rozvojová pomoc a spolupráca - Fakulta medzinárodných vzťahov

the most important way, how to fulfil the efforts. In practice, there are severaltheoretical approaches to the concept of development, offering variousleitmotivs with respect to the role of particular actors. Naturally, it is notpossible to set the best theory or theoretical approach, having all of them theirpros and cons. The sense of the theories lies especially in their ability to supportdecision-making processes and to positively influence thinking of individuals.Discussion on ODA clearly shows positive features relatedto the possibilities to trigger development in poor countries. However, there areseries of critics’ arguments that some aspects of ODA are served as the tools forincreasing dependency of developing countries. 52 And in this regard, we areback in theoretical discussion, whether to prefer neoliberal, Keynesian orinstitutional approaches. ODA will always be connected with threats related tobureaucratic misuse and corruption due to strong position of public sector.Based on the problems, related to ODA, it would seem that migrants’remittances as a private source of income represent an interesting possibilityfor a better future of developing countries. Similarly, remittances maysubstantially contribute to alleviate the degree of poverty in developingcountries. But it is not possible to perceive remittances as a panaceafor development of developing countries. In scholar literature, remittances areoften indicated as a possible substitute for ODA. 53 However, this issue is not sostraightforward. Based on comparison of low and middle-income countries,Ghosh contends that remittances are not to be perceived as a substitute for ODAand warns from following such an approach. 54 On the contrary, ODA isextremely important especially for the least developed countries. Moreover, hestresses different essence of remittances and ODA, with private decisions asa main trigger in the former and transaction negotiations using economic,humanitarian, political or security considerations in the latter case. According toour opinion, these findings show that combination of different tools, as well astheoretical approaches, seems to be the best solution of the problem“development”.52 LENSINK, R., WHITE, H. Are there negative returns to aid? Journal of DevelopmentStudies, 2001, vol. 37, no. 6, pp. 42 - 65. , (see e.g. LENSINK, WHITE 2001, TIRI. Post-WarReconstruction Aid Risks Fuelling More Conflict. [online]. Tiri media release, London,January 16, 2007. [cit. 2007-01-31]. Available from http://www.tiri.org.53 GHOSH, B. Migrants’ remittances and development. Myths, rhetoric and realities. Geneva:IOM, 2006, 118 pp.54 Ibid.45