ucwaningo olunzulu ngenqina nokucebisa kwayo ulimi lwesizulu

UCWANINGO OLUNZULU NGENQINANOKUCEBISA KWAYO ULIMILWESIZULUngu-VUSUMUZI ALFRED ZULUUmsebenzi owethulwa ngenjongo yokufeza izidingo zeziquze-:MASTER OF ARTSEMnyangweni Wezilimi zaboMdabueNyunivesithi yakwa ZuluUmelulekiIndawoUsuku :uSolwazi Z.L.M. KhumaloDurban - UmlaziuMasingana 2001

(i)ISIFUNGONgiyafunga ngiyagomela ukuthi:UCWANINGO OLUNZULU NGENQINANOKUCEBISA KWAYO ULIMI LWESIZULUngumsebenzi ongowami ngombono nangenkambiso yokuwuhlelanokuwudidiyela.Ngiyaqinisa futhi ukuthi yonke imithombo yolwazi ecashuniwe~~~nziswa ivezwe yakhonjiswa ngokuphelele.......•.....•••................•.•..ZULU V.A.

(ii)ISETHULOLo msebenzi ngiwethuIa ngentobeko nangokutusa ensizwenikaMnumzane ozihlabaneJayoAbanye besaba ukuhlatshwa emkbabeni,Umakhathakhatha ngawamuthi muni,Ibhaxa abakhwela ngaJ' abaseNhlambamasoka,UNondela mzimba awunike uMandlakazi,Ukhokho uMakhakakhuIu,UsiblahIa somdlebe ngesomziIanyoniInyoni eyohIala kuso iyogoqan' amaphiko,UNgaqa kabanjw' ezihlangwini zamadoda,Ungnqunguqu mbokodwe yeliny' itsheAbagaye bayiblanekezela abafazi namadoda,Usizenze saphuma sodwa endlini kokaMakhedamaSaphuma sadlamakhand' amadoda,ngokokhela ubhaqa Iwemfundo endlini yako kaQanu.NGASITHA!

(iii)AWOKUNCONCOZANgizwakalisa ukunconcoza okungenamkhawulo kulaba abalandelayo ngeqhazaabalibambile ekuphumeleliseni 10 msebenzi.USolwazi Z.L.M. Khumalo, umeluleki wami, ngokungakha okungenamkhawulo.Ngitusa isineke sakhe ekungicijeni ekucwaningeni izinto ngehlo elijulile.Ukwanda kwaliwa ngabasokoci!Wena weJub' elacosha kuqalaAmany' engakacoshi!Wena kaMajuban' amabiliE10kuya nelokubuya!Umenjalo wena kaMbuzi zizeleKodwa zibe zingenampongo!MNTUNGWA!Abazali abangizalayo uMntwana uRM. noNdlunkulu uMamzile (uMaMsimango).Umntwana l\L eDlomodlomo ngokungichushisa kokuningi maqondana namasikoeSintu. Mageba! S'Thu!i!UNkosazana S.M. D1amini ngesinwe asikhombise ekulobeni 10 msebenzi ngendlelaefanele.

(iv)OKUQUKETHWEISAHLUKO SOKUQALA1.0 ISETHULO SOCW~~INGO 11.1 Isethulo 11.2 Izinhloso zocwaningo 21.3 Inkuthazo yocwaningo 21.4 Imidiyo wocwaningo 31.5 Indle1a yokuqhuba ucwaningo 3ISAHLUKO SESIBILI2.02.12.22.32.3.12.3.1.12.3.1.22.3.1.32.3.1.42.3.1.52.3.22.3.2.12.3.2223.2.32.3.32.4? - _.)INCAZELO NGENQINAIsethulolyini inqina?Ukubaluleka kwezinyamazane eSintwiniNgokwezokwelaphaUchakideInkonkoniInyathiInsingiziImpisiNgokwemvunuloInsimbaIngweIgwalagwalaNgokuya ngasethunjiniUkumenywa kwenqinaIsikhathi sokuphuma inqina44566667788899101113

(v)2.5.12.5.22.5.2.12.5.2.22.5.2.32.5.2.42.5.32.62.72.7.12.7.22.82.8.12.8.22.8.3NgokonyakaNgokwenyangaUmbasoUNblangula(na)UNblabaUNtulikaziNgokosukulzigubho zenqinalzikhali zokuzingelaEzasemanduloEzanamuhlaUkuzingelwa kwezinyamazaneIsambaneIndlovuInyathi13141415IS16161618181920202121ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 IZINHLOBO ZENQINA 233.1 Isethulo 233.2 Inqina yesigodi 243.2.1 Inqina yesigodi yokuxosha izimpisi 253.2.2 Inqina yesigodi yokuxosha izirnfene 283.3 Inqina yakomkhulu 303.4 Inqina yomkhosi wokweshwama 373.5 Inqina mbumbulu 463.6 Ukhukhulelangoqo 493.7 Inqina yehlambo 50

(vi)ISAHLUKO SESINE4.04.14.24.2.14.2.24.2.34.2.3.14.2.3.24.3.3.34.2.3.44.34.3.14.3.1.14.3.1.24.3.1.34.3.1.44.3.1.54.3.1.64.3.1.74.3.1.84.3.1.9AMALUNGISELELO ENQINAIsethuloUkuphingisaUkuphingisaUkukhuliswa kwemidlwaneUkucbithwa kwezinjaImpisiInseleInsimbaUmuviAmalungise1e1o amafishaneUkugaywa kotshwalaUkubaluleka kotshwala emicimbini yeSintuUkucwilisaUkugqakaza nokubukezaUkufudumezelaUkuphekaUkuvubelaUkukhanywa kotshwalaIzikhali zokuzinge1aIzikhungo zokuzingela535354545758596060616161616364646566676869ISAHLUKO SESIHLA1"'U5.05.15.25.3INQUBO YOKUZINGELAIsethuloUkuthethwa kwenqinaUbumdlalo benqina71717276

(vii)5.3.15.3.25.3.35.3.45.45.4.15.4.25.4.35.4.4NgokwezinjaNgokwezinyamazaneN gokwamaphisiNgokubongela ichalahahnikhutshana eqondene bokuzingela kwenqinaUkuxwayisanaUkuthokozaUkuhlomulelanaUkuxazululwa kwemibango767881828383858687ISAHLUKO SESITHUPHA6.0 UMTHELELA WOLWAZI LWEMVELO OLIMINILWESIZULU 896.16.26.36.3.16.3.26.3.36.3.46.3.56.3.66.3.76.3.86.3.96.3.106.3.116.3.126.46.4.16.4.2IsethuloUlimi lwabazingeliAmagama enhloniphoUchakideInsimbaIngulubeUxamuInkawuImfeneIsikhovaIngududuIndlovuInqeImvubuIngwenyaIzagaEziphathelene nenkaniEzexwayisa ngengozi899091919191919292939393939394949597

(viii)6.4.36.4.46.4.56.4.66.56.66.7Ezimaqondana nokwenza izinto ngobuhlakaniEzikhuthaza ukuzibambela mathuphaEziphathelene nokuthandabuzaEzikhuthaza umuntu u.1ruba afune izelulekoKwabanyeIzishoIzigubho zenqinaIziqubulo99101103105106108109ISAHLUKO SESIKHOMBISA7.0 ISIHLAZIYO,IZINCOMO NESIPHETHO 1117.1 Ukuhlaziywa kocwaningo III7.2 Izincomo zocwaningo 1217.3 UkusongajikeIele 1228 IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI 125

ISAHLUKO SOKUQALA1.0 ISETHULO SOCWANINGO1.1 ISETHULOUMvelinqangi udabule oblangeni izinhlanga zabantu ezablukablukene. Inbloso yikubazihlobise urnhlaba wakhe.Izinblanga lezi zinikwe ilungelo lokuphila ngemvelo futhi zibusephezu kwayo.Lezi zinh1anga zikleziswe ngamasiko anblobonblobo okumele ziphilengawo. UZulu omnyama ondlela zimhlophe ungolunye lwalezi nblanga. Ukuzingelaizinyamazane kusemithanjeni yegazi lesizwe sikaPhunga noMageba.Lokhu kudalwayikwambulelwa kwaso ubuqiniso bokuthi kumele siphile ngemvelo ngoba naso siyimvelo.Ukubaluleka kokuzingela esizweni samaZulu kucaca bha kuble kombaJa womvemve laphokugcinwa amasiko athize. Kuphuma inqina iyojikijela lapho kuhlanjululwa inbloko yesizwenoma umnurnzane.Emkhosini wakoMkhulu lapho inkosi izonyathela uselwa, ibutholiphuma inqina.Inqina ingumdlalo ngoba amaphisi akhiphelana ubuchwepheshe bokubazinkombi ekublabeni izinyamazane.

1.2 IZINHLOSO ZOCWANINGOUcwaningo luhlose ukucacisa ubumqoka besiko lokuzingela kubantu abansundu.Luhloseukucacisa kabanzi ngezinhlobo zenqina ezikbona kanye nezinhloso zazo. Luhloseukukhanyisa kabanzi ngobumqoka bemvelo empilweni yeSintu.Luhlose ukucacisa bhaindlela abazingeli abaziphatha ngayo lapho bephume inqina.Lubabele ukuphonsa itsheesivivaneni sokugcinwa kwarnasiko oMdabu ahIaselwa yimbovane ephokopheleukuwabhuqa nya Ukufaka ugqozi emphakathini ukuba uzigcine kahle izintoezingamagugu esizwe.Ukukhanyisa kabanzi ngeqhaza elibanjwe yinqina namaphisiekuthuthukisweni kolirni lwesiZulu.1.3 INKUTHAZO YOCWA..~INGOUcwaningo lukhuthazwe ukubona ingxenye enkulu yabantu besizwe sarnaZulu iphelelwaluthando lwarnasi.1co eSintu.Kufikiselana inkuthazo ukubona ukwanda kwenani labantuabangarnaZulu kodwa abangaziqondi izinto eziyinsika yosikompilo lwesizwe.Lukhuthazwe ngukubona abantu bebhuqabhuqa imvelo ngenhloso yokuzakhela imali.Lukhuthazwe ukubona isidingo sokuphosela inselelo imikhakha eyahlukene yempilongenhloso yokwazisa nokugcina imvelo nobuhle bezwekazi lethu i-Afiika ukuzenezizukulwane ezizayo zibubone zibugcine nazo.2

1.4 IMIDIYO YOCWANINGOUcwaningo luzogxila emaiungiselelweni enqma. Luzophinde lubheke ukumenywakwenqina kanye nezikhaii ezisetshenziswayo lapho kuzingelwa.Luzobheka kabanziizinhlobo zenqina ezilandeiayo: Inqinambumbulu; inqina yakomkhulu; inqina yesigodi;inqina yomkhosi wokunyathela uselwa; inqina kakhukhulelangoqo nenqina yehlambo.Isikhathi sokuphuma inqina sizobhekwa kabanzi.Luzophinde luthinte izigubho zenqina.Luzogxila kanzulu kwinqubo elandelwayo enqineni. Luzogxila kabanzizokukhuluma eziqambeke ngenxa yempilo yobuphisi eyayiphilwa ngokhokho.. .eZlIllweru1.5 INDLELA YOKDQHUBA DewANINGOKuzohanjeiwa imitapo yezincwadi ngenhloso YOkuthola uvo lwabalobi abahlukahlukenemaqondana nenqina.Kuyophinde kuhanjelwe izikhungo zokugcina amagugu esizwe.Kuzohlanganiswa amakhanda nezindalabantu kanye nezinzaiabantu ukuze kufumanekeyonke ingonyuluka ngenqina.Kuzohanjelwa amaphisi, abadidiyeli bayo inqina kusukaphezulu emakhosini, abaNtwana, nezinduna ngenhloso yokufumana injula ngenqina.Kuzohanjeiwa kwazona uqobo izinqina ezahlukene ngenhloso yokuzibonela okwenzekayo.3

ISAHLUKO SESIBILI2.0 INCAZELO NGENQINA2.1 ISETHULOLesi sahluko sibheka kanzulu ukubaluleka kwengcebo yemvelo eSintwini.Izinyamazanezimqoka empilweni yomuntu.Kuphawuleka ukuthi ingane ishunqiselwa ngezinyamazaneemva kokufika kwayo emhlabeni.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuba iqine ingahaqwa kalulayimimoya emibi. Abagulayo nabo bashunqiselwa ngazo ukuze basinde ezifweniezibaphethe.lsahluko siphinde sibheke ukuhlomula kwabantu emkhakheni wemvunulonangokuya ngasethunjini.Inqina ichazwa kabanzi maqondana nokumenywa kwayo.bezwe ikakhulukazi amakhosi nalo libhekwa kabanzi.Iqhaza elibanjwa ngabaphathiLokhu kwenzelwa ukuqedaungabazane olukhona kwabanye abantu maqondana nokuzinikela kwamakhosi ekongeniingcebo yemvelo. Empilweni konke kunesikhathi sakho. Inqina ikhishwa ngesikhathi sayoesifanele ukuze imvelo ingaphazamiseki.lsahluko siphinde sibheke izigubho ezigubhwa abazingeli ngosuku lwenqina.Izikhathizokuzingela nazo zibhekwa kabanzi. lsahluko siphinde sibheke kabanzi izindlelaokuzinge1wa ngazo izinyamazane ezithile.

2.2 IYINI INQINA?Ukuzingela izinyamazane kuyingxenye yosikompilo Iwabantu boMdabu e-AfrikaUkuzingela kwehlukana kabili. Kukhona umhIwayo kuphinde kubekhona inqina.Umhlwayo luhlobo lokuzingela kwabantu bernizi embalwa eyakhe ndawonye.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi umhlwayo ukhonzwe ngabafana bezinkorno. Abafanabahlwaya ngenkathi belusile. Kuyenzeka futhi abafana bahlwaye ebusika. Bahlwayaizinyoni, izimpunzi, amaphithi, amabuzi nezinye izinyamazane ezincane.Inqina ngarnadoda amaningi ahIangene ndawonye ngenhloso yokuzingela izinyamazane.Amadoda ahIorna ngezikhali aphelele ngoba ukuya kwawo ekuzingeleni kufana nokuphurnaIffipCInqina phela yimpi yokuzingela nokubuJalaizinyamazane.(Msimang, 1975: 105).Ukubizwa kwenqina ngernpi kukhornbisa ukuthi abazingeli basuke bezolwa nezinyamazaneabazizingelayo.Ehlathini kukhona izinyarnazane eziyizilwi sidalo. Zalela ukurnbona njeumuntu zirnphose.Kuvela ukuthi inqina ingumkhankaso warnadoda ngenhloso yokuhlabaizinyarnazane ukuze kufezwe izidingo zernpilo. Inqina inhloboningi. Izinhlobo zayozidingidwa kabanzi esahlukweni sesithathu. Inqina iphuma ngezizathu ezithile.Iziphathirnandla zendawo yizona ezikhipa irnvurne egunyaza abazingeli ukuba baphurnemqma.5

UMdali udale abantu wabehlukukanisela imisebenzi okumele bayenze. Ukuzingelangumsebenzi wamadoda ngoba kudinga amandla nokushesha.nemizimba eqatha kanti futhi anejubane elidingekayo ekuzingeleni.Amadoda akhiwe abaKuphawuleka ukuthiisimame asiyiphumi inqina.2.3 UKUBALULEKA KWEZINYAMAZA.1\ffi ESINTWINI2.3.1 Ngokwezokwelapba2.3.1. UchakideUchakide yinyamazane encane. Okukhulu ngochakide ukuhlakanipha. Abathaki bemithibawuthaka ezinyamazaneni zokushunqisela izingane ezisanda kuzalwa. Kusetshenziswaamafutha nesikhumba kuxutshwe nezinye izinyamazane.Ingane ishunqiselwa ngochakideyikhona izohlakanipha njengawo. Kuvela ukuthi uma umuntu engasile ekhanda kuthathekangokuthi kaziphelelanga izinyamazane, kwasala uchakide.2.3.1.2 InkonkoniInkonkoni ymyamazane enkulu. Amathambo ayo athakwa ezinsizini zokwelaphaimibhulelo Le nyamazane inamakhala abukhali kanti futhi inodlebe Ikwazi ukuhogela6

iphunga, izwe isitha sisekude. Kuphawuleka ukuthi ishoba layo kaliconsi phansiezangomeni. lshoba lenkonkoni yimvunulo emqoka yesangoma.Ulwazi Iwemvelo Iwambula ukuthi inkonkoni izwa ngeshoba uma kukhona ingozieyikhokhobelayo. lzangoma ziliphatha ngenhloso yokuba zikhanyiseleke kulokhookufihlekile. Kuqapheleka ukuthi isangoma siqala siziphunge ngalo anduba sibhule.Ngamafuphi sisuke sizinika amandla okukwazi ukubona okukhathaza abazobhula.2.3.1.3 InyathiInyathi ymyamazane enamandla futhi inolaka. Kuvela ukuthi uphondo lwayolusetshenziswa ekuthakeni insizi yokwelapha umeqo.Inyongo yayo iphuma phambilikubaphathi bamakhambi.Inyongo ithakwa neminye imikhando ukuze kuphume umuthiwokuqinisa amakhosi. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi inyongo isetshenziswa ekuthakeniumuthi wephika. Ukuthakwa kwayo emthini wephika kusukela ekutheni inyathikayikhathali lapho igijima2.3.1.4 InsingiziInsingizi yinyoni yezulu. Izitho zayo zithaka umuthi omkhulu wokubethelela izulu. Izithoezithakwayo amafutha, izimpaphe namathambo. Lezi zitho zithakwa nezihlahlaezingashaywa ngumphezulu:7

...Zithakwa neminye imikhando enjengamakhubaloakhendlwe ezihlahleni ezingashaywa ngumphezuluezinjengomnqandane, osibinda, omphafa nomvumvu.(Gcumisa noNtombela, 1993:101).Lokhu kuqinisa ukuthi, ukubetheIwa komuzi ngomkhando othakwe ngensingizi nezihIahlaezingashaywa yizulu kuwenza usawote. Umuzi uyaqina, izulu lingadlaleli kuwo.2.3.1.5 ImpisiImpisi iyinyamazane enamandla kwezingangayo. Isikhumba sayo kasiconsi phansiemaphisini. Isikhumba sithakwa nezinye izinyamazane ukuze kuphume umchithisowokuchithisa izinja.Amathambo ayo athakwa nezinsizi ezithiIe ukuze kuphume izintelezieziqinisa imizi.Imizi iqiniswa ngenhIoso yokuvimba imithi yabathakathi ingabi namandlaokudala umonakalo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indle yempisi ithaka isiphungo esilwanokukhumuzeka kwamazinyo ezinganeni. Indle yayo inesakhamathambo esithola ngokuchabaamathambo ezinyamazane ezidlayo. Iphinde futhi yenze umkhumiso osetshenziswangabesimame abazithwele. Lokhu kusiza ekuqiniseni amathambo abakuthwele.2.3.2 NgokwemvuDulo2.3.2.1 InsimbaInsimba yinyamazane encane kodwa engaconsi phansi kubantu abavunula ngemvunuloyeSinntu. Abantu bayikhonzele isikhumba sayo esihIe. Isikhumba siqopha izinene,imiqhe1e, izinjobo, izitobo nezindidlaKuvela ukuthi imvunulo yomuntu isuke ingaphelele8

uma ingekho eqoshwe ngesikhumba sensimba. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi insimba ivunulaabesilisa nabesifazane. Abesifazane bavunula ngayo ngezikhathi ezithile:Intombi echanguzayo mhla komgcagco ivunulangezikhumba zayo ngaphambili nangemuvakwesingenbla. Zivame ukuba ngazimbili nomangantathu nhIangothi zombili izikhumba lezi.(Gcwnisa noNtombela., 1993:75).2.3.2.2 IngweIngwe yinyamazane enhIe cishe ukuzedlula zonke izinyamazane ezisesigabeni sayo. Ubuhlebayo busesikhunjeni. Isikhumba sayo sakha imvunulo yamakhosi, abaNtwananeziphakanyiswa.Isikhumba sayo siqopha amambatho, imiqhele, ubukopolo, izindidlanenugaxo. Amazipho engwe enza imvunulo yasentanyeni. Kuvela ukuthi kusadliwangoludaIa kwaZulu, ingwe ibihloba abasebukhosini kuphela. Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukubakubelula ukubabona uma bephakathi kwabantu phaqa.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ingweivunula abesilisa kuphela.Owesifazane kuyenzeka avunule ngayo mhla echanguza.Uvunula ngamambatho ayo kuphela2.3.2.3 IgwalagwalaIgwala",owala yinyoni edume ngobuhle bezimpaphe Kusadliwa ngoludala kwaZulubelingaconsi phansi emakhosini naJrubanurnzane abaqavile emphakathini.Amakhosi akwa-Zulu ayehloba ngezimpaphe zalo ekhanda. Kuvela ukuthi inkosi uShaka kuphela9

eyayingahlobi ngalo. Kugqarna ukuthi yayibloba ngezimpaphe zendwa. Izimpaphezegwalagwala zalenza lazibeka ingqotba ezinye izinyoni ngobuhle nangodumo:...Ubuhle bombala wayo nesithunzi sezimpaphezayo ikakhulukazi ezibomvu ezisemaphikweniokwayenza yaduma kangaka.(Gcumisa noNtombela, 1993:86).Kuvela ukuthi kusukela emandulo kuze kube namuhla, eSwazini igwalagwala, lisathathwangokuthi lihloba abasebukhosini kuphela.This is the royal bird ofSwazi]and and Hismajesty and members ofthe royal family wearthe red wing feathers in their hair.(Schwager, 1980:49).Ukuhloba komndeni wasebukhosini ngegwalagwala kuwenza wehluke kubantu pbaqa.Ngamafuphi, umndeni usuke ungaphelele emvunulweni uma ungahlobile ngegwalagwala.2.3.3 Ngokuya ngasethunjiniUZulu uthe edabuka wabe ekuqonda kamhlophe ukuthi ehlathini kukhona izinyamazaneezinhlobonhlobo. Ulwazi Iwemvel0 lumenze wakuqondisisa ukuthi yizona ziphiizinyamazane ezimele ukudliwa UZulu uyakuqonda futhi ukuthi inyarna ibalulekileernzimbeni womuntu.Kuvela ukuthi inyama inezinhlayiya ezithile ezisiza ekwakheniurnzimba uqine. Lokhu kubeka inyarna eqophelweni lokuba likhambi elirnqoka ekuvirnbeniizifo zingahlaseli umzimba womuntu.UZulu uyazizinge1a izinyamazane ezithile ukuzeathole inyarna azoyidlaKuqapheleka ukuthi iningi lezinyamazane ezikhona ehlathiniliyadliwa.10

2.4 UKUMENYWA KWENQINAInqina imenywa ngumuntu ongumholi endaweni ayakhele. Kungaba yinkosi yesizwe nomainduna yesigodi. Amakhosi neziphakanyiswa avame ukumema inqina enkulu:Big communal hunts are often organisedby chiefs and headmen.(Schapera, 1937: 141).Lokhu kuveza ukuthi ababusi bezwe kuphela abanamandla okukhomba indlela okumeleimvelo isetshenziswe ngayo.Ngamanye amazwi, ukongiwa kwemvelo kungumthwalowamakhosi.Kuvela ukuthi inkosi uShaka yabamba iqhaza elibonakalayo ekongiwenikwemvelo:Ngokomlando, inkosi uShaka yiyona eyaqalaukonga imvelo ikakhulukazi eNatali ngaphambilikakhulu kweminyaka yawo - 1824okwafinyelela ngayo abelungu abafana no Fynnkuleli lenkaba.(Gcurnisa noNtombela, 1993:3).Amazwi kaGcurnisa noNtombela a1iqiniso.Kuvela ukuthi ubuqiniso bawo buphoselwainselelo ngabelungu. Abelungu baqinisa ukuthi inkosi uShaka yaziqeda izindlovu.Umlando wakwazulu uyaku,uma ukuthi inkosi uShaka yayikukhonzile ukuzingelaizindlovu.Kuphawuleka ukuthi yize inkosi yayizizingela izindlo,u kodwa ukuzingelakwayo kakuyiphazarnisanga ingcebo yemvelo.Ingcebo yemvelo iphazarniseke ukufikakwabelungu:Despite the hea,y hunting ofthe elephant andother game by the Zulu people, it was only afterthe arrival ofwhite settlers that wild animal11

numbers dwindled to pitiful remnants. Shakaunderstood the economic importance ofwildlife long in advance ofthe whites who settledin Natal and who eventually smashed the Zulukingdom.(pooley noPlayer, 1995: 12).Lokhu kwambula ubuqiniso bokuthi inkosi uShaka yayikuqonda kamhlophe ukubalulekakwengcebo yemvelo esizweni sayo. Yayazi ukuthi kusemahlombe aye ukuqinisekisa ukuthiimvelo kayishabalali.Lapho kubhekisiswa ubuphicothi bokumema inqina, kuhlaluka ukuthi ngale kwamakhosineziphakanyiswa, abanurnzane abaqavile esigodini bayayimema inqina:Any umnurnzane was free to call a public huntwhenever he would.(Bryant, 1949:682)Lokhu kugqamisa ukuthi inqina ingumcimbi ohlelwa ngabantu abagqamile emphakathini.Umcimbi ohle1wa ngumuntu ogqamile uba nesasasa kubantu.Ukwazisa umphakathi ngenqina ngumsebenzi ophathwa ngenhlonipho efane1eUmthongaukhipha isithunywa ukuba siphalale umkhosi phakathi kwesigodi kumbe isizwe:A messenger would enter a kraal, go strait intoits cattle fold and there cry loudlyMe!, iNqina kusasa; iyokuhlangana ekuthinithini.(Bryant, 1949:683).Isibaya siqokwa ngoba silithempeli lekhaya.Isithunywa singena kuso ukuqinisekisa ukuthiabaphansi bomuzi nabo bayawuthola umbiko ngokuzokwenziwa ngabaphezulu.12

