumiri bwa miti. miti iria baitainyingi kiri murimi:- Mpao cia guaka- Nkuu- Matunda na irio bingi- Irio bia ndithia- Kurikia muthetu- Kunoria muthetu- Gwika ruuji muthetune- Gukunikira imera kuumania na ruugo- Kunyiyia gukamatwa kwa muthetu, mono ninduuji- Ndawa- KirunduMitire iria miega buru riria ukuungania miti,ithaka, ndithia na imera: Kurina njira inyingimwanya na njira injeru iria ikumenyekana igitarionthe. njira imwe ni injega nturene imwe indicititumirika nturene ingi. Aja ni mitire imwe iriaitumikaga mono:1. Ndwego: Bubu ni gutaara muthemba jwa mutijuria juumba kuandwa na laini na juria jukoongeramuunda baita. ndwego nicitumagira kanya kanini,ikanyiyia ukamati bwa muthetu na nojuthithie maburaja kuriwa ni ndithia kana gukunikira muthetu. Mitiniendekaga gutaranua na mita ijiri gwita ithatu. njirairia njega buru ni kuungania miti iminene na iminini.2. Kuandaniria miti igitenie na iankene naimera: Aja miti iandagwa itarenie mita ijiri kanankuruki na milaini igitenie muunda. no kwithirwekurina laini imwe ya miti , riu laini ijiri kana ithatu ciaimera, riu laini ingi ya miti, riu imera, o ou.mung’uanano jwa bubu ni kuanda milaini ya mpempeiankene na ya muti jugwitwa leucaena kana kauwana marigu.Miti iria miega buru ni iria ikagira nitrogenmuthetune.Milaini ya miti itaranie na mita ithano.milaini ya miti nibati kurimirwa na kugitwa mathanguo nhyuma ya o igita. miti itibati kunenea mono nontuigacindanira irio na weru na imera. mathangu jariajagitwaa no jongerwe muthetune kujunoria.miti iria igitagwa biang’i na mathangu igakara takithaka itibua kuriwa ni <strong>TIST</strong> niuntu itijukia ruugoruruthuku rurwingi, indi ikathongomia muunda jwaimera na ie murimi baita ingi inyingi. Ndene ya ntuurainjumu, iji ti njira injega kana gutarania gukunenenkuruki gukendeka nikenda itacindanire irio na ruujimono.3. Kunyiyia ruugo: Guku ni kuanda miti imingina laini nikenda inyiyia ruugo, untu buria burigagiriaimera kuumania na ruugo. uambagia kuanda mitiiminene gati gati na iminini milaini iu ithingatite iirina miti imikui, riu ithaka na nyaki oome buru. wegabwa miti iji ya kunyiyia ruugo ni ati murimi atiandamuunda junthe miti. miti ijukagia kamunda kanini nabaita ciomba kwongera maciara na gicunci mirongoithatu kiri igana ndene ya ntuura imwe. Menya atimiti ya kunyiyia ruugo itibangi bwega no ithukie imerankuruki niuntu no itongerie ruugo gukurukira bianya.Cuaa muntu uandite kairi agutethie kubangira mitiyaku ya kunyiyia ruugo.4. Kuanda miti icokia unoru bwa muunda: Ajani aria arimi batigaga kuanda imera muundene nabakareka miti ikajujukia junthe nikenda itetheriagucokia unoru bwa muunda.5. Kuandaniria: aja miti itarenie nainya na umweiandagwa amwe na imera bia irio. miti imiega ni iriaiti mathangu jamaingi na iria yongagira nitrogenmuthetune.6. Kuthongomia urithi: uthithagia uju na njiraya kubangania miti ndene ya muunda jwa kurithianikenda yoongera mpao na irio bia ndithia.7. Kuanda miti imingi amwe: Milaini ya miti noiandwe ndene ya muunda jutigutumirwa mung’uananomilaini ya miti iandi antu kurina maiga kana migurune.miti no iandwe kinya miundene ya irio nikenda inyiyiaruugo kana ikaandwa muundene kenda iujura kuicokia umoru bwa muthetu. Itu menya ati miti ya<strong>TIST</strong> no mwaka itaranie uria ibati nikenda ikura buruna ikara muthetune igita riraja. Njira imwe ciakungania urimi na miti ni mitire imiega nkuruki kiriurimi, indi miti iji itiumba kuriwa ni <strong>TIST</strong>.2
KIMERU VERSIONUria ajii ba igita riraja babati kuria.Ndene ya nja imwe, naria endwa bajiitue,kubamenyeera nikuejaga kwa bata mono.mirimo ta diabetes, cancer, mukingo na TBni mirimo ya igita riraja, ni kuuga nioraga igicokagakana igakara igita riraja. ajii ba mirimo iji nibetagiakuria bwega, irio biria bibatiri nikenda bagia inya uriakuumbika na bibatethia kurua na mirimo ya kwijira.Irio biria biendekaga mwirini ni:Biria biikagira inya mwirine kuumania na biumobia carbohydrate ja nkima (Ucuru bubumatu bwampempe) na ucuru bubuceke buthithitue na mpempe,mwere, ugimbi, muya kana muanga. Mucere, mikuona ikwaci bia gicunku ni biumo bibiega kinya bio.Menya ati maguta, jamakai, kinya jo nijaejanaga inyana jakathongomia irio.Biria biakaga mwiri (Proteni) na nyama (nguku,ng’ombe, mburi, ng’ondu, mbata, na guinea fowl.Nkara, iria, ming’ao (mung’ao, nono na ndengu) amwena karanga ni biumo bibiega bia proteni.Biria biejanaga vitamini - ja Vitamin A irina batamono kiri gwika antu baria bajitue ni mukingo navitamini nionekaga ing’ani kuumania na:• Mathangu ja imera (mathangu ja nono, okra,mathangu ja muanga).• Irio birina rangi ya orange (mikuo ya orange)• Marigu• Matunda, mono jaria jarina rangi ya yellow(machungwa, mababai, maembe,marigujamagundu, mbera)Kunyua into bibingi bia ruuji - Ajii nibendaga ruujirurwingi. Ruuji rwa kunyua nirubati guchamukuadagika nkuruki ya ikumi, rukoora na rugekwamukebene jumutheru jukuniki. ruuji rurutheru rurinabata kiri amemba bonthe ba nja, indi rurina batankuruki kiri baria barina mirrimo ya igita riraja, niuntubatiumba kurua na mirimo ingi ja muntu urina inya.kethira mwajie nakumatuka mono no umuthithirieruuji na njira ya gwikira iciko bibinini bia cukari nanucu giciko kia cuumbi ndene ya litre imwe ya ruujirurutheru nikenda umutethia gucokia ruuji ruriarukuura. Kinya no uongere ruuji rwa gitunda nikendaruthonoma nkuruki.Mantu ja utheru jaria jari mbele. Kethiranukuthuranira irio bia mwajii, jukia itagaria riakumenyeera ati njara ciaku nicithambitue na sabunina ruuji, irio ibithambi na biarugwa bwega na into biakurira nibithambitue bwega na kunyaara.3Ndene ya mbicha iji ni amemba ba cluster ya KawiruM.C.K.Murimi uju kuuma cluster ya Kiengu niakwonanauaakiugagira ndengu ndene ya muunda jwawe.Kuugira niuntu bwa kunyiyia tunyomoo ni gukweganikenda woona iciara ririega ria ndengu.Amemba baba nibagucokia nkatho niuntu bwa gukinyirwani vocha cia mbeca ciao. Ikundi bibinini binananibiakinyirwe ni vocha mucemanione jou jwa tarikimugwanja mweri jwa itantatu, 2013.If you want your Cluster to participate in <strong>TIST</strong>Green gram program, please contactJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
KIMERU VERSIONArimi a <strong>TIST</strong> kuhurana na ugaruruku wa riera.Arimi a Tist nimaiyukitie ritana ria kuhuranana ugaruruku wa riera thiini wa thi. Arimiaingi nimataukiirwo ni uhoro wa ugarurukuuyu o hamwe na mathuna maria ungirehe thiini wasemina o hamwe na micemanio ya cluster. Nitwonetemathina maingi ma ugaruruku uyu umuthi. Kugwetamaundu mamwe nita El Nino ya 1998 iria yatumirebururi ugie na nga’aragu nene, muiyuro wa maai wa2004 onaguo ni thina warehirwo ni muiyuro uyu wamaai. Maundu mangi nita guthira kwa barafu ya kirimakia Mt. Kenya ohamwe na ugaruruku wa imera unduuria utumite irio ciage gukura wega miena ino, njuuikuhua na kung’ara.Ngathiti ya mweri uyu niikuheana githomo kumasemina niguo tutaukwo ithuothe matgina maya.Nitukwambiriria na kumenya uria mitiiteithagiriria hari kunyihia mathina maya.Ugaruruku wa riera ni kii?Ugaruruku wa riera ni wongerereku wa urugari thiiniwa thi, uria utumaga riera ricenjie. Thi iri na urugarimuingi gukira githimi niutumaga imera cia mburacicenjie, kugie na huho, maai ma iria mambatire nairio ciage gukura wega. Nyamu cia githaka nicihutagioni mathina maya ohamwe na andu. Riria athomi ascience maria maundu maya, meciria mao niugaruruku wa riera uria urehagwo ni maundu mariatureka turi andu.• Gutambio kwa mirimu ta Malaria. O uria kundukwagia na urugari muingi, noguo rwagi rwonagahandu ha guciaranira na ugwati wa malariaukongerereka. Micii miingi na thibitari nicigiagana thina uyu na andu magakua.• Kunyiha kwa urimi mabururi-ini maingi namakiria maria makoragwo East Africa. Nanitondu wa wongerereku wa riera na rwagi natutambi guciarana, nikugiaga na ngaragu na ukiaukongerereka mici-ini iitu.• Thogora wa irio ugathii iguru tondu irio ti nyingina nicirabatarwo ni andu aingi nimaracibatara.