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International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN-0975-3486,(Print) E-ISSN-2320-5482, April, 2014 , VOL- V * ISSUE 55<br />
April ,2014<br />
'kks/k i= & bfrgkl<br />
<strong>Jfed</strong> <strong>etnwj</strong> <strong>oxZ</strong> <strong>ds</strong> <strong>elhgk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> :<strong>Ik</strong> <strong>esa</strong> <strong>ckck</strong><br />
<strong>lkgsc</strong> <strong>MkW0</strong> <strong>Hkhejko</strong> <strong>vEcsMdj</strong><br />
* MkW jkts'k dqekj flag<br />
* ofj"B izoDrk] bfrgkl laLd`fr ,oa iqjkrRo foHkkx] <strong>MkW0</strong> jke euksgj yksfg;k vo/k fo0fo0 QStkckn<br />
fo'o bfrgkl <strong>ds</strong> Lof.kZe i`"Bksa <strong>esa</strong> vafdr vusdksa egkiq:"kksa dh<br />
iafDr;ksa <strong>esa</strong> <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> <strong>vEcsMdj</strong> fu%lUnsg vfxze iafDr <strong>esa</strong><br />
Hkkxhnkj gS] ftUgksaus vius d`frRo vkSj O;fDrRo ls u <strong>ds</strong>oy<br />
orZeku ;qx ij vfeV Nki NksM+h gS] viqfr djksM+ks 'kksf"krksa]<br />
oafprksa] innfyrksa dk fHk'd cudj lfn;ksa&lfn;ksa <strong>ds</strong> mu<strong>ds</strong><br />
nk:.k d"Vksa dk mUewyu fd;k gSA bUgh 'kkf"kr tuksa <strong>esa</strong> ,d<br />
cgqr cM+k <strong>oxZ</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa] <strong>etnwj</strong>ksa dk Fkk tks iw¡thokn dh HkV~Vh<br />
<strong>esa</strong> ridj fo'o <strong>ds</strong> vU; ns'kksa <strong>ds</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa dh Hkkafr vkequkf"kd<br />
thou O;rhr djus <strong>ds</strong> fy, vfHk'kIr FkkA vius thou <strong>ds</strong><br />
'kS'kokdky <strong>esa</strong> gh <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> dks <strong>Jfed</strong> cLrh <strong>esa</strong> vius ifjokj<br />
<strong>ds</strong> lkFk eqEcbZ <strong>esa</strong> fuokl djrs gq, <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa dh fodV xjhch]<br />
vkequkf"kd thou tks 'kks"k.k dk bUrgk Fkk] dk n'kZu gks x;k<br />
FkkA fczVsu ls ftl vk|ksfxd ØkfUr dk tUe gqvk mldk<br />
'kuS%&'kuS% fo'o <strong>ds</strong> vU; ns'kksa <strong>esa</strong> fodkl gksrk x;kA Hkkjr <strong>esa</strong><br />
Hkh 19oha lnh <strong>ds</strong> mRrjk)Z ls fczfV'k ljdkj dh vfuPNk <strong>ds</strong><br />
ckotwn ftl vkS|ksfxdj.k dh izfØ;k vkjEHk gq;h og<br />
/khjs&/khjs fodflr gksrh x;hA 1857bZ0 <strong>esa</strong> cEcbZ <strong>esa</strong> Hkkjr dh<br />
igyh lwrh diM+k fey [kqyh 1 blh o"kZ dydRrk <strong>esa</strong> izFke iVlu<br />
fey Hkh [kqyhA 1886 bZ0 rd diM+k m|ksx <strong>esa</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa dh la[;k<br />
74000 Fkh tks 1905 <strong>esa</strong> crk fd dksbZ Hkh bl fl)kUr<br />
<strong>ds</strong> fo:) gksxkA tPpk dks dqN le; <strong>ds</strong> fy, izlo <strong>ds</strong> iwoZ<br />
vkSj dqN le; <strong>ds</strong> fy, izlo <strong>ds</strong> i'pkr~ foJke fn;k tk,<br />
------------------ eSa bl fo/ks;d dk iw.kZr% leFkZu djrk gw¡A** <strong>ckck</strong><br />
<strong>lkgsc</strong> dh ikafMR;iw.kZ rd <strong>ds</strong> dkj.k fo/k;s;d ikfjr gks x;kA<br />
1928 bZ0 <strong>esa</strong> cEcbZ dh diM+k feyksa <strong>esa</strong> O;kid gM+rky gqbZ<br />
ftldk <strong>MkW0</strong> <strong>vEcsMdj</strong> us tksjnkj leFkZu fd;k ysfdu <strong>ckck</strong><br />
<strong>lkgsc</strong> us <strong>Jfed</strong> <strong>oxZ</strong> dk lkE;okfn;ksa <strong>ds</strong> lkFk tqM+ko dk<br />
fojks/k fd;kA mudk ekuuk Fkk fd <strong>Jfed</strong> vkUnksyu okeiaFkh<br />
izHkko <strong>ds</strong> dkj.k Hkzfer gks x;k gSa vkSj gM+rky dh 'kfDr dk<br />
mi;ksx <strong>Jfed</strong> fgrksa <strong>ds</strong> LFkku ij jktuSfrd mn~ns';ksa <strong>ds</strong> fy,<br />
fd;k tk jgk gS 4 A <strong>etnwj</strong>ksa dh leL;k dk okLrfod lek/kku<br />