Kuvela ukuthi isithunywa sibhinca amahlamvu omsenge lapho siphalala umkhosi wenqina.Noma ngubani osibona sibhince umsenge uyaqonda ukuthi siphalala umkhosi wenqina.Kuyavela futhi ukuthi isithunywa asikhuIwni nomuntu esihlangana naye uma sisaphalalaumkhosi wenqina. Kwesatshelwa ukuthi izinhlanhia zaso zokuhlaba izinyamazaneziyashabalala. Ngelijulile kakukho zinhlanhla zesithunywa ezishabalalayo. Lokhukungakhulumi namumtu kwesithunywa kwakwenzelwa ukuba singalibali yizindabaendJeleni.Kuphawuleka ukuthi namuhla inqina kayisamenywa njengasendulo.Namuhla kakukhosithunywa esihamba singena umuzi ngomuzi siphalala umkhosi wenqma. Abantubedluliselana bodwa umbiko ezindaweni abahlangana kuzo njengasemadiphini nasematshwaleni.2.5 ISIKHATHI SOIWPHUMA INQINA2.5.1 NgokonyakaUkuqikelela ukuthi imvelo kayishabalali kubekwa phambili kwaZulu.Lokhu kwenziwangumuzwa nevuso lokucabangela izizukuIwane ezizayo ukuze nazo zibubone ubuhle bayo.Kuvela ukuthi izinyamazane zizingelwa ebusika kuphela hhayi ehlobo.Lokhu kudalwayikuthi imvamisa iningi lezinyamazane lizala ehlobo.Ukuzingela ehlobo kungaholela13

ekutheni kufe izixhumo zezmyamazane. Ukufa kwezixhumo kungasho ukunciphakwezinyamazane ngoba zingasazalani zikhule kahle.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi esinye isizathu esenza kuzingelwe ebusika yikuthi isimo sezulusisuke sibanda.Isimo sezulu esirnakhaza sisiza ekutheni inyama ingasheshi ibe nobomi.Ngamafuphi-nje ihlala isikhathi eside ingonakele. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi ubusika bukhonzwengenxa yokuthi urneno usuke uwohlokile. Ukuwohloka komeno kwenza kubelulakurnaphisi ukugijima ernahlathini. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ebusika imisebenzieyenziwa ngamadoda isuke ingaserniningi.Lokhu kuwabeka esimweni sokuba nesikhathiesiningi engenzi lutho. Kakukuhle ukuba urnuntu ahlale angenzi lutho ngoba ugcina esenzaizinto eziphambene nenhlalo yomphakathi. Yingakho-nje lesi sikhathi esichithangokuzingela izinyamazane.2.5.2 NgokwenyangaKuphawuleka ukuthi kakulula ukulirnisa ngesihloko elokuthi Y1yona yiphi inyangayokuphurna inqina. Lokhu kudalwa yikuthi ubusika buphethwe yizinyanga ezme.Izinyanga zobusika yilezi: rn"fbaso; uNhlangula(na); uNhlaba noNtulikazi2.5.2.1 uMbasoLena yinyanga yokuqala yobusika.Ukubanda kwasebusika kuqala ngesikhathi sayoIbizwa ngombaso ngoba abantu basuke bengasehlukani nokotha umbaso.Lokhu kudalwal~

yikuthi imizimba yabo isuke isethuka isimo sezulu esibandayo.Kuvela ukuthi isenzosabantu sokukhonza ukotha umlilo kakhulu ngesikhathi sayo kwaholela ekutheni ibizwengokuthi uMbaso.2.5.2.2 uNhlangula(na)Lena yinyanga yesibili yobusika. Okuphawulekayo ngesikhathi sayo yikuthi iningi lezihlahlaliwohloza amacembe. Amacembe awohlozwa ukubanda komoya. Ukuwohlokakwamacembe kuthatheka ngokuthi izihIahla ziyazihlangula.Ymgakho-nje ekugcineniokhokho bayetha ngokuthi uNhlangula(na).2.5.2.3 uNhlahaLena yinyanga yesithathu yobusika. Kuvela ukuthi iyinyanga emaphakathi nobusika. Lenyanga iqondana nesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwenhlaba.Ukuqhakaza kwenhlaba ngalesisikhathi sonyaka kuholela ekutheni inyanga ibizwe ngokuthi u~'bIaba.Inhlaba uhloboIwesitshalo esande kakhulu emahlanzeniAmacembe aye akhipha ujengezi olubabayoInamacembe amade futhi anameva emaceleni.Lapho iqhakaza, iqhakaza imbali ebomvu.15

2.5.2.4 uNtulikaziLena ymyanga yesrne yobusika. Okuqaphelekayo yikuthi iqondana nesuno sezuluesinomoya osusa izintuli. Izwe liba zintuthu ngenxa yothuli. Lokhu kwaholela ekutheniibizwe ngoNtulikazi. Ngamafuphi-nje iyinyanga yezintuli.2.5.3 NgokosukuOsukwini inqina iphurna ekuseni kusemazolo.Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuba izinyamazanezificwe kahle zisale1e kwazise iningi lazo kalizwani namazolo.Kuyavela futhi ukuthiiphurna ekuseni ngoba kwenzelwa ukuthi izinja ziwubambe kalula umkhondowezinyamazane ekade zihamba ebusuku.Umkhondo uyashabalala uma usushiswe yilangaisikhathi eside.2.6 IZIGUBHO ZENQINANjengayo yonke imikhosi yoMdabu inqina nayo inamahubo aqondene nayo.La mahuboahutshwa enqineni kuphe1a. Kuyenzeka-nje ahutshwe uma kubuswa ekhaya. Emicimbiniefana namacece nezindwendwe kawalokothwa ngoba le micimbi inawo amahubo aqondenenayo. Arnahubo enqina abizwa ngezigubho. Leli gama lisuke1a endle1eni asine1wa ngayookuthiwa ukugubha. Izigubho zihutshwa ngenhloso yokuqeda uvalo kubazingeli.Zibaqunga isibindi zibafake umdlandla wokuzingela16

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kakulula ukusho ukuthi isigubho ngasinye saqanjwa ngubani. Lokhukudalwa yikuthi zaqambeka emandulo lapho izinto zazingaqoshwa khona phansi.Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathi bazeke abaqambi bazo.Endaweni yaseNtebeni umntwanauSitheku ka.-Mpande wayibeka induku ebandla maqondana nezigubho zenqina:(i)(ii)(iii)(iv)Ubezanezikhali zakwaGxobela.Sayihlabi nyamazane.Ngezase Ntumeni.Ise Mhlathuze.Ezakwa Lukhulu.Sizingele.Ezanezikhali zakwaGxobela.Siye sayihlab' eMazule.Siye sayihlaba kwaNomangwambu.Hhawu hheshe Wobhekezansi lSizingele ayilalanga.Ayilalanga kwaNomangwambu.Zihlatshwa kwaLukhulu.Ezethu zonke.Sizingele ayilalanga.Ayilalanga kwaNornangwambu.Zihlatshwa kwa Hantshuli.o Bhongoza kaJ."konovana!Sindwendwe zamcongoshe, lokh' isifuba siyasazi.Sihlatshwa kwa.."4konovana.Sindwendwe zamcongoshe.Phurna ye phurna ye.Lokh' isifuba siyisaziZihlatshwa kwa.."'lkosibornvu.Sindwendwe zamcongoshe.Phurna ye phurna ye.Lokh' isifuba siyasazi.Eya oye hheshe, wernayoya hhawusengizawugwabul'ehlanzenilNgibe ngiyawllzingela le hlanzeni17

Sayihlaba thina amahlanze.Ngangiyawuzingela hheshe!Sahlaba 'mawule.Nyoni mantana!SahlabiziIwane.Ingani balele hheshe!Ngibe ngiyawuzingela lehlanzeni.Sayihlaba thina amahlanze.(v)(vi)Kusile kusile Mabandla, Mabandl' athokozayoZinkulu zonk' ezethu.HheshelWayihlaba wayiyek' inyamazane.Zinkulu zonk' ezethu.Hheshe!Yebuya mntwana wenkosi.Zinkulu zonk' ezethu.Hheshe!Inqina imenywe ngubani?Hheshe!Imenywe ngubani?Siyakubona saqu senqina.Yaze yaguqa ngomkhont' inyamazane.Hheshe!Phambana weNdlovu.Siyakubona saqu senqina(Zulu, 2000).2.7 IZIKHALI ZOKUZINGELA2.7.1 EzasemanduloImikhonto yuona zikhali zasenduIo ezazisetshenziswa ngokbokho ekuzingeleni.Kuqapheleka ukuthi nanamuhla isasetshenziswa ekuzingeleniImikhonto inhlobo ningi.Lokhu kuveza ukuthi kakuthathwa noma yimuphi umkhonto kuzingelwe ngawo.18

Kuzingelwa ngengcula. Ingcula ngumkhonto onokudla okuncane. Ubuncane bokudlakwayo kwenza ingene kalula esikhunjeni senyamazane. Uthi Iwengcula lude.Ubude bothibuwenza uhambe ibanga elide lapho ucitshwa. Esinye isikhali sokuzingela, isagila lsagilasisiza ekujikijeleni izinyamazane. lsagiIa sokuzingela sinekhanda elilingene nothi olufishane.Ubufishane bothi busiza ekutheni isagiIa sibe nomfutho onamandla okushaya inyamazaneiwe phansi.2.7.2 EzanamuhlaIzibhamu yizikhali ezisetshenziswa ngabazingeli besirnanje manJe. Kuvela ukuthiukusetshenziswa kwazo ekuzingeleni kwafika nabelungu.Kuyapha"u1eka futhi ukuthikakusetshenziswa noma yiziphi izibhamu. Kusethenziswa ezohlwayi naJezi ezikhiphainhIamvu eyodwa ngesikhathi.Lezi zibhamu kuzingelwa ngazo ngoba kazinawo amandlaamakhulu. Kuqapheleka ukuthi imishini ezishintshayo kakuzingelwa ngayo. Lokhu kudaJwayikuthi inamandla amakhulu kakhulu. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi umthetho kahulumeni ophetheizwe kawuvumi ukuba isibhamu esikhulu esizishintshayo sisetshenziswe ngumphakathi.Sisetshenziswa ngamaJunga ombutho wokuvikela izwe kuphela.Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi namuhla ekuzingeleni kusetshenziswa imikhonto nezibhamu.Ngamanye amazwi onomkhonto usebenzisa umkhonto kuthi onesibhamu asebenziseisibhamu.19

2.8.1 Isambanelsarnbane yinyamazane ezingeleka kanzima.Lokhu kudalwa yikuthi sithanda ukuhambangornnyama.Okukhulu kuso ngarnandla esabekayo okumba umgodi ojulile lapho sihujwa.Kuvela ukuthi sinqotshwa kusetshenziwe:Okuze kusinqobe ukubhunyelaamanzi emgodini siphakathisLlI1ba ukuze inhlabathi ibe ludaka.(Gcumisa noNtombela, 1993:73).Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma inhlabathi isiludaka kasibe sisakwazi ukuhamba kahle.Ngamafuphi-nje siyehlu1eka ukuyiqhwanda siyiphose emva kwaso.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi ngale kokuthela amann emgodini isambane siyanqobeka.Kuvela ukuthi kusetshenziswa umkhonto:Umkhonto uhlatshwa phezu komgodingenkathi kumbiwa. Umkbonto usithenaamandla sikhathale ukumba inhlabathi.(Mhlongo, 2000).Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi umkhonto unamandla acindezela isambane sigcine sikhathele.Umkhonto unamandla abaphansi.engenhla maqondana nomsamo.Lokhu kufakazelwa ukuhlonywa kwawo phezulu endliniInkolo yeSintu iqinisa ukuthi umsamo uyindawo ehJalaabaphansi bomuzi. Banamathela kuwo abadala ngoba uhJonywe endaweni yabo. Kuvela20

ukuthi isithunzi sabaphansi esisemkhontweni ytso esithena isambane amandla hhayiumkhonto phaqa.2.8.2 IndlovuIndlovu yinyamazane enamandla nolaka.Kakulula ukuyijijimeza bukhoma ngomkhonto.Kuvela ukuthi izindlovu zinomkhuba wokuhamba zibe luhele lapho ziya endaweni ethile.Ukhondo ezihambe ngalo ziya phambili ziphinde zibuye ngalo futhi. Kuvela ukuthi amaphisiayethi angazibona zishaye ujenga ambe amagebe okhondweni.Amagebe ayewembozangotshani kanye nezihlahla ezilula. Lokhu kwakwenze1wa ukuthi zingaboni ukuthi itshe limingothi. Bezithi zingaphoseka emagebeni eziphosekayo, amaphisi azithe1ekele ngernikhonto.Kuphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini sanamuhla izindlovu kazisazingelwa. Zivikelwengumthetho kahulumeni ophethe izwe.2.8.3 InyathiInyathi yinyamazane egqame ngolaka namandla esabekayo. Abazinge1i bayo bebezidela umabeyoyizingela. Lokhu kudalwa ukuthi iyisilwi sokudalwa Kayenqeni ukuchitha iviyolihIome liphelele. Inyathi ibizingelwa ngokuthi ijijimezwe ngomkhonto liphisi elazi inxeba.Bekungalokothwa icitshwe ngomkhonto. Bekwesatshelwa ukuthi umkhonto uzosuke ugejeenxebeni. Ukugeja inxeba kwakungafaka abazingeli engozini21

•••.Yayingalwa isishoshozelelwa yinxebakusale izinsizwa phansi.(Gcumisa noNtombela, 1995:51).Lokhu kugcizelela ukuthi inyathi iyinyamazane eymgoZl.Labo abazingelayo kumelebaqikekele ukuthi kabalenzi iphutha bayigwaze ingafi.22

ISAHLUKO SESITHATHU3.0 IZINHLOBO ZENQINA3.1 ISETHULOLesi sahluko sibuka inqina ngqo ngenhloso yokucacisa bha indlela ebiqhutshwa ngayoernandulo iqhathaniswa nokwenzeka narnuhla. Ukuzingela izinyarnazane yingxenyeyosikornpilo lwabantu abansundu ikakhulukazi abesilisa. Izihlathi zixosha izindlebekurnaphisi urna ezwa ukuthi kuzophunywa inqina.Leli yilona thuba lokuba iphisi ngephisilizikhombise ubulona ekubeni ngungoti ekuzingeleni. Inqina ingurndlalo oligugu:Ukuzingela kungerninye yemidlaloengaconsi phansi kumaphisi.(Khumalo, 1994:20).Ukungaconsi phansi komdlalo wokuzingela kurnaphisi kungale kokuthi asuke ezijabulisa.Izinyarnazane ezibulawe kuzingelwa zihlomulisa umphakathi ernkhakheni wem'ronu!o,wezokwelapha nokuya ngasethunjini.Inqina inhlobonhlobo.Ngarnafuphi nJe uhlobo ngalunye lwenqina lubhekwa kabanziukusuka nokuhlala indlela olusingathwa ngayo23

3.2 Inqina yesigodiLiqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi uSomandla ngenkathi edabula abantu ohlangeni kukhonaabagidlabeza ngamandla okuphatha abantu bakhe. Lapha kukhulunywa ngabaphathi babantungokoMdabu. Kushiwo inkosi yohlanga, iNgonyama phela, amakhosi kanye nezinduna.Abaphathi laba bamele uMvelinqangi siqu sakhe lapha emhlabeni.ukuhlonishwa yiwo wonke umuntu owakhele indawo abayiphethe.Ngakho-ke bamelweUkungabahloniphikufana nokude1ela uMve1inqangi ngoba nguye obamisiJe.Lapho sibheka inqina yesigodi kuhla1uka ukuthi iluhlobo lwenqina engxenyeni ethileyomphakathi ophethwe yinduna yimbe ngaphansi kwenkosi yimbe.Induna yesigodingamandla okuphatha ewabelwe nguMdali iyayimema inqina esigodini esiphethe.Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathi inqina esigodini ingamenywa yinduna kodwa imenywengumnurnzane nje oqavile.Makukhumbuleke ukuthi, ukuba namandla okuphatha kakuniki induna igunya lokwenzanoma yikanjani endaweni ingazange yabika enkosini yesizwe.Kungumthetho wenhloniphoukuba induna kumbe umnumzane ibike enkosini lapho imeme inqina.Ukubika kwabakhulukwenza lowo oyimemile angakhonjwa ngenjumbane uma kwenzeka abazingeli belimazana.Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathi inqina yesigodi iphunywe ngenhloso yokuxosha izinyamazaneeziluhlupho emphakathini. Izimfene, izingulube zentaba nezinka",u ziluhlupho2+

emphakathini. Onkabi Iaba kabazishiyi izitshalo emasimini. Kungcono okwezimfenenezinkawu ngoba abanikazi bezitshalo bayakwazi ukuIinda ukuze zingadliwa.Izingulubezona zihIasela ngomnyama nokwenza kubelukhuni satshe kubanikazi bezitshalo ukuvikelaizitshalo zabo.3.2.1 Inqina yesigodi yokuxosha izimpisiEsinye isilwane esiphathisana ikhanda Iapho sesixobisile emphakathini impisi.izingulube zentaba, impisi nayo ikufuna ngomnyama okuya ngasethunjini.usekutheni yona idla inyama kuphela. Impisi idalwe yaba yisilwane esinamandla.NjengazoUmehIukoAmandlaayo agxiIe kakhulu emihlathini. La mandla emihlathi yayo ayenza ikwazi ukucaba cishe onkeamathambo akhona emzimbeni wesilwane. Ize yehIulwe lithambo lentamo. Kuyacacaukuthi yingakho-nje libizwa ngesahIulampisi.Kuyavela ukuthi impisi kayikukhuthalele kangako ukuzingela izinyamazane eziphilayo.Ikhonze ukudla izibhucu zezinsaIela zezinyamazane ezisaIe kudla amabhubesi, izingulule,izingwe namankentshane. Ukudla kwayo izibhucu kuphethe imfihIakalo yokuthiingumhIanzi wendawo. Kunganukubezeka umoya uma kungahIala kuneziginqanezezibhucu.KuyaphawuIeka ukuthi Iuliconsi Iomkholongo ukubonakala kwempisi enuru.Imvamisa ihamba ngomnyama.Lapho kwenzekile yangathola lutho ezoludla ehIathini, inomkhuba wokugasela emiziniyabantu, iyozifunela ukudla. Iba nemfuyo shaqa:25

...It will turn to domestic stock .(Smithers,1986:95).Imvamisa ibamba izimbuzi, izimvu namankonyane.Kuyadida ukuWasela kwempisi emiziniyabantu ngoba ngok-wesidalo inamaWoni futhi iligwala. Kunokwenzeka ukuthi ithonya layolokozelisa abantu balale babole liyenza ibe nesibindi sokuhJasela imizi yabo.Kuvela ukuthiithonya lempisi lokozelisa abantu yizinkophe zayo.UGcumisa noNtombela, (1993:28) babeka kanjena:...Uma isifike qathatha esangweni lesibayasomnurnzane iqala ngokudamane icwayiza.Icwayiza nje yezelisa abantu bakulomuzi. Nazoizilwane iyazezelisa ngayo lendlela zihuqeubuthongo bese izikhethela kuzona.Ithi ingazenelisa ngokuthi abomkhaya ewuhlasele sebelele bese iphoseka phakathi esibayeni.Bheka-ke ngoba impisi kayisibulali isilwane ngoba iWose ukudla yesuthe.Iyabhokloza-nje,idle lokho ekudlayo.Kuyothi kuqambe kusa kube kuzigingqane izimbuzi esibayeni.Kuyenzeka kwenye inkathi izithuthe lezo esizibulele, iyozithukusa emgedeni okukanyeehJozini. Ukudica kwayo imfuyo okuyenza ibe nesigcwagcwa kubantu.Ngokudalwa, impisi iyamesaba umuntu kodwa uma isibhilitelwe liphango iyambhozomelakwazise ithi ingahamba idle udaka. Uma kuthiwa ithi ingahamba idle udaka, kushiwo impi.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi lapho sezixake ngempela, zimenyelwa inqina yokuzixosha endaweni.Luthi lunganqunywa usuku lokuzixosha, kube yileyo naleyo ndoda ilungise izikhali zayoeyoziphatha mhla wenqinaMhla wenqina kuba ubuphithiphithi kubazingeli. Kuyilowo26

nalowo efuna ukuziveza ubuqhawe nesibindi sokubhekana nezilwane lezi.lnhloso-ngqangiyale nqina ukuxosha izilwane hhayi ukuqotha imbokodo nesisekelo.Izimpisi zixosheka kalula ikakhulukazi uma zicashe emaWozini nasemihosheni phansikogoma kumbe intaba. Inqina yeWukana izigaba ezintathu. Iqembu lokuqala Iihambasakunqumela ngalena kwentaba E1esibili lenza sona leso nganeno kwentaba. ElesithathuIihamba phezulu ogomeni yikhona Iizobona nWangothi zombili zogoma.Lapho bevukaofeleba, bacela empunzini kude kude ezansi. Njengoba inqina iphethe izikhali nje,kakwenzeki zingabikhona ezidliwa yingcula. Isuke yendele esokeni kubaphathibezikhwamaBasuke bezoWomula izitho ezithiIe ezidingwa ngumsebenzi wabowobunyanga:Izinkophe zayo zingumuthi obaluleke kakhulu.Amathambo empisi asetshenziswaezinyamazaneni nasezintelezini zokwelaphanokubethela Indle yayo iyasetshenziswaikakhulukazi kubantwana.Kwenziwa isiphungo uma bekhumuzeka amazinyo.(Ckumisa noNtombela, 1993:29).Izinkophe zempisi ezibizwa ngodosi emkhakheni wokwelapha, kuthakwa ngazo inteleziyokulalisa izitha yikhona zizolala ubuthongo sengathi zifiJeLe ntelezi ibikhonzwe kakhulukusaliwa izimpi.Bakhona-ke nabanye abathatha izinkophe zempisi ngenWoso yokufezaizinjongo zabo zokukhoWakala.Amasela nabakhunkuli yibona bantu abenza 10 mkhubaomubi.Ngamafuphi-nje iningi lezitho zempisi Iiyasetshenziswa emkhakheni wokwelapha.Inyama yayo-ke? Inyama yempisi kayidliwa. Ukungadliwa kwenyama yayo kudalwa yikuthiidla ukudla okungasile. Kamuva-nje, uma yethuke yelanyelwa, yenelwa yingcula17

kuphambane imibenge emlilweni kungabindaba zalutho.Inyama yayo inone yinhlama.Izinsizwa ziqopha izibongo ngokudliwa kwenyama yempisi:Mpisi beyiduda beyiphekela amadombolo.(Chonco, 2000).Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini sanamuhla mqma yokuxosha izimpisi kayisavamile.Iningi lazo laqoqwa lafakwa eziqiwini.3.2.2 Inqina yesigodi yokuxosha izimfeneIzimfene zingezinye zezinyamazane eziluhlupho kubantu.Ziluhlupho ikakhulukazi kulaboabatshale ummbila. Kazenqeni ukutheleka esifeni zishaye ikhuhle. Emandulo bezilindwaukuze zingoni emasimini.Okuqaphelekayo yikuthi bezingalindwa ngumuntu owozelakalula. Zinethonya elibi lokulalisa lowo olinde insirnu. Lapho sezenelisekile ukuthi umlindiuselele ubuthongo obunzu1u, ziphoseka phakathi ensimini.Kulala izigingqane zibhonqulaizikhwebu zombila. Zithi zingashaya esentwala, zibambe ezize ngayo. Zithi zingaphumazonke ensimini, ikhonde libe nomlindi shaqa. Lijabula life uma ngabe ubebase umlilo. Likhaugaba lwernfe, lilushutheke emlilweni. Luyothi selushisa, liluhoshe, lishaye umlindi.Ukhalaayobayobe. Lapho-ke onkabi kakusemsindo, behleka umIindi ephaphatheka ngenxayobuhlungu bogaba ashaywe ngalo.Bekuthi uma sezibhilite ngempela, zimenyelwe inqina yokuzixosha endaweni.Okuqaphelekayo yikuthi izimfene azifani nezimpisi. Zinempi ellZlma. Ngamafuphi njekaziwona amavaka.Lokhu kubiza ukuba abazingeli bacophelele lapho bebhekana nazo.28

