Niskodozni protokol CT urografije u obradi bolesnika s ...

SADRŽAJ1. POPIS OZNAKA I KRATICA.......................................................................................62. UVOD................................................................................................................................71. Tehnika izvođenja CTU......................................................................................81. Pozicioniranje pacijenta...........................................................................92. Primjena kontrastnog sredstva.................................................................93. Parametri akvizicije tijekom CTU.........................................................104. Rekonstrukcijski parametri tijekom CTU.............................................115. Naknadna obrada slike..........................................................................116. Hibridna tehnika....................................................................................127. Kompresijska CTU...............................................................................128. Hidracija tijekom CTU.........................................................................132. Broj i značaj pojedinih faza tijekom CTU.....................................................143. Pokusne snimke...............................................................................................154. Dodatni manevri za poboljšanje distenzije mokraćnog sustava.................165. MR urografija..................................................................................................176. Hematurija......................................................................................................201. Makrohematurija..................................................................................212. Mikrohematurija...................................................................................217. Tumori bubrega i urotrakta...........................................................................221. Karcinom prijelaznog epitela...............................................................222. Karcinom mokraćnog mjehura............................................................273. Karcinom bubrega...............................................................................334. Policistični bubrezi..............................................................................385. Ciste bubrega.......................................................................................398. Upalne bolesti bubrega...................................................................................401. Akutni pijelonefritis............................................................................402. Tuberkuloza.........................................................................................419. Papilarna nekroza bubrega...........................................................................4210. Nefrolitijaza....................................................................................................433. HIPOTEZE I CILJEVI ISTRAŽIVANJA...............................................................464. BOLESNICI I METODE...........................................................................................475. REZULTATI..............................................................................................................556. RASPRAVA................................................................................................................717. ZAKLJUČCI..............................................................................................................828. SAŽETAK...................................................................................................................834