• Ugaruruku munene wa uciarithania wa maunduma riera na muno thiini wa mutitu. Ihumo ciamaai cikahua na mititu ikoma. Njira ino niigutumaurimi wa maai na njuui iria nini cikahua. Urutiwa thitima maai-ini niukunyiha. Iganada ciituohamwe na mathibitari na kundu kungi kwa batakuria gukoragwo kwihokete thitima nicikuhitioni thina uyu. Maai ma miberethi kwaga miciinina thiini wa town.• Andu 10M mari ugwati-ini wa miiyuro ya maaiohamwe na ituika maundu maria marehagwo nimbura nene na maai kwambatira iria-ini.5Ati thi ni iragia na urugari muno.Nima! Thi niyongereire urugari na muigana wa 1Cgwa kahinda ka miaka 100 mihituku. Athomi maraugaati maundu mamwe ma maria twikaga nimaratumathi yongerere urugari ta; gucina makara, petrol nagutema miti ohamwe na kwaga kumenyereramigunda iitu wega.Mathina ma Greenhouse nimariku?Mathina ma greenhouse ni wongerereku wa rierauria thi yonaga tondu hari riera ritagwo greenhouseta carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, sulphur dioxide namethane nicigiragiriria hinya wa riua gukinya thi.Carbo yumaga maundu-ini maya: gutema miti, ndogokuma iganda-ini, ndogo kuma ngari-ini ohamwe naya ucini wa makara.Mogwati ma ugaruruku wa riera?• Kwaga maai kuria kwaraga na nogutwikerunyanjara.Tungigitira mathina maya atia?Handa na umenyerere miti!Ta uria twauga, carbon dioxide ni riera rimwe ririaritumaga kugie na ugaruruku wa riera. Miti niigucagiacarbon ioxide kuma rieraini riria miti irakura naikamiga thiini wa muti, miri na tiiri-ini iri ta cellulosecarbon. On kuri o uguo, riria miti yatemwo nayacinwo niirekagiriria carbon ino igathii riera-ini.Uri wa menya o muti nouthondeke rierariaguo?Miti na mahuti maguo niuhumbagira thi. Kiiruru kiamuti ni kiega. Riria tiiri uhumbiritwo niukoragwo naugunyu na uu nikuga ati miti niiguteithia kwongereramaai tiiri-ini na ugateithia kuiga maai maya gwakahinda karaihu. Irio nicigukura wega ohamwe namaai kuingiha.Carbon credits nikii?Kuri mwaka wa 1997 mabururi maingi nimekirire
KIMERU VERSION6uiguano wa UN uria waugaga at mabururi mayanimakurutithania wira hamwe kunyihia uthukangiawa riera na muno kunyihia uthukia wa greenhousegas. Uiguano uyu wetiryo Kyoto Protocol nawetanirio na mucii uri thiini wa Japan kuria uiguanouyu wetikaniirio.Rungu rwa Kyoto Protocol, mabururi maingimaria makoragwo na iganda nimetikaniirie kunyihiamuigana wa carbon dioxide iria marutaga. Njira imweya gwika uguo ni ni kweheria carbon dioxide rierainina kumiiga thiini wa miti. Miti niigucagia carbondioxide kuma riera-ini riria muti urakura na ukamiigamutiini na tiiriini. Muigana wa carbon iria igucagiokuma riera-ini na ikaigwo miti-ini no uthimike nautarike. Carbon ino niyendagio thiini wa thoko yacarbon iri ta carbon credits. Aguri nimaguraga niguomanyihie carbon riera-ini. Kwa muhiano, <strong>TIST</strong> niri nauhoti wa kwendia carbon iria igucitio ni miti ota uriaarimi mendagia iria na cukari. Thiini wa carbon,onagutuika ndutwaraga kindu thoko. Uthiaga namuigana wa carbon iria igucitio na ikaigwo miti-ni.Thoko ya carbon ikoragwo New York, Chicago naLodon hamwe na micii ingi thiini wa thi. Thiini wathoko ino carbon niyendagio na gikiro kinene nambeca cikoneka.No muhaka tukinyanirie ikiro niguo tuingirethoko. Tutingitheria mititu niguo tuhande miti tondutiwega kuri maria maturigiciirie. No muhaka twitikiregutigirira miti niyaikara kahinda ka miaka 30 namakiria. No muhaka tuheane uhoro mukinyaniru. Ririamiti yahandwo, ithimi na mathabu ma carbon iriaarimi a <strong>TIST</strong> magucitie. Ririkana ringi, mitinditwaragwo thoko, iikaraga migunda-ini na o uriayaikara muno noguo ukugia na mbeca nyingi. Kwauguo, murimi niatigagwo na maciaro ma muti. Mbecairia ithondekagwo ni <strong>TIST</strong> thutha wa kwendia carboncredits cigayanagio kuri ikundi cia <strong>TIST</strong> na cikahuthikamahuthiro-ini ta githomo, utari wa miti, na menyereriwa mitaratara ya <strong>TIST</strong>. Kuhitukira thoko ya carbon,uhandi wa miti niurehaga njira ya guthukuma tondumiti niiigaga carbon iria ingithimika na yendio. Mitiniikoragwo na dawa namawega mangi maingi mega.Miti yothe igucagia carbon iiganaine?Aca. Miti iria mitungu iigaga carbon nyingi gukira iriamiceke. Miti miraihu niigucagia carbon nyingi gukirairia mikuhi. Kwa uguo niti iria mitungu niikurehembeca nyingi kumana na carbon credits. Uu nikugaati miti iria ihanditwo na umenyereri munene nautaganu muiganu niikuraga wega na ikarehe mbecanyingi.Kwa uguo niguo twamukire marihi maingikumana na miti iitu, ni undu wa bata tuhande mitimiingi na utaganu muiganu niguo ikure wega iri nahinya na iri miraihu wega na mitungu.Niku na nuu uguraga carbon credits?Gwa kahinda gaka, carbon credits yenagio nakwiyendera na gukinyanira thoko-ini. Noitikirike nanjira ngurani, ota uria gukoragwo na mithemba miingiya indo na ukinyaniru kuri indo iria ingi ciendagiothoko-ini. Haha ni mithemba imwe yayo;1. Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) ya CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) irugamagirirathoko iria ithindeketwo ni Kyto Protocol.Carbon credits ici nomuhaka cikorwocikinyaniire na cikahitukio rungu rwa CDMkuhuthika ni mabururi maria manyihitie GhGna magetikaniria thiini wa uiguano uyu wa KyotoProtocol. Ino ni thoko ya gukinyanira.Gukinyanira na gwitikirika gwikagwo niDesignated Operational Entities (DOEs) naigekirwo kirore ni bord nene ya CDM. Gwakahinda gaka thoko ndirutaga wira wega namitaratara ya mititu miingi hamwe na <strong>TIST</strong>.2. Thoko ingi citabataraga gukinyanira na ciri njaya uiguithanio wa Kyoto Protocol. Thiini wa USA,iria ndikirite uiguano wa Kyoto kirore, statesimwe nicirekirira unyia wa GhG. Australia iri naikiro ota icio. Na tondu ukinyaniru urendaunyihia mwitikiriku, ni njira ngurani na iria yaCDM. Thoko ici ciri na mieke miingi nocitiitikirite <strong>TIST</strong>.3. Thoko cia kwiyendera ni iria <strong>TIST</strong> yendetiecarbon credits kumana na arimi a <strong>TIST</strong>. Kurinithemba iiri ya thoko cia kwiyendera, ya mbereni thoko nini ya aria merutiire kuruta mbecaniguo kwagirithia riera. Muhiano nita kuhandamiti niguo kwagirithia riera. Ya keeri ni kwirutiragwa company cia America na aria matari thiiniwa Kyoto protocol na nimaterutira kunyihiaGhG.Nikuri na ukinyaniru na uigananu thiini wa thoko icina ni ngurani, gwa kahinda gaaka, <strong>TIST</strong> niitikirikite naikahitukio rungu rwa Verified Carbon Standard andthe Climate, Community, and Biodiversity AllianceStandards.
July 2013 NewsletterNot for sale<strong>Mazingira</strong> <strong>Bora</strong>w w w . t i s t . o r gKiswahili VersionAn Environmental, SustainableDevelopment and Community ForestryProgram.Wanachama wa Itugururu Cluster wakiwa kwa mkutano wao wa Cluster mwezi uliopita.Ndani:<strong>TIST</strong>: Njia bora zaidi katika kilimo mseto. Ukurasa 2Lishe kwa wagonjwa wa muda mrefu. Ukurasa 3<strong>Mazingira</strong> ni nini? Ukurasa 4Wakulima katika <strong>TIST</strong> wapigana na mabadiliko ya hali yahewa. Ukurasa 5Published by <strong>TIST</strong>-Kenya. Web: www.tist.org Email: martinweru@tist.org Tel: 0722 - 846 501
