LUCWANINGO NGESIVE SAKANGOMANE
LUCWANINGO NGESIVE SAKANGOMANE
LUCWANINGO NGESIVE SAKANGOMANE
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<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong> <strong>NGESIVE</strong> <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong><br />
MANDLENKOSI CLlFFORD NGOMANE<br />
2005
<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong> <strong>NGESIVE</strong> <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong><br />
NGU-<br />
MANDLENKOSI CLlFFORD NGOMANE<br />
KWETFULWA KWENETISA TIDZINGO TETICU te-MASTER OF ARTS<br />
LITIKO LESIZULU NEMAGUGU<br />
ENYUVESIYAKAZULU<br />
UMHLOLI: DKT P.M. LUBISI<br />
LUSUKU: 15 BHIMBIDVWANE 2005<br />
II
SIFUNGO<br />
Mine Mandlenkosi C1ifford Ngomane ngiyavuma kutsi lomsebenzi nobe<br />
lolucwaningo ngesive sakaNgomane ngumsebenti lengitfolelwe wona, lokunye<br />
ngisitwa tincwandzi letibhalwe ngulabanye. Lapho bese ngifaka siciniseko<br />
sekutsi ngikutsatsa kuyiphi incwadzi.<br />
M.C. NGOMANE<br />
LUSUKU<br />
III
SETFULO<br />
Lomsebenti ngiwetfula kubabe wami Magogo Daniel Ngomane lebekanesifiso<br />
sokungibona ngifundzile, lapho akhona ngitsi mine tifiso takhe setitawuba sobala.<br />
Kungako ngitsi akalale ngekuthula.<br />
Angeke nangeliphutsa ngikholwe mkhulu wami, Ngangabani Isaya Magagula<br />
lokungulomunye labengifisela tilokotfo letinhle njalo. Ngitsi mkhulu lapho<br />
ukhona lala ngekuthula.<br />
IV
KUBONGA<br />
Ngitsandza kubonga Doketela P.M. Lubisi kutsi angisite angibeketelele ekutseni<br />
lolucwaaningo Iwami lube sezingeni leliphakeme. Ungikhombisile netindlela<br />
tekubhala ngiyetsemba kutsi kulolutako ngitawubhala kalula.<br />
Ngibonga naConstance Sibongile Msibi kungelekelela kubhala lomsebenti.<br />
Ngibonga konkhe lebengikutfola ekhaya uma ngenta lolucwaningo.<br />
Ngiyambonga neMdali kungipha emandla ekutsi ngibhale lomsebenzi.<br />
Ngiyetsemba sive sakaNgomane sitawutsakasela lomsebenti.<br />
Ngibonga Mvelinchanti kungipha emandla nelwati Iwekutsi ngikhone kucedza<br />
lolucwaningo.<br />
Ngibonge nemndeni wami kutsi etikhatsini letinyenti bewungikhutsata kutsi<br />
ngifundze nanobe bekumatima.<br />
Ngingakhohlwa nekubonga make longitalako Ntombikayise Tryphinah Ngomane<br />
nabodzadzewetfu C1arah, Sellah, Dulci, Khabo naCeliwe, nabo ngiyabonga<br />
ngalokwendlulele ngisho nebanaketfu boBonga kanye naClement.<br />
Angigcine ngekubonga Iona lobaluleke kakhulu, umkami Philisiwe Bongekile<br />
Ngomane ngekungikhutsata ekwenteni lomsebenti.<br />
v
SIFINYETO<br />
SEHLUKO SEKUCALA<br />
Sehluko lesetfula lucwaningo ngekutsi sivete singeniso, inhloso yelucwaningo<br />
yekugcamisa imvelaphi, lusendvo nekubaluleka kwesive sakaNgomane. Kuvetwe<br />
tindlela telucwaningo, kubaluleka kwalo lucwaningo, kuchazwa kwemagama<br />
latsite lanjengalawa: sibongo, tibongo, sive, nalamanye.<br />
SEHLUKO SESIBIU<br />
Umlandvo webukhosi bakaNgomane nekulandzelana kwemakhosi wendlaliwe.<br />
Kutsintfwe netindzawo lapho lesive besihamba khona size sifinyelele lapho<br />
sesitinte khona nyalo. Lusendvo Iwebukhosi kuye kufinyelele kulawa labusako<br />
nyalo.<br />
SEHLUKO SESITSATFU<br />
Setfula inkholo yesive sakaNgomane, emasiko kubaluleka kweMvelinchanti<br />
nemadloti esiveni sonkhe. Inchubo yesive ivetiwe lapho kwentiwa imisebenti<br />
yesive lefanana nefana nekuphahla, kubata, kwacha tibaya nalokunye.<br />
SEHLUKO SESINE<br />
Lapha kutsintfwe lulwimi nemasiko esive sakaNgomane. Kulapho kuvela khona<br />
kutsi lulwimi Iwabo beluba netinhlavana tetilwimi tetive bebakhelene nato.<br />
Ngaphansi kwemasiko kutsintfwe imfuyo nalokudliwako.<br />
SEHLUKO SESIHLANU<br />
Budlelwano besive sakaNgomane naletinye tive bucwaningisisiwe ikakhulu<br />
