rozvojová pomoc a spolupráca - Fakulta medzinárodných vzťahov

3 Poverty, Official Development Assistance,Migration Remittances and Development - aContribution to the Intricate NexusOver the last century, Western conceptions of the world and history havebeen largely characterised by notions of progress, evolution, and development.Originally, the emphasis was laid on progress and evolution, however, since theSecond World War development has become the term, most widely used 27 assomething unambiguously desired. Thus, it is not surprising that in the scholarliterature, an enormous attention has been given to the concept of development.The interest mirrors itself in the large set of theories aspiring to explain theintricate nature of development. Of course, the aim of this chapter is not toprovide an exhaustive listing of the theories, but, based especially on a review inDaněk 28 , to highlight the most relevant aspects, forming the conceptof development after the Second World War, when development studies asan interdisciplinary scientific domain began to emerge. Further, the paper dealswith poverty as one of the most important features of underdevelopment(chapter 3.1). Finally, relations between development and official developmentaid (chapter 3.2) and development and remittances (chapter 3.3) as possibletools to alleviate poverty are discussed. Note that all three issues belong to themost relevant topics in the current debate on development.The first development paradigm, briefly after Second World War, wasconnected with the economic growth theory. Easy said, the theory claims, thatdevelopment of poor colonial/postcolonial countries should follow pathsof the developed world, from traditional society to mass consumption. However,according to the theory, this aim is not possible to be achieved through27 MARTINUSSEN, J. Society, State and Market. A guide to competing theories ofdevelopment. Halifax: Fernwood Publishing, 2003.28 DANĚK, P. Nerovnoměrný rozvoj světa: kolonialismus, neokolonialismus a diskurzrozvoje. In: Stát, prostor, politika – vybrané otázky politické geografie. Praha: UniverzitaKarlova v Praze, 2000, pp. 28 - 58.26