KISWAHILI VERSION<strong>TIST</strong>: Njia bora zaidi katika kilimo mseto.Kilimo mseto ni kupanda miti mikubwa namifupi pamoja na mimea na mifugo.Mchanganyiko huu unahitajika ili kuongezauzalishaji kupitia matumizi ya miti. Miti ina faida nyingikwa mkulima:• Vifaa vya ujenzi• Kuni• Matunda na chakula kinginecho• Lishe kwa mifugo• Kushikilia udongo• Kurutubisha udongo• Kuweka maji udongoni kwa muda mrefu• Kupunguza upepo• Kupunguza mmomonyoko wa udongo, sana kwamaji• Dawa• KivuliMazoezi katika kilimo mseto: Kuna mbinu nyingitofauti na njia mpya zinazogunduliwa kila wakati.Mbinu zingine zinafanikia mahali pamoja lakinihazitumiki mahali penginepo. Zifuatazo ni baadhi yanjia zinazotumika sanasana katika kilimo mseto :1. Uzio: Hili linajumuisha kuchagua aina ya mtiitakayopandwa kwa mstari na ulio na faida katikashamba hilo. uzio unahitaji nafasi kidogo, unazuiammomonyoko wa udongo na unatengeneza majaniya lishe ya mifugo au ya kufunika mchanga. Mfano wauzio ni kupanda miti kwa mstari ikizunguka shamba.nafasi inayohitajika kati ya miti ni mita mbili au tatu.Njia bora ni kupanda miti mirefu pamoja na mifupi.2. Upanzi wa mseto: Hili linajumuisha kupandamiti kwa nafasi ya mita mbili au zaidi kwa mistariikipita shambani. kwaweza kuwa na mstari wa miti,halafu mistari miwili au mitatu ya mimea, halafu mstariwa miti, halafu mimea na kadhalika.Mfano wa ukulima huu ni kupanda mistari ya mahindiikipakana na ya Leucaena ama kahawa na ndizi.miti inayofaa zaidi ni miti ya kunde (inayowekanaitrojeni kwenye udongo). nafasi kati ya mistari iwezaidi ya mita tano. mistari ya miti yafaa kupaliliwa namajani kupunguzwa kila baada ya wakati. Miti isiwemikubwa ili isishindane kupata lishe na mwangaza namimea. Majani yaliyopunguzwa yaweza kuongezwaudogoni ili kurutubisha udongo.Miti iliyopunguzwa majani na kuwa kama miti yakichaka haitalipwa na <strong>TIST</strong> kwa sababu haitawezakuondoa kaboni , lakini itaboresha shamba la kulimana impe mkulima faida zingine nyingi. katika maeneokame zaidi, njia hii si nzuri ama nafasi zaidi kati yamiti na mimea itatakikana ili isishindane sana kwasababu ya lishe na maji.3. Kuzuia upepo: Hii ni kupanda miti mingi kwamistari ili kupunguza upepo, jambo ambalo linalindamimea kutokana na upepo unaokuja. unaanza kwakupanda miti mikubwa kati kati, midogo zaidi kwamistari miwili inayofuata na miti mifupi zaidi , halafuvichaka na nyasi nje. Faida ya miti hii ni kuwa mkulimahatoi shamba lote lipandwe miti. Kunachukua shambakidogo na faida zaweza kuongeza mazao kwa asilimiathelathini katika maeneo mengine. Jua kuwa mitiiliyopangwa vibaya yaweza kuharibu mimea zaidi kwasababu inaelekeza upepo kupitia katika mapengo.Find someone experienced in this to help you designyour windbreak. Tafuta aliye na ujuzi akusaidie kupangamiti yako ya kuzuia upepo.4. Kupumzisha shamba: Hapa mkulima anaachakulima mimea shambani na kuacha miti ikue ili kusaidikurudisha rutuba ya udongo.5. Kupanda zaidi ya mmea mmoja: Hililinahusisha kupanda miti iliyo kwa umbali mmojapamoja na vyakula. miti mizuri ni ile isiyo na matawimengi na inayoweka naitrojeni udongoni.6. Kuboresha ulishaji wa mifugo: Unafikia hilikwa kupanda miti katika shamba la kulisha mifugo ilikusaidia kupata mbao na chakula cha mifugo.7. Kupanda miti mingi: Miti michache ilipandwapamoja yaweza kukuzwa katika mashambayasiyotumika kwa mfano katika maeneo yaliyo namawe juu au mitaroni. miti hii yaweza pia kupandwakatika mashamba yenye mimea kuzuia upepo, amaipandwe katika mashamba yaliyopumzishwa.Tafaddhali jua kuwa miti ya <strong>TIST</strong> lazima iwe na nafasiiliyoelekezwa ili kukua hadi inavyofaa na kukaaudongoni kwa muda mrefu. Baadhi ya njia zilizo hapojuu za kilimo mseto ni njia bora zaidi katika ukulima,lakini hazitaweza kulipwa na <strong>TIST</strong>.2
KISWAHILI VERSIONLishe kwa wagonjwa wa muda mrefu.Katika familia zingine, ambapo wapendwawamekuwa wagonjwa, kuwatunza kunakuwana umuhimu. Magonjwa kama kisukari,saratani, HIV / UKIMWI, na kifua kikuu (TB) nimagonjwa sugu, kumaanisha yanaweza rudi au kukaakwa muda mrefu. Lishe bora ni pamoja na chakulaambacho:− Kinaupa mwili nguvu au nishati kupitiavyakula kama Ugali na uji uliotengezwa namahindi, mtama, uwele, mtama kidole au mihogo.Mchele, viazi vitamu na viazi ni vyanzo vizuri pia.Jua kuwa mafuta ya mimea na wanyama, kwakipimo, yanaupa mwili nguvu pamoja nakuboresha chakula.− Kinaujenga mwili (protini) na nyama (kuku,nyama ya ng’ombe, mbuzi, kondoo, bata, naGuinea ). Mayai, maziwa, jamii ya kunde(maharagwe, kunde na ndengu) pamoja na njuguni vyanzo vizuri vya protini.- Kinaupa mwili vyanzo vya vitamini- kamaVitamini A iliyomuhimu sana sana kwa kuwawekawanaoishi na ukimwi na zipo tosha katika:• Mboga (majani ya kunde , bamia, majani yamihogo).• Mboga zenye rangi ya machungwa (Viazivitamu vyenye rangi ya machungwa)• Ndizi• Matunda, sanasana yenye rangi ya kijivu(machungwa, makucha nyayo, maembe, ndizimbivu, mapera)- Kunya vinywaji tosha - wagonjwa wafaakunywa maji mengi. Maji ya kunywa yafaakuchemshwa kwa muda zaidi ya dakika kumi,yaachwe kupoa na kuwekwa kwa mkebe safi nauliofunikwa. maji safi ni muhimu kwa familia yote,lakini sanasana kwa walio na magonjwa sugu, kwasababu hawataweza kupigana na magonjwamengine vizuri kama walio na nguvu. Kamamgonjwa ana ugonjwa wa kuhara ulio sugu,waweza tengeneza kinyuaji kwa urahisi kwakuweka sukari vijiko vidogo sita na kijiko kidogonusu cha chumvi kwa maji lita moja ili kurudishamaji mgonjwa aliyopoteza. Unaweza kuongezamaji ya matunda ili kuongeza ladha.- Mambo ya kijumla ya kufuatilia katikausafi. Kama unatayarisha chakula cha mtu aliyemgonjwa, jaribu zaidi kuhakikisha kuwaumeisafisha mikono kwa ssabuni na maji, chakulakioshwe na kupikwa vizuri, na vyombo vya kuliavimeoshwa kabisa na kukaushwa.3Katika picha hii wanacluster ya Kawiru MCK katikamkutano.Mkulima huyu wa cluster ya Kiengu anaonyeshwaakinyunyuzia mimea ya ndengu katika shamba lake.Kunyunyizia ili kupunguza wadudu kunahimizwa ilikupata mazao mazuri ya ndengu.Wana cluster wana shukrani kubwa kwa kupata vocha zapesa za miti yao. Vikundi vidogo nane vilipata vocha katikamkutano huu wa tarehe saba, mwezi wa Juni, 2013.Kama unataka Cluster yako ihudhulie mpangowa <strong>TIST</strong> Green gram, tafathali mpigieJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
KISWAHILI VERSION<strong>Mazingira</strong> ni nini?4Jina mazingira humaanisha vinavyozingira kiumbe hai.Viumbe hai vyaweza kuwa binadamu, mjusi, ndege,mmea au mdudu.Ni vipi vinavyojumuisha mazingira ?<strong>Mazingira</strong> ya kiumbe hai ni pamoja na vilivyo na visivyohai. Vilivyo hai katika mazingira huitwa vya kibayolojia.Hivi ni pamoja na mimea na wanyama katikamazingira. Visivyo hai vinavyozunguka vilivyo haihuitwa vya kimwili. Hivi ni pamoja na maji, hewa, haliya anga, (joto, upepo, unyevu, mvua, udongo na chumviya kidini)Vitu vya kibayolojia na vya kimwili huathiri kiumbehai katika mazingira. Kwa mfano, viumbe hai huitajihewa, maji na chakula kuishi. Hivi vyote hupatikanakatika mazingira.Binadamu ni kiumbe bunifu zaidi ya vyote vilivyohai. Binadamu hujaribu kufanya maisha katikamazingira kuwa yenye starehe. Hata hivyo, shughulizingine za binadamu huwa zenye madhara kwabinadamu na hata kwa viumbe vingine.UchafuziUchafuzi ni kueneza vitu vilivyo na madhara kwamazingira (hewa, maji, ardhi na kadhalika. Vituvinavochafua mazingira vinaitwa vichafuzi. Vishafuzivinapoenezwa katika mazingira, maisha ya viumbe haiyanahatarika. Shughuli za binadamu huleta vichafuzikatika mazingira.Uchafuzi wa hewaHewa ni mchanganyiko wa gesi ambazo ni:21% Oxygen78% Nitrogen0.003% Carbon dioxide0.97 na zinginezoHewa safi haipo. Vitu vingine hupatikana kwa hewa,pamoja na maji, mvuke, vumbi na moshi. kiasi chamoshi na vumbi katika hewa ni kulingana na shughuliza binadamu katika mazingira.Uchafuzi husababishwa na:Vichafuzi vya hewa vilivyo vingi zaidi ni pamoja nagesi zenye sumu, moshi, vumbi na kelele.Viwanda vikubwa huachilia moshi na gesi zenye sumuhewani. Baadhi ya gesi hizi ni zinazoitwa carbonmonoxide na sulphur dioxide, ambazo zina sumu kalina zaweza kuua zikivutwa kwa kiasi kikubwa,Binadamu huvuta Oxygeni na kutoa kaboni dioksidi.Mimea, kupitia kutengeneza chakula, huvuta kabonidioksidi na kutoa Oksijeni. Ni zawadi kubwa jinsi gani!Mimea hutengeneza Oksijeni kwa ajili ya binadamu!Wanyama wengi huishi katika mimea, ambayo huilindakutokana na maadui. Miti inajulikana kuvuita mvuana maeneo yenye miti mingi hupata mvua zaidi yamaeneo yasiyo na miti. Mimea hutupa kivulikinachopunguza joto kutokana na jua, kwa hivyokushusha joto la anga.Tunatumia mimea kama kuni na pia kutengenezamakaa kutokana nayo. Kuni na makaa hutumika kamangataa ya kupika na kuleta joto. Ni muhimu mitiinapokatwa ili kutengeza makaa mingine ipandwemara moja. Mti mmoja unapokatwa, miti minginemitano yapaswa kupandwa.Tunatumia mimea kwa kazi mbalimbali za ujenzi, kamaujenzi wa nyumba, kutengeneza vitu vya nyumbakutokana na mbao, vikapu, mikeka na vifagio. Wakulimahupata faida nyingi pamoja na kupata pesa kutokanana kuuza hewa chafu.Mizizi ya mimea hushikilia udongo na kupunguzammomonyoko wa udongo kupitia kupunguzamwendo wa upepo na maji.<strong>TIST</strong> - Tuitunzeni miti na mimea katika mashambayetu zaidi ili kupata faida kubwa kwetu na kwamazingira.