Indawo ezihlala kuyo nayo ipbinde yenze kubenzima ukuzixosha.Imvamisa zihlalaemaweru. Yingakho-nje zipbinde zaziwe ngezimbuzimawa. Kuyenzeka futhi zihlaleendaweni enamatshe. Ezixhotsheni yilapho zithola khona ukudla kwazo okuligugu ufezela.Kwenye inkathi zihlala ezihosheni kwazise ziwakhonzile amanzi.Inqina yokuzixosha ihlukana izigaba ezintathu. Iqembu lokuqala liqonda lapho zihlala khonaesihosheni. Elesibili lihamba sakunqumela lehlise isihosha ngaphesheya kwaso.ElesithathuIona linqumela nganeno kwesihosha.Wonke urnzingeli kumele aqikelele kukho konkeakwenzayo.Bheka-nje kakulokothwa kujikijelwe izimfene kumbe zicitshwe ngemikhonto.Ukujikijela kufana nokuthi usuke uzihlomisa.Ziyazipbindiselela kulowo ozihlaselayoOkuphawulekayo ngazo yikuthi kazibeki phansi kodwa zibeka enyameni.Lapho zibaleka., kuhamba omathananazana neZlJwana phambili.Emace1eni kuhambaamakhonde. Kanjalo nasemuva kuhamba wona. Lokhu kugqamisa umuzwa wokuthiizimfene zihlangene.Ziyazi ukuthi kumele zivikelane kukho konke okungaba yingozikuzona Izimfene ziyiqonda kahle kamhlophe imfihlakalo yokubaluleka kobunyenokubambisana kukho konke ezikwenzayo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi YIZekuyinqina yokuxosha izimfene kodwa zikhona ezenelwayintshushu. Bajabula bafe ondlela zinuka umswani. Basuke bezohlomula izitho ezithiJeukuze bathake imithi yokwelapha.Kuyenzeka futhi nabakhunkuli bahlomule ngenhlosoyokuthaka imithi yokukhunkuJa. Inyama ke? Inyama yemfene kayidliwa kwazise imfeneiyinyamazane enzima., iphiJa noma ifilel.Jbunzima bayo buhambisana namandla ok-ubvazi29

ukukhaba Iowo oyibuIele.Yingakho nje Iowo oyibulele kufanele afunde amaqashanaenyama yayo ukuze ingameleki ngesithunzi. Ngamanye amazwi usuke ezigoma ukuze aqine.Ukufunda amaqatha eyemfene kwaziwa ngokuthi ukulekezela. Igama lokulekezelaliyisihlonipho sokuhlonipha ukudliwa kwenyama yemfene kwazise iyisilwane esingadliwasidalo. Amakloza ansondo aqala ethi ayalekezela, agcine eseyidla okokuphela. Lilonke,kungashiwo ukuthi ukulekezela kugcina kwenze abantu badle izilwane uMvelinqangiayengazidalelanga ukudliwa.3.3 Inqina yakomkhuluKusadliwa ngoludala kwazulu amakhosi oseIwa abebutha amabutho.Inkosi nenkosiibibutha awayo ngesikhathi ibusa.Lapha sizothinta nje amakhosi amathathu kanyenamabutho awo ambalwa.InkosiAmabuthouShakauFasimbauGibabanyeuMpandeuThulwanauDloko30

uCetshwayoiNgobamakhosiuFalazaAmabutho abebuthwa ngokuthi kuhlanganiswe izinsizwa ezintanganye nezelamana eduzezinqunywe zibe Iibutho. Ibutho Iiphiwa igama eIizokwaziwa ngalo. Wonke umuntuobuthiwe ubehlonishwa, angabizwa ngegama lakhe. Ubebizwa ngebutho akuIona. Ibuthongebutho beIinikwa ilungelo lokuphatha isihlangu esinombala ongafani nowesiphathwangeIinye ibutho.Ngamafuphi nje, umbala wesihalngu ucacisa ukuthi umuntu ukuIiphiibutho. Ibutho nebutho beIiba nenduna yalo eliphethe. Ngisho izintombi bezibuthwa.UMsimang, (1975:343) uphawula kanjena:... Izintombi eziyintanga yebutho lezinsizwaelithile nazo zazibuthwa kanye nalo.Ukubuthwa kwezintombi bekwenzelwa ukuba, lapho inkosi isilijubile ibutho ukuba lithathe,Iikhethe kuzo.Amabutho bekuyisihlangu sokuvikela izwe Iingaphangwa yizitha.Ngaphandle kokuvikelaizwe, amabutho abephinde enze imisebenzi yakomkhulu.Ukwakha imizi yamakhosi,ukuIima amasimu akomkhulu nokubiya izibaya kwabe kusemahlombe amabutho.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ibutho eIithile beIike Iijutshwe ukuba Iiphume inqina eqondenenokufeza izidingo zenkosi.Ibutho beIijutshwa ukuyozingela izinyamazane zOkuqinisainkosi.Umthetho wesiZulu maqondana nokuzingela kawuvumi ukuba kuzingelwe ehlobo.Ehlobo izinyamazane zisuke zizele.Kuyaqapheleka uh.-uthi ezimweni ezithile kuyenzekainqina iphume ehIoboUkuphuma kwayo ehlobo kakuphazamisi imvelo ngoba isuke ihlose31

izinyamazane ezidingekayo ekuqinisweni kwenkosi.Inyamazane engadingeki ekuqiniswenikwenkosi kayilikothwa.Imvamisa izinyamazane ezithakwayo ekuqiniseni inkosi yilezi: Ibhubesi; Ingwe; Inyathi;Indlovu; inyengelezi nobhejane.IbhubesiLena yinyamazane enamandla, ulaka, isithunzi futhi eyisilwi.Ibhubesi liyinkosi yezilwaneNgamafuphi nje Iiyahlonishwa yizilwane.Ukuqiniswa kwenkosi ngalo kuyibeka esimwenisokuba nesithunzi sokuhlonipheka kubantu ebaphetheIngweLena yinyamaz;me enolaka, isibindi, ubuqhwaga futhi isheshisa okonyazi lapho ibhekenenezitha zayo. Inkosi incindiswa ngengwe yikhona izoba nesibindi sokubhekana ngqo nezithazayo nezesizwe sayo jikelele.Inkosi uCetshwayo yakhombisa isibindi esimangalisayoibhekene namaNgisi ayeh10se ukuqeda nya ngoZulu.Kumele futhi isheshe kuhle konyazilapho ibhekene nezitha zayo.32

InyathiLena yinyamazane enolaka nonya oluyisimangaliso. Inamakhala abukhali. Okukhulu kuyongamandla. Inkosi njengomphathi wezwe kumele ibenarnandla okuphatha. Amandla ayekumele abe sengqondweni yikhona izothatha izinqumo ezephusile.IndlovuLena yinyamazane enkulu kunazo zonke ehlathini. Inesithtmzi, amandla nolaka. Okukhulufuthi ngayo yikuthi kayikhohlwa.Ukuqiniswa kweNkosi ngendlovu kuyembathisa isithunzinobukhulu obunamandla angayiwa. Inkosi kakumele ibe yisikhohlwa ngoba iphethe izindabazesizwe ezibucayi. Lokhu kubiza ukuthi ihIale ikhumbula ukuthi ubani wathini kwenzenjani.Bheka-nje inkosi uShaka isibusa yabakhurnbula bonke abayiphatha kabi isengumfanyanaIndlovu igqame kangangoba ISlZe yellZIwa isibingelelo sokuhlonipha abaseNdlunkuluyakwaZulu:Wena wendlovu!(Zulu, 2000)Indlovu kayehlulwa silwane ehlathini. Kanjalo nenkosi kumele ingehlulwa lutho. InkosiuShaka yayingehluleki kulokho ebhekene nakho. Imbongi imfanisa nendlovu:IndloYU ethe imuka babeyilandelaabakwaLanga; buyise inh\oko yadla amadoda(Nyembezi, 195823).33

InyengeleziLena yinyamazane encane futhi enhle. Okukhulu ngayo yisulubezi. Kakulula ukuyibambangoba irnane inyamalaIe emehIweni abazingeIi.Inkosi incindiswa ngayo ukuze iphunyukekalula ezitheni zayo.UbhejaneLena yinyamazane edume ngolaka nodlebe oIumangaIisayo.Ukuqiniswa kwenkosi ngayokuyithwesa umqhele wamandla okuba nodlebe.lNkosi njengomphathi wezwe kubhekekeibe nezindIebe ezibukhaIi. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni uma kukhona ububi obufufusayo phakathikwesizwe, isheshe ibunqande bungakenzi umonakaIo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kakufuneki iwala Iapho kuthakwa lezi zinyamazane. Leziizinyamazane ezinesithunzi esinzima. Ukuzisebenzisa ngokweqile kwenza umuntu esatshwekakhulu.lJkwesabeka kakhulu kumthe1a ngesigcwagcwa esingaholela e\,:utheni abantubamlimaze.Inqina iphuma ngovivi. Iholwa yinduna yebutho eIiyozingela. Induna iIihIo nomlomowenkosi kukho konke okwenzeka enqineni. Iholwa nguNdunankulu wesizwe umaihIanganise abazingeIi bamabutho ehIukene IsikhundIa asiphethe singaphezulukwesezinduna zamabutho nokwenza izwi Iakhe lilale1we yiwo wonke umuntu osenqineni.

Lapho inqina iphume ngenhloso yokuWaba izinyamazane zokuqopha imvunulo yenkosi,iWaba kuphela lezo eziqopha imvunu10 yabasebukhosini ababizwa ngabaNtwana.KwaZuluuma kukhulunywa ngabill~twana, kushiwo labo abanegazi lasebukhosini bakwaZulu.Umlando usitshela ukuthi kusukela ezikhathini zoPhunga noMageba, abasebukhosinibabehloba ngemvunulo eyeWukile kweyabantu phaqa.Lokhu kwakwenzelwa ukubababonakale kalu1a lapho bephakathi kwabantu ukuze bathole inWonipho ebafanele. Namuhlaimvunulo yasebukhosini isimnula noma ngubani inqobo nje uma enamandla okuyithola.Ingwe yinyamazane engaconsi phansi ebukhosini bakwaZulu.Ikhonzelwe isikhumba sayoesiWe. Lisabusa elakwaZulu, bekungumthetho ukuthi noma ngubani obulale ingwe ayethulekomkhulu.Isikhumba sengwe siqopha amambatho, imiqhele, izikhono, ubukopolo, izinenenenugmgqo. Kuyavela ukuthi ingwe ikhonziwe kuzo zonke izizwe zoMdabu e-Afrika:All Afiican tribes regard the leopard as ananimal which symbolizes all that is noble,courageous and honourable.(Mutwa, 1996: 144).KunemfiWo enzulu ukukhonzwa kwengwe ngamakhosi.Ingwe ithandelwa amabala ayoamaWe. Kanti futhi ithandelwa isithunzi nokuzotha kwayo. Inkosi njengomalusi wesizwekurnele ibe nesizotha nesithunzi kubantu ebaphethe.Amakhosi azothisa okwayo umaesevunule ngemvunulo yengwe.UMutwa, (1996: 144) uphawula kanjena:Africans believed that ifyou wore the skin ofa particular animal, the characteristics ofthatanimal became part ofyou. For this reason,kings wore leopard-skins breast plates andhead dresses.35

Ukuhloba kwamakhosi oselwa ngengwe kuhole1e ekutheni agcine esebizwa ngayo:Amakhosi oselwa....., nawo asehlonishwa,aziswa ethoshwa ngalesisilwane esihle ngamabala,esiyiqhawe neshinga ekanti sinjaJo nje sinesibindiesesabekayo.(Xala, 1991:93).Enye inyamazane encikene namakhosi oselwa libhubesi.Lithandelwa isibindi kanyenamandla. Okukhulu ngaJo liyinkosi yezilwane. Isikhumba salo besisetshenziswangamakhosi kuphe1a.UGcurnisa noNtombela, (1993: 17) babeka kanjena:Izikhumba zazenza iziphuku zamakhosi.Ukwembatha isiphuku sebhubesi inkosi kuyinika isithunzi nesibindi sokubhekana ngqonezitha zisizwe.Ymgakho nje amakhosi ose1wa ebizwa ngqo ngebhubesi (ingonyama).Urna embethe ibhubesi, aba yilo. Lokhu kuqhakambisa umuzwa wokuthi iyinhloko yesizwe,iNgonyama yaMabandla ephelele.Ngokunjalo nezinyoni zikhona ezithathwa ngokuthi zihloba abasebukhosini, iziphakanyiswanamaqhawe eNkosi kuphelaAbaseNdlunkulu yamaSwazi eSwazini bahloba ngezimpaphezegwal~owala emakhanda. Izimpaphe zalo ezibomvu ezisemaphikweni zilenza lizibekeingqotha ngobuhle ezinye izinyoni.KwaZulu amakhosi neziphakanyiswa abehloba ngaJo.36

INkosi uShaka kuphela eyathanda ukwehluka.Yona yayithwala uphaphe olude Iwendwa.Indwa yinyoni enesithunzi. Iphinde ibe nesisila esinezimpaphe ezinde.Kuyavela ukuthi izinyoni kazikhishelwa inqina kuhle kwezinyamazane. Zishayeka ngenkathiinqina izingela.Kokunye iNkosi ibijuba abathile ukuba bayitholele izimpaphe zenyoniyimbe. Esimweni esinje bezithiywa ngohlobo oluthile Iwenomfi. Kuyaphawukeka ukuthizigcine sezazi ukuthi zicushelwa izimpaphe zazo.Bezithi zingabhajwa, zimane zizinqumezonke izimpaphe zazo.Kudingekile ukusho ukuthi isimo sokuguquka kwenhlaJo yabantu siholele ekuguqukenikwezinto. Bheka-nje inqina ebiphuma ngenhloso yokuthola izinyamazane zokuqinisa iNkosinokuqopha imvunulo yayo kayisaphushwa nokuphushwa. Izinyamazane sezavalelwaeziqiwini. Zivikelwe ngumthetho kahulumeni. Ukuzibulala licaJa elibomvu. Noma kunjalo,amakhosi asaqiniswa ngoba izitho zazo ezidingekayo ziyatholakaJa lapho kulandelwaimigudu esemthethweni.Futhi nezikhumba ziyatholakala erninyangweni yezokongiwakwengcebo yernvelo.3.4 Inqina yomkhosi wokwesbwamaLena yinqina engumurnba ned1e1o nomkhosi wokweshwama.Urnkhosi igama elisuselwaegameni inkosi. Inkosi iyinkosi ngoba kukhona ubukhosi. Ymgakho-nje umcirnbi othintainkosi nobukhosi besizwe ubizwa ngomkhosi.37

{)Knight, (1995: J24) ubeka kanjena:...Prolonged celebration ofthe concept ubukhosiUrnkhosi uyiselulo esiyindurniso ngobukhona bobukhosi benkosi esizweni.Indurnisoiqondiswe ngqo kuMdali ukufakazisa ukuthi isizwe sisamile enkarnbisweni yoMdabu asabelayona.Singakangeni ekweshwameni kuWe siphawule ngokunyangwa kwenWabathi. Kudalainblabathi ibinyangwa. InWoso ukuvirnba irnithi yezitha ingafekeIisi izitshalo. InkosiyoHlanga njengenWoko yesizwe kusemaWombe aye ukukhuJuJa inWabathi yamasimu esizwe:... The king himself needed to perform a rite thatfreed the soil from spiritual pollution and made itsafe for the crops.(Knight, 1995: 125)Urnkhosi wokunyanga inblabathi ubizwa ngokuthi ukukhotha igade.Igade inWabathiebumbene eyisigaxa.Urnkhosi ubizwa ngegade ngoba uqondene nokugoma inblabathi.UmWabathi wamasimu kuWe uWangane ubemuWe yikhona uzokhipha isivuno esiWe.Ukufekela kwezitshalo kungasho indlala kubantu.Indlala ingabenza bagcine sebeziphathakabi kwazise selokhu kwathi nhlo indlala ibanga ulaka.INkosi ijuba inyanga yayo ukuba iWanganise arnakhambi adingekayo ekunyangeni inblabathi.Umkhosi wokunyanga amasimu ubuthanyelwa yinkosi, izinduna kanye nezinyangazakomkhuJu. Ingxube yamakhambi ithakwa ngamakhambi anWobonWobo namafuthaezilwane ezithile.38

UBinns, (1974: 126) ubeka kanjena:...Consisted ofroots, plants, vegetables, the galland parts ofthe slain bull, the fats ofcertainferocious animals and vicious snakes.Ezihlahleni kuthathwa amaqabunga, amaxolo nezirnpande. Kuqapheleka ukuthikusetshenziswa ingxenye yezih1ahla engaphansi kornhlaba nengxenye yaso engaphezukornhlaba. Ngelijulile ingxenye engaphansi kornhlaba imele abaphansi. Ingxenyeengaphezulu komhlaba imele abaphezulu.Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zingxenye kwenzaumsebenzi owenziwayo wamukeleke nhlangothi zombili. Izinyamazane kubangezinesithunzi, amandla nolaka Ukuthakwa kwazo lcwenza amasimu kaZulu abenesithunzi futhi ahlonipheke.Isithunzi samasimu kaZulu senza izitha zitheneke amandlaokugangela kuwo. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi kuphinde kuthakwe inhlabathi ethathwe emasiminiezitha zikaZulu. Ukuthakwa lcwenhlabathi yezitha lcwenza amasimu kaZulu asawote. Imithiyabasokoci kayibi namandla okuphuphisa inhlabathi yamasimu!thi ingawuhlanganisa kahle inyanga, ibike enkosini. Inkosi ikhipha ilanga lomkhosi wegade.Lo mkhosi wenziwa ekuseni ilanga lingakaphumi. Kukhethwa indawo ebhekeempumalanga. Kubaswa umlilo bese kubekwa udengezi oluzoncindela inkosi. Luthilungaba bomvu, kuthelwe umuthi wokuncinda. Lapho usubila, inkosi igcobhoza ngeminweincinde maqede ikhwife ilanga.llanga ilikhwifa ukuze kuthi imisebe yalo lapho ihlabaezitheni, zitheneke arnandla okwenza okubi kuZulu.39

Ukukhotha kwenkosi igade kuthathwa ngokuthi kugoma amasimu esizwe. Emva kornkhosiwegade, ngomlomo wezinduna zezigodi, abantu batshelwa ukuba bendulelise ezifeni.Namuhla umkhosi wegade sekuyiphupho. Abantu sebemane balime nje. Kuyaphawulekaukuthi isekhona ingcosana ewasukulayo amasimu ayo anduba iwalime.Ngeso elijulile,urnkhosi wegade kwabe kungumthandazo wokunxuseJa isizwe isivuno esihle.Phambiliniukudla bekuba kuhle emasimini. Umrnbila ububeka izikhwebu ngantathu. Inja yethanganebhece ibingabuyi ezifeni. Namuhla ukudla emasimini kakusabi kuhle njengakuqala.Kuthi kungalunga ukudla emasimini, isizwe sithathe ukhalo lokweshwama.Ukweshwamayigama eliphethe imiqondo emibiliUkweshwama lisiko lokubeka isizwe esimwenisokukwazi ukudla ihIobo. Singasho futhi sithi ukweshwama ukuqabuka into ethilengokokuqala ngqa. Ngenjula, ukweshwama yindumiso yesizwe eqondiswe kuMdali. Isizwesibonga ukudla okusemasimini. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inkolo yoMdabu ikha sitsheni sinyenenkolo yobuKrestu maqondana nokubonga uNkuIunkulu.AmaKrestu kawalokothi adleukudla engabonganga kuNkulunkulu.Inkosi neSlZWe ishwama ehlobo elikhulu ukuqala konyaka omusha. Izwe liseyilobekungalokothwa kudliwe ihIobo inkosi ingakeshwami.Inhlonipho igqamisa ukuthi inkosinjengenh1oko yesizwe, mayihlahle indlela eqonde ekudliweni kwehloboKuyavela ukuthingenkathi kubusa iNkosi uShaka, otholwe edla ihIobo ngokungemthetho wayesiwakwagoqanyawo:...Umuntu oke walokotha wadla ihIobo il\'kosiingakalidli uyabulawa.(Dhlomo, 1937: 125)

Umkhosi wokweshwama ubungaconsi phasi kuZulu.Unyaka nonyaka inkosi yayirnelweukunyathela uselwa:... Wabe ugujwa minyaka yonke .(Msimang, 1975:348)Ubugugu bawo benza isizwe sawukhonza ngokwedlulele.Ukhonzwe ngenxa yokuthiuhambisana nokuxosha indlala ernakhaya.Ehlobo ukudla kuba yinala ngoba kuthathwaernasimini.Lo mkhosi wodurno unamalungiselelo azigaba zintathu, ukugonqa kwenkosi, ukuphurnakwenqina eyozingela ingwe nokuhlwaywa koselwa lwenkosi.Inkosi ijuba ibutho elithileukuphuma inqina yokuthola ingwe yokunyathela. Inqina iphuma ngovivi. Iholwa yindunayebutho. Ingwe kayigwazwa ngomkhonto. Kwenzelwa ukuba isikhurnba singonakali.Iphihlizwa ngewisa, ithwalwe isiwe komkhulu. Urnphathi wenqina ukhetha arnadoda aqothoukuze ayithwale. Ekufikeni komkhulu, yethulwa ezinduneni yikhona izohlinzwa, kucwiywemtho ezingena ernithini yokuncindisa inkosi.Inkosi ingena erngonqweni ukuze ithathe ukhalo lokweshwarna.Ingena ngosuku lokuqalalwamalungiselelo omkhosi Igonqela endlini yenkatha yobukhosi. Igonqela kulendluyikhona izokhothwa Zinyandezulu zesizwe.Ngelinye ihlo, ukugonqa kwenkosi kushoukuzila izinto ezithile.Kokunye isuke ibarnbe isiguqo sokuzila ice1a kwabalele ukubaumkhosi ube yirnpumeleIo. Inkosi iyasizila isigodlo. Izila konke ukudla okunok>venzekakuthintane namanina. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inkosi imsulwa. Izinyanyazifuna umuntu omsulwa ngoba nazo zimsulwa.~l

Inyanga yenkosi iyithaka ngokukhulu ukucophelela imithi yokunyanga inkosi.Inkosiiphekwa ngezintelezi iphinde idle amakhubalo anamandla.Iyaphalaziswa, iyancindiswaiphinde igcatshwe. Inhloso ukuyivikela ebubini:...Was to protect the king from any harm whichmight befall him through his coming into contactwith any person who had eaten ofthe new season'scrops without having first undergone the necessarypurification.(Binns, 1974: 128).Inkosi igonqe ukuze inikwe isithunzi ukuze ingabi lula ezitheni zayo. Isithunzi senkosi sishoukuhlonipheka kwayo nesizwe esiphethe.Ukugonqa kwenkosi endlini yenkatha kuyenza ingabonwabonwa ymoma ngubani.Kudingekile ukuba kuphawulwe ngenkatha yobukhosi ukuze kuvele ukubaluleka kwayo.Inkatha yobukhosi iluphawu lobunye namandla esizweni. Inhlanganisela yezinto eziyakhayoisiveza obala isithombe sobunye obudingekayo esizweni. Injani inkatha~:Inkatha 1ena ithi ayibe ngangenkatha yembiza.Phakathi kufakwe utshani obuthathwe enkundleniokuhlala khona abantu, kanye notshani obuhoshwaphezu kweminyango yomuzi wenkosi. Kufakwanezinsila zabasekhaya kanye nabafo.(Msimang, 1975:337).Inkatha ngumkhando wesizwe.Ukuhlanganiswa kwalezi zinto ndawonye kuqinisa ukuthiuma isizwe sibumbene ngeke sidungwe yizithaInkatha ifana ncimishi neziko lokumiselaimfuyo. Ukuthathwa kotshani basenkundleni bufakwe enkatheni kwenza abantu bangayekiukuthanda isizwe sabo.Ukufakwa kotshani baphezu kweminyango yomuzi wenkosi kusho42

ukuthi, ubukhosi besizwe kumele buhIale budlondlobele.InsiIa yabasekhaya nabafoiyisikhonkwane sokuvikela ubukhosi.Abafo bacindezelwa yinsiIa yabo batheneke amandlauma becabanga ukuthathela isizwe izikhali.Izinyoka nazo azisali lapho kwenziwa inkatha yobukhosi.Ibululu lithakwa ngoba lihIalaIigoqene. Isizwe naso kufaneIe sihIaIe siqoqene simunye. Ukuqoqana kwalo kulenzalimbelwe ngisho esangweni lesibaya sezimeshe.Inhloso yikuba izimeshe zingakhohIwaikhaya. Ibululu Iidalwe laba livila. Ukuthakwa kwalo enkatheni yesizwe okuqondiwe ukubaisizwe sivilaphe. Zonke izinto emhJabeni zinobuhIe nobubi. Isizwe kubhekwe ukubasithathe uphawu oIuhIe ebululwini hhayi oIubi.lsizwe sesimane saphenduka amaviIa angayiwa.Yize Iivilapha, Iiyakwazi ukuziphilisa.AbanomhJabathi wokulima bayaviIaphaukuwusebenza ukuze bazitholele ukudla.Imithonselana elimayo iphazanyiswa ngamasela.Ezikhungweni zemfundo abanye abafundi kabazinikeli ngokugcwele emsebenzini wabo.Ezikhungweni zernisebenzi, kunabantu abaviIapha ukwenza umsebenzi ngendleIa eyiyo.UbuviIa butheJa isizwe ngehIazo. lsizwe samaviIa kasiyi phambili.Kuyavela futhi ukuthi inhIwathi nayo iyangena emikhandweni yenkatha.Kusetshenziswaisikhumba. Inhlwathi ilivila njengalo ibululu. UbuviIa bayo bugqama Iapho igingile. Imaneibe ngumthwalo. Ukuginga kuyenza ingakwazi ukuhuquzela. IhIala lapho igingele khonaize ibole ngaphansi, kuphume amathambo esilwane ebisigingile.Inhlwathi iluphawulwamandla, ubumbano, okungelula ukuluqhekeza:...Pythons symbolizes togetherness, undevided