nebakaDlamini lokungabo labahlanganisa sive seMaswati. Kuye kwavetwa<br />
ngemphilo yebaka Ngomane kusukela esikhatsini sebuNguni kuye kufinyelele<br />
nyalo kuseMaswati.<br />
VI
SEHLUKO SESITFUPHA<br />
Sigcamisa luhlatiyo Iwelucwaningo netincomo letitsintsa emasiko, lulwimi,<br />
umlandvo wesive senibongo. Siphetfo siveta incabhayi yalolunye lucwaningo<br />
lolutsintsa letinye tive.<br />
LOKUCUKETFWE<br />
SEHLUKO 1<br />
UKHASI<br />
1.0 Setfulo 1<br />
1.1 Singeniso 1<br />
1.2 Inhloso yeluncwaningo 2<br />
1.3 Tindlela telucwaningo 2<br />
1.3.1 Indlela yekufundza tincwadi 2<br />
1.3.2 Kubuta kulabandzala 3<br />
1.3.3 Kusebentisa emaphephandzaba 3<br />
1.3.4 Kusebentisa Iwati Iwasemsakatweni 3<br />
1.4 Kubaluleka kwelucwaningo 3<br />
1.5 Kusatjaliswa kwelwati 4<br />
1.6 Umkhawulo welucwaningo 4<br />
1.7 Kuchazwa kwemagama 5<br />
1.7.1 Sibongo 5<br />
1.7.2 Tibongo 5<br />
1.7.3 Sive 6<br />
1.8 Umlandvo lomfisha weMaswati 10<br />
1.9 Siphetfo 21<br />
VII
SEHLUKO 2<br />
2.0 Umlando ngebukhosi bakaNgomane 22<br />
2.1 Singeniso 22<br />
2.2 Kwehlukana kwesive sakaNgomane 26<br />
2.2.1 LUdvonga I eSwatini (Ca - 1738) 26<br />
2.2.2 Ngomane Mdletje (Ca - 1744) 26<br />
2.2.3 Ngomane I Swatini (Ca - 1738) 27<br />
2.2.4 Inkhosi Simhulu Ngomane (1814 - 1825) 27<br />
2.2.5 Inkhosi Majembeni bakaNgomane 28<br />
2.2.6 Kulandzela kwebukhosi bakaNgomane 29<br />
2.2.7 Bukhosi baka-Hhoyi 30<br />
2.2.7.1 Inkhosi Khungwane Ngomane 1771 - 1865 30<br />
2.2.7.2 Inkhosi Mahumane Ngomane 31<br />
2.2.7.3 Inkhosi Ntiyi Ngomane 1849 - 1860 31<br />
2.2.7.4 Inkhosi Hhoyi Ngomane (Ca- 1891 - 1900) 32<br />
2.2.7.5 Bukhosi bakaNgomane 33<br />
2.2.7.6 Inkhosi Ntiyi II Ngomane (1930 - 2000) 33<br />
2.2.8 Inkhosi Mfufane (1810 - 1845) 34<br />
2.2.8.1 Inkhosi Sidlemu Ngomane 1845 35<br />
2.2.8.2 Inkhosi Shinyukane Ngomane 1872 35<br />
2.2.8.3 Inkhosi Mjejane Ngomane 1859 - 1912 35<br />
2.2.8.4 Inkhosi Lugedlane Ngomane 1836 36<br />
2.2.8.5 Inkhosi Makhomba Ngomane 1949 37<br />
2.2.8.6 Inkhosi Shinyukane Philemon Ngomane (1826 - 1854)38<br />
2.2.8.7 Inkhosi Mbhunu Ngomane 39<br />
2.2.9 Bukhosi bakaMachekeza 40<br />
2.2.9.1 Ikhosi Sibhutela naNgoloma Ngomane 40<br />
2.2.9.2 Ikhosi Ngoveni Ngomane 41<br />
VIII
2.2.9.3 Inkhosi Ngoveni Ngomane (1820 - 1868) 41<br />
2.2.9.4 Inkhosi Mgubho Ngomane (1857 - 2887) 41<br />
2.2.9.5 Inkhosi Mjokwane Ngomane (1890) 42<br />
2.2.9.6 Inkhosi Maqhekeza Ngomane ((1891 - 1942) 42<br />
2.2.9.7 Inkhosi Siboshwa Ngomane (1911 0 1946) 43<br />
2.2.9.8 Inkhosi Makunyule Ngomange 43<br />
SEHLUKO 3<br />
3.0 Inkhosi yesive sakaNgomane 48<br />
3.1 Singeniso 48<br />
3.2 Emasiko 49<br />
3.3 Mvelinchanti 52<br />
3.4 Emadloti 54<br />
3.5 Kuphahla 58<br />
3.6 Kufa 60<br />
3.7 Imvula 61<br />
3.8 Emabele/ummbila 61<br />
3.9 Leminye imisebenti 62<br />
3.10 Siphetfo 63<br />
SEHLUK04<br />
4.0 Lulwimi nemasiko 65<br />
4.1 Singeniso 65<br />
4.2 Sibongo sakaNgomane nelulwimi 67<br />
4.2.1 Tinanatelo 68<br />
4.3 Imphilo yesive sakaNgomane nemnotfo kanye netembangave 71<br />
4.3.1 Tinkhomo 71<br />
IX
4.3.2 T1mbuti<br />
4.4.3 T1nkhukhu<br />
4.3.4 T1ngulube<br />
72<br />
72<br />
73<br />
4.5 Lokutfolakala Emasimini<br />
73<br />
4.4.1 T1ndlubu<br />
4.4.2 Emabele<br />
4.4.3 Ummbila<br />
73<br />
74<br />
74<br />
4.4.4 Emantongomane 74<br />
4.4.5 Imfe 74<br />
4.6 Tembangave 74<br />
4.5.1 Inkhosi Dlema Ngomane nenkhosi Mswati 75<br />
4.5.2 Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane (Kalugedlane) 75<br />
4.5.3 Kuncishiswa kwetinkhomo nga-1938 76<br />
4.5.4 Kutsela kwetinja nebantfu 76<br />
4.7 Imphilo yesive sakaNgomane 77<br />
4.6.1 Buganu 78<br />
4.6.2 Umcombotsi 81<br />