<strong>TIST</strong> wakulima waliitikia wito wa kimataifa wakupambana na ongezeko la joto duniani namabadiliko ya hali ya hewa. Wakulima wengiwalitaka kuelewa kupitia semina <strong>TIST</strong> / mafunzo nakatika nguzo mikutano ya kujifunza na kuelewa zaidikuhusu ongezeko la joto duniani, athari zake kwa haliya hewa, na kukabiliana na mbinu. Tunaona wengi athariza mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa leo. Tu kuelezea matukiokadhaa ya athari, El Nino mafuriko ya 1998 kwambauliharibu mengi ya nchi na ukame wa muda mrefukwamba ikifuatiwa na upepo wa nguvu ya 2004walikuwa uwezekano ulizidi kwa joto duniani. Nyenginevielelezo mashuhuri ni taratibu amevaa mbali barafukatika kilele cha Mlima. Kenya, hali ya hewa haitabirikiambayo ilisababisha na kushindwa kwa mazao katikamaeneo mengi, kukausha ya chemchem na maji yavyanzo vya maji maeneo, miongoni mwa wengine wengi.Jarida la mwezi huu kushiriki maelezo yamafunzo na semina ili sote tuweze kuelewa joto dunianina mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa bora.Tutaanza na kufafanua kila mrefu na kulielezeazaidi na kisha kujifunza jinsi ya miti yako na jukumumuhimu katika kuondokana na madhara ya ongezekola joto duniani.Je, nini joto duniani?Joto duniani inahusu ongezeko la wastani katika jotoya dunia, ambayo kwa upande husababisha mabadilikokatika hali ya hewa. Joto duniani inaweza kusababishamabadiliko katika mwelekeo wa mvua, nguvu yadhoruba, kupanda kwa bahari ngazi, kushindwa mazao,na mbalimbali ya athari juu ya mimea, wanyama pori, nabinadamu. Wakati wanasayansi majadiliano kuhusu sualala mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa, wasiwasi wao ni kuhusuongezeko la joto duniani husababishwa na shughuli zabinadamu na mabadiliko ya hali ya hewa tofauti na haliya hewa hii huleta juu.Ni kweli dunia inapata joto?Ndiyo! Dunia inaogeza joto kwa C kuhusu 1º zaidi yamiaka 100 iliyopita. Wengi wa wanasayansi dunianikuongoza hali ya hewa kufikiri kwamba mambo ya watukufanya ni kusaidia kufanya dunia joto, kama vilekuchoma mabaki ya mafuta ikiwa ni pamoja na makaaya mawe, petroli, na gesi asilia, na kukata misitu nakusimamia ardhi hafifu.Je, ni madhara ya hewa taka?Ni athari chafu ya kuongezeka kwa joto duniani kwasababu ya kuwepo kwa baadhi ya gesi katika anga, gesiza viwandani, kama dioksidi kaboni, oksidi nitrojeni,dioksidi sulfuri, na methane ambayo hutega nishatikutoka kwa jua. Vyanzo vikuu vya kaboni ni: ukataji wamiti, gesi inayozalishwa kutoka kwenye viwanda, gesiinayozalishwa kutoka magari, gesi inayozalishwa kutokakuchoma ya kuni au mkaa na uchomaji wa misitu.KISWAHILI VERSIONWakulima katika <strong>TIST</strong> wapigana na mabadiliko yahali ya hewa.Je, ni nini hatari ya joto duniani?• Kufungua kwa maji katika maeneo kame nasemiarid nchi.• Hii inaweza kusababisha maeneo zaidi kuwa jangwa.kuongezeka kuenea kwa magonjwa kama vilemalaria.• Kama maeneo yenye joto zaidi huwa yanafaakuzaliana kwa misingi ya mbu, na hivyo kuongezahatari ya maambukizi ya malaria. Familia nyingi nataasisi za afya zinaweza kuathiliwa na vifo vyawatoto wachanga viwango kupanda.kupungua kwa uzalishaji wa kilimo katika nchinyingi za hari, hasa katika nchi za Afrika Mashariki.• Kutokana na mvua kupungua na kuongezekakuzaliana kwa wadudu kutokana na kupata jotokuongezeka, uzalishaji wa mazao ya chakulaunaweza kupungua na matokeo yake ni umaskinina njaa miongoni mwa familia nyingi na jamii.Bei ghali ya bei ya vyakula duniani• Kama zaidi wakulima kupata mavuno kidogo nachakula kuwa adimu, bei kuongeza kwa sababumahitaji ni ya juu na ugavi ni ya chini.mabadiliko makubwa katika tija na muundo wamifumo muhimu ya kiikolojia hasa ya misitu.• Maji katika vyanzo vya milima na misitu kuendeleakukauka. Hii itaathiri uwezo wa kumwagilia mazaona kupunguza mtiririko muhimu kushika mabwawana vyombo vingine vya kushikilia maji. Hiiitapunguzauzalishaji wa nguvu za kawi .Viwandavyetu, hospitali na taasisi nyingine ambazo sanahutegemea umeme vitaadhirika sana. usambazajiwa maji ya bomba katika maeneo ya mijini kamavile maeneo na vijijini pia huathirika.• Makumi ya mamilioni ya watu wamo katika hatarikutokana na mafuriko na maporomoko ya ardhi,inaendeshwa na ongezeko la makadirio ya kiwangocha mvua na, katika maeneo ya pwani, kupandaviwango vya bahari.Nawezaje kuzuia joto duniani?Panda na utuze miti?Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, dioksidi kaboni ni moja yagesi ambayo kusababisha ongezeko la joto duniani. Mitikunyonya dioksidi kaboni kutoka hewa .. Hata hivyo,wakati miti inakatwa na kuchomwa moto, hiyo huachiliakaboni ambayo imehifadhiwa kwenye mizizi nakuirudisha kwa hewa tena .Je, unajua kila mti mmoja unaweza kujenga haliya hewa micro?Miti na bima zao huifanya dunia kuwa baridi . faraja yakivuli cha mti. Ona kwamba udongo chini ni ya miti unaunyevunyevu . Hii ina maana kwamba miti kwenye ardhiyako itasaidia kuboresha kiasi cha maji katika udongowako, na kusaidia kuhifadhi maji kwa muda mrefu. Hiiitasaidia mazao yako na pia hata kuwasaidia watumiajiwa maji katika eneo lako.5
Uimi uyu wa kuvanda miti, ikuthu, kuithya nakuvanda liu in uetae wongeleku wa w’umiwa kisio kya muunda kwisila kutumia miti.Miti yi vaita mwingi kwa muimi:• Miti ya kwaka• Ngu• Matunda na liu• Uithyo/Liu wa indo• Kulumya muthanga• Kuete unou wa muthanga• Kusiia kimeu kukuwa• Kusiia nzeve• Kusiia kukuwa kwa muthanga nguumoni syambusi• Ndawa• MuunyiNzia sya kuvanda miti vamwe na liu na ndithyaKwi nzia mbingi sya kuvanda miti vamwe na liu nandithya, vala nzia imwe ni nzeo kwa isio imwe indi tikwa ingi. Vaa ve imwe kati wa nzia sya uimi uyu.1. Nima ya Wiio.Ino ni nzia imwe ila mundu usakuaa muthemba wamiti ila ukuvanda ta wiio iatianie lainini umwe na ilayithiawa na vaita kwa muthanga. Wiio wendaamwanya muni na nusiia kukuwa kwa muthanga, matuma wiio niutumiwa ta liu wa indo kana kwikia muunyiungu wa liu. Kwa ng’elekany’o mundu ni uvanda mutimuthemba muna ta wiio muvakani. Utaaniu ula wailekwa miti ya wiio ni matambya eli kana atatu. Wanakemuseo niula uvulanitye miti imwe minene na ingiminini.2. Nima ya kuvokany’a.Ino Ni nzia imwe vala miti ivandawa iatianie laininiindi iyikiwa liu katikati . kwa ngelekany’o wavandalaini umwe wa miti uyikia laini itatu kana inya sya liu(mimea ta mbemba). Ngelekany’o nzeo ni leucaenana mbemba, Kaawa na Maiu. Miti miseo kaingi yauvandaniw’a na liu ni ila inengae muthanga nzevekana unou wa nitrogen. Utaaniu wa miti yi katikatiwa liu waile ithiwa unyiva matambya atano (5m).Myanya ila yi katikati wa miti ino nikwaile ikala kwikuime na kukathea kila ivinda na miti ino kusewa.Miti ta ino ndyaile kuekwa ikaasava muno nundu yaneneva muno niyambiia kuminia mimea/liu unou wamuthanga na kumivwika kyeni kya sua. Matu alaKIKAMBA VERSIONUthukumi museo wa tist kwa kuendeesya uvandiwa miti vamwe na liu na kuithya indo.masewa kuma mitini ino nomatumike kwa kuete unoukisioni kiiu.Kaingi miti ya uvandaniw’a na liu ndithiawa na vaitakwa uimi wa <strong>TIST</strong> nundu ndiekawa ikaasava munoyithiawa ta ikuthu na kwoou nditonya utalika ivindaya kuta nzeve itavisaa onakau nimiseo kwa muiminundu ninoasya muthanga na kutuma ethiwa na usyaomwingi. Ingi isioni ila nyumu miti ino niyendaautaaniw’a munango nikana ndi kathaane kiw’u na liukuma muthangani na mimea/liu.3. Kusiia Nzeve.Miti ino ivandawa uteeni ngaliko ila nzeve yisilaa naivandawa mbee miti ila minene yi katikati , ikakaatiwani miti mininangi laini ili ila iatiie, ikuthu na indi nyeki.Vaita wa kusiia nzeve ni kana mundu ndendaa kisiokinene indi no kasio kanini ka kitheka na nitonya kuetewongeleku wa ngetha wa kilungu kya 30% isioni imwe.Manya kana miti ya kusiia nzeve yavandwa nai nietaewasyo ethiwa nzeve yeekw’angali imwe. Manthamundu wina utuika wa kuvanda miti ino ya kusiianzeve.4. Kueka kuima kisio na kukivanda miti.Vaa ni vala muimi uekaa kuvanda liu kisioni kina nakueka miti imee nikana atunge unou wa muthanga.5. Nima ya Kuvulanya maliu na miti.Iino yithiawa na myanya yianene ya miti na liu. Mitimiseo ni ila yithiawa itena muunyi munene na yongelaamuthanga nitrogen.6. Nima ya miti na ndithya vamwe.Nzia ino ivikiawa kwa kusuvia na kuvanda mitii kisionikila indo iuya kutethya kukwata ngu na liu wa indo.7. Miti ya kuvandwa vamwe ta kamutitu.Kamutitu kanini nikatonya uvandwa kundu kula ithekaitena w’umi nesa kwa ngelekany’o kula kwi mavia namatw’iku. Tumititu no tuvandwe ta miti ya kusiia nzevekana kuvandwa kithekani kithiitwe kiteutumika.Kwandaia lilikana miti ya Tist nonginya ivandwe nautaaniu ula waile na kwikala vo kwa ivinda iasa nikanaiete unzeo ula uvaniiwe.Lilikana nzia imwe sya umi wa miti ninzeo kwa nimaindi ititonya kuvitukithwa ivindani ya ndivi kwa <strong>TIST</strong>.2