oneness.(Berglund, 1976:61).Kuyavela ukuthi inkatha iphelela uma isisongwe ngesikhumba senhlwathi.Igcinwa kahleendlini okungangeni kuyo noma ngubani. Igcinwa kahle ngenhloso yokwenza isizwe sihlalesiburnbene ukuze singachithwa yizitha:The idea behind the keeping ofthis sacred coilwas that in it was embodied the very essence ofboth King and Nation and it symbolized thebinding together ofevery member ofthe communityinto one great and powerful unit. Through itspreservation their unity and strength were maintained:should it be destroyed, both King and Nationwould be scattered and driven from their land.(Binns, 1974: 122).Amazwi kaBinns adinga ukuthelwa ngomquba ngoba aliqiniso lodwa.Ukuhlikizekakwenkatha kudala ukuba isizwe sibenhlakanhlaka.Ukuh1ikizwa kwenkatha yesizwesamaZulu ngamaNgisi emva kwempi yasoNdini ngonyaka ka - 1879 kwaholela ekutheniisizwe samaZulu silahlekelwe lubumbano.Olunye ukhalo olumqoka ekulungiseleleni umkhosi wokweshwama, ukulanda uselwalwenkosi. Uselwa lulandwa ogwini lolwandle. Inkosi ijuba amadoda aqotho ukulandauselwa Izithunywa ziphinde zikhe amanzi olwandle kanye nawernifula emikhulu ezweni lakwaZulu:... Certain carefully-selected and trustworthymessengers were sent down to the coast tocollect the small round gourds ofthe wilduSelwa plant and a quantity ofsea water towhich was added water from their great rivers,the Tugela, the Urnfolozi and the Urnhlathuze,

which these men crossed on their journey fromthe sea.(Binns, 1974: 129).Ukulandwa kose1wa Iwenkosi kuba yimfiblo. Kwenzelwa abanhliziyo zilukhuni bangalitholiithuba lokwenza ububi obungabeka impumele10 yomkhosi engcupheni.Kuleli bangakudingekile ukuba kuchazwe uSe1wa Iwenkosi yikhona abangalwazi bezoba nesithombe saloemiqondweni.UBinns, (1974:135) uluchaza kanjena:The uselwa Iwenkosi is a small, stripped, butvery bitter melon with an objectionable smell,which grows wild on the sea coast.Uselwa lumqoka kangangoba umkhosi wawungeke ubekhona lungekho. Ukuthakwa kwalokwenza iNkosi ibe nesizotha nogazi kubantu ebaphethe.Izithunywa ezi1ande uselwa ziphuma ebusuku komkhulu. Emini ziyaphumula. Inh\oso,zigwema ukubonwa ngabantu. Ukuhamba kwazo ebusuku kuqinisekisa ubumfihlobomsebenzi ezijutshwe ukuba ziwenze. Ngenjula, zihamba ebusuku ngoba zihambanabalele. Inkolo yeSintu iqinisa ukuthi abalele bahamba ngethunzi. Ubukhona bezinyanyabulubhaqa olukhanyisa indlela yezithunywaEkubuyeni kwezithunywa, zingena ebusuku komkhulu. Zingena ngentuba engenhla komuzi:On their return to the Royal kraal the messengerswould usually sneak at night through a small+5

gateway at the top ofthe enclosure.(Binns, 1974: 130).lzithunywa zingena ngentuba esenbla komuzi ukuze zisheshe zifinyelele enkosini.Laphoinkosi isilwamukele uselwa, inquma usuku lomkhosi wokweshwama.Ijuba uNdunankuluwesizwe ukuba azise isizwe ngosuku 10 mkhosi.Kuleli banga inkosi idla ubulawuobumhJophe. Isebenzisa obumhJophe ukuze ikhiphe ubulawu obubomvu egazini. Ubulawuobumhlophe buyenza ibe negazi elichachambile.Ngosuku lomkhosi kuba nokuthokozaokukhulu esizweni. Isizwe sisuke sijabulela ukuthola igunya lokudla ihlobo. Ernvakomkhosi wakomkhulu, urnndeni ngamunye uzenzela owawo umkhosi ka doloqina.Zonke iziziba zogcwala ihlabathi. Kuningi okushintshile maqondana nomkhosiwokweshwama. Namuhla inqina yokuzingela ingwe yokunyathelisa inkosi kayisaphunywa.Izingwe zivalelwe eziqiwini. Zivikelwe ngumthetho kahulumeni obusa izwe. Namuhlaukudla okutshalwa ehlobo kudayiswa emapulazini nasezimakethe.Iningi labantu namuhlaselidla ihlobo ngaphandle kokweshwama.Ukuguquka kwernpilo nenhlalo yomphakathikwenze umkhosi wokweshwama wehlelwa isithunzi owawunaso kusadliwa ngoludala.3.5 INQINA MBUMBULUUkwanda kwaliwa ngumthakathi. Lana ngamazwi ashiwo ngumuntu ebonga kulowo osukeemsizile. Ukuhlalisana kahle kwabantu bakhile yinto enble. Indaba yonakala umasekukhona amalunga omphakathi asengenwe ngumona.Umona uholela ekutheni Iowa

omphethe enze mnto ezimbi. Ukuthakatha kungumphumela womona. Ubuthakathibumelene nenhlalakahle yomphakathi. Emandulo umthakathi wayejojwa, ikakhulukazi umaebanjwe oqotsheni. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi, kakubona bonke abathakathi ebebebulawangoba bebanjwe oqotsheni. Indoda ibingasoleka ukuthi iyahambahamba kodwa kubelukhuniukuyiqonda ngqo.Lapho kukhona indoda esolekayo, bekuphunywa inqinambumbulu.InhIoso yale nqina beyaziwa ngabathile kuphela. Ymi inqinambumbulu?:Inqina mbumbulu inqina emenywe ngeceboelithile elihlosiwe.(Cele, 1973:109).Le nqina imenywa ngenhloso yokubulala umkhunkuli.Ibizwa ngenqinambumbulu ngobakayiyona inqina ngempela. Ubumbumbulu bayo bufihla ububi obusoshwe ngalowoothakathayo.Lapho kuphunywa inqinambumbulu, abasunguli bayo bakhetha umuntu othile ukuba asuseumthakathi. Lowo ojutshelwe 10 msebenzi kasuki eduze komthakathi. Ngenkathi kuvukainyamazane, ikhuzwa ibhekiswe ngqo kumthakathi.liGna thuba-ke leli lokuba agwazwebese kuthiwa, kwenzeke iphutha, kwazise selokhu kwathi nhIo lixhoshwa libhekile.Umthakathi ugwazwa mahlanze ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ufa ujuqu.Uma ebuqamama,abazingeli bamthela ngethala lemikhonto kuphele izikweletu. Bamciba bonke ukuqinisekisaukuthi kasindi nangengozi.Kuyavela ukuthi kwenye inkathi inqinambumbulu isebenziseka kabi.Isebenziseka kabi umakubulawa umuntu ebulawelwa ize leze.Umlando wezizwe zabeNguni ukhomba ukuthi.p

inkosi yakwaNdwandwe uZwide yamema inqinambumbulu iyimemela uDonda inkosiyakwaKhumalo. Isono sikaDonda kwaba ukuxwayisa inkosi uShaka ngomgogaeyayiwucushelwe nguZwide emva kokubanjwa kwenkosi yakwaMthethwa uDingiswayoibanjwa nguZwide.Nango-ke uZwide esemema inqina yomsenge okuyothi emva kwayo kuyiwe ejadwini lasebusuku.Inkosi yamaNdwandwe ngomlomo wesithunywa sayo, iphatha kalula uDondangodaka emeblweni.Ithi uDonda angethuki lapho ebona amabutho akwaNdwandweeblome ethe shi ngoba ayobe ezosuka enqineni adlulele kwaZulu, eyoblosela uShaka.Ngokulutheka, uDonda uyasamukela isimemo sikaZwide. Nobani angavuma laphoemenywa ikakhulukazi uma engenanxa nalowo ommemile:Wo! Izwi elimnandi kakhulu kimina lomfowethuuZwide. Kusobala impela ukuthi ufuna ukwakhaubuhlobo obuphelele phakathi kwethu.(Dhlomo, 1937: 129)UDonda wayesithwe yisithupha ngokwethemba uZwide.Alufike usuku lwenqina, luhambekahle kakhulu. Inhloso kaZwide kwakungukuba ijadu libe sebusuku. Ubusuku kabuconsiphansi kubenzi bokubi. Bufihla ukukhohlakala kwabo.Babuthane abakwaKhumalo ngenbloso yokubona ijadu. Bake balibona? PhindelEsikhundleni salokho bezwa sebebhokodwangemikhonto yamabutho kaZwide. Leyamikhonto okuthiwe iyohlasela uShaka\Wafela lapho uDonda!(Dhlomo, 1937: 130).

Inqinambumbulu iyabhuntsha kwenye inkathi ikakhulukazi uma umaqondana enedlozielinamandla. Izinyanya zamvikela uCetshwayo enqineni yaseMangweni:Masiphula: ... IZinyandezulu zinaye.(Ndelu, 1962: 122).Idlozi likaCetshwayo lamphephisa ekubulaweni ytZlgqoza zomfowabo uMbuyazwe.Ukusinda kwakhe emgogeni ayewucushelwe yinkosi uMpande nomfowabo uMbuyazwe,luphawu lokuthandwa iZinyandezulu.Namuhla inqinambumbulu yinto engasaphushwaKwezinye izifunda umuntu ohambahambayouWaselwa ngamadoda, kuphele ngaye.3.6 UKHUKHULELA.~GOQOUkhukhulelangoqo inqina enkulu emenywa yinkosi kuphela.Ibizwa ngokhukhulelangoqongoba ihIanganisa izifunda eziseduze nezikude.Izinduna zibamba iqhaza ekulawuleniabazingeli ukuze kungasuki uthuthuva.Uthuthuva lusuka kalula lapho kuWangene abantuabaningi ikakhulukazi abangazani. Inqina yaloluhlobo icelwa kuhulumeni:...Kuqalwa kuyacelwa komkhulu.(Cele, 1973:109).Incwadi yemvume icacisa imigomo okumele inqina iyilandele.Ibalula izinsuku okumeleinqina izithathe izingela.Ukucelwa kwemvume kakhukhulelangoqo kuhulumeni kuqaleizwe lakwaZulu seliphethwe ngabelunguUhulumeni ubekhipha isithun)wa sibe liWo lakhe

kukho konke okwenzeka enqineni.Ukhukhulelangoqo uthande ukubayindlala ngenxayokuba nhIakanh1aka kukazulu.Izibongo zenkosi uSolomoni zikhomba ukuthi yakeyayimema inqina kakhukhulelangoqo. Inqina yenkosi yethusa abelungu:OkaNdaba uthe ezimemele inqinakwabhangazeka izibiIini zamajaji.(Dlamini, 2000).Abelungu babetatazeIiswa ngumcabango wokuthi inkosi ivukela umbuso wabamhlophe.Kanti qha inkosi iyozingela izinyamazane.3.7 INQINA YEHLAMBOLena yinqina yokugeza izikhali zomnurnzane wekhaya emva kokushona kwakhe.IphumamhIa kwehJambo Iakhe. Inqina yehJambo ikhishelwa umuntu wesilisa oganiwe. Umuntuwesilisa ongaganiwe kakhisheiwa inqina ngisho angamdaia kangakanani.Umuntu wesilisaongasinelwe ungumfana. Ubufana bumenza angalingani nabaganiwe. Ngamanye amazwiinqina yehlambo yehlukanisa abafana emadodeni.Inqina yomnurnzane iphuma ekuseni ngovm.Kwenzelwa ukuba iphume nezinyanyazomuzi.Mhla kwenqina abaiukhuni bafika bahlaie ngasesangweni lesibaya sezinkomoBaIinde ukuzimbandakanya nomndeni Iapho ungena esibayeni.Umndeni uphumela endliniengenhla nokungeIinye IamathempeIi omuzi.ukuba uye naye enqineni, kuyojikijelwa izagila.Usuke ulande umnurnzane ohlanjululwayoAmadodana omnurnzane ajikijela ngezagila50

zikayise.Inkosana yomnurnzane iphatha umkhonto kayise nokuyiwo eyagwaza ngawoithuna mhIa efihlwayo.Umndeni uphuma ngehubo lomuzi endlini engenhJa. Lihlatshwa ngabadala ikakbulukaziabesilisa kwazise umsebenzi othinta abalele uphathwa ngasebekhulile. Ihubo ngumthandazoocela indle1a enhle kwabalele:The sib song is usually a sort ofprayer tothe ancestors to be with their descendants.(Krige, 1936: 138).Ukusondela kwezinyandezulu kusho ukuphepha kwabazingeli kwazise zinamandlaokunqoba ingozi. Ziyabasingatha, zibaphebezele nokungaphezu kokuqonda kwabo. Lokhukuzibeka eqophelweni 10budondol0 lwabo lokudondolozela nokuzwa amazibuko anezizibaezinzonzo ngobuluthuntu balo.Umndeni uhamba njalo uze ungene esibayeni sezinkomo. Indoda yozalo esikhulilengesikhulu isizotha, ibikela umnurnzane ngenqina yakbe. Kucelwa ukuba angasali ngemuva.Uthi angaqeda ukukbuluma obekhuluma, kuphunywe ngehubo 10muzi. Iphuma njeesangweni, omame balokbu beyithela ngezinsipho zotshwala ezinyaweni. Baqinisaabazingeli ukuze bangawi kalula eWathini. Laphaya esigxeni iphakwa ngumthonga wozalo.Ithi ingazingela yenele, yeWele emfuleni onamanzi agelezayo ukuze igeze irnizimba nezikhaliFlowing water is regarded as a purifying agembecause it carries the evil thing away.(Forde, 1954:51).51

Ukuhlamba kwabazingeli ngamanzi amsulwa kubenza babemsulwa.imizimba, kusetshenziswa isiqunga, umganu, umsuzwane neminye.Lapho kuhlanjwaInhloso yokuhlanzaimizimba nezikhaIi ngukulahla ukufa. Isiqunga sixhanxathwa ernatsheni, siququdwe,kukhifwe, kugezwe imizimba nezikhaIi ngaso bese sirnukiswa namanZI. Ukwernukakwesiqunga namanzi kushiya abazingeli bernsulwa.Iqernbu ngalinye Iithi Iingaqedaukuhlamba, Iiqonde endaweni okuvunyelwene ngayo ngenkathi kuthethwa inqina.Bathibangaphelela abazingeli ikhukhule iqonde ekhaya.Ingena ngehubo Iornuzi ephurne ngaloekuseni. Ihuba ingene esibayeni. Indalabantu endaIa ernndenini iyabika kurnnurnzane ukuthiinqina yakhe isibuyile.Urnnurnzane uyatshelwa ukuthi usehlanjululiwe waba rnsulwa.UbumsuIwa bakhe bumbeka esirnweni sokukwazi ukuhlangana nornndeni.Kubongwa abalele bomuzi ngokuhamba kahle komsebenzi obugcinwa. Lapho sekubongiwe,izinsizwa ziyagiya.Zisuke zithakasela ukukhululeka ekutheni sezingaya ngokukhululekaemisindweni ngoba urnndeni kawusazilile.Ngamafuphi, naphezu kwesehlo sefu eIirnnyarnaekhaya kepha namuhla bathokozela ukuhlanjuIuIwa kwethambo Iomndeni elingeneenkonzweni yenhlambuIuko, Iamsulwa futhi ernndenini phansi naphezulu.Sebememukelengoba usengofanele ukwemukelwa njengomsulwa ngokwenhlanzeko yakuleIinakwelingafelwankonyane. Zingaqeda ukugiya izinsizwa, umndeni usina ngezigubhozenqina.Lapho sekuphelile ukugubha, umndeni ungena ezindlini ezifanehi ukuze utholeukudla. Ibandla IisaIa esibayeni ukuze lidle inhloko yaIo. Izinyamazane ezihlatshwe yinqinauma zikhona, ziyah1inzwa ziphekwe ukuze zidliwe.Zidliwa yilo ibandla namadoda ozaIoIornnurnzane obehlanjululwa.52

ISAHLUKO SESINE4.0 A.l\1ALUNGISELELO ENQINA4.1 ISETHULOLesi sahluko socwaningo sibheka kabanzi amalungiselelo enqina.Inhloso ukunikezaisithornbe esiphelele ukusuka nokuhlala kwawo.Liqiniso elirnsulwa ukuthi irnpurneleloyornuntu entweni ayenzayo incika ekutheni ubezilungiselele kanjani.Arnisana isibindiarnalungiselelo ephusile ngoba ayisiqinisekiso sokuthi lokho okulungiselelwayo kubayirnpumelelo mhla sekwenziwa. Aphinde asize ekugwerneni izingqinamba ezinokuvela mhlawornsebenzi ohlelwayo.Isahluko sibheka lokhu: ukuphingiswa kwezinja; ukukhuliswa kwernidlwane; ukuchithiswakwezinja; izikhali zokuzingela kanye nezikhungo zokuzingela. Inqina ingurncirnbiongathathelwa phezulu.Ukungathathelwa kwayo phezulu kudalwa ukurnbandakanyakwayo abantu abaningi futhi bamazinga ehlukene.Urnzingeli woqobo uyazi ukuthi kurneleazihlele kahle ukuze angazenyezi ngayikho ngosuku lwenqina. Iqiniso lisekutheni urnzingelingeke angazenyezi uma azi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi akazilungiselelanga ngokwanele.Arnalungiselelo enqma arnikhakha rnibili. Arnade kanye namafishane. Bheka-njeukuphingisa izinja, ukukhuliswa kwernidlwane nokuchithiswa kwezinja ngamalungiselelo53

enqina amade.Ukuphisa utshwala, ukulungisa izikhali zokuzingela nokuhlela izikhungozokuzingela ngamalungiselelo enqina amafishane.4.2 A.~ALUNGISELELO AMADE4.2.1 UkuphingisaUmuntu ongurnzingeIi uyalruqonda ukuthi impumelelo ekuzingeleniyencike ohlotshenilwezinja analo.KakumangaIisi-ke ukubona abazingeIi abangamaphisi beshabasheka befunaamachalaha anejubane lokusukela abambe izinyamazane ezinejubane eIiphezulu:The ichalaha dog....used to persue andbring down fast-moving animals like impala,springbok, kIipsringer and duiker.(Mutwa, 1996:47).Amazwi kaMutwa aliqiniso.Laphaya ehlathini kukhona izinyamazane ezinejubane kabinokungelula ukuba zibanjwe yinoma iyiphi inja. Zibanjwa ngamaphikankani ezinja.Ukukhetha uhlobo lwenja olufanele ngumsebenzi ongelula ngoba ungeze wayibukangamehlo bese uzitshela ukuthi usunqobile.Kukhona izinja zohlobo nezikhaJelwa yiwowonke umuntu ongurnzingeIi.Abazingeli abanothando olujulile ngohlobo lumbe lwenja,bayaziphingisa izinja.Bathatha injakazi bayivalele nechalaha lohlobo ukuze liyiphinge.lsuke yendele esokeni kumaphisi uma injakazi ivumile ukuphingwa lichalaha evalelwe nalo.Kuyenzeka injakazi yenqabe ukuphingw'a Iichalaha evale1we nalo.

UKhumalo, (1994:22) ubeka kanjena:Bathi sebeyithathile injakazi ukubaiyokhwelwa yinkuzi ethile, ifike injakaziishaye phansi ngonyawo.Ma olwembiza amaphisi uma injakazi yenqaba ukuphingwa.ukulahlekelwa kwamaphisi lithuba lokuthola uhlobo Iwenja.Ukunqaba kwayo kushoUkwenqaba kwenjakazikukhombisa ukuthi iziIwane ziyakwazi ukuzikhethela ezikuthandayo, ziyeke ezingakuthandi.Kuzo zonke izinja zokuzingela, ibhansi kaliconsi phansi kumaphisi.Likhonzelwe ijubaneIalo eliphezulu. Ibhansi yinja eyadabuka kwelinye lamazwe ase-Afrika:The greyhound is an ancient breed, whichoriginated in Egypt about 6 000 years ago.(Worral, 1991:31).Kudingekile ukuba kuchazwe ubunjalo bebhansi ukuze nongalazi alibone ngehlo lengqondo:Ibhansi inja yokuzingela enesisuesikhwecekile.(Nkabinde, !985: 11).Ukukhweceka kwesisu kukhombisa ukuthi liyinja enejubane.Ibhansi linornzimba omude,oyisidlakela. Isifuba salo sikhulu. Isisu kasibonwa. Liphakeme kwesingaphambili bese lithiukwehla kancane kwesingemuva Intamo inkulu bese ikhanda liba lincane. Umhlandla walouthanda ukugoba.Umhlandla ugobe ukuze lifingqane, leluleke kalula lapho ligijirna.Linomsila olingene, ohlala uqhothile wabheka phezulu kancane.Imilenze yalo zidlakela.Ibhansi yinja ethanda ukuba idarnane inikwa ithuba lokugijima.Izinja zinomkhubawokuhlupha uma zihleli zingenzi lutho.55

·.. Dogs that are not given enough to dooften became bored and destructive.(Worral, 1991:74).lzinja ezihlalayo nje ziphathwa isithukuthezi neslZenza zerIZe izinto ezimbi.Zivamisileukubamba izimbuzi nezimvu.Lilonke, kuhle izinja zinikwe ithuba lokuzingela ngobangokudalwa zingabazingeli.Kuba kayinyelezele injakazi., amaphisi aphangelana ngokuyopha iso emidlwaneni.Inhlosoukuqoka imidlwane. NgesiZulu ukuqoka umdlwane ukubeka:...Reserving ofpups is called ukubeka inja(Nyembezi, 1974:55).lmidlwane ibekwa ukuze kwazeke ukuthi ngobani abanikazi bayo.Ibekwa ibalulwangemibala yayo. Imidlwane yezinkunzi ibekwa kuqala Izinkunzi zikhonzwe ngobaazinyelezeli. Ngamanye amazwi, akukho okuzehlisa amandla.Amasikazi anyamana rnbanangoba ayanyelezela. Ukunyelezela kunomphumela ongemuhle ernizirnbeni yawo:'" Urna selike lakhwelwa noma lanyelezelakabili, liyakhahlaka liwohloke. Kulithenaamandla kuliqede inkani.(Khumalo, 1994:21).Amandla enjakazi aphuma nemidlwane esuke iyinyelezelaUkunyelezela kwenza urnzimbawehluleke ukuqoqa amandla. Abasindwe zinyawo ekubekiseni izinkunzi, bakhalelaezinkomazini.Inkomazi uma isagcwele iyefana nenkunzi urna kuziwa ekuzingeleni.Izinkunzi eziningi izibeka ingqotha kungabi ndaba zalutho.56

4.2.2 Ukukbuliswa kwemidlwaneIphisi Iiyazi ukuthi indlela eqonde empumelelweni yinde.Ukubeka umdlwane ugcrneuwuthathe uye nawo kini, kuyisiqalo nendlela ende yokukhuliswa kwawo.Iphisi JisukeIihlalelwe ngumsebenzi wokulolonga umdlwane ukuze ube lugalagala ekuzingeleni laphousuyinja endala.Abazingeli bayazi ukuthi inja yokuzingela kumele ibe nornzimba omude.Njalo emva kokudla, umdlwane uyaxukuzwa.Ubanjwa ngemilenze yangemuva, ikhandaJibheke phansi bese uxukuzwaInhloso ukugwema ukuba ungabi mapaklaza ngesisu.Ukukhula kwawo umapaklaza ngesisu kungawenza ungabi yinja elungele ukusukela, ibambelZIIlyamazane.Ngenkathi umdlwane ukhula, uvame ukuhJaselwa isibungu. Sibangaphansi kolimi. Siyingoziuma singaqashelwe.Njengoba inja isebenzisa uJimi lapho idla, luba buhJungu uma sesibhilitile.Umdlwane awube usadla. Ugcina ngokufa. Sinqotshwa ngokuba sikhishwe.Sikhishwa ngumuntu okwaziyo ukusikhipha. Umdlwane uvulwa umlomo bese kuvundliswauthi oluqatha emlonyeni. Luthi lungavundla, kudonswe uJimi yikhona umkhiphi ezosikhipha.Kusetshenziswa insingo ebukhaJi. Kusikwa nje phezu kwaso, kuvuleke inyama. Sihlalaobala. Umkhiphi ufaka usungulo luvundle phansi kwawo bese eqebekula. Monyul Emvakokukhishwa kwesibungu, umnikazi womdlwane uqina idolo.Usuke esenethemba lokuthiinja yakhe izokhula ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.Esikhathini sanamuhJa abanye abafuyibezinja basebenzisa amaphilisi akhelwe ukubuJala isibungu.Lolu hJobo Iwamaphilisilutholakala ekhemisi.57

4.2.3 Ukuchithiswa kwezinjaYonke into eyenziwa ngumuntu phansi komthunzi welanga uyenza ngesizathu esithile.Ukuchithisa izinja kwenziwa ngenhloso ethile. Ukuchithisa izinja ukuzibhernisanokuzixhaphisa umuthi othile. Umuthi wokubhernisa ubizwa ngombherniso nomaumchithiso. Inhloso ukulola inzwa yokuhogela. Imvelaphi yezinja inomthelelaekubhenyisweni kwazo. Izinja zidabuka ohlotsheni lumbe lwekhanka. Amakhankaasebenzisa kakhulu amehlo kunamakhala lapho ezingela. Ngamafuphi, kudingekainyamazane ayibone kuqala anduba ayisukele.Amakbala awasebenzisa kakhuluekuxhumaneni.Ukuchithisa izinja kunezinyanga zakho.Kudinga umuntu onolwazi olunzulu ek-uthakwenikwamakhambi ukuze kuphume umbherniso obukhali.Ubukhali bombherniso benza izinjaezibhenyiswe wona zibe bukhali ekubambeni umkhondo.Umbherniso wenza izinja zibenogqozi lokuzinge1a. Inja echithiswe kahle ungayithola izingela yodwa ngale komniniyo.Umchithiso uhlukene imikhakha ernibili. Kukhona othakwa ngezihlahla ezithile. Kuphindekubekhona othakwa ngezinyamazane ezithile:IzihlahlaIzinyamazaneintshongweisibhahaumkhwangullTIplSIinseleinsimbaumUVl omncane58