4.6.3 Kuhlaba 82<br />
4.6.4 Kuganana 84<br />
4.6.5 Kulobola 85<br />
4.8 Budlelwano lobukhona phakatsi kwabakaNgomane naletinye tibongo 88<br />
4.7.1 BakaNgomane nebakaKubhayi 88<br />
4.7.2 BakaNgomane nebakaMalale 88<br />
4.7.3 BakaNgomane nebakaMdletje 89<br />
4.7.4 BakaNgomane nebakaMpapane 89<br />
4.8 90<br />
SEHLUKO 5<br />
5 Budlelwano besive sakaNgomane naletinye tive. 92<br />
5.4 Singeniso 92<br />
x
5.5 Lucwaningo IwaKhumalo 92<br />
5.6 Kulwaningo LwaMatsebula 93<br />
5.7 Bukhosi bakaDlamini nebakaNgomane 94<br />
5.8 BaNguni baseMbo 97<br />
5.9 Imisebenti yaSobhuza I 98<br />
5.10 Lucwaningo IwaKuper 100<br />
5.11 Kuhlobana etibongweni teMaswati 101<br />
5.8.1 Emaswati aseMpumalanga nelive leMaswati 104<br />
5.8.2 Emaswati aseNshonalanga nnelive leMaswati 105<br />
5.8.3 EMaswati aseNingizimu nelive leMaswati 107<br />
5.8.4 Emaswati aseNyakatfo nelive leMaswati 108<br />
5.12 Siphetfo 110<br />
SEHLUKO 6<br />
6 Luhlatiyo, lokutfolakele, tincomo kanye nesiphetfo 111<br />
6.4 Singeniso 111<br />
6.5 Luhlatiyo Iwelucwaningo 111<br />
6.6 Lokutfolakele netincomo 112<br />
6.7 Siphetfo 113<br />
7. Tincwadzi letisentjetisiwe<br />
114<br />
XI
SEHLUKOl<br />
1.0. SETFULO SE<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong><br />
1.1. S1NGENISO<br />
Lapha kulolucwaningo kulapho sitama khona kuhlwaya sihlwayisise ngebunjalo besive<br />
sakaNgomane njengobe sikhona lamuhla. Kulesinye sikhatsi kuye kube matima kutfola<br />
umnyombo nobe inhlitiyo yendzaba ngenca yekutsi utitfola uhlangabetana<br />
netindzatjana letinyenti leticondze indzaba yinye. Loku kudala kutsi kubekhona<br />
kuphikisana ngemibono kudzingeke kutsi kuhlalwe phansi kucodswane kute kuphunywe<br />
nelikhambi nobe nesisombululo kuleyo nkinga.<br />
Nalapha nasibuka umlandvo wakaNgomane, banyenti labatsi bakaNgomane bavela<br />
eMphumalanga(Mozambiki) kantsi akusinjalo. Laba bakaNgomane sibatfola lapho<br />
basaya kaZulu ngabo 1700. Kusukela lapho sibalandzele njalo site sitofika lapha<br />
bakhona nyalo.<br />
Naloku kungumsebenti lotsi awube matima kwenta lucwaningo lolunjengalolu, ngobe<br />
lokunyenti akubhalwanga phansi kudzingeka kutsi utfole Iwati ngetindlela letinyenti<br />
lokukubita kutsi uhambe nobe uhlale nebantfu labadzala bakucocele tindzaba letinyenti.<br />
Kungako situkulwane lesitako sitakutfola kumelula kutsi sitfutfukise lolwati ngenca<br />
yekutsi lokunyenti sitakutfola sekubhalwe phansi, kantsi Iona locale ngalolucwaningo<br />
nguye lohlupheke kakhulu kwendlula Iona lotawube asalucedzela.<br />
Ekucodsaneni kwami nababe Magogo Daniel Ngomane lokunyenti lebekakusho<br />
ngemlomo wakhe bese akubhale phansi. Kungako nami ngikubona kukuhle kutsi<br />
umsebenti ngiwuchube njengoba bakhona nalabanye lebatawutsandza kuwuchuba Iona<br />
lengiwentile, babenelutfo lekusukela kulo. Ngitsi uma umuntfu afuna kwenta lokuncono
nobe atfole lokuncono kunaloku ngingajabula, kodvwa lokungumlandvo wesive<br />
sakaNgomane.<br />
Sibongo sakaNgomane sitfolakala etindzaweni letinyenti. Siyatfolakala Kwalulu-Natali<br />
lekukholelwa kutsi ngulabo bebalandzela sigaba sebaNguni lesatiwa ngekutsi<br />
emaNtungwa. Sikhona eMozambiki kubesigaba sebaNguni lesatiwa ngekutsi<br />
ngemaThonga. Sinyenti kakhulu esigabeni sebaMbo lesigcwele e5watini<br />
nasetifundzaveni Iitimbili iMpumalanga neUmpompo. BakaNgomane banyenti kakhulu<br />
etiindzaweni letisedvutane nalemifula: Lubhalule, uMgwenyana, uMgwenya, uMlumati,<br />
iNkomazi naleminye.<br />
BakaNgomane bahlala etindzaweni letakhelwe tive teBapedi, teMandebele neMatsonga.<br />
Loko kwenta luwimi Iwabo lubhice naletinye tilwimi. Emasiko abo ngulawo esive<br />