KIKAMBA VERSIONLiu kwa awau ma ivinda iasa.Nthini wa misyi imwe kula kwithiitwe naendwa moo me awau kumasuvia ni kwa vatamuno. Ma uwau ta sukali, cancer, muthelo(HIV/Aids) na kukooa kwa ivinda iasa (TB) ni mauwaumathuku na nimatumaa mundu ekala akiwaanga naamwe malea kuiitwa nesa nimasyokeaa mundu. Awauma mowau aya nimaile kuya liu ula waile wakutumamethiwa na vinya wa kukitana na mowau mooka.Liu museo kwa awau ni vamwe na:-Liu ula unengae mwii vinya: Maliu ta carbohydrateala ni Ngima/Kiteke, Usuu kuma mbembani, muvya,mwee, uimbikana manga, ve musele, makwasi, maluuala methiawa matonya unenge mwii vinya. lilikana kanamauta ni manenganae vinya na kutuma liu withiwana musamo matumiwa kiasi kila kyaile.Maiu ma kwaka mwii (proteins) ala ni mbaa nyamata nyama sya nguku, ng’ombe, mbui, malondu, makuyuna mavata ingi kuma liuni ta mboso, nthooko, nandengu na nzuu kalanga nisyakaa mwii.Maliu ala manenganae “Vitamins” Maliu mena vitaminA nimethiawa ma vata muno kwa andu ala menauwau wa muthelo na nimatonya ukwatikana nthiniwa• Nyunyi sya ngilini ta Nthooko, matu ma mangana Okra.• Matuni ma masungwa na ma ukwasi• Maiuni ma Kuua (Matoke)• Matundani, kaingi matunda ala methiawa na langiwa yellow ta Masungwa, Mavavai, Maembe, maiumeu, na mavela.Kunywa kiw’u kianu: Andu awau kaingi nimendaaunywa kiw’u kwa wingi. Kw’u kya unywa kya awaunikyaile utheukwa iyiiva vandu va ndatika ta ikumi nakiyiekwa kivoa, kiyikiwa vandu vatheu na kiikunikwa.Kiw’u kitheu nikya vata kwa kila umwe, Naingimunamuno kwa ala awau nundu mii yoo ndithiawana vinya wa kukita mauau ta mundu utena uwau.Ethiwa muwau nukwituua muno noumuseuvisye kiwukina tusiko tunini thatatu twa sukali na nyusu kasikoka munyu kwa kila lita wa kiwu kumutetheesyakutunga kiw’u kila waitye kwa kwituua. Ingi nouvulany’e na kiw’u kya masungwa kisame nesa.Mawalany’o ma Utheu. Ethiwa wiseuvya liu wamuwau, mbee ikiithya niwathamba moko na kiw’ukitheu na savuni, ingi thambya liu na uyiua uvye namiio ya kuiia uthambya itheete na uinyasya.3Vaa nthi vena visa wa ngwatanio ya Kawiru MCK Clusteryila maina.Muimi uyu kuma ngwatanioni ya Kiengu Clusterniwonanitw’e aivuva ndawa muundani wake wandengu. Kuvuva ndawa kusiia iinyu na tusamu tulatwanangaa liu nikwavata kwa usyao museo wandengu.Wumbano na mena utanu nundu aingi moo nimakwatiemathangu ma ndivi (payment vouchers) vala tukundinyaanya twakwatie mathangu mat’o matuku 07.06.2013yila moombanite.If you want your Cluster to participate in <strong>TIST</strong>Green gram program, please contactJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
Mawithyululuko mamaniasya kila kithyululukikila kithau. Kila kithau ni kyau ni andu,Mang’ala, nyunyi, miti na tusamu tulatutambikaa.Nikyau kiseuvasya mawithyululuko?Mawithyululuko ma kila kithayu methiawa menasyindu ingi syi thayu naingi itena thayu. Syindu ila syithayu syithiawa mawithyululukoni syitawa “biologicalfactors”. Ithi nita miti na nyamu. Syindu ila ite thayunasyo tusyitaa “Physical Factors” ila nita kiw’u, nzeve,movinduku ma nzeve ta uvyuvu, kiseve, mbua,muthanga, na munyu.KIKAMBA VERSIONMawithyululuko nikyao?Nzeve ntheu itavulanite ndithiawa vo. Syindu ingisyithiawa nthini wa nzeve ni Kiw’u, kitoo, syuki, mukina mivevo. Kilio kya syuki na kitoo kila kithiawa nthiniwa nzeve kiamuawa ni mawiko ma mundu nthini wamawithyululuko.Kila kithokoanasya nzeve:Nzeve yina sumu, Syuki, Kitoo na KelelKampunini nene (factories) nisumasya syuki na nzeveyina sumu. Imwe kati wa nzeve isu ni CarbonMonoxide na Sulphur dioxide ila syithiawa na sumumwingi na syavevwa syuaa.4Kwianana na syindu ii syele ila ni biological kanaphysical ni syikalanasya vamwe kila kimwe kwa useowa kila kingi thini wa mawithyululuko. Ngelekany’oSyindu syi thau nisyendaa nzeve ya kuveva, Kiw’u naliu kwikala. Ithi syoonthe nisyithiawa nthini wamawithyululuko.Andu nimome woni munene kwa syindu syothe syithau. Nimatataa kuseuvya thayu woo withiwe wiwalaa/ utena minoo kuma kwa mawithyululuko. Onakaumawiko amwe ma andu nima muisyo kwa andu enena isamu ila ingi syi thayu.Kuthukya /kuthokoanya.Kuthukya nzeve kwithiawa kwa nzia mbingi takuthokoanya/ kwikia sumu mawithyululuko alamatunenga kiw’u, Nzeve ya uveva, muthanga na ingimbingi. Yila twaananga mawithyululuko na sumutwithiawa twauthokoany’a kana kuthukyamawithyululuko na kila kithau kisioni kiu kithiawamuisyoni. Mawiko ma mundu nimathukasya nakuthokoanya mawithyululuko.Kuthokoanya Nzeve.Nzeve iseuvitwe ni mithemba mbingi ila ni21% Oxygen78% Nitrogen0.003% Carbon dioxide0.97 Others.Mundu avevaa Oxygen ilikite na nthini na ayumyanzeve itavisaa “Carbon Dioxide” kwanzia ya mitikwiseuvisya liu (photosynthesis) no yosaa nzeveitavisaa na kuya nzeve ila yakanaa Oxygen. Nimuthinzio wa usengy’o, miti kumya nzeve ya utumiwani andu na andu kumya nzeve ya utumiwa ni miti.Nyamu mbingi nisyikalaa ungu wa miti kusuviwa kumakwi amaitha masyo. Miti niyisikie kwa kuthengeesyambua nundu ona kaingi kula kwi miti nikukwataambua kwi kundu kua kutai. Miti nitunengae muunyina kuola uvyuvu wa sua kwoo kuthithya nzeve.Ni tutumiaa miti kwa ngu na kuseuvya makaa. Nguna makaa nitumikaa kuua liu na kuete uvyuvu. Niuseo yila twatema miti tuiseuvya makaa kuvanda mitiingi vandu va isu twatema. yila watema muti umweikiithya niwavanda miti itano vandu va usu umwe.nitutumiaa miti kwa kwaka, kuseuvya syindu syanyumba ta mesa, ituti, syondo na kwoou miti ni yavata.Aimi nimakwataa vaita kuma miti yila mata Carboncredits.Mii ya miti nikwatanasya mutathanga ukaluma ukaekautuuka na kukuwa ni kiseve na kiw’u.<strong>TIST</strong>. Tusuvie miti muno muno miundani kwitukwoondu wa vaita witu ene na mawithyululuko.
Aimi ma tist nimeew’ie witano wa kukitana naualyuku wa nzeve vamwe na uvyuvu. Aimi ainginimandee kwenda kumanya kwa nzia yamovundisyo na semina sya <strong>TIST</strong> na yila mena mbumbanosya ngwatanio syoo iulu wa uvyuvu na uvinduku wanzeve nthi yonthe, mauvindu ma uvyuvu na mothukumaw’o nthini wa nzeve na undu tutonya kwika kueteuvinduku munini. Nitukwona movinduku manene nthiniwa nzeve umunthi. kwa ngelekany’o El-nino sya mwakawa 1998 ila syaetie wanangiko munene nthini wa nthiyitu Kenya na yaatiiwa nimunyao munene, kinzevekinene kya hurricane kya mwaka wa 2004 ithi syotheietetwe ni uvinduku wa uvyuvu wa nthi. Kingi ni kwinaia ya kiima kya mt. Kenya kwoneka yiendee na kuoleka,na ivinda ya mbua kana thano itekueleeka nokithiamundu ndatonya umanya ni indii ukuvanda na aiketha,mbusi na nthongo mbingi sya kiw’u kung’ala na maunduangi maingi.Mwai uyu ithangu yielesya iulu wa semona nikanatuelewe iulu wa uvyuvu wa nthi na uvinduku w nzevenesa.Twiambiia kwa kuelesya ndeto na na kwimanyisyaundu miti ithukumaa kilio kinene kukitana na uvyuvuuyu wa nthi.Nikyau kitawa uvyuvu wa nthi (Global Warming)Uvyuvu wa nthi withiawa uyonany’a wongelekuwa uvyuvu nthini wa nzeve ula uetae uvinduku nthiniwa nzeve ukethia niya vyuva kwiundu itwie. Nthi mbyuni ietae uvinduku wa undu mbua ikua, iuutani syina vinya,ukanga kwambata, mimea kulea usyaa, miti kuma, namovindu maingi kwa nyamu na andu. Yila andu mascience me kuneenea iulu wa uvinduku wa nzeve ,kimako kyoo kinene ni uvyuvu ula uetetwe ni mekoma mundu na undu mena uthuku mwingi kwa kila kindu.KIKAMBA VERSIONAimi ma <strong>TIST</strong> kukitana na uvinduku wa nzeve nauvyuvu wa nthi yonthe.Ni muisyo mwau uetawe ni uvyuvu wa nthi?• Manthina ma kiw’u kaingi kundu kula kumu na kwimang’alata nakuituma kutwika weu.• Kwongeleka kwa uyaaiku wa uwau ta malaria. Yilakundu kwa vyuva kutukaa kundu kuseo kwa umuukusyaia na kuituma uwau wa malaria wongeleka.kwoou iyiete uvindu kwa misyi na masivitali onauyivu wa andu kwikala thayu na ikw’u sya syanaiyongeleka.• Kuoleka kwa liu kuma miundani ta isioni imwesya Africa ya wumiloni wa sua. Nundu wa mbuakunyiva na kusyaia kwa kutamu kwingiva mimeaya liu iieka kwika nesa na unyivu wa liu uiete ungyana nzaa nthini w amisyi mingi na mbai mbingi.• Liu kwambata vei. Oundu aimi aingi maendee naukwata liu munini kuma miundani now’o uendeeaana kwinthiwa wimunini sokoni na nundu andunaingi ala meuwenda nthooa naw’o uyambata.• Uvinduku munene nthini wa usyao na kila kyonthekyumea kithekani na mitituni. Mbumo sya mbusinta iima na mititu niendee ma kuma. Kii kikaeteualyuku nthini wa kungithya miunda, kususyanasukasya silanga na tulusi kwikala tuvititye kiw’u.Ingi kiw’u kyanyiva onakwo kuseuvya sitima kwanzia ya kiw’u kuiyiva na kwoou uvindu uyumasivitali, industry, na kungi kula sitima utumikaamuno uyithia nakw’o nikwavikiwa nimauvindukuaya. Ingi kiw’u kiinyiva ola kula kitwaitwe na mivaivota mataoni na misyi imwe kiilea uvika kana kiivikakinini.• Andu aingi vyu mine nthina wa kwithiwa matonyauvikiwa ni mavuliko, kutheewa ni muthanga nakungi ta utee wa ukanga kiw’u kwambata iulu wavala kitwie.5Kwa w’o nthi ni yiendee na uvyuva?ii! niw’o nthi niyongelekete uvyuvu wa kwa ndikiliiimwe (10c) nthini wa myaka iana yimwe (100yrs). Aingima ala matongoety’e kw autaalamu na utuika wa nzevenimekwisilya kana maundu ala andu mekwikanimatumite nthi iendeea na uvyuva kwa ngelekany’oKuvivya mauta, mavia ma Coal, ngasi ya kuma nthi,kutemanga mititu na kulea unzuvia muthanga.Nyumba sya ngilini (Greenhouse) syinthiawa nauthuku mwau?Uthuku wa greenhouse ni kwithiniwa uvyuvu wanthini utuma ngasi imwe ila syitawa greenhouse gasesta Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Sulphur dioxide namethene nikwataa vinya kuma suani. Nzeve itavisaa(carbon) ni kuma kwa miti ila yatemwa, ngasi kumakambunini, ngalini na ngasi ya miti yavivya kana kuvivyamakaa kana mititu.Nata ndonya usiiia nthi kuvyuva?Vanda miti na uimisuviaTondu tuwetete vaa iulu, nzeve itavisaa ni imwekati wa ila ietae uvyuvu wa nthi. Miti ninyusaa nzeveitavisaa ila ikuseuvya liu wayo na kumia mithambani,miini na muthangani ta cellulose carbon. Onavala mitiyatwemwa na kuvivya niyumasya nzeve isu itavisa naiilika ingi nzeveni.Niwisi kana kila muti no uete uvinduku wanzeve?Miti na uthui wayo nivyikaa na kunthithya nthi.Niwiw’aa mimwianie ulyi muuthini wa muti. Syisya wonekana ungu wa muti vala vena miinyi kiw’u kyavo kivakuvikwi vala vena sua. Yi la muthanga wekala wi muthithunow’o ukwatiia kimeu kwa ivinda iasa. Kii kimaanisyakana miti ila yi kithekani kwaku nikutetheesya kwikalyakiw’u muthangani kwa ivinda iasanga kute kula kutemiti.Kii niutetheesya mimea ya muundani kwika nesa nakutethya ala matumiaa kiw’u kisioi kyaku.