(Mhlongo, 2000).Luyababazeka futhi luyatuseka ulwazi lwabantu abansundu emkhakheni wamakhambieSintu.Bheka nje izihlaWa ezisetshenzis\vayo ukuthaka umchithiso yilezo ezibabayo.Umuthi obabayo uyalishukumisa igazi.Njengoba lezi ziWaWa zishwaqa kumbe zibaba,kanjalo nenja echithiswe ngazo kumele ibabe ekuzingeleni. Umbhemiso othakwengeziWaWa ubhenyiswa izinja emakhaleni.Inja ivalwa umIomo bese umbhemiso ufakwaemakhaleni.Emkhakheni wezinyamazane ezithaka umchithiso kakuthakwa noma yiluphi uWobolwezinyamazane.KuWanganiswa izinyamazane ezinamandla, inkani, ubuWakani, inkuthalonobusomathuba Ufakwa ekudleni kwezinja.4.2.3.1 ImpisiImpisi yinyamazane edla inyama. Njengoba idla inyama nje kakungabazeki ukuthi ukuzingelayimpilo yayo. Impisi inamakhala abukhali. Ubukhali bamakhala buyilekelela ekutheni itholekalula lapho kungakhona ukudla.Lapho kuthakwa umchithiso, kusetshenziswa isikhumbasayo. Impisi kayigcini ngokuba namakhala abukhali, iphinde ibe namandla. Kanjalo nenjaechithiswe ngempisi kumele ibe namandla ukuze ikwazi ukushaya izinyamazane.59

4.2.3.2 InseleInsele inyamazane empofu ngokunsundu enemibala eshwezile emh10phe ngaphansi esiswini.Inolaka oluyingozi futhi iyisiphekeleli. Idume ngokuthanda izinyosi.Lapho kuthakwaumchithiso, kusetshenziswa isikhumba sayo kanye nethambo layo. Inja ichithiswa ngenseleyikhona izokhuthala ekuzingeleni futhi ingahIehli kalula ehlathini.Insele isiza ekukhipheniuvalo ergeni.4.2.3.3 InsimbaInsimba yinyamazane encanyana kodwa ebalulekile ekuthakeni umchithiso wezinja. Insimbaidalwe yaba yinyamazane ehlakaniphiIe. Isitho sensimba esithakwayo emchithisweniubuchopho. Ubuchopho buthakwa ngenxa yokuthi bungumthombo wenhlakanipho.Kanjalo nerga echithiswe ngensimba kumele ikhaliphe ngokomqondolapho izingela.Insimba kayibanjwa yinoma iyiphi inja:Umzingeli udinga izinja ezikhaliphengempela ukuze abambe insimba.(Gcumisa noNtombela, 1993:76)Imiqulathi yezinja yehluleka incame ukubamba insimba. Ithiywa ngomakadebona kuphela.60

4.2.3.4 UmuviUmuvi isinambuzane esindizayo. Sithi asifane nesiqandi. Umnyama ngombala. Zirnbiliizinhlobo zomuvi. Kukhona omkhulu nomncane. Lapho kuthakwa umchithiso,kusetshenziswa Iona omncane ovamise ukubonakala uphethe ibhungane. Lolu h1obo luvameukugijirna ngendle\a Luthanda ukuhamba phambi komuntu ohamba ngendlela. Injaebhenyiswe ngomuvi ibonakala ngezenzo. Sonke isikhathi mamba phambi komniniyo. Futhiibonakala ngokuhlala ithungatha ubala lapho ihamba khona.4.3 ~l\1ALUNGISELELOAMAFISHA.l'ffi4.3.1 Ukugaywa kotshwaJa4.3.1.1 Ukubaluleka kotshwala emcimbini yeSintuInqina ngumcimbi weSintu othinta abaphezulu nabaphansi.Irnvamisa abaphezulu umabephuma inqina bacela kwabaphansi. Basuke becela ukuvike1eka ezingozini ezinokubehlela.Lokhu kwambula ngokusobala ukuthi inqina izishaya uthingo Iwenkosazana Iona oluphuzaemifuleni emibili ngasikhathi sinye. Njengoba inqina ithinta umhlaba wabaphansi61

nowabaphezulu, kurnele kubekhona into egcina le rnihlaba ixhurnene.Abantu abanarneWoangeqiwa kalula yizenzeko zernfihlakalo yoMdali, bayiqonda karnhlophe irnfiWakalo yokuthiutshwala buyawuxhurnanisa urnWaba wabaphansi nowabaphezulu. Bheka njeukuxokozela kwebandla liphuza kuyabathokozisa abadala bornuzi. Yonke imicimbi yeSintuemiselwe esisekelweni senkolo yoMdabu kakulokothwa ithathwe bungekho utshwalabeSintu ngoba isuke ithinta abaphansi:Arnasiko eSintu asika ukuthi utshwalabuyadingeka njenge ngxenye yenkonzoyabadala abangasekho, arnadlozi.(Gumede, 1988:4).Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi urnuntu othatha inkonzo ethinta abaphansi bungekho utshwala udlalangegeja kuziliwe:IsiZulu sikwazisa kabi ukuthi lokho okhokhoababekwenza besekulo mhlaba, basakwenzanasemWabeni esebekuwona, kwelingafelwankonyane.(Khumalo, 1997: 140).Iqiniso lithi umsebenzi owellZlwe wachezuka endleleni eyaklanywa ngokhokho besadlaanWarnvana awuthi shu. Ngarnafuphi kawufiki lapho bekhona. Ukungabarnbisi ngendlelakudala ukuthi konke okwenziwayo kube yisinengiso emeWweni abaphansi.Ngakho-kekuyangabazeka ukuthi akwenzayo kwernukeleka kaWe kubo ngoba isethulo sabo basukebengasitholile.Inkolo yoMdabu iqinisa ukuthi utshwala beSintu bunobudlelwane obukhulu nabaphansi:62

·.. Kavmkho umsebenzi othinta abaleleowenziwa bungekho utshwala beSintu.(Zulu, 1999:14).Ngarnafuphi, inqina iyagayelwa ukuze ibusiseke kwabaphansi.Utshwala busiza ekutheniabazingeli bacime ukoma. Kuyavela ukuthi babephuza babuye nganeno. Lihlazo ukubonaumuntu eharnba eqhuba imbuzi ngenxa yokwehlulwa ukudla.4.3.1.2 UkucwilisaAbagayi botshwala baliqonda kahle iqiniso lokuthi lude ukhalo oluhanjwayo lapho kugaywautshwala besiZulu.Amabele nommbila yizitshalo ezidla ubhedu ekuphiseni utshwalabeSintu. Amabele nommbila kucwiliswa emanzini kwenziwe imithombo. Kuthathwaummbila, ufakwe embizeni yikhona uyocwiliswa. Lapho usutharnbile, uyakhishwa embizeni,ufakwe embizeni engenalutho. Imbiza iyarnbozwa yikhona ummbila uzomila ubeyimithombo. Uma imithombo isiqhume ngokwanele, iyakhishwa embizeni. Yenekwaelangeni ukuze yome. Amabele nawo acwiliswa njengombila ukuze kuphume imithombo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imithombo kayize ingafana indlela emile ngayo. Kukhonaeyephucwa isathe nje mfe. Kubekhona futhi emadevu ekati. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthinamuhla kabasebaningi abantu abazicwilisela imithombo uma bezogaya utshwala.Imbangela yikuthi sekukhona imithombo ethengwa ezitolo isilungele ukusetshenziswa.Imithombo yommbila idla ubhedu uma iqhathaniswa neyarnabele.Isizathu yikuthi utshwalabemithombo yommbila buyaphuza ukuguga.Obemithornbo yarnabele buyashesha63

ukuhIambuluka. Ithi ingoma imithombo, igaywe etsheni. Esikhathini sanamuhla abanyeabantu bayigaya ngemishini yokugaya ummbila.4.3.1.3 Ukugqakaza nokubukezaUkugqakaza ngumsebanzi odinga amandla nesineke kulowo owenzayo.Kuthathwaummbila ikakhulukazi ozibozi. Ucwi1iswa usuku lube lunye bese ukhishwa. Uxutshwanemithombo usemanzi, ugaywe, kwenziwe inh1ama.InhIama igaywa abesimame etshenilokugaya.Abesimame kumele babe msulwa kwazise utshwala ngukudla okukha1elainhlanzeko egcwe1e.Abancelisayo, abasemzimbeni nabahlabile kabakulungele ukuphathaukudla kwamadoda Izinyanya kaziyithandi into enesici ngoba zona kazinasiciUkuphathwa kokudla kwazo ngumuntu onesici kuzenza zidube.inhlanzeko kumele iqikekelwe lapho umuntu ezophatha ukudla.Lokhu kugqamisa ukuthiKuyavela ukuthi inh1amayokuqala iphuma igqakazekile.Ubudedengu obubi kabi ukupheka utshwala ngenhlamaegqakazekile. Kunika isithombe esingesih1e ngomuntu obugayile. Kungasho ukuthi uIivila.Futhi kungasho ukuthi kabahloniphi abantu abagaye1a utshwala.Buba bubi utshwalabenhlama egqakaziwe yangacoyiswa. Ubumtoti nomsoco busala emmbileni nasemithonjeni.Inh1ama iyabukezwa ukuze ikhiphe ingovu uqobo Iwayo.4.3.1.4 UkufudumezelaInh1ama esibukezwe kah1e ithelwa embizeni yotshwala.Kuthelwa amanzi abilayo. Inh1osoukushisa imithombo. Uma imithombo ingashanga kaWe, utshwala buba nephunga64

elingelible. Hhi ingacweba inh1ama, kucwengwe amanzi. Kufakwa imithombo ukuzeinhlama ibile. Inhlama igovuzwa ngesikhulu isineke ukuze imithombo ifinyelele kuyo yonkeindawo embizeni.Kuvela ukuthi namuhla kakusandile ukugqakaza nokubukeza lapho kugaywa utshwala.Abagayi botshwala baqala esigabeni sokufudumezelaIzithako zokubugaya sezitholakalaezitolo sezilungele ukusetshenziswa. Impuphu ithengwa ezitolo nernithombo futhingokunjalo.4.3.1.5 UkupbekaNgakusasa kuphekwa inhlama ebifudunyezelwe ngayizolo. Kubiliswa amanzi ngamabhodweamakhulu. Athi angabila kuthelwe inhlama. Kuyagovuzwa kuze kube isijingi siqalaukuxhwatha.Umncindo uthi ungaphela ingwebu, ukhishelwe ezimbizeni nasezinkambeni.Abapheki kabawukhiphi uphele nya umncindo ebhodweni.Basuke benzela ukuhlabelela.Ukuhlabelela ukuthela inh1ama yotshwala phezu kornncindo oxhwathayo ebhodweni.Inhloso yokuhlabelela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi wonke urnncindo uvuthwa ngendlela elinganayo.Utshwala obugaywe ngornncindo ohlatshelelwe bungena ngokushesha egazini lalowoobuphuzile. Ngamanye amazwi budakana ngokukhulu ukushesha.Umncindo uphole1a ezinkambeni nasezimbizeni.Enye ingxenye yornncindo, ipholiswamasinyane. Inhloso yikuba kuvutshelwe isixubo. Isixubo senzelwa ukuthelwa etshwaleniukuze busheshe bubile.65

4.3.1.6 UkuvubelaKuyaqikelelwa ukuthi umeindo upholiswe anduba uvutshelwe.Buba muneu utshwalaobuvutshelwe umneindo ungaqedile ukuphola.Utswala obumuneu kabuphuzwa ffiuntu.Behlula ngisho amahabulankezo oqobo.Othuke ezithela okhambeni Iwabo, kaphindeliokwesibili. Kakwehlukene nokukhonga ukugula ukuphuza utshwala oburnuneu. Umneindokuhle uphole kahle ukuze kuphume inkankatho yoqobo.Ukuvubela kukhalela ihloeliqaphelisisayo ukuze kungenzeki amaphutha.Kuyaqikekelwa ukuthi imithombo ekhonaiyakwazi ukuvubela utshwala ngendlela egculisayo.Ngamafuphi, ubungako bomncindobulawula ubungako bemithombo edingekayo. Kabunambitheki utshwala obukhalelaimithombo. Bubalula. Iso eliqaphelayo liyabona uma imithombo ingenele bese iyenezelwa.Ukuvubela kudinga umuntu onesandla esibilisayo. Isandla yisona asisebenzisayoukuhlanganisa kahle umncindo nemithombo avubela ngayo. Zonke izigaxa ezinokubakhonauzicuba ngesineke aze aziqede.Umvubeli onesandla esihle obuvutshelwe nguye bubuyanengalo. Kusa buphihla ingwebu isimboze izimbiza zingasabonakali umbala wazo.Ngamanye amazwi,utshwala obuvutshelwe ngumuntu obilisayo kabusikhaleli isixubosokubukhuphula. Ukuphihla kwabo luphawu olukhomba ukuthi kOnke kuhamba kahle.Utshwala buyabikwa kwabadaIa. Bubikwa ngomvakwembiza. Umvakwembiza ukhambaoluncane olugcwaliswa emva kokuvubela bese lubekwa emva kwezimbiza. Kuyavela ukuthikukhulunywa kulolu khamba kuphela hhayi kubo bonke utshwala.Lolu khamba lubekwangenhloso:66

Luphethe ngqo isethulo sabaninimuzi.(Khumalo, 1997: 162).Ukungabikhona kwalo kuyingozi.Kuvela ukuthi abadala bayadinwa uma befika singekhoisethulo sabo emva kwezimbiza. Ukukhombisa intukuthelo, bazengama ngesithunzi izimbizazotshwala. Buyadliwa utshwala obenganywe isithunzi sabantu abadala. Ukwenzakwabadala kuzishaya sambuzo othi, kwenziwa yini ukuba bangethulelwa emzini wabo na?Ukhamba lwabadala luphuzwa ekugcineni. Luphuzwa ngamaxhegu nezalukazizasekhayakuphe1a. Umuntu wangaphandle kanikezwa nhlobo. Uma ekhaya kungekho muntuonokuluphuza lolu khamba, luchithwa esibayeni sezinkomo.Isibaya silithempeli okuhlalakulo amakhehla ekhaya. Ukubuchitha esibayeni kakuxabani nabadala ngoba vele buthelweendaweni yabo ngoba bungobabo.4.3.1.7 Ukukhanywa kotsbwaIaUkukhama kuzishaya isiqonga sokuphothula umsebenzi onzuna wokugaya utshwala.Utshwala budinga ukuqashwa kuhle kwembiza epheke ubisi. Indlela obubila ngayo ibhekwabuqala ukubila kuze kube buyahluzwa.Utshwala bubila buze buqede anduba buhluzwe.InzaIabantu ikugwema ngazo zonke izindle1aukuhluza utshwala bungaqedile ukubila.Bubalula utshwala obephucwe bungakaqedi. Ubulula babo budalwa yikuthi umsoco nesigqikawuphumanga ezinsisheni.Ukwephuca utshwala kufana ncamashi nokwenyula ibhodwelingakavuthwa. Elinyeiqiniso lithi kakufanele utshwala bubile kuze kweqe bungahluziwe.67

Vkubila kuze kweqe kubenza budliwe zinsipho. Ngamafuphi bulahIa isigqi sokuba utshwalaobumtoti.Inzalabantu iyazi ukuthi ingwebu inendaba eyixoxayo. Ukukhuphuka kwayo ize izophumangomlomo wembiza Iuphawu lokuvuthwa kotshwala.Kuyavela ukuthi inzwa yokubonaiyodwa kayeneIe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utshwala sebulungele ukuhluzwa.UmhIuzi kumeleabuzwe emlonyeni ukuze athole isiqiniseko esiphelele.Inzwa yokunambitha nayo ibambaiqhaza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi utshwala buvuthwe ngempela.Lokhu kubiza ukuba umhIuzikube ngumuntu obaziyo utshwala ukuze angahIuzeli abantu igwele lefumuka Ukuvumelanakwenzwa yokubona neyokunambitha yisiqiniseko sokuthi utshwala sebungahIuzwa.Buhluzwa ngehluzo. UmhIuzi kumele kube ngumuntu onesineke namandla. Kukhumukaiziphanga umhIuzi eshukuzana nevovo.Ngesineke esikhulu umhIuzi wenza umsebenziwakhe aze awuqede.4.3.1.8 Izikhali zokuzingelaUmzingeli uyazi ukuthi ukuhlabana kwakhe enqineni kwencike ezikhalini aziphethe.Umkhonto isikhali sokuzingeIa esingaconsi phansi ohlangeni oIunsundu. lngculangumkhonto odla ubhedu ekuzingeleni.lngcu1a inokudla okuncane okuphiselwe othinioIude. Uthi Iwenziwe Iwaba lude ukuze ihambe ibanga elide urna icitshwa. Imikhontoyokuzingela iphucuzwa emlalazini yikhona kuzosuka ukuthornba. Leyo ephecekile,iyacangcathwa iqonde bese ilolwa kah1e. Kuqina idolo kumzingeli esebona imikhonto yakheirnenyezela kuhle kokhethe olusha, sha!68

Kuyavela futhi ukuthi izagila nazo ziyizikhali ezimqoka ekuzingeleni.lsagila sisethenziswakakhulu ekujikijeleni izinyamazane.lsagila sokuzingela sinomphini omfishane nekhandaelithi alibe likhulu ngokulingene.Ubufishane bomphini benza kube lula ukujikejela ngaso.Urnzingeli ukhetha lezo acabanga ukuthi ziyomnika umphumela omuhle enqineni.Esikhathini sanamuhla isibhamu naso sidla ubhedu kubazingeli. Ukusetshenziswakwesibhamu ekuzingeleni kufike nabelungu e-Afiika.Kuphawuleka ukuthi imvamisakusetshenziswa izinhIobo ezimbili zezibhamu ekuzingeleni. Isibhamu sohlwayi nesohlamvu.Isibhamu sohlamvu kuba yilesi esikhipha inh1amvu eyodwa ngesikhathi.Kuyavela ukuthilesi sikhali siphathwa ngaphansi kombandela othile.Umthetho wezwe uthi umnikaziwesibhamu makabe nemvume echazayo ukuthi singesakhe ngokusemthethweni.Untuluntulu kawusetsbenziswa ekuzingeleni. Umthetho kabulumeni ophethe izwekawuvumi ukuba lolu h1obo lwesibhamu luphathwe yinoma ngubani. Luphathwangabezokuphepha nokuvikeleka kuphela. Izibhamu zilungiswa ngobunono bekati.Imibhobho igcotshwa ngemithi esusa ukuthomba ensimbini.Zipholishwa zicwebezele.Izinhlamvu nohlwayi kuyabhekwa ukuthi kwanele yini. Kuyenezelwa uma kungenele.4.3.1.9 Izikhungo zokuzingelaIzikhungo ezizozingelwa ziyaxoxwa anduba inqina igasele.Zihlelwa ngononina, kwazekeukuthi inqina iyoqaIa kusiphi igcine ngasiphi.Abazingeli bayazikhetha izikhungo abazingelakuzo. Bakhetha lezo ezinezinyamazane abazidingayo. Izikhungo ezinobungozi zigwenywangayo yonke indlela. Izikhungo ezifana nezixhobo zingezinye kwezigwenjwa ngabazingeli.69

Izixhobo zilikbaya lezimbila nemidlambila.Imidlambila izinyoka ezinekhanda elifananelembiJa. Zinesihlungu esibukhali kabi.Kuyavela ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye lwenyamazane luthanda ukuhlala endaweni ehlukilekweyolunye uhlobo.Kuyenzeka futhi ukuthi izinyamazane zohlobo olungefani zihlalendawonye.Lokhu kubiza ukuba abazingeli babe nolwazi olunzulu ngezinyamazaneabazizingelayo.Ukucobelelana ngamaqhinga okugasela isikhungo ngasinye kudingekile.Isikhungo sezinyathi kunzima ukusigasela. Izinyathi zihamba zibe ngumhlambi. Zinamandlaesabekayo. Zinolaka olubi. Okukhulu ngazo zinamakhala abukhali. Ubukhali bamakhalabenza kubenzima ukuzihlasela ngoba isitha zisizwa sisekube, siqambe siyafika sizichomakurnalunda.. Kuqashelwa umoya ukuthi uya ngaphi uma kuhlaselwa izinyathi. Kuvela ukuthiabazingeli baziqhamukela ngalapho kuya ngakhona umoya ukuze zingasheshi zibezwengephunga.Inyathi idinga ukuhlatshwa enxebeni ife, kungenjalo, iqeda abantu isifuthelwalinxeba. Isikhungo sezingulube naso sigaselwa ngeqhinga. Ziyingozi. Umuntu zimphulaimilenze ngamazinyokazi.Abazingeli bayaqinisekisa ukuthi imithi eqinile ikhona yiniesikhungweni. Imithi isiza ekutheni urna sekukubi, indoda inornbele phezulu ukuze iphephe.70

ISAHLUKO SESIHLANU5.0 INQUBO YOKUZINGELA5.1 ISETHULOUcwaningo kulesi sahluko lubheka inqina kusukela osukwini olwandulela ukuphuma kwayokuya ekubuyeni kwayo. Umuntu oyiqonda kahle inqina ulithela umquba elokuthi leli bangalicacisa bha ukuthi inqina iyini.AbazingeIi basuke bekhiphelana ubungcweti ngokwezinjazabo nangamakhono abo obungoti bokukhomba izinyamazane.Ubumdlalo benqina nabobubhekwa kanzu\u ngokwezinja, ngokwezinyamazane, ngokwamaphisi nangokubongela1ZlDJa.Impumelelo yabazingeli ilele ekubambisaneni okubuswa livuso lokwazi ukuthi inhlanganoingamaiJdla:Collaboration is one ofthe greatest strengths ofthe human race.(Ingpen noWIl.kin.son, 1994: 115).Ukungabambisani kusho uqhekeko. Uqhekeko lungumfula osuka emthonjeniwokurrgabambisani kwabantu ngokomoya nangengqondo ezintweni abazenzayo.Izintoezenziwa kungabanjiswene kazivami ukuba yimpumelelo.Ngamafuphi, ukubambisanaokuphelele kuzala impumelelo engenasici.Imikhutshana eqondene nokuzingela kwenqina71

nayo ibhekwa kabanzi. Inhloso yikunikeza isithombe esiyiso ngobunjalo benqinakokwenganyelwa kwayo.5.2 UKUTHETHWA KWENQINANgosuku olwandulela ukuphuma kwenqina, abazingeli baba matasa, behlunga izikha1iabazoziphatha ngomuso:Every hunter makes ready his weaponsbefore setting off(Ingpen noWI1kinson, 1994: 118).Lokhu kwambula ngokusobala ukuthi nobani nobani ukhetha ikhethelo lokuyohlabana.Angelokothe axhake isiphunzana somkhontshwana obuthuntu ethi ubheke ukuhlabana funa,athi uyaciba noma uyaphisela, kugunguluze phezulu.lokuhlabana ngabaphethe ingcula enungu yengungumbane.Ngaleyo ndlela adlelwe ithubaUkuphosa ayihlabe inyamavmengenxa yomkhonto obuthuntu kumthela ngehlazo. Ubukeka eyisahluleki ekuhleleni,alungise izikhali zakhe ngendlela. Ukugwema ukuphoxeka, uxhaka imihlabahlosoyezingcula ezikudla kuxhopha amehlo.Njengayo yonke imikhosi yeSintu, inqina nayo ikhalela ukuziphatha okuthilekwabayiphumayo:...Mhla kuzosa kuba inqina honke abesilisabernizi ngemizi balala ndlininye.(Msimang, 1975: 106).72