seMaswatii anjengobe anjalo, loko lekukhombisa ngalokugcwele kutsi bangeMaswati.<br />
Asibukisise sifanekiso lesilandzelako:<br />
BANGUNI<br />
BANGUNI BANGUNI BANGUNI BANGUNI<br />
EMANTUNGWA EMALALA BAMBO EMATHONGA<br />
\ /<br />
IEMANGOMANE<br />
I<br />
BakaNgomane batfolakala etigabeni letimbili tebaNguni. Tonkhe tibongo teMaswati<br />
tiingena ngaphansi kwaletigaba tebaNguni letimbili letehla kusukela emachibini<br />
2
aseNkhabave taye tayewusima esifundzaveni saKazulu embikwekutsi tihlehlele emuva<br />
tigcine titinte lapho tihlala khona nyalo.<br />
1.2. INHLOSO YE<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong><br />
Lolucwaningo luhlose kwenta loku lokulanclzelako:<br />
Kuveta umlandvo wesive sakaNgomane lapho sidzabuka khona njengobe<br />
sikhona siphila lamuhla.<br />
Kuveta kutsi sibongo netibongo kuyini.<br />
Kubuka kutsi lesive sakaNgomane inkholo yasa itsini ihluke ngani kuletinye<br />
tinkholo letikhona.<br />
Kuveta ebantfwini kutsi lesive sakaNgomane sichumana kanjani naletinye.<br />
Nekutsi kwaya ngani sititfole sesikhuluma lulwimi lwe5iswati lolubhicene<br />
neseSitsonga.<br />
1.3. T1NDLELA TE<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong><br />
Lolucwaningo litawulanclzela letindlela letilanclzelako ngenhloso yekugcogca Iwati<br />
loIumayelana netibongo ikakhuJukati sibongo sakaNgomane:<br />
1.3.1. Indlela yekufundza Tincwadzi<br />
Lapha ngitamile kutsi ngifunclze tincwaclzi letinyentana letikhuluma ngaso lesive<br />
sakaNgomane. Kodvwa lengikutfolile kuncane kakhulu lokubhaliwe ngaso lesibongo<br />
sakaNgomane. Noko loko lebebangicambitela kona ngiyetsemba kutawugcina<br />
3
kuyincwadzi lebhalwe phansL Kantsi futsi nabo labantfu imphilo yabo isuselwa<br />
ebumnyameni futsi kuba sengatsi kuyacatjangwa kutsi lesive sakaNgomane lesesikhona<br />
nyalo Iinyenti litsi singebaNguni baseThonga..<br />
Basho konkhe loku akukho lapho kubhalwe khona, kuyacatjangelwa ngoba babeva<br />
bakhuluma sona lesiShangane. Lokubalulekile lapha kutsi Iona locwaningako kumele<br />
akuvete loku kube sebaleni nobe kubonakale kubhalwe phansi kutsi lesive sisondzalana<br />
kanjani nebaNguni baseThonga.<br />
1.3.2. Kubuta Labadzala<br />
Kulesive sakaNgomane kubuhlungu impela ngobe bantfu labadzala sebayindlala futsi<br />
bantfu labati umlandvo sebancane kakhulu linyenti ulitfola Iitidlela emankwebevu<br />
alitihluphi ngalokwenteka edvute nabo, lomunye nawumbuta kutsi ngemnyaka lotalwa<br />
ngawo bekungubani inkhosi yesive kuvele kuhlwe emini ungayotfoli kwamphendvulo<br />
leyo. Lwati lengilutfole kuMagogo Daniel Ngomane lungisite kakhulu<br />
kulolucwaningo.Wente kutsi lomsebenti ngiwente kalula ngobe bekangikhutsata onkhe<br />
emalanga.<br />
1.3.3. Ktnetrentisa Emaphephanclzaba/Bhuku<br />
Lena ngulenye yetindlela lengitisebentisako kutfola lwati mayelana nesive<br />
sakaNgomane. Nanome kulendlela kunetinkinga kantsi lolwati lunyenti kufanana<br />
naletinye tibongo, lekumaphephandzaba ukutfola emva kwetinyanga letinyenti futsi<br />
ukutfola kube siceshana nje. Lokunyenti kutfolakala ngendlela yekutsi ucocelwe ngibe<br />
bantfu labadzala.<br />
4
1.3.4. Kusebentisa Lwati Lwasemsakatweni<br />
lolunye lwati lutfolakala emsakatweni weSiswati (Ugwalagwala FM). lapha kusuke<br />
kulalelwa tinhlelo letitsintsa emasiko kanye netibongo letahlukene, kushiwo nekutsi sive<br />
lesitsite sichamukaphi. lapho kukhulunywa ngekutsi OOntfu laOOtsite ooze OObonakale<br />
OOyaluka, OOvelaphi nekutsi OOluhlobo luni.<br />
1.4. Kubaluleka KwelUCWilningo<br />
lolucwaningo luOOlulekile esiveni saseNingizimu Afrika. Ingani phela luveta umlandvo<br />
nemvelaphi yesive sakaNgomane. Nemasiko nawo lusha luyakhona kuweva<br />