Carbon Credits ni kyau?Mwakani wa 1997 nthi imwe nisyeekiie saiiwiw’ano woo na UN kana nikuthukuma vamwe kuolakuthokoanw’a lwa nzeve na kuola utumiku wagreenhouse. Wiw’ano uyu weetawa Kyoto Protocol ulaweetiwe uu kuatiania na isyitwa ya musyo umwe waJapanese witawa Kyoto vala saii syeekiiawa.Ungu wa Kyoto protocol nthi mbingi ila syinaindustries nimeetikilanile kuola kiasi kila mekumya nzeveitavisaa. Nzia imwe ya kwika uu yai kwosa nzeve itavisaa(Carbon dioxide) na kumia nthini wa miti kanamuthanga. Miti niyosaa nzeve itavisaa na kumitumiakuseuvya liu ula yiaa mithambani, miini na muthangani.Nzeve itavisaa ila yosetwe kuma mawithyululukoninitonya kwiwa na uthimwa vamwe na kutalwa na indiisiw’a kana niyaw’o, nzeve ino noitewe kwa soko wanthi yonthe ta carbon credits. Aui nimatonya kuuacredits kuola nzeve itavisaa ila ikumya.Kwa ngelekany’o <strong>TIST</strong> intonya uta nzeve itavisaayi mitini ota undu sukali na yiia itesawa. Kwa carbon,onakau, ndutumaa na meli kila uuta indi lato wa kumakwa carbon ila yumitw’e mawithyululukoni na nzevenina kwia mitini kana muthangani yi thime na ikalivotiwa.Utandithya wa carbon credit ukunawa nthini wa musyiwa New York, chicago, London na misyi ingi nthi yonthe.Nthini wa soko inthi carbon niuawa, kutandithw’a nakutewa kwa wingi mbesa. Nonginya tuvikie mawendima soko ino. Tuitonya ututa miti kana kwenga mititutuvande miti nundu uu ni uthuku kwa mawithyululuko.Nonginya twiyumye kuikiithya nitwavanda miti nataendeea na kumivanda tukiea ila ingi kwa ivinda iasa taya myaka miongo itatu kana mingaingi. Nonginya tutungelivoti yaw’o. Miniyamina uvandwa ithimo na utalononginya ukekwa kuthima ni carbon yiana ata imeletw’eni miti ila ivanditwe ni aimi ma <strong>TIST</strong>. Lilikana mitinditwaawa sokoni uyu wa carbon, miti yikalaa valayavandwa na undu yekala ivinda yiasa now’o ivinda yakuendeea na kuivwa yithiawa yi iasa. Kwoou muiminiwikalaa na miti na usyao wayo. Mbesa ila TISt iseuvasyakuma kutani kwa nzeve itavisaa ni iaanaw’a na kutumikatukundini tunini kukwata mbau uthukumi watw’ovamwe na kuiva amanyisya, quantification na uungamiiwa ngwatanio ino.Kwisila kwa soko sya nzeve itavisaa, kuvanda mitinikutonya kwithiwa kwi na ueti nundu miti niinyusaacarbon na kumia na nitonya uthimwa na kwineka unduyiana, kunenganwe livoti na kutewa ta carbon credits.Miti nietae moseo angi kwa mawithyululuko ta kwithiwani muiito na ninenganae moseo angi ta ngu, mbau syamwako na moseo angi maingi.Miti yoonthe inyusa carbon undu umwe?Any’ee. Miti ila yina uthanthau munene (more biomass)niyiaa carbon mbingi kwi miti mitheke. Miti miasa ingininyusaa carbon mbingi kwi miti mikuvi. Kwoou, mitiila mithathau ni yithiawa na ueti mwingaingi kuma kwacarbon credits. Kii kionany’a kana miti yavandwa yinamyanya ila yaile yina ivuso iseo ya kuasava na kwiana yimithathau na kuete ukwati munene kuma kwa carbonincome. Nundu iyiuthaania unou ula wimuthangani kanaKIKAMBA VERSIONkiw’o ta miti ila ivanditwe ithengeanie.Kwoou, nikana ukwate ndivi nzeo kuma mitini nomuvaka wikie maanani kumitaanisya uivanda nikanayiane nesa yina unou ula waile na uasa.Niva kana nuu uuaa Carbon credits?Umunthi, carbon credits itesawa masokoni makwiyumya na sokoni ila syinakila kyavitukithiw’e kyasoko isu. Soko ithi nivitukithaw’a kwa nzia kivathukany’o,otondu kwi brand mbingi ivitukithaw’a na kutewa nakuuwa(ngelekany’o kaawa na kaawa organic ungu walabel kivathukany’o). Vaa ve imwe kati wa soko namithemba ya kwambiia:-1) Cerfified Emission Reductions (CERs) kwa CleanDevelopment Mechanism (CDM) ila iungamiaasoko kuseuvya uiungu wa walany’o wa Kyoto.Carbon credits ithi nonginya ivitukithw’e nakusyaaisya ungu wa nzia ya CDM kwa kutumiwani nthi ila syina Industries ala maseuvitye GhGkwiyumya kuola ungu wa walany’o wa Kyotokumatetheesya kuatiia wiw’ano uyu. ino nisokoya witikilana. Verification na Certification nisyikawani ngwatanio yiyoka yitawa DesignatedOperational Entities (DOEs) and kuvitukithya niaungami kana board ya CDM. umuthi, soko inondithukumaa nesa na project mbingi sya mititu,yivo <strong>TIST</strong>.2) Soko ingi ila yendaa kuvitukithya kwa uoleku wakumya nzeve itavisaa ni soko ya Non-kyotocompliance. Nthini wa US, ila nimwe kati wa nthiila syeekiie saii wiw’ano wa Kyoto, imwe sya statesyayo nisyendaa kuolwa kwa Ghg. Australianiyithiawa na wendi usu. yila kuvitukithwa kwawalany’o uyu kuyenda kuolwa kwa umya wa nzeveitavisaa nikana uverifiawe ni ngwataniokivathukanyo, ni undu umwe kivathukany’o na winawalany’o kivathukany’o na Cdm. Soko ino yinawikwatw’o onakau umuthi ti mbingue kwa <strong>TIST</strong>.3) Soko sya kwiyumya nivo <strong>TIST</strong> itesaa nzeve yookuma kwa miti ila ivanditwe ni aimi ma Tist. Vaa vesoko ili sya aui ma kwiyumya. Imwe ni soko yinaandu anini vyu ala meyumitye kumwa mbesa nakunenge andu kumathuthya kuvanda miti.Ngelekany’o ni andu kuiva miti ivandwe kuseuvyavandu va utwaania kana kuseuvya conferenceCarbon neutral. Muthemba wakeli wa soko ino niathooi makwiyumya ila ni soko yivo na itonyakwika nesa ila iseuvitw’e ni kambuni sya US naangi ala ni non-Kyoto industrial countries ilameyumitye kuola kumya nzeve itavisas GhG nunduwa kwithiwa ni athukumi aseo ma mawithyululukokana meeta kwiyumbanisya ivinda yukite na kilakikendeka.Kwina ilasi kivathukany’o nthini wa soko ithi nasyikalaa na miao yikalaa isesya ivinda kwa yingi iulu wauvandi wa miti, usyaiisya na kutunga livoti nikana tutonyeuta sokoni ithi. Umunthi atongoi eli ala <strong>TIST</strong> ithukumaawungu wamo ni Verified Carbon Standard na Climate,Community and Biodiversity Aliance Standards.6
July 2013 NewsletterNot for sale<strong>Mazingira</strong> <strong>Bora</strong>w w w . t i s t . o r gKipsigis VersionAn Environmental, SustainableDevelopment and Community ForestryProgram.Itugururu Cluster members during their Cluster meeting last month.Inside:<strong>TIST</strong>: Practise ne kararannebo Agroforestry. Page 2Omitwogik che itchinotin en pik che miondos. Page 3Environment (emet) ko ne? Page 4Temik ab’ <strong>TIST</strong> kokoker ng’alek ab Global Warming ak wallet neboClimate. Page 5Published by <strong>TIST</strong>-Kenya. Web: www.tist.org Email: martinweru@tist.org Tel: 0722 - 846 501
Agroforestryko mine tab ketik ak osnoshekakminutik alak che kiome anan ko chebo tuga .Maana nebo agroforestry ko ketes ruret abimbarenik kobune minet ‘ab ketik . Ketik kotinyemanufaa chechang’ en temindet:• Tuguk ‘ab tegset.• Kwenik• Logoek ak omitwogik alak• Omitwogik ‘ab tuga• Toret ‘ng’ung’unyek.• Toldolindab ng’ungunyek.• Ribe bek chemiten koristo.• Tre koriswek.• Ribe ng’ung’unyek komoib bek sanasanaoinoshek.• Kerichek.