Lokhu kufana ncamashi nokungena esiguqweni.Phansi komthunzi welanga umuntu ukeenze izinto ngoba ephoqwa izizathu zimbe.Ngamanye amazwi, izizathu ziyimbangelayezinto ezenziwa ngumuntu.Sizathu sini esenza amadoda alale ndIininye ngobusukuobandulela ukuphuma kwenqina?Kuvela ukuthi alala ndawonye ngenhIoso yokukhothwangamadlozi. Isibusiso sabaphansi ayasidinga ukuze indIela yawo izoba yinhIe. AbaphansibanamandIa okuphebeza imishophi efuna ukwehIela abaphezulu. Kuyavela futhi ukuthi alalandawonye ukuze kuthonyeke izinyamazane, ziqoqane ndawonye.Alala ngaluhIangothiIunye ukuthonya izinyamanme zingasheshi zivuke.Ngosuku Iwenqina abazingeIi babingelelana ngendlela yasenqineni:obingelelayoovumayo: amehIo enyamazane,: amehIo ayo.(Msimang, 1975: 107).Kuvusa umbuzo ukubingelelana kwabazingeIi ngamehIo enyamazane zikhona ezinye izitho.Amehio isitho esimqoka empilweni yenyamazane.Ayisiza ekuboneni izitha zayo beseibaleka ukuze iphephe.Kuvela ukuthi amehIo bawakhetha ngenhIoso yokuzithonyazingasheshi zibabone yikhona bezozigwaza kalula.Iqiniso eIiqanda ikhanda Iithi, uZulu lapho ethatha uhambo, kaphumi ekhayaengakhulekanga. Ukwenza kukazulu kufana ncamashi nokwenza kwamaKrestu.Amakholwa angazenzisi awalokothi aphume ekhaya engacelanga eNkosini ukubaiwakhanyisele endleleni ayithathayo futhi iwahIenge ezingozini.Kanjalo-ke nabazingelibaYakhuleka lapho bephuma inqina Bakhuleka ngendlela yeSintu. Umkhuleko uphathwa73

ngesizotha yinhloko yomuZl.Uthathelwa ethempelini elifanele okuyisibaya sezinkomo.Isibaya siyindawo okuhlala kuyo izindalabantu zekhaya esezalala.Ingqikithi yomkhulekokuba ngukucela izinyanya zibheke abazingeli bangalimali enqineni.Inqina iphuma ngehubo lokuzingela esibayeni:Inqina imenywe ngubani?Hheshe!Imenywe ngubani?Siyakubona saqu senqinaYaze yaguqa ngomkhont' inyamazane.Hheshe!Phambana weNdlovu.Siyakubona saqu senqina.(Zulu, 2000).Kuyavela ukuthi uhlanga olunsundu luyakholelwa futhi luyawethemba amandla emithiyeSintu. Inqina ichelwa ngentelezi ukuze iqine futhi iqungeke isibindi. Isimame nasosibamba iqhaza elimqoka ekuqinisweni kwenqina. Siyithela ngezinsipho zotshwalaezinyaweni. Ukuthelwa kwenqina ngezinsipho kunenhloso ejulile:Izinsipho zotshwala zinephunga elikhonzwengabaphansi. Njengoba inqina ithelwa ngazonje, kwenzelwa ukuba iZinyandezulu zisondele.Ukusondela kweZinyandezulu kusho ukunqobakwabazingeli kwazise zinamandla okunqobaingozi. Ziyabasingatha, zibaphelezelenokungaphezu kokuqonda kwabo.(Zulu, 1999:39).Urnxhaka ukhukhula uqonde esigxeni uyodibana neminye imixhaka.Umthonga uyididiyelaqede ayihlele izigaba ezintathu.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umthonga lapho ephaka inqinausebenzisa umuntu oyisinamba futhi olala abole.Inhloso ukuthonya izinyamazane zingabi7~

nejubane futhi zephuze ukwethuka. Ngarnanye amazwi ziyaboshwa. Lowo oqokelweukuphakwa kwenqina, uguqa ngamadolo, anqumise utshani emlonyeni obunye ubuphathangezandla Ukhalisa okwenyamazane. Me! Bonke abazingeli bathi: ji! Ulahla phansiutshani abuphethe bese iqembu neqembu lithatha indawo yalo:... Throwing one bunch ofgrass towardsthe party forming the right wing, and theother bunch towards the left wing. Finally,the chest also move off(Bryant, 1949:684).UCele, (1973: Ill) uphawula kanjena... Ukuba ifike esikhungweni sokuqalaihlale phansi ayiphake umthonga. Ususaamaphisi kuqala abehamba eyoklebhukakahle obala ukuze angalimazi abantungezinh1amvu. Bese esusa amabuthoarnancane abezimpondo, atshelwe kahlelapho eyohlangana khona.Izimpondo zibanjwa ngabazingeli abaselula futhi abanejubane. Isifuba sibanjwa ngabazingeliasebeqinile. Inqina izingela sakukaka isikhungo sezinyamazane. Kuyavela ukuthiizinyamazane ezivuka zibheke emuva abezibhamu kabazishayi.Besaba ukuthi izinhlamvuzingasuke zishaye abanye abazingeli.Zishaywa yisifuba ngoba yiso esibeke1we umgomowokuzishaya.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abarnnyarna banezinkolelo abakholelwa kuzo.Ukubonakalakwezilwane zimbe nezinyoni zimbe bakuthatha njengophawu Iwenhlanhla noma lwebhadi.Ukunqamula phambi kwenqina kukachakide uthwele umsila luphawu lweshwa.Kuvelaukuthi uyashipha. Isishiphi yiso esibanga ibhadi. Ibhoyi lithathwa njengenyoni yenhlanhla.75

Ukugiya kwalo phambi komuntu luphawu Iwenhlanhla.Buyangabazeka ubuqiniso bokuthiishwa nenhlanhla umuntu ukuthola ngenxa yezilwane zimbe azibone zinqamula phambikwakhe.Emakhaya abazingeli zonke izindlu zivulwa gengelezi.Ukuzivala kufiphaza inhlanhlayabazingeli. Kubenza bahlulwe yizinyamazane. Izindlu kazishanelwa. Kuzilwa umshanelo.Ngenkathi inqina ichelwa ngentelezi, kusetshenziswa WOlla.Inkolo yeSintu iqinisa ukuthiuma uthintwa funa intelezi ingasebenzi kahle.Intelezi ingenza abazingeli baxabane bodwa.Emakhaya asaphethe isiZulu iyathethiswa ingane edlala ngomshanelo.Bakholwa yikuthiukunyakaziswa kwawo ngale kwesizathu kudala ingxabano ekhaya.Emalawini abazingelikumiswa amacansi abo. Eyanyiswa odongeni. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuba baqine bangalimali.5.3 UBUMDLALO BENQINA5.3.1 NgokwezinjaInqina ngumdlalo odlalwa ngezindlela eziningi. Butholaka1a ngisho ngokwezinja. lsasasaenqineni liqutshulwa iInpikiswano yabazingeli. Baphikisana ngokuthi yiliphi ichalaha elibekaamanye ingqotha. Ukuphikisana kuphela enqineni. Bacelana inselelo yikhona kuzophelaukuthandabuza ngenkunzi ezinkunzini. Ngosuku Iwenqina izinja kazinikwa ukudla.Kwenzelwa ukuba zigijiIne kahle zingasindwa yizisu.Kuvela ukuthi ezinye izinja ziyabanjwa lapho kuzingelwa:76

Zithungatha, zithungathe nje ezinye, kukhonaezihleli lapha eketangweni. Ngisho isivuka,ivuka kuyona, iyothi iyasuka amagoso, ayithingqi umniniyo.(Khumalo, 1994 ;23).Ukubanjwa kwenja kucacisa ukuthi umniniyo usuke eyifuthelanisa. Ifuthelaniswa ukuze ibenolaka ikhalele igazi lenyamazane. Kudedelwa izimaku kube yizo ezithungatha urnkhondo.Ziwuthungatha ziwuthole. Zikukhipha obala Lutho ukudedelwa lena eboshwe ngomchilo.lthukuthela ife. Phinde umniniyo ukuba ayidedele. Ulinde ithuba elikahle lokuba ayidedele.Lapho idedelwa khona, kusuka amaphepha. Unyazi uqobo lwalo. Iphosa kabili kathathuiyishaye umshubo inyamazane. Me! UhIobo olunjena lwenja kalukhathali noma ngabekuvuka nhloboni yenyamazane kwezincane. Luyibhaklaza kuphele izikweletu. Intenetshaiyibamba yeqa amagqanqu oqaqeni kungabi ndaba zalutho. Iphosakundiza livelelwa yindabauma like lafika kwamhlaba. Ilinwebula ngokuphazima kweso. Kuyavela ukuthiiphosakundiza liyingozi enjeni engalazi.Linornkhuba wokulala ngomhlane uma injaisilificile. Lenzela ukuyigqabula uqhoqhoqho uma ithi iyalibamba. Umakade ebona wenjauIeqa ngaphezulu, licabange ukuthi wedluWe kanti lutho. Lithi liyavuka, ngqi! Ichalahaloqobo kalenqeni ukuphoseka obhalwini, liphume nakho okuyintibane. Intshintshongumsobo. Liyibhaklaza ikhalise okwesinyamu ngisho igabaze ngezimpondo.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwenye inkathi ubungqongqoshe bechalaha limbe bulenzalenzelelwe. Kuthi kungelona elidle umhlanganiso kuthiwe yilo. Ukwenzelelwa kwezinjakwenzeka lapho izinja zibambe inyamazane kungekho muntu obonayo.IsiZulu sithi77

iyobanjwa ngeshone nayo. Kuyavela ukuthi kuyenzeka ishone nayo kodwa ibanjwe ngenye.Ngamafuphi ukusithela nayo kakusikhona ukuyibamba. Ekugcineni liyavela iqiniso:Liyoba lodwa zwi eliyoba yisithutha inyamazaneivuke kuyo, ithi isiyibhince kukubi kwacebelele kwangcedeomhlophe, kungekho ngisho esokubika isihJahla,liphurne phakathi kwazo... " ...Lizidabule kubuka noma ubani, liyidubule.(Khurnalo, 1994:26).Beswela umgodi wokucasha abavame ukudlela ezinye izinja.5.3.2 NgokwezinyamazaneLapho kubhekisiswa ubumdlalo bezinyamazane enqineni kuve1a ukuthi ziningi ezinomdlalo.Izi.nyamazane zidlalisela ngejubane ezilikhiphayo ukuze ziziphephise ezinjeni.Impunziingumpetha womdlalo. Impunzi ivuka maqede kusuke amaphepha. Imandla kakhulu umaibheke ezansi. Yeluleka kube sengathi kayisathinti phansi. Kuyave!a futhi ukuthi impunziinakho ukushintshashintsha indlela yokugijima.Lapho iqombola umqansa, iyayishintshaindlela yokugijima. 19ijima sakugxuma:Gxugxu! Gxugxu! Gxugxu!(Khumalo, 199425).Ukugxumagxurna kwayo lapho igijima kuphethe ukudida umkhondoUkushintsha kwayoindlela yokugijima kunikeza isithombe sokuthi isuke isijubalala okokuphela. Intaba iyiqophangokuphazima kweso. Impunzi iyavalelisa lapho isikhipha elokugcina ijubane. Iphakamisaisibhelu:Gxugxu! Gxugxu! Gxugxu!Ithintithe isibhelu qede ithi:78

Bha~bha~!Inwebail~uqobolwayo.(Khumalo, 1994:25).Kuyavela ukuthi ingulube yehlathi nayo ingumpetha womdlalo.Ingulube ka~dle ngajubaneelitheni. Idle ngenkani. Kuphenyeka ifuku lapho ivuka Ivuka maqede ithi qunsa qunsaime. Ilinde okuzithelayo ikuchithe amathumbu ngamazinyo. Ngamaphisi anesibindi kuphelaadedela izinja zawo zijahe ingulube yehlathi. Izinja ezihlomekayo izivondloza kungabi ndabazalutho. Umdlalo ubonakala kahle lapho izinja ziyihhohha. Ishaya intingi, iphosa izinja.Lapho ithole udonga okungenalutho olunoku~qhamukelangemuva, iqona kuhle kwenjaesithumbanjeni. Okuyinja okuhlomekayo kuzwakala ngo: Kle! Kuyavela ukuthi izinjazizodwa kazikwazi ukubulala ingulube yehlathi.Ingulube ngumpetha wenkani nobuqhwaga kanti unogwaja ungumpetha ekusetshenziswenikwengqondo. Kuphela ukwesasa emaphisini lapho kuvuka ungogwaja. Abazingeliababuqonda kahle ubuqili bukanogwaja kabizivumeli izinja zabo ziwujahe:Amaphisi amaningi azinika zonkeizinyamazane izinja zawo, kodwa umasekuza kunogwaja ozikhundlakhundla,awalokothi.(Khumalo, 1994:24).Ukwesatshwa kukanogwaja ngamaphisi kucacisa ngokusobala ukuthi UymgOZl eZInJeru.Unogwaja unorukhuba wokuphoseka ngapha nangapha uma ugijima.Inja ehlomekayoyephuka iphele. Unogwaja kawenqeni ukuqonda ngqo esihlahleni. Inja ithi iyawubamba79

umane uthi qhwi. Klel Inja isuke isizimuhluze emthini. Unogwaja ubanjwa yinjaenobuchule kuphela Umqulathi uvoveka uphele inkani lapho uzama ukubamba unogwaja.Kuyavela futhi ukuthi iwule nalo Iingumpetha oqavile ekudlaliseleni.ivuka ijubalale. Ijubalala nje ishiya inkomazi nesinyamu esikhundleni.Intshintsho yewuleKuqapheleka ukuthiisuke idukisa umkhondo.Abazingeli bakuqonda kahle ukuthi isuke ishiye inkomazinesinyamu esikhundleni. Bayijaha ngezinja baze bayichithe.Babuya bathungathe inkomazilapho kuvuke khona intshintsho. Isenzo sentshintsho yewule sokuvikela umndenisiyancomeka. Ikuqonda kahle ukuthi kusemahlombe ayo ukuphepha komndeni.Iqhina nalo liyabalwa phakathi kwezinyamazane ezithatha amehlo ngokudlalisela.Ligijimalikekele lapho lijabwa izinja Ukukekela kweqhina kwenza izinja ezilijabayo zigcine zishayeulayini. Iqhina likekela ngenhloso:Lifuna ukuba zingabi yuchibidolo nje umazililandela, kepha libhekane nenja eyodwaelibhince ezithendeni, bese libukisa ngayo,iphele inkani.(Khumalo, 1994:25)Lijabula life lapho sezishaye ulayini.Lishaya indilinga, izinja zishayane ngamakhanda kubeyinqaba Zibonakala ngombala izinja ezike zahlangabezana neqhina. Ziyephuka ezinyeziyenyela Inja ebuqonda kahle ubuqili beqhina kayingeni emgqeni. Iqonda ngqo kulongoba iyazi ukuthi likekela nje liyabuya lizophambana nezinja.Ngamafuphi nje, iqhinalishiya izinkubela uma lijahwa yizinja ezihlomekayo.80

5.3.3 NgokwamaphisiKuyavela ukuthi amaphisi nawo ayadlala enqmern.ngenhloso yokubona ukuthi yiliphi elinembayoUmdlalo wawo ungukuncintisana. .ezmyamazanern.Ukwentshathaizinyamazane ezimbili abanye bebuya ngezandla kulithe1a ngodumo iphisi e1ih1abene.Arnaphisi acelana inselelo ukuze kubonakale ukuthi yiliphi elibeka amanye ingqotha.Umdlalo wamaphisi udlalwa ngesagila, umkhonto nesibhamu.Ngesagi1a iphisi liyajikijela.Ngomkhonto liyaciba. Ngesibhamu liyadubula.Iphisi liyazi ukuthi lapho livusa inyamazane kumele liyinembe iwe phansi, kungenjaloiyemuke1a bese kufakazeleka ukuthi kayihlatshwa mvusi, ihlatshwa ngabaphambili.Liyahlonishwa iphisi elingabeki phansi ngomkhonto. Iphisi loqobo liyihlaba igijirna kungabindaba zalutho. Kulichoma uphaphe iphisi ukukwazi ukudlala ngomkhonto ledlule amanyengenani lezinyamazane elizihlabile.Kuvela ukuthi kuhle iphisi liyihlabe isathi iyavukainyamazane ukuze ibe nenyama emtoti. Ukugijima kwenza igazi lidungeke.Iduma inyamayenyamazane ehlatshwe isigijirne kakhulu.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi omunye umdlalo wamaphisi enqineni utholakala ekudubuleningesibhamu. Kukhishe1wana ubuchwepheshe. Inkombi yephisi eyayo inhlambu kayiweliphansi. Ihlala enyamazaneni kuphele izikweletu. Kuyave1a ukuthi namuhla ukuzingelaizinyamazane ngezibhamu kungumdla10 ogunyazwe nguhulumeni ophethe izwe.Izinkombizoqobo zizuza imigqomo yezindebe uma kunomqhudelwano wokuzinge1a.81

Kuyavela ukuthi kwenye inkathi ukudlaiisela ngokuhlabana kudala ukuba amanye amaphisiabe budedengu. Umhawu wokulangazelela udumo lokuhlabana uke ulivaie ingqondo iphisi,ligcine lizifake engoZInl. Ukuzingela izinyathi kufana ncamashi nokuzibizela ukufa.Izinyathi zinonya olubi kanti ukuzingela kuyingozi:Hunting them is dangerous sport.(Tyler,1971:73).Ukuba yingozi kwenyathi kubiza ukuba iphisi liqaphele. Iphisi elihlomekayo ilihlaba, ilidovengamasondo ishoba lilaie amazolo.Inyathi idinga iphisi elazi inxeba ukuze liyihlabeumshubo.5.3.4 Ngokubongela ichalahaUbumdlaio enqineni buyatholakaia ngokubongela ichaiaba.Ichaiaha libongelwa ngenhlosoyokulikhuthaza ligijime ngomfutho yikhona lizoyishaya inyamazane eliyijahayo.Kuyavelaukuthi inyamazane ivuka maqede umnikazi wechaiaha athi: Sa! Sa! Nakhuya! Khwela!Lisuka izithonto, liphosa inyamazane. Liyiphosa kuthule umoya. Kuba sengathikalisanyatheli phansi.Ubona ngezidladla zangaphambili zilunguza phakathi kwemilenzeyangemuva ukuthi kubi. Likhaiela manje, Awu awu! Lisho ngengila iphisi lithi: Kuyinilokhuya? Wongibhekela wena osesikhaleni sebomvu! Ngokuphazima kweso lijikijelaliyishaye inyamazane. Bhalda! Me! Yadla! Wadla umhlophe! Wadla umhlophe odlai1anga! Wadla ungasaqali!82

Kuyavela ukuthi arnachalaha abongelwa ebizwa ngemibala yawo.ehunqu; ebhidi; emhlophe; emseka; ensele; urnthini nempofu.Imibala yezinja yilena:Imibala kuba sengathingarnagama awo kanti cha. Abizwa ngemibala kanjena:ihunqu; ibhidi; umhlophe;umseka;insele ne-mpofu.Imibala isiza ukubalula ichalaha limbe phakathi kwarnanye amachalaha.Amachalaha ake aphose inyarnazane kuthule urnoya.Ayiphosa kube nzima kumaphisiukuqagula ichalaha elizoyishaya.Amaphisi agcina aziduduze ngokuthi iyobanjwa nesithelenayo. Lisho ngengila iphisi lithi: Wongibhekela! Liqondise kunoma ngubani oyobanenblanhla, abone ingcino phakathi kwenyamazane namachalaha.5.4 IMIKHUTSHANA EQONDENE NOKUZINGELA KWENQINA5.4.1 UkuxwayisanaInqina ngurncimbi odinga ubarnbiswano nozwano olungenaburnbulu.Ehlathini kukhonaizingozi okungelula abazingeli bazibone kanye kanye.Ngumkhuba wenqina ukuthi iphisielibona ingozi kuqala lexwayise arnanye.Kusemqoka ukuba urnzingeli aqaphele ehlathini.Ukuxwayisana kwabazigeli kulawulwa lulimi abalusebenzisayo.Abazingeli basebenzisaulimi olubhinqayo. Lokhu bakwenzela ukuba izinyamazane zingabi nolaka futhi zingacashi.Kusemqoka ukuba urnzingeli ngarnunye aluqondisise ulimi lwenqina.Lokhu kumsizaekutheni ezwe lapho kuxwayiswa ngengozi. Kuyavela ukuthi uma kuthiwa:Kayibonelwa!Kushiwo ingwe.Lokhu kusukela ekuthini urnuntu kayiboni adlule angehlelwa Iutho.Kakukho ukuthi ukholwe ngokuzibonela ukuthi okushiwoyo liqiniso noma chaKuyavela83

ukuthi iphisi elih1aba umkhosi Iisuke lingayiboni. Libona ukwenza kwezinja zibuya zingenaphansi kwalo zishaya umkhulungwane.Ngokubuka ukwenza kwezinja, Iiyaqonda ukuthizibalekela ingwe.Kuyapbawuleka ukuthi abazingeli bayashenxa endaweni enengozl.Kolunye uhlangothiamadelakufa ayigasela kuthule umoya. Iqiniso eIiqanda ikbanda lithi bambalwa ababhekananayo badlule bamphose umbalane. Ingwe inenxeba eIibi. Elayo inxeba Iisekhanda hbayikwenye indawo. Umuntu imsusa isikhumba sekhanda ngezidladla akhale ngonina.Usindangenhlanhla. Kuvela ukuthi izindosi zengwe ziyasalela ekhanda. Kuyapbawuleka futhiukuthi izindosi zengwe zivame ukumphitbanisa ikhanda umuntu emIimazi]e.Ziyashiswaizindosi zengwe ukuvimbela ukuphithana kwekhanda:Kutbathwa isikhuni esivuthayoahIikihlwe ngaso ekhanda ukuze kusheizindosi zengwe.(Msimango, 2000).Okunye okuvelayo ukuthi umuntu olinyazwe yingwe uba nolaka olubi.Awabekwa abemabiIi.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abomndeni bayamlungisa umuntu wabo okulesi simo.Ufunelwa inyanga imtbakele izinsizi zokuncinda ukuze kwehliswe izinga lolaka. Ugqunywa,agezwe ngezintelezi ezimhlanza abuyele esimweni sokuthoba abe eyiso engaka linyazwaymgwe.Lapho kuvuka ingulube yentaba, abazingeli baxwayisana bathi:Enhla ezansi amathole!Ingulube yentaba ibizwa ngethole ngenxa yokuthi inomzimba oqatha kuhle kowetholelenkomo eJondleki1e. Empeleni ingulube yentaba ibizwa ngethole yikhona izothonyeka bese84

abazingeli beyigwaza kaIula. Kuyavela ukuthi urnzingeli ngarnunye ufuna indawo ephephilelapho kuvuka ingulube yentaba. Futhi kuvela ukuthi ishiya izinkubela ingulube yentaba urnaabazingeli bebudedengu. Umuntu imshewula imilenze ngarnazinyokazi yedlule.5.4.2 UkuthokozaNgumkhuba wenqina ukuba iphisi lithokoze lapho lihlaba inyamazane.Kwenzelwa ukuthinoma liyihlabe yemukela, abaphambili bazi ukuthi yilona eliyihlabe yemuke1a.Kakulungileukuhlaba inyamazane ungathokozi:... Ukususa uthuthuva, ukuba ugwazeinyamazane ungathokozi.(Cele, 1973: Ill).Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi kungadaleka izintandane ngenxa-nje yenyarnazane.Kuhle iphisiliyihlabe maqede likhuze isaga sesigodi sakubo:Ngqayizashiki l (Mhlongo, 2000).Abesigodi sephisi benanela ngaso isaga sesigodi bathi: Ngqayizashiki! Ngqayizashiki lKuvela ukuthi enqineni kakhukhulelangoqo iphisi lithokoza ngesaga sebutho eliyilo. Lokhukudalwa yikuthi kusuke kukhona iNkosi.Ngamanye amazwi iphisi lisuke libikela iNkosingoba isuke ibheke ukubona ukuthi yiliphi ibutho elidla umhlanganiso emabuthweni ayoephelele.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi kwenye inkathi iphisi Iiyihlaba maqede lizibonge:85

Ngadla!Ngadla mina bhululu kabheseni!UZonzo kaNomzwayiba.Jabula mbongolo lethwese ihlobo.Mqhumuza nkobe zomile.Siqiqirna onjengebhubesi.Mnqindi wenkunzi beyicijile.(Mhlongo, 2000).Ukuzibonga kwephisi kuzishaya sakuklolodela amanye kube kuwafaka ugqozi azimiseleyikhona ezohlabana5.4.3 UkuhlomulelanaKuyinqubo yasenqineni ukuba abazingeli bahlomulelane ezinyamazaneni ezihlatshiwe.Ukuhlomula kukabili. Abantu ababulale inyamazane bobabili, bayahlomulelana.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi umuntu ongabanga nesandla ekubulaweni kwenyamazane nayeuyahlonyulelwa. Inqina ngumsebenzi wamadoda odinga ukuphathwa ngokubambisana:Hunting is often a cooperative venture, in whicha group ofmen work together. ...(Ingpen noWJlkinson, 1994: 119).Lokhu kucacisa ngokusobala ukuthi irnpule1elo yenqina incike ekubambisaneni kwabazingeli.Ngamanye amazwi, ohlabe inyamazane uyihlabe ngoba kukhona oyivusile kwaziseayihlatshwa mvusi ihlatshwa ngabaphambili. Kuqinisa ubunye kubazingeli ukuhlomuJelana.Ngubuntu ukuthi onotho ohlephuJeJe ongenalutho.UkuhlomuJelana kwenziwa ngaphansikweso elibukhali likamthonga.Umnikazi wenyamazane uthatha uhlangothi kuthi olunye86

alwethuleIe abanye abazingeli behlukaniseIane Iona. Lapho inyarnazane ihlatshwengamaphisi amabili, idatshulwa phakathi., kube ilelo phisi lithathe uhlangothi.5.4.4 Ukuxazululwa kwemibangoKuyaphawuleka ukuthi Iapho kuhlangene khona abantu kuba yinhlanhla umsindo ungasuki.Inqina njengomcimbi onedumeIa futhi ohlanganisa izigodigodi inazo izidumo.Izidumozisuswa ukubangwa kwezinyamazane, ukulinyazwa kwezinja ngengxaphephe kanyenokudeIelana okunganasidingo.Umbango ovamile ngowezinyarnazane Iapho arnaphisiephikisana ngobllnikazi benyamazane.Innbango ibikwa kumthonga ukuze ayixazulule.KuyaveIa ukuthi ukuxazulula irnibangokakusiyo into elula.Imibango evamile ngeyezinyarnazane ezigwazwe ngernikhonto.Umthonga ulekelelwa izinduna ekuhlaziyeni udaba lwamaphisi abangayo. Laphokuianyulwa umbango, kuthathwa imikhonto yamaphisi abangayo iqhathaniswe narnanxebaasenyamazaneni ebangwayo.Umkhonto olingana ncamashi enxebeni elibuIale inyamazaneumniniwo nguye oyithathayo.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi kakulula ukukhipha isinqumo esamukeIeka nbIangothi zombili.Umthonga angathi ukhipha isinqumo esiyiso, iphisi elahluliwe lithi ube nokwenzeleIaIklaywa phakathi inyarnazane bese iphisi ngalinye lithatha uhlangothi.Lapho kungacaciukuthi inyarnazane ngekabani futhi amaphisi engafuni ukuhlomulelana, inyamazane ithathwangumthonga. Umthonga uyithatha ngegunya lokuthi nguye ophethe inqina.87