afundziswa. Wonkhe lofuna kwati ngemvelaphi yakhe utawuba senhlanhleni yekutsi eve<br />
kulolucwaningo kutsi avelaphi emasiko nelulwimi Iwakhe.<br />
1.5. KUSATlAlAIISWA KWELWATI<br />
Ngalencwadzi lebhaliwe tinyenti tindlela letitawusentjetiswa ekusabalaliseni lolwati<br />
singabhala ema-atikili kumajenali. lamanye ekhophi atawufakwa kumatapomabhuku<br />
(libraries). Loku kutawenta Iowa lofuna kufundza atifundzele ngalokukhulu kukhululeka<br />
nekutsi uma alufuna Iolwati kuyolusebentisa utatitapela.<br />
Kantsi futsi njengobe lumayelana nesive sakaNgomane, Emhlanganweni nobe<br />
nakubekwa inkhosi kuleyo midmbi kungasentjetiswa 1010 Iwati nabo OOlwendlulisela<br />
embili. Nekutsi bati kahle ngelikllsasa labo kanye nelimuva labo.<br />
Njengoba emsakatweni "Ugwalagwala FM" kulapho nami lolunye lwati ngalutfola khona<br />
ngitimisele nekutsi emsakatweni ngilalele konkhe lokukhulunywako.<br />
NemaphephandzaOO nawo angasentjetiswa kusaOOlalisa lolwati lolubaluleke kakhulu<br />
nakangaka.<br />
5
1.6. UMKHAWULO WALO<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong><br />
Lapha kutawubukwa umlandvo nemasiko kanye nelulwimi Iweslve sakaNgomane. Lona<br />
mhlahlandlela welucwaningo utawusita nalabo lebeta emuva. Lolucwaningo lutosebenta<br />
kukhutsata naletinye tive kute nato tente lokufanako tibhale lokutsite mayelana nato.<br />
1.7. KUCHAZWA KWEMAGAMA<br />
Manyenti sibili emagama lasetjentisiwe kulolucwaningo kepha kutawuchazwa nankha<br />
lalandzelako ngenhloso yekutsi kucaciswe kahle nasekasetjentiswa:<br />
1.7.1. Sibongo<br />
Sibongo Iigama lalowo longumcambi wesive. Ngukhokhonchantii waleso sive. Kusuke<br />
kukhona lokugcamile kuye lokungaba kuhlakanipha, buchawe, buholi, bugabazi,<br />
nalokunye lokumenta ehluke kulabanye.<br />
Sibongo sakaNgomane sisuselwa emholini Ngomane. Sibongo lesisiselwe ebitweni<br />
ingomane Ielisho kubhulwa kwemahawu noma kwetihlangu kusuke umsindo lomkhulu.<br />
Leslbongo sihambisana nebuchawe etimphini, bugabazi etibhimbini, ludvumo<br />
emmangweni nalokunye.<br />
6
Lusendvo IwakaNgomane lugcanyiswa sinanatelo salesibongo kanje:<br />
(NGOMAN§<br />
1<br />
IMSHIKPl<br />
1<br />
~IDLAMATIKq<br />
§IDLEMU<br />
IMDUMEZULU<br />
1 1<br />
IMGANU I<br />
IMAMPUKq<br />
Lawa lavetwe ngenhla ngemachawe elusenndvo IwakaNgomane esikhatsini setigaba<br />
tebuNguni kungafinyelwa etiveni letikhona teMaswati, eMazulu, eMachoza,<br />
neMandebele.<br />
Sibongo ligama lelehlukanisa sive. Onkhe eMaswati anesibongo.lokusibongo akupheli<br />
kuyingunaphakadze kuleso sive. Ngisho nemfati nakatewendza uba nalesakhe sibongo<br />
nesekhakhakhe ate ayekufa.Sibonelo: LaShongwe waka Ngomane ngekutalwa waka<br />
Shongwe kodvwa wendze kaNgomane.<br />
Ngesintfu bantfu labanesibongo lesifanako<br />
kabatekani. Loku kubangwa kutsi kukholelwa ekutseni bachamuka kukhokho munye.<br />
7
ESiswatini bantfu babitwa ngetibongo tabo futsi kulapho kubonakala khona inhlonipho<br />
kantsi nesivakashi naso sibitwa ngesibongo.<br />
Kodvwa nawuhlangana nemuntfu sibongo sakhe longasati kuvamile kutsi kutsiwe nine<br />
beluhlanga sanibonani, nobe "Nkhosi" ngobe kususelwa ekutseni sive senkhosi sonkhe.<br />
Uma ungena emtini wemuntfu ucala ngaso sibongo kute kubonakale kutsi ute ngesihle.<br />
Sibonelo: Mshika uma ungena kaNgomane. Uma nidla nobe senidlile sibongo<br />
siyasentjetiswa Ngomane nibonga kudla. Ngisho nendvuna ekugcineni kwenkhulumo<br />
yayo igcina ngesibongo. Ngisho nemntfwana uma atalwa kuvamile kutsi abongwe kute<br />
Kuvele kutsi wakabani nobe wasiphi sibongo. loko bekuvikela nakaphiwe ngobe<br />
umuntfu bekaze akhule nesibongo salomunye umndeni atfole emaciniso esibongo sakhe<br />
asakhulile. Sibongo sikhona Kuto tonkhe tive. Tibongo yintfo lecale ngemva<br />