• Urwek.Practices neboAgroforestry: Kogochang’aoratinwek chekimuche keyaen agroforestry agoteseta kobitu chechang’ kila en kila. Oratinwek alakkomuche kobore en komoswek alak ago mobore enkomoswek alak . Che isubu ko otratinwek che nootin:1. Hedges: Inoni ko oret ne kimine ketik en lainitasi kotoret imbaret. Hedgeskomoche space ne kiten, tere erosion , ago icheru sogek chekiboishen koigomitwogik ‘ab tuga .Koborunet nebo niton ko keminketik en tobonwek ‘ab imbarenik .Lochindonekimogching’e ko 2m – 3m. Style nekararan kokemin nebo circles.KIPSIGIS VERSION<strong>TIST</strong>: Practise ne kararannebo Agroforestry.Ketik che kiiburyo kou timin ko momogotin en <strong>TIST</strong>payments ang’amun mogonu carbon chematin ,Alakinitoreti imbaret agokon manufaa alak chechang’. Enkomoswek cheyomyotin ,komoimuche kogararanoraniton anan ketese lochindab ketik ak minutik alakasikoma borchin omitwogik chemiten enng’ung’unyek ak asista.3. Windbreak: Inoni ko minet ‘ab ketik chtinyestrips chechang’ asikoter koriswek, che terekomowech koriswek minutik koriswek che yach.Inome imine ketik che yechen en kwenet,ketikchemengechen kosubu en rowishek oeng’ agityokosub shrubs, agityo kosub bushes aksuswek.Kororonindab windbreakers ko moyochekomin temeindet ketik en imbaret tugul lakini enkomosto ne kiten .Moche imbaret ne kiten , agomanufaa kotese rurutik en 30% en komoswek alak .Ibwat ile windbreakers chemagimin komye kowecheminutik ang’amun pune koristo konyik.Imuche icheng’ chi netinye naet en komositonkotoretin .4. Fallow cropping: En oraniton koyochekobagach imbaret temindet komagimin asi korutichegen ketik agowek toltolindab imbaret.5. Inter-cropping(minet ak minutik alak):Enorani koyoche kogochi spacing ketik temindet enkwenititab minutik. Ketik che kororon kochon tinyecanopies ago icheru nitrogen.22. Alley cropping: Inoniton komoche kemin ketiken spacing nebo 2m ak en rowishek . imuche komitenrowit ‘ab ketik asikosubu minutik en rowishek oeng’anan ko somok ,agityo kosibge kounoton.Koborunet ‘ab niton ko minet ‘ab bandek akaleucaena, anan ko coffee ak indizinik.Ketik che kororonon ko che leguminous(Cho icherunitrogen koba ng’ungunyek). Spacing en ketik koyoche ko 5m.Rowshik choton bo ketik koyochekeistechin timdo en kila kenyit. Moyoche korut ketikkoyechegitun angamun sindochinge ak minutikomitwogik ak asista. Yon kogibrunen sogek kimuchekabach en ng’ung’unyek asi koig mbolea.6. Grazing improvement: Imuche temindetkochomchi tuga koaam ole miten ketik ago koribekomowech ketik.7. Woodlots: Woodlots che meng’echen kimuchekemin en imbarenik chetomo keboishen , kou.woodlotschekimuche kemin en ole miten koig ananko olemiten gullies.Woodlots kimuche kora keminkoig windbreak, anan kemin en fallowland. Ibwat ileketik ab <strong>TIST</strong> koyoche kigochi space negararnakoyechegitun komye ak en let kong’et en ngwenykogage. Alak en oratinwechubo agroforestrykooratinwek chekororon en minset, lakini imuchkomoitchi lipanet neboo <strong>TIST</strong>.
KIPSIGIS VERSIONOmitwogik che itchinotin en pik che miondos.3En korig alak, olemiten pik chemiondos ,kobunchin maana kerib pichuton. Mionwogikcheu diabetes, cancer, HIV/AIDS, aktuberculosis (TB) ko mionwogik cheyachen , koborkole ketchinge.Pik che miondos koyoche keribe akkigochin omitwogik che kororonen asi kotermionwogik alak. Good nutrition koomitwogik :• kogochi borto kimnotet ;kobunu tuguk cheubandek chekonu carbohydrates kou kimyet(kongorik che nyigisena ak che terteren )chebunu bandek, pegg,mosonik , anan kocassava.Muchelek , robwonik ak viazinik kogonucarbohydrates kora. Ibwat ile fats ak oils, enmoderation , kogonu kimnotet ak kootesanyinindab omiitwogik.• Teche borwek(Proteins)banyek chebunu(ingogenik , tuga ,nego , mutton, duck, ak guineafowl. Mayainik , cheko , legumes (ng’endek,njorogek ak Grams che nyolililen) ak kotestanjuguk ko cheggonu protein.• Kogonech Vitamins–cheu Vitamin A kobo maanasana en pik chetinye miondab HIV/AIDSagokimuche kenyorunen :• Ingwek chon nyolilen(cowpea leaves,okra,cassava leaves).• Ingwek che Orange (orange fleshedsweetpotato)• Plantain (matoke)• Logoek , sanasana chon kigonyolilegitun(oranges,pawpaws, mangoes, indizinik cheruryotin,guavas)• Yeetab bek chetililen- Pik chemiondos koyochekoyee bek chechang’.Bek chekiyee koyochekiyoe en dakikaishek taman, agityo kekonor enole tilil,ak ketuch ak kit ne tilil. Bek che tililenkobo maana en chitugul en got, Lakini kobomaana saidi en bik chetinye mionwogik, angamunmoimuche borwekchwag kobarge akmionwogik.Angot kotinye diarrheaimucheingochi bek chechulotin ak teaspoons lochebosugaruk ak chumpik ak nusu neboteaspoon chebo sale en literit angeng’e chebobek asigitoret kotes bek en bortab chichoton .imuche kora iteste juice chebo logoek enbechoton.• Basic hygiene principles. Ang’ot ichobchinichito nemioni omitwogik ,iyom iger iletilileneuneguk kotomo ichob omitwogik,kogiun omiwogik komye kotomo kechob,agokogitilil tuguk chekiomishen.En pichait ne isubu ko membaek abKawirumckCluster en tuyet.Temindet nebunu Kiengu Cluster inotonkosprayeni minutik en imbaretnyin . Nyolukepit Green Gram asikomoyachegitun.Boiboi membaechuton konyor lipanetnywai boarawanikonyet. Kogilipan gropishek sisit.If you want your Cluster to participate in <strong>TIST</strong>Green gram program, please contactJeniffer Kithure 0726319539
KIPSIGIS VERSIONEnvironment (emet) ko ne?Environment nebo ng’wony ko ki angetul ne Momiten koristo ne tilil kabisa . Ruguk alak chemitensungugonech en ng’weny chekibore en koristo ko cheu , cheu bek , vapor, buiywet ak iyetorganisms. Organisms ichuton komuche .Chong’indab iyet ak buiwet en koristo koamuonikoigbik, tyongik , toritik , minutik anan ko insects. tuguk che yoe bik en environment.4Ne cheketinye en environment?Environment nebo tuguk organisms kotinye tugukchesobtos ak chemosobtos . tuguk chesobtoskeguren biological factors. Ichochu kocheu minutik akbik . tuguk chemosobtin chesungugoni chesobotinkeguren physical factors. Ichochu kocheu bek , koristo,climate, (temperature, koriswek, humidity, robwek,ng’ing’unyek ak mineral salts).biological ak physical factors kotinye organisms enenvironment en oret angeng’e anan ko age. kou, tugukche sobtos komogchinge koriswek, bek ak omitwogikasi kotesta kosobcho . Ichochuton tugul komiten enemet.Kimugulmetit kochechobe tuguk en ng’weny. Yomekimugulmeit kochob environment kogararanit kila enkila. alakini, koumizoni bik ak organisms alak.Pollution(wechet’ab emet).Pollution komaanishonin wechet ‘ab (koriswek , bek, ak ng’ung’unyek etc.). Tuguchuton yachen enenvironment keguren pollutants. Yon kagochutenvironment tuguchuton yachen , kogonu hatari entuguk che sobtos. Tuguk cheyoe bik chegonupollutants.Pollution nebo koristo.Koristo ko mixture nebo gases chetinye:21% Oxygen78% Nitrogen0.003% Carbon dioxide0.97 alak.Ne tuguk cheibu pollution en koristo :Ne indoe en pollutants chebo koristo ko gases cheesumu ,iyet , buiwet ak bolet.Factories cheyechen kocheru koriswek cheyachenkoba barak . Alak en koriswekchuton kocheu carbonmonoxide ak sulphur dioxide, che sumu ago imuchekobar bik yon kogibus koba borto.Bik kobuse oxygen ago kocher carbon dioxide.Minutik , kobune photosynthesis, kogule carbondioxide agityo kocher oxygen. Konunet newo!icherwech minutik oxygen!Tyong’ik chechang’ komenye oritit ‘ab minutik , cheribe icheget . Ketik kolibu robwek so ing’unonkomoswek chetinye ketik chechang’ kotinye robwekchechang’ kosir chon motinye. Ketik kogonechurwek , so kobose maat en emet.Kiboishen ketik koig kwenik agokimuche kechobenmakaa. Kwenik ak makaa keboishen koig fuel chebochobet ‘ab omitwogik. Bo maana yon kagitil ketigkemin alak en saainoton . En ketit ageng’e ne kagitilkoyoche kemin alak mut.Kiboishen ketik ak minutik kobunchi tuguk chechang’kou en tegset , chobet ‘ab furniture bogoinik , kishet,mats ak tuguk chegibuchen biuut. Temik konyorumanufaa chechang kotestage carbon credits.Tigitik ‘ab ketik kotere ng’ung’unyek en soil erosionangamun tere koriswek ak bek chon rwoe saidi.<strong>TIST</strong> –Ong’erib ketik ak kemin alk en imbarenikchoken manufaa nenyonet ak en environment nenyonet.