Eminye imibango ngeyezinyamazane ezishaywe ngesibhamu. Kulukhuni satshe ukuxazululaumbango wenyamazane eshaywe ngesibhamu.Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umxazululi kumeleabe nolwazi ngezibhamu. Kuvela ukuthi amanxeba ezibhamu kawefani. Ukwehlukanakwamanxeba kudalwa luhlobo lwesibhamu olusetshenzisiwe. Kukhona izibhamuezisebenzisa inh1amvu eyenza inxeba libe lincane lapho ingene ngakhona bese liba likhululapho iphume ngakhonaEzinye zisebenzisa inh1amvu eyenza inxeba libe likhulu laphoingene ngakhona nangalapho iphume ngakhona.Umbango wamaphisi ezibhamu uqala ukhulunywe kungakayiwa lapho inyamazane iwelekhona:...Kuyothi kungakayiwa lapho iwele khona,kube yilowo asho inxeba abeyikhombe kulonohlangothi.(Cele,1973:111).Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthola isiqiniseko sokuthi yiJiphi iphisi eliyishaye enxebeni.Indawoinxeba elikuyo imqoka kakhulu.Inxeba elisemvakwendlebe libucayi uma liqhathaniswanelisemlenzeni. Ngamafuphi inxeba elisemvakwendlebe liyabulala kanti elisemlenzeniliyakhubaza. Inyamazane inikwa iphisi lesibhamu esishaye enxebeni.Emva kokuxazu1ulwa kwemibango, inqina iqhubekela kwesinye isikhungo.Uma kuyinqinaezothatha izinsuku izingela, lithi lingathambama ilanga, iqonde ezihonqeni. Ezihonqeni ifikaisilindelwe ngabavela emakhaya, beyilethele utshwala nokudla. Babuyela emakhayabeqiqinga inyama. Lapho isikhathi sokuzingela sesiphelile, inqina iphindela emakhaya.88

ISAHLUKO SESITHUPHA6.0 UMTHELELA WOLWAZILWEMVELOOLIMINILWESIZULU6.1 ISETHULOUZulu ukuqonda kahle ukuthi u1imi Iwakhe Iuligugu Iamagugu kuye.19u9u lidingaukuphathwa kahle ukuze lingehIelwa yisimo sobugugu balo.okuphathelene nolimi lwakhe ukuze luhIale luhIanzekile.UZulu ukuhIonipha konkeKuyavela ukuthi inhloniphoiyinsika emqoka empilweni yomuntu jikelele. Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi isazelo sokwazisainhIonipho senza abazingeli basebenzise u1imi oIuhIonipha izinyamazane. Lokhukuyalunothisa u1imi.Ukuphila kokhokho eduze nemvelo kunegalelo elibanzi ekunothiseni ulimi lwesiZulu.Kunezimo zokukhuluma ezakheka zisuselwa ezigamekweni ezenzeka kuzingelwa.Izaganezisho yizimo zokukhuIuma ezidIa ubhedu ekucebiseni u1imi IwesiZuIuInqina iphindeithuthukise ulwazi lweqoqomagama.Lokhu kv,enza ulimi IwesiZulu luhIobe ngamagamaanencazelo engaphezulu kweyodwa.UIimi Iwezigubho zenqina nalo Iuzobukwa kabanzi ngenhIoso yokuthola ifuzela Iwalokubazingeli.lsahIuko sigcina ngokubheka u1imi Iwezaga kumbe iziqubulo ezikhuzwangabazingeli.89

6.2 ULThn LWABAZINGELIKusemqoka ukuba umzingeli aluqondisise ulimi olusetshenziswa enqineni.ekutheni angazitholi esebiza amagama angafanele endaweni engafanele.Lokhu kumsizaUlimi Iwenqinaluvunule ngamagama okuhlonishwa ngawo izinyamazane. Izinyamazane zihlonishwa ngenxayesizathu simbe:...Vma ukubize wakugangalaza kusuke kucashekungabe kusabulawa.(Nxwnalo, 1969:69).Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi izinyamazane ziyawazi amagama azo.Ukuphinyiswa kwawokwenza zizwe ukuthi kuqondwe zona bese zicasha.Ukuzibiza ngamagama ahIoniphayokuyazidida zingezwa ukuthi kuqondwe zonaKuvela ukuthi izinyamazane ezinkulu zivuka umbhejazana uma zibizwa ngamagama azoejwayelekile. Ukugwema ingozi kuWe zingabizwa ngamagama azo ejwayelekile:...Big game, must not be referred to by itsproper name when it is near. The animalwould charge the offender; it would causeinjury to members ofthe party.(Raum, 1973:249).Lokhu kuveza ukuthi kuyazicunula izinyamazane ukubizwa ngamagama.Ukucunukakwenza zifune ukujezisa lowo ozisukelayo.90

6.3 AMAGAMA ENHLONIPHOKusernahlornbe ornzingelingamunye ukuba azi ukuthi inyamazane ngayinye ihlonishwangaliphi igama.UZulu, (1999:41) amagama okuhlonipha izinyamazane uwabeka kanjena:6.3.1. UchakideIgarna lokuhlonipha = OkubornvanaImvelaphi yegama Iokuhlonipha= Usukela embaleni wawo obomvungokuba nsundu.6.3.2. InsimhaIgarna IokuhloniphaImvelaphi yegarna Iokuhlonipha= Uthi= Lisukela emzimbeni wawo ornude futhiomncane okuthi Iapho izifihla imane ifane nothiolungenamsebenzi.6.3.3. InguluheIgarna Iokuhlonipha= ItholeIrnvelaphi yegarna Iokuhlonipha = Lisukela esimweni sornzimba wayo oqathaofuze owethole Ienkomo eienyisa liguqile.6.3.4. UxamuIgarna lokuhlonipha= Ibhekezansi91

Imvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha = Lisukela esenzweni sawo sokuvukaubheke ezansi esizibeni umakukhona okuwethusayo.6.3.5. InkawuIgarna lokuhloniphaImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha= Iphosakundiza= Lisukela ekwenzeni kwayo lapho igxumaemagatsheni emithi. Ukuzwibeka kwayokulesi sihlahla iya kwesinye kuyenzaiphose ukundiza..6.3.6. ImfeneIgama lokuhlonipha = UkhophokaoethiImve1aphi yegarna lokuhlonipha= Lisukela ekumeni kobuso bayo obushonephakathi futhi obunganethwa yimvulalapho izulu lina.Igama lokuhlonipha = ImbuzimawaImvelaphi yegarna lokuhlonipha= Lisuke1a ekutheni ithanda ukuhlala endawenieyiwa nanokuphakama kornzirnba wayookulingana nokuphakama kornzirnba wemhuzi.92

6.3. 7. IsikhuvaIgama lokuhlonipha = IvumakabiliImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha = Lisukela endleleni esikhala ngayo laphosithi, phuma ungibhule nami ngizokubhula.6.3.8. IngududuIgama lokuhlonipha = InsingiziImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha = Lisukela ekwenzeni kwayo lapho ihambaisingiza sengathi isindwa ngurnzimba.6.3.9. IntlluvuIgamalokuhlonipha= UsondonzimaImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipba = Lisukela esimweni sornzimba wayo omkhulukanye nemigcifi yamanqinakazi ayindilinga.6.3.10. InqeIgama lokuhlonipha = IzwangomoyaImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha = Lisukela esiphiweni salo sokukwaziukuhogela lithole indawo laphokufele khona isilwane.6.3.11. ImvubuIgama lokuhlonipha = IngexeImvelaphi yegama lokuhlonipha = Lisukela esenzweni sayo sokuthanda93

ukukhamisa igebekazi lomlomo wayo6.3.12. IngwenyaIgama lokuhIonipha= UgodoImvelaphi yegama lokuhIonipha = Lisukela esimweni somzimba wayo ethilapho ithamele iIanga imane ifane noludalaugodo, ngisho intanta emanzini ifana ngogodo.Enqineni umzingeli uyacophelela angaphahIuki asho okungashiwo.OphahIukayo abizeizinyamazane ngamagama azo ejwayelekiIe bamudla bamfele abanye abazingeli.6.4 IZAGAIningi longoti bolimi IwesiZulu seligiye liphindelela maqondana nezaga.Ziyini izaga?Inkulumo eliqiniso ebekwa ngamagama agigiyelayo.UShange, (1953:92) ubeka kanjena:Izaga ziyikunotha kolimi.Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi izaga zingamanoni enza ulimi lushube futhi lube nesigqi.UNhlumayo, (1991:133) isaga usibona kanjena:9~

·.. Siwumusho ophelele obunjiwe ngamazwinoma ngamagama anobuhlakani obujulile.Ukuba ngumusho ophelele kwesaga kucacisa ukuthi sinikeza umqondo ophelele.Kuvelaukuthi umuntu othaka kahle izaga enkulumweni yakhe uthathwa ngokuthi ukhuluma ulirniolunothile.Ukhuluma abeke obala amaqiniso aziwayo emphakathini kodwa asethandaukuba liconsi lomkholongo enkulumweni yabantu ejwayelekile.Ulirni lunothe ngamagamaahIabahlosile futhi athakwe ngobuchule obumangalisayo. Ulimi lwakhe luyagigiyela kodwalube lushaya emhlolweni.KuyaphawuIeka ukuthi izaga zencike kakhulu ezimweni ezithile umuntu azithola ekuzo.UZulu isikhathi sasebusika usichitha ngokuzingela izinyamazane.Yingakho-nje eqambeizaga ngemikhuba yokuziphatha kwezilwane zasendle. Ziphinde ziqanjwe ngezimozokwenzeka kwezigameko ezithile kuzingelwa.Lokhu kuqinisa ukuthi inqina inegaleIoelibonakalayo ekunothiseni ulimi IwesiZuIu.6.4.1 Eziphathelene nenkani(i)Isaga= UmvundJa ziyakuwunqanda phambili.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Lapho inqina izingela, yehlukana izigabangezigaba. Lapho unogwaja evuswaliqembu limbe, uyabaleka uze uzithelekwelinye iqembu nalo liwuvimbeli1-'.uphindisele lapho uvela ngakhona.95

IncazeloZiyokubuyisa izinhlupheko. Kushiwokumuntu ekhuzwa ukuba angayenzi intoacabanga ukuyenza ngoba izomxaka.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi = Sakhiwe ngamagama amathathu. Igamalokuqala emshweni linamalunga amathathu,kuthi elesibili libe namalunga ayisithupha besekuthi elokugcina libe namalunga amathathu.(ii) lsaga= Hambajuba bayokuchutha phambi/i.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Izimpaphe zimqoka enyonini ngoba zivikelaurnzimba futhi ziphinde ziyenze ibukeke.Inyoni ehluthukelwe yizimpaphe ibukeka kabi.Incazelo= Ukwenza kuyokuxaka phambili Kushiwokumuntu onenkani. Uyaboniswa ukuthiinkani yakhe izomlahlekisela ngezintoezibalulekile empilweni. Ngamafuphi-njekuhle umuntu azinake izeluleko azitholakwabanye.96

Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi = Sakhiwe ngamagama amane. Igama lokuqalaernshweni linamalunga amabili, kuthi e1esibiliJibe namalunga amabiIi, elesithathulinamalunga ayisihIanu bese kuthi elokugcinaJibe namalunga amathathu.6.4.2 Ezexwayisa ngengozi(i)Isaga= Ind/ovu id/a abasonder..eli.Lapho sisuse1wa khona= Lapho kuzingelwa izindlovu, imvamisa abazingeliabathanda ukuzihIaba mahIanze, ziyabalimaza.IncazeloAbantu abaseduze nababusi kurne1e bahJalebeqaphe ingozi engase ibehIele.Ukwakheka ngokwesigqi = Sibunjwe ngamagama amathathu. Igama lokuqalaemshweni 1inamaIunga amathathu, elesibililinamalunga amabili bese kuthi e1esithathu JibenarnaIunga ayisithupha.97

(ii) Isaga= Siyibulele siyilindile. Isini? Isilo.Lapho sisuselwa khona = Ingwe inomkhuba wokubulala inyamazane beseiyiqapha. Njengoba iyiqaphile nje kayifunilutho oluzoyithintaIncazelo = Umuntu kuhle ahlale eqaphele lapho ehamba khonangoba angazitshela ukuthi kuphephile kanti kakunjengobaecabanga.Ukubumbeka ngokwemofoloji = Kuphongozwe isivumelwano senhlokousi- esenzweni esisenkathini edlule kwasekugaxwa usingankamisa u-yoyisivumelwanosikamenziwa.Isivemelwano senhloko u si- simele ibizoisilo, kuthi isivumelwano sikamenziwa u-ysimeleibizo elingumenziwa inyamazane.(iii)Isaga= Ihlatshwa ifulathele.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Inyathi yinyamazane enamandla nonya olukhulu.Inobungozi obungayiwa. Kakulula ukuyibulala98

ikubona. Iphisi kumele liyiqhamukele ngemuvaingaboni ukuze liyihlabe urnshubo.IncazeloUmuntu izitha zakhe zisizakala ngaye engekho.Ukubumbekangokwe~g~Sakhiwe ngamagama amabili. Igama IokuqalaIinamaJunga amathathu bese elesibili libanamalunga ayisihlanu.6.4.3 Ezimaqondana nokwenza izinto ngobuhlakani(i) Isaga= lsi/o siyawafinyeza amazipho.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Ingwe uma izilalele amazipho aye iyawafihla.Iwakhipha kuphela uma kunesidingo.Incazelo= Kakumele umuntu aveze lapho amandla akheengakhona ~gekho i~dingo.Kumeleawafihle aze awakhiphe lapho esedingeka.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi= Sibunjwe ngamagama amathathu. Igama lokuqalalakhiwe ngamalunga amathathu, kuthi elesibili libenayi~thupha bese elokugcina libe namane.99

(ii) Isaga= Uxamu wethukela esizjbeni.Lapho sisuselwa khona=Isiziba siyindawo ephephile kuxamu. Laphokuqhamuka isitha, uvuka uphoseke esizibeni.Incanzelo=Kungubuhlakani ukuthi Iapho umuntu esola ingozi,abalekele endaweni ephephile.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi=Sibunjwe ngamagama amathathu. Igama Iokuqalalinamalunga amathathu, kuthi elesibili libe namanebese elesithathu liba namahlanu.(iii) Isaga= Ingwe idla ngamabala.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Ingwe yinyamazane enamabala amahle.Amabala ayisiza ekutheni izifihle kalulanokwenza ikwazi ukubamba izinyamazanezingazelele. Isikhurnba sayo esihle senzaingaconsi phansi emakhosini oselwa nakobhekenibawo.Incazelo= Umuntu uzibalula ngemisebanzi yakhe emihlephakathi kwabanye.100

Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqiSibunjwe ngamagama amathathu.Igama lokuqala linamalunga amabili,kuthi kwelesibili abe mabili bese elesithathuliba namane.6.4.4 Ezikbuthaza ukuzibambela mathupha(i) Isaga= AkunsimbaYflZIlZO ibuzi ngokuh/ala.Lapho sisuselwa khona= lnsimba ikhonze ukudla amabuzi. Kudingekeiwazingele ukuze iwathole ngoba ngeke azizele kuyo.Incazelo= Umuntu olivila kangazitsbeli ukuthi kukhona okuhleazokuthola ethe: Thwi!UKubumbekangokwemofol~iKuphongozwe isakhi esiphikayo u- akuebizwenieliyinhloko insimba. aku-+ ( i) nsimba.Kuqapheleka ukuthiunkarnisa osekugcineni wesakhi esiphikayowencikana nonkarnisa osekuqaleniebizweni. Unkarnisa osekuqaleni ebizweniuyeqiwa ulcuze isakhi esiphikayo si,umelane101

kable nebizo.(ii) lsaga= lqaqa lisinda kuzalusa.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Iqaqa yinyamazane encane. OkuqaphelekayongaIo liphunga elibi. Iphunga yisikhaIi saloelizivikela ngaso ezitheni.Incazelo= KuhIe umuntu azivikele yena, angethembi ukuthiuzovikekwa ngabanye abantu.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqiSibunjwe ngamagama amathathu. Igama lokuqaIaemshweni linamaIunga amathathu, kuthi elesibililibe namathathu bese elokugcina liba namane.(iii) lsaga= Akukho nkwaJi ephandela enye.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Inkwali yinyoni eziphilisa ngokuqhwandaumhIabathi ukuze ithole izinambuzaneezozidla. Kuqapheleka ukuthi inkwalingayinye iqhwanda ngenhIoso yokuthi kuzuzeyona kuphela hhayi enye.102

Incazelo= Umuntu makazenzele mathupha, angalindeliukuthi uzokwenzelwa ngabanye izinto nayeanamandla okuzenza.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqiSakhiwe ngamagama amane. Igama lokuqala emshwenilinamalunga amathathu, elesibili linamalunga amabili,kuzothi elesithathu libe namalunga amane beseelokugcina liba namalunga amabili.6.4.5 Eziphathelene nokuthandabuza(i) [saga= KayihlaJshwa m"usi, ihlaJshwa abaphambili.Kushiwo inyamazane.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Iphisi liyayivusa inyamazane kodwa ngesizathu simbelehluleke ukuyihlaba bese ihlatshwa ngelinye iphisi.Incazelo= Umsunguli wento kakuyena ozuzayoekugcineni. Kuyenzeka umuntu aqambe intobese kuqhamuka ogalajana bamhlakaniphelekugcine sekuyibo abazuza udumo umsunguliagcine ekhohlakele.103

Ukubumbeka ngokwe mofoloji =UNyembezi, (1954: 19) ubeka kanjena:...The negative fonnative ka- or a- prefixed tothe verb. To avoid having the vowel ofthenegative formative and the subjectival concordbeing juxtaposed, the inter-vocalic -y- isemployed.Usingankamisa -y- usebenza abe yisivumelwano sikamenziwa emshweni.Ukugaxwakwakhe kuncikene nesigaba simbe samabizo:The object concords ofthe nasal classes arepreceded by the semi vowel y- before i-.(Taljaard noBosch, 1988:37)(ii) Isaga = Iyobanjwa ngesithele nayo.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Lapho kuzingelwa, izinja zike zibhince inyamazanekungacaci ukuthi iyiphi ezoyishaya.IncazeloIzinto zitholwa kalula ngumuntu oseduze nazo.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi= Sibunjwe ngamagama amathathu.Igama lokuqala emshweni linamalugaamane, kuthi elesibili Iibe namalunga amanebese e10kugcina Iiba namabili.IO~

6.4.6 Ezikhuthaza umuntu ukuba afune izeluleko kwabanye(i) Isaga= Inyathi ibu:cwa kwabaphambi/i.Lapho sisuselwa khona= Sisuselwa esenzweni sabazingeli sokukwaziukugwema ingozi enokubehlela:...Hunting parties went out in olden days, theycame upon many wild anirnaIs includingbuffaloes. Buffaloes were not very tame creatures,and wounded buffalo was always a source ofgravedanger. Ifa party had aroused and wounded abuffalo, and were stalking it, it was alwaysthose ahead who might have seen the direction ittook. In that way, the chances ofcoming upon theadvisable to move cautiously, and inquire fromanimal suddenly and unexpectedly were reduced.(Nyembezi, 1954: 180).IncazeloKuhle umuntu abuze kwabanolwazi yikhonaezothola izeluleko eziqotho.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqiSibunjwe ngarnagama arnathathu. Igamalokuqala emshweni linamalunga amathathu,kanjalo nelesibili linamalunga arnathathubese elesithathu liba namalunga amahlanu.(ii) Isaga= Ingwe ibu:cwa kwabaphambi/i.105

Lapho sisuselwa khonaIngwe iyinyamazane enolaka futhi iyingozi.Abantu bayayigwema indawo ehlala kuyo.Incazelo= Kungubuhlakani ukubuza kwaba nolwaziolunzuJu maqondana nento ethile.Ukubumbeka ngokwesigqi= Sibunjwe ngamagama amathathu. Igamalokuqala linamaIunga amabili, kuthielesithathu libe namalunga amathathu beseelokugcina Iiba namalunga amahlanu.6.5 IZISHOIzisho zingezinye zezimo zokukhuluma ezinothisa ulimi lwesiZulu. Izisho zehlukile ezageni.Izaga zingumusho ophelele kanti izisho zingamagama ahIanganiswe ndawonye futhiangawunikezi umqondo ophelele.Izisho ziba nomqondo uma zisetshenziswa emshweni.Kuqapheleka ukuthi izisho zehlukana imikhakha emibili:Kukhona izisho eziphuma ezenzweni.Olunye uhlobo luphuma emabizweni.(Nhlumayo,1996:138).Kuqapheleka ukuthi izisho ezrnmgI ziphuma ezenzweru kanti eziphuma emabizweniziyingcosana.106

Ucwarungo lubheka kabanzi lezi eziphuma ezenzweni.IsenzoIsishoUkuvela kwesishoIncazelo====-ee/aUkucela empunzini.Sisuselwa ekwenzeni kwenyamazane impunzi.Impunzi inejubane elikhulu ezisindisa ngalo ekufeni.Ukubaleka ngejubane.Isenzo = -thethaIsisho = Ukuthetha inqina.Ukuvela kwesisho = Sivela esenzweni sokudidiyelwa kwabazingelibese bekhishwa ngemizila abazoyilandelalapho bezingela.Incazelo = Ukuphaka inqina ngemizila yayo.Isenzo = -huyaIsisho = Ukubuya ngenduku yombangandlala.Ukuvela kwesisho = Umbangandlala luhlobo lomuthi ongenaloi1ahle lapho ubasiwe.Ukutheza umbangandlala kufana nokuthikawuthezanga lutho ngoba ulicime.Incazelo = Ukwahluleka uncame ukuthola obukugaqele.107

IsenzoIsishoUkuvela kwesishoIncazelo===-cuphaUkucupha umngqangu.Umngqangu yindledlana ehamba izinyamazane.Abazingeli bazicupha emngqangwini ukuzebazibambe.Ukuma ngomumo ulindele okungahle kuvele.6.6 IZIGUBHO ZENQINAKuqapheleka ukuthi izigubho zenqina zibambe iqhaza elibanzi ekugcineni ulimi lunothile.Ulimi nesiko ugwayi nenhlaba:Ulimi Iuqukethe amasiko abantuabangabanikazi balo.(Chiliza, 1998:25)Ulimi kalugcini ngokugcina amasiko kuphela.Luphinde lube yinqolobane yokugcinaimilando yesizwe. Amagagu oqobo ngoqobo aliqopha ngokuphazima kweso ihubongeseWakaIo esithile. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni umIando uWale ukhumbuleka.Kuvela ukuthi amahubo anofuni lobunkondlo.Ukuceba kwawo ngolimi olunkondlozayokuwenza abizwe ngezinkondIo. Ulimi olunkondIozayo ludIe ngokudepha:...Wulimi olujulile, olungaqondisi, olucebekakhuJu.....(Msirnang, 1986:20).108

Ubunkondlo bamahubo bukhuphula izinga Iawo.Ngokuvamile izinkondlo zinomqondoojuWe futhi okungelula ukusheshe uwuthole. Ukujula komqondo kwencike emagameniasetshenzisiwe. Amahubo akuphethe kubili. Kukhona anomqondo ojuIile kuphindekubekhona anomqondo asobalaAmagama abumbe amahubo okuzingela angokuzingelakuphela. Imvamisa iningi Iamahubo kakwenzeki Iingabi nalo igama Ienyamazane yimbe:Ishoba IikanogwajaUyihlahleI' ameh!' enyamazaneA yingakanani.Hheshe!UyihlahleI' ameh!' enyamazane.(Gazu, 2000).6.7 IZIQUBULOInqina ngumcimbi othinta amadoda. Kuvela ukuthi iphathwa ngokubambisana. Ngumkhubawabantu ukukhuza iziqubuIo Iapho bendawonye benza okuthiIe.Inqina nayo iyazikhuzaiziqubulo.Iziqubulo zikhuzwa ngenhIoso yokuqunga abazingeli isibindi kanye nokwenzaimiqondo yabo icabange ngomsebenzi okumele ba"'ufeze.Ezinye iziqubulo zibunjwe ngamagama ezinyamazane zimbe:(i)Sabon' amadube asiduba!Sabon' amadube asiduba!Singawagwazi siwabuke - nje!Singawagwazi siwabuke - nje!109