kweminyaka yabo 1600.<br />
1.7.2. Tibongo<br />
Cope (1968: 17) uphawula ngetiibongo atsi:<br />
The praise - poems reflect the background not only of social life<br />
but also of the country itself. There are frequente references to<br />
rivers (imifula) and mountains (tintsaba) forests gemahlatsi) and<br />
ridges (tinkhalo).<br />
Simelane naThwala (1991:39) bakhuluma benabe ngetibogo ngekutsi batsi:<br />
Tikhombisa impilo yelichawe name yenkhosi lapho beyiphumelela<br />
khona nalapho yehlulekee khona. Imbongi ayibuki lukhlangotsi lunye<br />
kepha ibuka tinhlangotsi tonkhe.<br />
8
Bahluti labacashuniwe bachaza ngemisebenti yetibongo eemphilweni yesive. Baveta<br />
kubaluleka kwetibongo njengemlandvo wenkhosi nekubaluleka kwemvelo kanye<br />
netigameko letiigcamisa impumelelo nekungaphumeleli kwelichawe lekuhayywa ngalo.<br />
Tibongo imicambo yembongi noma emagabazi esive lecanjelwa inkhosi, tikhulu, tilwane<br />
nalokunye. Thwala (2002:12) uchaza tibongo kanje:<br />
Tibongo tingumlandvo waloyo lekuhaywa ngaye. Kuhaywa<br />
ngebuhle nebubi, bukhulu nebuncane, tentoo letikhutsatakoo<br />
naletidzikibalisako ngaye. Tinemlandvo lojulile wemphilo ngobe<br />
aekekho lokwati kusho kutsi tocala nini. Kusukela ngesikhatsi<br />
saboMatalatala, tibongo betihaywa. Etibongweni kulapho kuvela<br />
khona labasondzelene nalona lekuhaywa ngaye, tindzawoo<br />
netikhatsi letehlukene. Etibongweni kuvela tigameko letitsintsa<br />
imphilo yaloyo lekuhaywa ngaye.<br />
I-Afrika yonkhe yatiwa netibongo. Tibongo tisisekelo sempilo yemuntu wase - Afrika<br />
ngoba tishiwo kukuhle, kujatjuliwe. Tishiwo kukubi, kugcwele lusizi. Tiishiwo<br />
etibhimbini tebuhle letifana nemitsimba, incwala, umcwasho, naletinye. TlShiwo<br />
etibhimbini telusizii lapho inkhosi ikhotseme, Iichawe liphangalele noma umnumzane<br />
awufalatsele lomhlaba.<br />
1.7.3.5ive<br />
Sive ngebantfu besibongo sinye, nome letinyenti labubutselwe ndzawonye ngemasiko<br />
nernihambo lefananako futsi lababuswa yinkhosi, sikhulu noma umhloli munye. EMaswati<br />
asive ngobe aholwa yingwenyama yinye, kantsi neMazulu nayo asive ngobe aholwa<br />
yingwenyama. Kukhona tive letinkhulu naletincane. Nantfu betibongo letinyenti<br />
letinjengaleti: D1amini, Dhongwe, Ngomane naletinye bative letincane ngekkwabo.<br />
Sibongo libitonchanti lalayo longuyise wesive. Nati tibonelo talowo mabitonchhanti:<br />
9
Shongwe<br />
Sibandze<br />
Ndlovu<br />
Mahlalela<br />
Kutsiwa sibongo uma kubukwe bunye, kantsi tibongo uma kukhulunywa ngebunyenti<br />
Iigama Ielitsi tibongo Iibuye lisetjentiswe raphe kukhulunywa ngalokuhaywakho.<br />
Sibongo yindlela yekwehlukanisa bantfu kulabanye. Sibongo besicanjwa ngetento<br />
tebantfu njengaleti letilandzelako: Tfwala sisho kutfwala, Malindzisa sisho kulindzisa,<br />
Maahlalela sisho kuhlalela naletinye. Letinye tibongo ticanjive ngemabito etintfo letitsite<br />
njengaleti: umhlanga > mhlanga; umtfombotsi > Mtfombotsi, emasango > Masango<br />
naletinye.<br />
1.8 UMLANDVO LOMFISHA WEMASWATI<br />
Lubisi (2002) utsi sekunyenti kakhulu lokubhaliwe mayelana nemlandvo weMaswati.<br />
Lokubuhlungu kutsi dshe lokunyenti lokubhaliwe ngeMaswati kubhalwe ngulabangasiwo<br />
eMaswati noma labangahlali lapho kuneMaswati khona. Lapha sibeka ngalamafisha<br />
umlandvo weMaswati. Emaswati asive lesiwatisako futsi siphila ngendlela yemasiko.<br />
Babantu labakhuluma sintfu kantsi ngekwemasiko nelulwimi babeNguni ikakhulu.<br />
Ngekulandzisa kwebakaMaanillan, (1993) bangebekudzabuka eMphumalanga nenkhaba<br />
ye-Afrika. Ngenca yekwandza nekukhula kwebeNguni ngaseNingizimu, eMaswati ewela<br />
umfula iUmpopo abesehlala eNingizimu neTongaland (Ienamuhla yatiwa ngekutsi<br />