;g gS fd os tkfr /keZ <strong>oxZ</strong> ls Åij mB dj viuk okLrfod<br />
dY;k.k djus okys usrk pqudj fo/kku e.Myksa <strong>esa</strong> Hksts vxj<br />
<strong>Jfed</strong> ,slk dj l<strong>ds</strong>a rks mUgsa vkokl vkSj oL= dk ykHk gksxk<br />
o dHkh Hkw[ks vkSj daxky ugha gksxs 5 A <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> us <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa dk<br />
okLrfod dY;k.k djus <strong>ds</strong> fy, vkSj mUgsa 'kks"k.k ls eqfDr<br />
fnykus gsrq 1936 <strong>esa</strong> bf.Mis.Ms.V yscj ikVhZ ¼Lora= <strong>etnwj</strong><br />
ikVhZ½ dh LFkkiuk dhA ;g <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> dk izFke jktuSfrd<br />
<strong>ds</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ks a <strong>ds</strong> fy, Hkh dkuwu cus aA bu dkuwuksa <strong>ds</strong> ckotwn <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa<br />
dh n;uh; n'kk <strong>esa</strong> dksbZ lq/kkj ugha gqvkA /khjs&/khjs <strong>Jfed</strong> la?kksa<br />
dk fuekZ.k vkjEHk gqvkA 1870 bZ0 <strong>esa</strong> czã lekth 'k'khin cuthZ<br />
us <strong>etnwj</strong>ksa dk ,d Dyc LFkkfir fd;k vkSj Hkkjr Jethoh<br />
uked ,d if=dk Hkh fudkyh 2 A /khjs&/khjs vusd laxBu<br />
LFkkfir gq;s vkSj varr% 31 vDVwcj 1920 dks eqEcbZ <strong>esa</strong> ykyk<br />
74 RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN-0975-3486,(Print) E-ISSN-2320-5482, April, 2014 , VOL- V * ISSUE 55<br />
laxBu Fkk ftldk ukedj.k ;g n'kkZrk gS fd mu<strong>ds</strong> ân;<br />
<strong>esa</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa dh dY;k.k dh fdruh vf/kd izcy bPNk FkhA <strong>ckck</strong><br />
<strong>lkgsc</strong> us viuh ikVhZ dk foLr`r ?kks"k.kki= tkjh fd;k ftl<strong>esa</strong><br />
Hkwfeghu d`"kdksa] xjhc dk'rdkjksa] fdlkuksa vkSj <strong>etnwj</strong>ksa dh<br />
vko';d t:jrsa vkSj f'kdk;rsa rFkk mudk lek/kku izLrqr<br />
fd;k FkkA tehnkjksa] rkYyq<strong>ds</strong>nkjksa <strong>ds</strong> 'kks"k.k ls d`"kdksa dks eqDr<br />
djk;k tk, dqVhj m|ksx vkjEHk fd;s tk;sa] cM+s iSekus ij<br />
u, m|ksx [kksys tk,a] rduhdh f'k{kk dk fodkl gks rFkk<br />
vko';d m|ksx dk LokfeRo o fu;a=.k ljdkj vius gkFk<br />
<strong>esa</strong> ys ysA bl<strong>ds</strong> vfrfjDr bl<strong>esa</strong> <strong>Jfed</strong>ksa <strong>ds</strong> dk;Z <strong>ds</strong> ?k.Vksa de<br />
djus] osru <strong>esa</strong> o`f) djus] vPNs vkSj LoPN rFkk lLrs vkokl<br />
dh O;oLFkk djus] vodk'k nsus vkfn dk izcU/k fd;k tk,A<br />
bl<strong>esa</strong> xzkeh.k fodkl dh ;kstuk cukus ij Hkh cy fn;k x;kA<br />
bl ?kks"k.kki= dk v/;;u djus ij ;g Li"V gksrk gS fd<br />
'kksf"kr nfyr <strong>etnwj</strong> oxksZa <strong>ds</strong> fgrksa dk laj{k.k vkSj mu<strong>ds</strong> d"Vksa<br />
dk mUewyu mudk ewy mn~ns'; FkkA<br />
1937 <strong>ds</strong> vke pquko es <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> <strong>ds</strong> bl ikVhZ us<br />
vPNk izn'kZu fd;k vkSj mUgs 17 lhVsa izkIr gqbZA dkaxzsl us<br />
cgqer izkIr dj<strong>ds</strong> ljdkj cuk;h vkSj [ksj eq[;ea=h cusA <strong>ckck</strong><br />
<strong>lkgsc</strong> us vius ikVhZ <strong>ds</strong> ?kks"k.kki= <strong>ds</strong> vuq:i dk;Z vkjEHk fd;kA<br />
mUgksaus 17 flrEcj 1937 dks [kksrh mUewyu fo/ks;d is'k fd;kA<br />
bl<strong>ds</strong> leFkZu <strong>esa</strong> vknksayu vkjEHk gqvkA ^^[kksrh dk fouk'k gks]<br />
<strong>vEcsMdj</strong> <strong>ds</strong> fo/ks;d dk lkFk nks** <strong>ds</strong> xxuHksnh ukjksa ls vkdk'k<br />
xw¡t jgk FkkA varr% yEcs la?k"kZ <strong>ds</strong> ckn ;g fo/ks;d ikfjr<br />
gqvkA <strong>ckck</strong> <strong>lkgsc</strong> us jsyos <strong>etnwj</strong>ksa <strong>ds</strong> dY;k.k <strong>ds</strong> fy, Hkh la?k"kZ<br />
fd;kA mUgksaus 12 Qjojh 1938 dks ekux
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