(ii)Ymi le eseManzimakhulu?Zimbube!Ymi le eseManzimakhulu?Zimbube!Yenzani?Hhiyahha!Yenzani?Hhiyahha!Awusuke zibadephune.Adephu gxikilizi!Awusuke zibadephune.Adephu gxikilizi!(Nxumalo, 2000).Kuvela ukuthi lezi ziqubulo zivame esifundeni sakwaNongoma.Lokhu kukhomba ukuthiiziqubulo zehlukahlukana ngezifunda.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi isigqi seziqubulosilethwa ukuphindwaphindwa kwemigqa namagama.Kuvamise ukuba kube nomholi oholangamagama athile bese izinsizwa zilandela ziwaphinda okanye zisho amanye.Ulimilweziqubulo lulimi olubabazayo.Ukubabaza kudalwa yikuthi imimoya yamaphisi isukeiphakeme.110

ISAHLUKO SESIKHOMBISA7.0 ISIHLAZIYO , IZINCOMO NESIPHETHO7.1 UKUHLAZIYWA KOCWANINGOIqiniso eliqanda ikhanda lithi, ukuzingela izinyamazane kulisiko elidaIa e-Afrika.NanamuhIaleli siko lisalandelwa ngabantu abansundu.UZulu ungesinye sesizwe esisabambelelekuleli siko. Kupbawuleka ukuthi ngesiZulu isiko lokuzingela libizwa ngokuthi inqina. Futhikuvela ukuthi abantu abazingela izinyamazane beliviyo babizwa ngenqina.Inqina iphunywangamadoda aseqinile:Ahaphuma inqina ngabesilisa abasemadoloqinile.(Ndlovu noNxumalo, 1961:37).Lokhu kucacisa ukuthi inqina iphunywa ngamadoda asenamandla okugijima.Isimameasilokothi siphume inqina ngoba ukuzingela ngumsebenzi wabesilisa. Inqina iWoma iphelelekuhIe kwamabutho ehlomele ukulwa nezitba. Ukuhloma kwenqina kanje, kukhomba ukuthiisuke iyobhekana nezinyamazane eziyingozi ehlathini.Liqiniso elimsu1wa ukuthi izinyamazane zibalulekile empilweni yeSintu jikelele.Kuvelaukuthi ukubaluIeka kwezinyamavme eSintwini kwehlukana im.ikhakha emitbathu:umkhakha wezokwelapha;umkhakha wemvunulo nomkbakba wokuya ngasethunjini.Kukhona izinyamazane ezisetshenziswa ekuthakeni izinsizi zokwelapha abantu basindeIII

ezifweni ezibaphethe.Izikhumba zezinyamazane zisiza ekuqopheni imvunulo yabesilisanabesimame. Iningi lezinyamazane bathola inyama kulo abantu. Inyama imqoka esidalweniesingumuntu:Inyama inomsebenzi omkhulu empilweniyomuntu. Igazi lomuntu ali1ungi nezengaphandle kwenyama noma okungenaniamafutha ayo.(Molefe, 1987:82).Lokbu kwambula iqiniso lokuthi igazi lomuntu lih1ala lih1ale lomele inyama. Lokhu kudalwayikuthi inyama inezinhlayiya ezisiza ekwakheni urnzimba uqine, ungahaqwa yizifo kalula.Inqina imenywa ngumuntu ongumholi endaweni:Inqina ivamise ukumenywa yinkosi.(Ndlovu noNxumalo, 1961:38).UGibson, (1911:8) uphawula kanjena:Hunting parties were called out bythe chiefofa tribe.....Lokbu kukhombisa ukuthi amakhosi anamandla okulawula indlela okumele izinyamazanezisetshenziswe ngayo.Amakhosi abhekeke ukuba abambe ezinyathelweni zenkosi uShaka maqondana nokongiwakwengcebo yemvelo. Inkosi uShaka yaqala ukonga imvelo bengakafiki abelungu kwazulu.Kuvela ukuthi kukhona abamh10phe abaphikayo ukuthi inkosi uShaka yabamba iqhaza112

elibanzi ekongeni irnvelo.Lokhu bakusho ngoba yayikhonze ukukhipha inqina yezindloyu.Basithwe yisithupha:Inqina the hunting expedition was not aimed atwiping out game as it happens when Europeansintroduce guns to wipe out elephants, lions,hippos etc. Game Reserves such as Illuhluwe,Mfolozi and many others in the Kingdom werelooked after. .....(Maphalala, 2000: 12).Kuyenzeka futhi inqina irnenywe isiphakanyiswa esiphethe isigodi.Kuyaphawuleka futhiukuthi inqina iyamenywa ngabanumzane abaqavile endaweni yize bengaphethe zikhundlaemphakathini:... ..It was usually the most important man inthe neighbourhood who proclaimed the hunt...(Krige, 1936:204).KwaZulu inqina iphunywa ebusika kuphela. Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi ukubanda kubalulekile:Ukubanda kwasebusika kuyasiza kakhuluukulondoloza inyama yezinyamazane ezibulawaendle zinqwatshelwe esikhungweni esithiJe ukubaingaboli. Nokusuke1wa kwazo ngezinjangesikhathi samakhaza kwenza ukuthi inyamayazo ihlale iklabusile, kungafani nasehlobo laphoinyama yenyamazane eke yagijirna ixoshwa yizinjaigcwala igazi ibemnyama phishi. Nabazingeliimbala bagijirna kangcono ngenkathi yasebusika.(Ndlovu noNxumalo, 1961:37).Kuvela ukuthi ebusika iningi lezinyamazane lisuke lingasenazo izixhumo eZlsencane.lJbusika buwela phansi kwezinyanga ezine: uMbaso, uNhlangulana, uNhlaba noNtulikazi.113

Abazingeli bahuba izigubho zenqina lapho beyozingela.Izigubho zibafaka umdlandla.Bazingela ngezikhaIi zasendulo nezanamuhla. Kuphawuleka ukuthi kuyenzeka izinyamazanezizinge1we ngezindIe1a ezingefani.Inqina inhloboningi. Kukhona inqina yesigodi ebizwa ngokuthi umhlwayo. Le nqmaimenywa yinduna ngenhloso yokuzigela izinyamazane. Kwenye inkathi inqina yesigodiiphunywa ngenhloso yokuxosha izilwane eziluhlupho endaweni.Kuve1a ukuthi kuphinde kubekhona inqina yakomkhulu:Ofspecial importance was the royal hunt forroyal game.....(Raum, 1973:251).Inqina yakomkhulu iphunywa ngamabutho.Inqina yikomkhulu iphunywa ngenhlosoyokuhlaba izinyamazane ezisetshenziswa ekuthakeni imithi yokuqinisa inkosi. Iphinde futhiiphume ngenhloso yokuhlaba izinyamazane zokuqopha imvunulo yenkosi.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi kuphinde kubekhona inqina yomkhosi wokweshwama.Imvamisa le nqina iphunywa ngenhloso yokuthola ingwe yokunyathela kwenkosi unyaka.Kuvela ukuthi amasimu ayanyangwa ukuze izitshalo zingafekeli.Inkosi yiyo engcina usikolokunyanga inhlabathi yendawo eyiphethe ukuze ingakhinyabezwa yimithi yezitha.Inyangayenkosi ithaka amakhambi asetshenziswa ekugomeni umhlabathi:The purpose ofthese medicines was to ensurethat no rival power could exert a malicious influencethe Zulu fields .....(Knight, 1955: 125)ll~

KwaZulu kalidliwa ihlobo isizwe singeshwamile:This beliefthat it is dangerous to eat thefirst-fruits without some precautionary means,so sommon among all primitive peoples, isexplained by the Zulus as being primarily dueto the concentration ofpower in the crops,resulting from the medicines, particularly theukuSukula, which have been applied to renderthem fruitful.(Krige, 1936:20I).Kuvela ukuthi iSintu sikuqonda kahle ukuthi ukudla okusha kuyahlupha esiswini umaumuntu ekade agcina ukukudla.ISintu senza udoloqina ukuze ukudla kungasihluphieZl5W1ID:The sudden change to fresh fruits and greenvegetables was apt to cause stomach troubles50 that the taking ofthis mixture before suchchange ofdiet acted as a corrective andstomach tonic.(Binns,1974:133).lnkosi ingena emgonqweni ukuze iziIungiselele usuku lokweshwama.Igonqela endliniyenkatha yobukhosi. Inkosi iphalaza ngobulawu obubomvu igcine ngobumhlophe.Izithunywa ezethembekile zilanda uselwa ziphinde zikhe amanzi olwandle kanye nawemifulaemikhulu ezweni. Amanzi olwandle amqoka ekususeni konke ukugcola okukhona egazinilenkosi:Sea water required for washing ofthe'black medicines' applied in the initial stages ofthe ceremony.(Raum, 1973:409).115

Luthi lungafika uselwa inkosi inqume usuku esiyokweshwama ngalo isizwe. Kuvela ukuthinamuhla ukwenziwa komkhosi wokweshwama kakusafani nokwasendulo.Kuyaphawuleka futhi ukuthi kukhona uhlobo lwenqina olwaziwa ngenqinambumbulu.Inqinambumbulu imenywa ngumnurnzane kumbe inkosi ngenhloso yokususa umuntuoluhlupho emphakathini. Kwenye inkathi umuntu ubulawelwa ubala.Olunye uhlobo lwenqina ukhukhulelangoqo. Ukhukhulelangoqo umenywa yinkosi kuphela.Ukhukhulelangoqo ucelwa kuhulumeni ngoba uphunywa ngabantuabaningi kakhulu.Enqineni kakhukhulelangoqo kuba khona umuntu ongamehlo kahulumeni kukho konkeokwenzekayo.Uhlobo lokugcina lwenqina inqina yehlambo.Lolu hlobo luphuma ngenhloso yokugezaizikhali zomnumzane osuke esendele koyisemkhulu.Le nqina iphinde yaziwe ngokuthiinqina yokulahla ukufa.Iphuma kumazolo ekuseni ngovivi, yenze lonke usiko IweSintuentabeni bese iphindela ekhaya.Ekhaya kubikelwa umnurnzane ukuthi rnakahlambuluke,ahlangane nomndeni ngoba selugciniwe usiko lokumhlambulula.Ubikelwa esibayenisezinkomo, ebikelwa yindalabantu endala emndenini kwazise umcimbi othinta abalelewenganyelwa ngobudala.Kuvela ukuthi inqina ingumcimbi olungiselelwayo.Amalungiselelo aye ehlukene kabili.Kukhona amade narnafishane.Amalungiselelo amade aphethe ukuphingiswa kwezinjangenhloso yokuthola izinja ezi1ungele ukuzingela.Imidlwane enyelezelwe ikhuliswangendlela yokuthi ikhule ibe yizinja ezikufanele ukuzingela.Izinja zichithiswa ngomchithiso116

othakwe ngezihlahla ezithile nangezinyamazane zimbe.Umchithiso uvula amakhala ezinjaukuze zikwazi ukuthola kalula umkhondo wezinyamazane.Amalungiselelo amafishane aphethe ukugaywa kotshwala ukuze inqina icime ukoma.Isigaba ngasinye sokugaywa kotshwala sisingathwa ngokucophelela ukuze utshwala bubemtoti futhi bungonakali.Utshwala budinga ukuphathwa ngenhlanzeko ngoba bungukudlaokuxhumene nabantu abamsulwa. Amaphisi alungisa izikhali zawo zokuzingela ukuze zibesesimeni esihle.Amaphisi aphinde abhunge kabanzi ngezikhungo eyozingela kuzo inqina.Amaphisi acobelelana amaqhinga okuqhamukela isikhungo ngasinye.Ngobusuku obandulela ukuphuma kwenqina, onke amadoda emizi alala ndlininye.Laphoesephuma ekuseni, edIula esibayeni, abike kwabadala.Kuvela ukuthi inqina ichelwangezintelezi ukuze iqine futhi iqungeke isibindi. Lapho iphuma esibayeni, isimame siyithelangezinsipho ezinyaweni.Umxhaka uphuma ngehubo lenqina uqonde esigxeni ukuzeuhlangane neminye imixhaka. Esigxeni umthonga uyididiyela ndawonye imixhaka ibe liviyoelilodwa bese iphakwa.Inqina iphakwa ngumuntu ongumthothongo yikhona izinyamazanezizothothobala. Inqina ikhankasa ngezimpondo ezimbili kanye nesifuba. Izimpondozibanjwa yizinsizwa ezinejubane kuthi isifuba sibanjwe ngamadoda asekhulile.Kuvela ukuthi inqina ingumdlalo. Uburndlalo benqina behlukana kane: Uburndlalongokwezinja; ubumdlalo ngokwezinyamazane; ubumdlalo ngokwamaphisi nobumdlalongokubongela ichalaha.117

Inqina inernikhutshana okumele abazingeli bayilandele ngaso sonke isikhathi.Ngumkhubawenqina ukuba abazingeli bexwayisane urna kukhona ingozi engase yehle.Ukuxwayisanakwabazingeli kulawulwa lu\imi oluhloniphayo.Iphisi Iiyathokoza uma Iihlaba inyamazaneyikhona namanye amaphisi ezokwazi ukuthi selihlabene.Likhuza isaga sesigodi sakuboIiphinde lizibonge.Enqineni kakhukhulelangoqo iphisi lithokoza ngesaga sebutho eliyilo.Abazingeli bayahlomulelana urna inyamazane beyihlabe ngokuhlanganyela.Irnibango evukangenxa yokuphambana kwamaphisi ebanga izinyamazane ixazululwa ngumthongaebambisene nezinduna.Le rnibango ixazululwa ngokukhulu ukucophelela ukuze kubekhona ukwaneliseka nhlangothi zombili.Inqina ibambe iqhaza elibanzi ekunothiseni ulimi IwesiZulu.Amaphisi asebenzisa uIirnioluhlonipha izinyamazane. Izinyamazane zihlonishwa ukuze zithonyeke zingabi nolaka futhizingacashi. Amaphisi asebenzisa amagama abhinqayo ekuhlonipheni izinyamazane. Lokhukuholela esimweni sokuthi kube namagama anezincazelo enngaphezu kweyodwa.Ulimilokuhlonipha Iwenza ukuthi izinyamazane ezithile zaziwe ngamagama amaningi:(i)Ibhubesi(a)Imbube(b)Ingonyama(ii)Inkawu(a)Iphosakundiza(b)Umnand' epholile(iii)Imfene(a)Indangala118

(b)(c)(d)(e)(I)(g)(h)ImbuzimawaUkhophokanethiInkolongwaneIgwabhaInkonovuUnohhaUmam' ozishay' inkehIana(Mbatha, 2000).Amaphisi asuke edukisa umkhondo ngamagama okuhIonipha yikhona izinyamazanezingezukuqonda ukuthi kushiwo zona. Amaphisi wona asuke ezwana ukuthi aqondeni.Ukuphuma inqina kwenze uZulu waqonda amaqiniso amaningi maqondana nokuziphathakwezinyamazane nezigameko ezenzeka kuzingelwa. UZulu uqambe izaga eziningi ukuze lamaqiniso angashabalaIi:The Zulus spent some oftheir time hunting,and some ofthe proverbs reflect this.Umvundla ziyakuwunqanda phambili.KayihIatshwa mvusi.IhIatshwa ifulathele.Inkonyane yomdlandla yeqa la kweq' unina.(Nyembezi,1954:7).Ukuqaphela kokhokho konke okwenzeka bezingela baze babe nesibindi sokuqamba izaga,kuJuphakamisile ulimi IwesiZuJu:Ukungagcwalwa kwabo yintola emadolweni babe119

sebeba mathintanyawo, kulusizile uIimi Iwethuekutheni Iusimame.(Ntombela, Mathenjwa noDonda, 1997: 124).Izaga zinothisa uIimi futhi ziqondisa abantu ukuze baziphathe ngendlela efanele. Zibafundisaukuba impiIo bayibuke ngeso eliqaphelisisayo.Izaga ezimaqondana nolwazi oIutholakala kuzingelwa izinyamazane zehlukena imikhakhaeyisithupha. Kukhona eziphathelene nenkani, ezexwayisa ngengoZl, ezimaqondananokwenza izinto ngobuhlakani, ezikhuthaza ukuzibambela mathupha, eziphathelenenokuthandabuza nezikhuthaza umuntu ukuba afune izeluleko kwabanye.Elinye inoni Iolimi elivela ngenxa yenqma, yizisho. Kukhona ezakhiwa zisuselwaemabizweni nezisuselwa ezenzweni.Kuvela ukuthi iningi Iezisho ezithintene nokuzingelaIisuselwa ezenzweni.Inqina inezigubho ezihutshwa ngamaphisi. Lezi zigubho zisebenzisa ulimi oIujuIile. UlimiIwezigubho Iuyankondloza Lokhu kuzibeka eqophelweni Iobunkondlo.Inqina ineziqubulo ezikhuzwa ngamaphisi. Iziqubulo zinakho ukuqagula amagamaezinyamazane ezithiIe.Kuvela ukuthi iziqubulo zinakho ukukhomba ukuthi zingesasiphiisifunda.120

7.2 IZINCOMOUMdali udaIe izinyamazane ezinhlobonhlobo wazibeka emhlabeni.Inhloso ukuhlobisaumhlaba nokuthi iSintu siphile ngazo. Inqina Iisiko elidaIa iSintu esalabelwa nguMdali mhIaesidabula ohlangeni. Izinyamazane zingumcebo obaIulekiIe kuZulu. Le ngcebo kumeleiphathwe kahle ukuze ingashabaIaIi.Abantu abasebenzisa imvelo ngesikhathi esifanele basuke behlonipha imithetho eyengameleukusetshenziswa kwayo.Umthetho weSintu uthi inqina iphunywa ebusika kuphela.Kunconywa ukuba abazingeli bezinyamazane bazingele ngesikhathi esifanele.Lokhukuyosiza ekutheni imvelo ingaphazamiseki.Kuhle abazingeli bazi ukuthi sibekelwangaphandle. Ukwazi kwabo Ieli qiniso kuyobenza bangabhuqi izinyamazane. Kunconywaukuba iSintu sehlukane nomkhuba wokubulaIa izinyamazane kungekho zizathu ezimqoka.Kuhle iSintu sihloniphe imithetho yezwe emaqondana nokongiwa kwengcebo yemvelo.Abantu mabehlukane nomkhuba wokungena eziqiwini badubule izinyamazaneezisengcupheni yokushabaIaIa.Kunconywa ukuba amakhosi nezinduna abambe iqhazaelibonakaIayo ekongeni imvelo ezindaweni aziphethe.Abazali bezingane kuhle babeyisibonelo esihle ezinganeni ngokuthi bathande imvelo futhi bazingele uma kudingekiIe.Lokhu kuyosiza ekutheni kukhule isizukulwane esinothando lwemvelo.Imvelo iyinsika emqoka ekuqiniseni ulimi lwesiZulu. Okhokho baqamba izimozokukhuluma bezisusela emvelweni. Inhloso kwabe kungukuthuthukisa ulimi.Kunconywa121

ukuba abancane, abasakhulayo bazihluphe ngokufunda amanoni olirni IwesiZulu.Kunconywa ukuba uZulu aziqhenye ngolirni Iwakhe ngoba luyizinto zonke kuye.Kunconywa ukuba ulimi IwesiZulu lukhulunywe ngendlela eyiyo ukuze lungangcoliseki.Kunconywa ukuba iSintu sicikoze ngolirni lwaso ukuze luhlale lukhanga ezindlebeni.Kunconywa ukuba izirno zokukhulurna ezinothisa ulirni zivame ukusetshenziswa ukuzezingashabalali esizweni.Kungaba kuble ukuba abancane, abasakhulayo bazimbandakanyenamasiko ancikene nernvelo ngoba irnvelo ingurnthornbo wenhlakanipho yornuntu.7.3 UKUSONGA JIKELELEIqiniso eliqanda ikhanda lithi, uMdali udabule ohlangeni izinhlanga ezinhlobonhlobo.Uhlanga ngalunye lunamasiko alo. UZulu uyisizwe sohlanga IwabeNguni. UZulu wakhelwephezu kwarnasiko oMdabu. Amasiko asungulwa ngabantu ukuze agcinwe yibo futhi abantu.Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi amasiko ayisikhali sokugwema izingozi ezithize empilweni yeSintu.Kusobala ukuthi isizwe esigudluka emasikweni, inhIalakahle yaso isala ingavikelwe yilutho.Kuqapheleka ukuthi isiko lenqina lisiko elirnqoka empilweni kaZulu.ISintu sihlornulakabanzi urna kuphunywe inqina.Izinyarnazane ezithile zithaka irnithi yokwelapha izifoezinhlobonhlobo. ISintu siqopha irnvunulo yekhethelo ngezikhumba zezinyamazaneezihlatshwe enqineni. ISintu siphinde sihlomule ngenyama ukudla esikudla maqedekwakheke irnizirnba eqatha futhi enamandla.Amandla siwasebenzisa ekusebenzeleniinhIalakahle yesizwe sikaZulu. Inqina ingumcirnbi othinta izindalabantu ngoba zakhiwe zaba122

nemizimba ekulungele ukugijima emahlanzeni nasemadotsheni.Inqina iphunywa ebusikakuphela. Lokhu kusiza ekutheni kungashayeki izixhumo zezinyamazane.Inqina inhloboningi.Lokhu kukhomba ukuthi uhlobo ngalunye Iwenqina luphunywangesizathu esahlukile kwesolunye uhlobo.Inqina ithintene nesiko lokweshwama kwenkosiyoselwa nesizwe esiphethe.Isizwe seshwama ngenhloso yokuthi sincinde ngemithiexutshwe nezitshalo ezikhiwe emasimini.Lokhu kubeka imizimba yabantu esimwenisokukwazi ukwemukela ukudla okusha kwasehlobo. Inqina inakho futhi ukuthint~manesikolokulungisa Wll1mmzane wekhaya.Umnumzane ukhishelwa inqina mhla ehlanjululwayoukuze abe msulwa. Inqina ingumcimbi okhalela ukulungiselelwa ngokugcwele.Izindalabantu zilungisa konke okwenza iphisi Iingazenyezi mhla kwenqina.lzinza1abantuzona zilungisa amanzi amponjwana ngesikhulu isizotha ukuze abazingeli bacime ukoma mhlawenqmaLiqiniso elimsulwa ukuthi isiko nolimi ngurnurnba nedlelo.Kugqama ukuthi isiko lenqinaIinomthelela omkhulu ekucebiseni ulimi IwesiZulu. Ukunotha kolirni kugqanyiswangamagama amaphisi awasebenzisayo ukuhlonipha izinyamazane.lzinyamazane zibizwangamagama angejwayelekile. Lokhu kukhuphula u1irni lube namagama anencazeloengaphezu kweyodwa.Inoni lamanoni ehlomulise ngalo ulimi IwesiZulu inqina yizaga. IsiZulu sicebe ngezagaezaqanjwa ngokhokho ngenxa yokuthi babephila impilo yobuphisi.Izaga ziqanjwengamaqiniso nezehlakalo ezehlakala kuzingelwa.Izaga zenze uIimi IwesiZulu Iwaba123

nomsoco phakathi kwezinye izi1imi ezikhona eNmgizimu Afrika.Okuhle ngezaga yikuthizithi zinothisa ulimi futhi zibe zifundisa iSintu ngamaqiniso empilo njengoba injalo.Kuthicosololo uma wnZulu ekhuluma olwethunga bese eluhlobisa ngezaga.Isithunzi solimisiyakhula uma abalukhulumayo becikoza ngalo.Izaga zikhuthaza ukuthi umuntu acabangeajule ngoba amaqiniso abekwa ngendlela efihlekile.Ngamanye amazwi, zisiza ekuqedeniabantu abavilapha ukucabanga bajule ngokushiwoyo.Ukuphila nemvelo kokhokho kubenze baphinde baqamba izisho.Lokhu babekwenzangenxa yothando olunzulu ngoIimi. Okhokho babekuqonda ukuthi kuhle umuntu enze izintoezinhle esaphila yikhona eyokhunjulwa ngazo lapho esedlulile emhlabeni wabaphezulu.IsiZulu lulimi lwesizwe samaqhawe. Ulimi lwesiZulu luyikho konke kuZulu. Lungumcebo.Luyinqolobane yokugcina amagugu namasiko esizwe.Lungamandla nokuphila kwesizwe.Isizwe ngaphandle koIimi sifile.

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Pooley, T. noPlayer, I. (1995) : KwaZulu-Natal WildlifeDestinations, Halfway House:Abashicileli bakwa Southern Book.Raum, O.F. (1973) : The Social Foundations ofAvoidance andTaboos amongst the Zulus, Berlin:De Gryter.Schapera, 1. (1937) : The Bantu-speaking Tribes ofSouth Afiic;!,London: George Routledge and Sons.Schwager, D. (1980) : SwaziIang, Manzini: MacmillanBoleswa.Shange,O.L. (1953) : Injula Nokujiya KwesiZulu,Pietermaritzburg: Shuter noShooter.Smithers, R.H.N. (1986) : Land Manunals ofSouthern AIDc;!,Halfway House: Abashicileli bakwa-Southern Book.Taljaard, P.C. (1988) : Handbook ofIsiZuly, Pretoria:noBosch, S.E.J.1. van Schaik.Tyler, J. (1971) : 40 Years Among the Zulus, Cape Town:Struik.Worral, M. (1991) : Dogs. Oxford Children'sEncyclopedi;!, 2 (2) : 74.: Greyhound. Oxford Children'sEncyclopedi;!, 3 (3) : 31.Xala, N.Z.E. (1991) : Sikhula Ngokuxoxisan;!, Kenwyn: Iuta &Co., Ltd.Zulu, M. (2000) : Izigubho Zengin;!, Melmoth: Entembeni.Zulu, VA (1999) : Isiko Lokulungisa Umnurnzane, Umquluongashicilelwe we Hons. RA., Umlazi :eNyunivesithi yakwa Zulu.128