yiMocambique) ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wabo-l400. Lapha kutawulandvwa kakhulu<br />
ngemakhosi ngoba ngibo bantfu labahola sive. Inkhosi iyinkhosi ngebantfu ngaklrke<br />
uma sikhuluma ngenkhosi leyo sisuke sikhuluma ngesive sonkhana. Umholi wawo<br />
eMaswati bekunguDlamini Wesibili. Ngemnyaka wabo-17oo, lebebahamba embili esiveni<br />
seMaswati, baholwa yinkhosi Ngwane Wesitsattu bawela umfula iUmpompo baya<br />
ngaseNingizimu. Kwatsi ngemnyaka wa-1750 babe sebatinte budze buclvute<br />
nendzaweni lekutsiwa kuseHluti. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu yaphumulela lapho,<br />
10
wabekwa emgedzeni entsabeni ledvute naJapho. Nalabanye labadvuna basebukhosini<br />
bafihlwa kulowo mgedze futsi nanyalo lendzawo isayindzawo lehanjelwa kakhulu<br />
ngetikhatsi letitsite.<br />
Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu abengewekutalwa elusentfweni lakaNkhosi Dlamini lapho<br />
bukhosi bebushiyelwana ngekutalana. Umlandvo weMaswati usitekela ngemakhosi<br />
langu-25 kepha-ke ngulaba bekugdna labangu-a lekunesidniseko ngabo kusukela<br />
ngasekupheJeni kwemnyaka yabo-1500. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesitsatfu kanye<br />
nalowamlandzeJa, Ndvungunye bacinisa buholi babo ngekuhlanganisa ngekukhulumisana<br />
nangekuncoba tivana lebetibudze budvute nabo. Letivana betiteBenguni kanye<br />
neBesutfu. Ngesikhatsi eMaswati atakha akhuJa, kukhula nekudlondlobala kwesive<br />
seMazulu ngaseningizimu, ikakhulu ngesikhatsi senkhosi Shaka, kwandza ngalesikhulu<br />
sivinini kwaya kwayofinyeJeJa lapha sitsi khona namuhla kuseFree State kanye<br />
nasetincenyeni teGauteng neMpumalanga, (Lubisi 2000).<br />
Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala lowalandzeJa Ndvunganye, wabese ngalokukhulu kushesha<br />
uya ngasenyakatfo enkhabeni yalapha namuhla sikubita ngekutsi kuyinhlitiyo yeswatini.<br />
KaLobamba kuJikhaya lendzabuko leNdlovukati, nalapho kulikomkhulu lesishayamtsetfo<br />
sakaNgwane. TlVe teBesutfu lebeseveJe tihlala lapho amange setitame kusimbatseka<br />
tifune kulwa na50bhuza Wekucala kwatsi ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi baveJe bakhonta<br />
esiveni sakaNkhosi Dlamini, base batiwa ngekutsi ngemakhandzambili. Ngekusho<br />
kwaGinindza, (1992) lapha kufakwa tive letingetekuphuma kuBapedi, Besutfu kanye<br />
nakubaVenda. Kantsi letinye tifaka ekhatsi letafika tisuka kaTembe nebakaDlamini<br />
kepha ngemuva kwekugibela tintsaba teLubombo tase tiyahlukana nebakaDlamini<br />
tiyewuhlala ngasemphumalanga endzaweni yakaLomahasha. Leti bekutibongo<br />
takaMaziya kanye nalabatalana nabo bakaMahlaleJa.<br />
Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala, ngekusho kwabakaMacmillan, (1993) abatiwa njengemuntfu<br />
Iokwatiko kuhleJa tintfo. Bekangalokotsi atimbandzakanye ekucabaneni<br />
labekangenasidniseko sekutsi utawuphumeJeJa. Abeteka ngebuhlakani. INdlunkhulu<br />
11
yakhe Thandile abeyindvodzakati yesitsa sakhe lesinemandla sibili, inkhosi Ndwandwe.<br />
Wabuye watfumela emadvodzakati akhe lamabili kutsi ayokwendza enkhosini yaKazulu,<br />
Shaka.<br />
Inkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala ngembi kwekutsi ikhotsame waba neliphupho lelisipholofido.<br />
Kudzimate kube nguleso sikhatsi abengemane ahlangane nalabamhlophe. Kepha<br />
kungenteka abeke weva ngabo ngandlela tsite. Ephusheni lakhe watjelwa ngekufika<br />
kwebantfu labanesikhumba lesitsi asibemtfubi banetinwele letinjengelishoba lenkhomo.<br />
Wayalwa kutsi angacali achitse ingati yalabantfu ngobe loko kungaba kubulala sive<br />
seMaswati. Lokubanga kutsi leliphupho Iibaluleke emlandvweni weMaswati kungenca<br />