Temik ‘ab <strong>TIST</strong> konaam koker ng’alek ‘ab gobalwarming ak climate change. Temik che chang’kokocheng’ konetutik en seminars chebo<strong>TIST</strong> ak en tuyoshek chebo cluster konai che chang’agobo gobal warming(burgeyet nebong’wondut),ole kokowalda ngwandet , ak ole kimuchekeistoito. Raaini kekere wolutik che kikoib climatechange. En koborutyet kou, El Nino floods nekibokenyit ‘ab 1998 nekiwech emet nenyon ak kemeutne kiisubu , ak hurricane nikikim ochei en kenyit 2004kokiibu ngalek ‘ab global warming. Alak che imuchekobor kole kokoet global warming ko istoet ‘abglaciers en mt. kenya,wallet ‘ab weather nebo emet, inoniton kokobos rurutik en minutik enKenya,yamet ‘ab oinoshek ak taboitishek , ak alak chechang’.En newsletter nebo arawaniton keyome kekerkele kakinetishe agobo ngalek ‘ab global warmingak ole kikoorondoi climate nebo emet nyon.Kinomen keororu maana chebo ngalek akkoborutik kwai ak ole toretito ketik guk kobos globalwarming en emet.Globol warming ko ne?Global warming komaanishoni kole teset ‘ab burgeyeten ng’wandet , ne en let koyoe climate en emetkowalak. Yon burgei emet kotese robta en emet,storms che kimen ,teset ‘ab ke en sea level,kokoyomso minutik , ak tuguk alak che kikowechminutik , tyong’ik , ak kimugul met. Yon kangalalkipsomaninik agobo climate change , ko orogenetnywai akobo global warming ko angamun en tugukche yoe kimugul-met ak tuguk che yachen che ibuglobal warming ak wallet ‘ab ole tebto emet.Tesok sei burgeyet en ng’wondut?Wou noton! Kogoyet burgeyet en ng’wondut en1°c en kenyishek 100 che kokobata . Che cheng’ enkipsomanik chebo science en ng’wondut koite koletuguk che yoe bik ko choton che kokotes burgeyeten ng’owondut, kou belet ‘ab fossils cheu coal,mwanik, ak koriswek che kilolen maat , ak tilet ‘abketik ak osnoshek ak ole-kiboishoitoen imbarenikchok.Ne Greenhouse Effect ?Greenhouse effect ko teset ‘ab burgeyet en ngwonyangamun en koriswek che miten en angani, chekiboregreenhouse gases, cheu carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide,sulphur dioxide, ak methane trap energy chebunuasita . tuguk che ibu carbon kou : tilet ‘ab osnshek ,KIPSIGIS VERSIONTemik ab’ <strong>TIST</strong> kokoker ng’alek ab GlobalWarming ak wallet nebo Climate.koriswek chebunu factories ,koriswek chebunukarishek , koriswek chebunu kwenik yon kakibelanan ko makaa ak belset ‘ab osnoshek.Ne hatari chebo global warming?• Tesoksei betet ‘ab bek en emet ak koteseimbarenik che yomyotin .• Tesoksei mionwokik en emet, cheu malaria. Yonkatesta emet koburgeit ,koigu ole menyemosquitoes , aka en let kotes mionwokik chebomalaria . Familia che chang’ ak institutions chechang’ komuche ko affectenak, kora kobosokseikenyishek che kipkosobei, ak kotesakmionwokik en logok .• Boset ‘ab rurutik en komoswek ‘ab tropical aksubtropical countries , sanasana ko enemotinwek che miten en east Africa . angamunen robta ne koktesak ak tyongik che ibumionwikik che kokochang’a, komuche kobosokomitwokik en emet ak en let kotesak panandaak rubetnen families ak kokwotinwek.• Teset ‘ab ke en beishek ‘ab omitwokik .Angoteseta kobosoksei rurutik en imbarenikak kotutukinegitun omitwokik,kotesoksie beit‘ab omitwokik en ngwondut ko mugul.• Wolutik che yechen en productivity akcomposition nebo ecological systems sanasanaen osnoshek . Komoswek che ilibu bek sanasanaosnoshek ak tulonok kotese ta koyomdos .Inoniton kobose bek che katakiboishen enirrigation ak che katokiboishen en dams akreservoirs. Inoniton kobose hydroelectric poweren emet. Industries che choket , sipitalishek akinstitutions alak che boishen sitimet koiguaffected saidi . Bek kora che kiibe ak pipushekkoba townishek ak resob kobosoksei.• Bik Millionishek komiten en hatai nebo floodingak landslides, ne ibu robwek chechang’, en coastalareas, ak teset ‘ab levelit ‘ab sea.Otertoi ona global warming‘?Min ak irib ketik!Kou ye kakemwa en barak yu, carbon dioxide koagenge en koriswek che sababishoni global warming.Ketik kogule carbon dioxide yon yoe photosynthesisak kokonor en tigitik , temenoik ak ng’ung’unyek kocellulose carbon. Lakini yon kakibel ketik koistocarbon ichukaniton koba hewani kora.5
Kiingen ile imuche ketit kochob microclimate?Ketik ak sokekwai kotere ngwony asi’ kokaititit. Koibuuronok . Kora uronok’chuton kotere bek che mitenen ng’weny komala asista. Yon kakaititit ng’wenykotere bek komaistoge en ngweny’. Inonitonkomaanishani kole ketik che miten en koreng’ungkotese bek che miten en ng’ungunyek ,ak kotoretkotagobur bechoton en ngungunyek .KIPSIGIS VERSIONImuche kogul ketik carbon che kerke?Achicha . Ketik che tinye circumference ne’wokoribe carbon chechang’ kosir che tinyecircumference che meng’echen. Ketik che koen korakogule carbon che chang’ kosir chenwogen. Ingunonketik che neyotin koibu robinik che chang’. Nitonkonetech kole yoche kekochini ketik spacing nekararan, asimorebenge omitwogik ak bek kou yonkakimin korubg’e.6Ne carbon credits?En 1997, kokisignen emotinwek alak agreement neboUN nekimwoe kole emotinwek che sirotin enagreement inoton kobose pollution chebo carbonen emotinwek kwai , sanasan ko en greenhouse gaspollution. Agreement initon kokikuren KyotoProtocol.En Kyoto Protocol ko kikoyan emotinwek chekikoik industrialized kobos carbon dioxide chekicheru en emotinwek kwai. Oret neta ko kichercarbon dioxide en atmosphere ak kekonor en ketikanan ko en ngweny’.Ketik koibe carbon dioxide enhewani yon teseta photosynthesis akityo kokonoren tikitik ,. Kiasi chebo carbon chekokicher en hewanikimuche kibiman , ak kityo ,yon kakeverrifyen keleiman , kimuche kealda absorbtion initon ko carboncredits en world market .Olik komuche koal creditsichuton asikobosen carbon dioxide emissions.Kou ingunon, <strong>TIST</strong> komuche koalda carboncredits kou yon aldo factories chogo anan ko sukaruk. Lakini en carbon komokiloe koba pitonin . Beinenyinet kotiyenke carbon chekokicher en hewani ,akityo kekonor en ketik che miten en imbarenik ananko osnoshek ,kokebima. Trading / Adaet ‘ab carboncredits keyoe en New York, Chicago, London, ak citiesalak en ngweny. En markets/ndonyo ichuuton, carbonoffsets ke-ole , traded, ak kealda kokakochang’a enrobinik chechang’.Yoche kiitchin mogutik chemiten en market .Mokimuche ketill ketik anan ko asnoshek , angamunniton ko makararan en emetnyon. Yoche kekonungekechomchin ketik korut en kosorwek chechang ,ogo akoi kenyishek ,30. Yoche kikoiten ororutikche imanit . Yon kagemin ketik , keyoe measurementsak calculations kebiman chang’indab carbon <strong>TIST</strong> enketik ‘ab temik . Ketichuton kong’etu en imbarenikak koten kotagosobtos, iteseta inyoru chepkondok .Temik kong’etu ak logoek, ketichuton . Rabinikchesiche <strong>TIST</strong> en carbon offsets keboishen en ,kasishek cheu training, Quantification, akmanagement.En carbon markets, minet ‘ab ketik komuche koikolekinyorunen robinik angamun gule ak kokonorcarbon che kimuche kebiman , ak kereborten, akakealda en carbon credits. Ketik kora kokonunmaanachebo environment ,ak bogoinik ak kerichek.Ano anan ngo’ olik ‘ab carbon credits?En inguni , carbon credits keoldo en voluntarymarkets ak en compliance markets. Kimuchekecertifyen en oratinwek cheterter , Ichochukoexambles chebo carbon markets ak offsets:1) Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) cheboClean Development Mechanism (CDM)korepresenteni market nekikichob en KyotoProtocol. Carbon credits ichuton koyochekeverifiyen ak ke-certifiyen en CDM processasikoboishen emotinwek che industrializedchekikochob GhG reductions commitments enKyoto Protocol asikotoret cheek comply akookaasyinet . Inoniton ko compliyance nebomarkets. Verification ak Certification koyoeindependent Designated Operational Entities(DOEs) ak koapproven Executive Board neboCDM. En.iguni komoboishe ak <strong>TIST</strong> ak forestry.2) Market age nemokinge keverifien emissionreductions ko non-Kyoto compliance markets.En US, nemo agenge en Kyoto, en states alakkomogchinge GhG reductions. Australia korakomogchinge requirements ichuton. Marketsichuton kotinye kamuget newoo, lakinikomayatat en <strong>TIST</strong>.3) Voluntary markets ko ole kikoldaen <strong>TIST</strong> offsetschebo ketik chemine temik ‘ab <strong>TIST</strong>. Olik ‘abvoluntary market komiten mara mbili . Neta komarket ne kiten netinye bik che konuge kogonrabinik asikoendelesan minset ‘ab ketik . Kouipanaet ab projects chebo minset ‘ab ketikwedding anan ko conference carbon neutral.Olik ‘ab voluntary market chebo oeng’ kotinyepotential market newon nitinye compunishekchemiten US ak non-Kyoto industrial countrieschechobe voluntary commitments kobos GhGemissions chechwaget. Angamun chome emetanan ko angamun chobching’e mogotik chebobesho chebo emet .Miten standards chechang’ cheterterchin en marketiniton che tinye magutik cheteterchin ak rules chwaloksei kila agobo minet ‘ab ketik, rebet nywai ,akole kireportento che yoe offsets koaldaak . En inguni, kandoik oeng’ che kikeverifyen en <strong>TIST</strong> ko VerifiedCarbon Standard ak the Climate, Community, andBiodiversity Alliance Standards.
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