yebukhosi beMaswati. Inkhosi ngiyo lephetse sive, imphilo yayo kanye nekutfola kwayo<br />
bantfwana kuhlobene ncamashi nekudlondlobala kwesive kanye nekunotsa kwemhlaba.<br />
Inkhosi iniketwe emandla langetulu kwekwenta lesingatsatsa ngekutsi<br />
asabuNkulunkulwane. Lakukhulumako kubaluleke ngalokuphindzaphindziwe. Emavi<br />
enkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili asite kwenta umgomo lomuhle nasekuhlanganwa<br />
nalabamhlophe. Emaswati amange ahlulwe ngulabamhlophe ngobe abamange sebalwe .<br />
nabo. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili yakhotsama ngemnyaka wa-1836 emLNa kancane nje<br />
kweliphupho lakhe, wase ushiya umsa wakhe, Mswati Wesibili lotalwa iNdlovukati<br />
Thandile asale abanguye inkhosi.<br />
TIVe betandza eNingizimu n~Afrika, umhlaba lomnyenti bewutsatfwa belumbi. Lesimo<br />
senta kutsi bantfu balwa bodvwa kantsi nalesinye sikhatsi balwe nebelumbi. Inkhosi<br />
Mswati Wesibili waba nguye inkhosi leyalwa kakhulu emlandvweni wemakhosi<br />
aKaNgwane. Emabutfo akhe abewahlelisa fana nalawa aKazulu ngekuwahlomisa<br />
ngetikhali letimfisha kanye netikhali letijikijelwako. Emabutfo akhe agasela adzimate<br />
efika nasenyakatfo yendzawo lesiyibita namuhla ngeZimbabwe. Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili<br />
wachubeka nemgomo wekutsi akhontise tive latehlulile uma nje tatisa futsi tihlonipha<br />
bukhosi bakhe. Sive seMaswati sakhula njalo ngekwengetwa nguletinye tive tebeNguni<br />
kanye nensayeyana yeBesutfu. live letinye betimatisa Mswati Wesibili futsi tita kuye<br />
12
titewukhosela ngaphansi kwelikhwapha lakhe nangabe tiva tingakaphephi latikhona nobe<br />
natihlaselwa ngulabanye.<br />
Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili (1840-1865) yatsatsa bukhosi ineminyaka lelishumi nesitfupha<br />
ngemnyaka wa-l840. Emva kweminyaka lemine watfumela titfunywa kwekutsi<br />
tiyewubuka emamishinari kutsi ete eveni lakhe. Nako loku bekungenca yeliphupho<br />
lenkhosi Sobhuza Wekucala. Kuleliphupho belumbi bebatawuta baphetse emabhuku<br />
nemali. Inkhosi yayalwa kuleliphupha kutsi iwamukele lamabhuku ngako-ke vase icela<br />
bantfu baya kutsi bakwamukele kufundzisa kweUbhayibheli. Kulandzela loko uMfundisi<br />
Robert A1lison nebavangeli lababili beLusutfu beta e5watini batfunywe baphatsi babe<br />
beWesleyan Mission lebeyikanise eGrahamstown. Cha kuvakala kutsi labekunene<br />
bemukelwa ngetandla letimhlophe futsi bebalalelwa sibili. Kwakhiwa sikolo lesincane<br />
eMahamba kulandzela kwekutsi sekwakhiwe indzawo yekusontsela endzaweni<br />
yaseDlownga. Umsebenti wekuphendwla nekufundzisa eMaswati wacala lapho.<br />
UMfundisi A1lison kwaba nguye lowaba wekucala kusebentisa siSwati njengelulwimi<br />
lolubhalwako. Kunyenti lokwenteka ngaleso sikhatsi ngobe belumbi besebeta<br />
ngebunyenti e5watini lebesekufaka emaNgisi kanye nalabangebekudzabuka eDutch.<br />
laka kwaletsa kudideka eMaswatini ngobe labelumbi bebeta ngetinhloso letehlukene.<br />
Emva kwembuso wenkhosi Mswati Wesibili besekaphumelele kuhlanganisa sive<br />
seMaswati lebesitive letehlukene kutsi sibe sive sinye lesinemandla futsi lesihlonishwako.<br />
Ugama lelitsi eMaswati vele litsatfwa egameni laya lenkhosi lekuchaza kutsi bantfu<br />
baMswati. Inkhosi yakhotsamela ekhaya esigodlweni kaHhoho ngemnyaka wa-l868<br />
enyangeni yaKholwane. Wafihlwa emalibeni asebukhosini kanye lapha kwabekwa uyise<br />
nenina khona, eMbilaneni. Kukhotsama kwenkhosi kwasho kuphela kwekuncoba<br />
nekukhula kwembuso weMaswati.<br />
Inkhosi Mswati Wesibili beyinemadvodzana lamanyenti lebekabuke kutsi ngiwa<br />
latawulandzela uyise ebukhosini kepha ekugdneni kwabekwa Mbandzeni lebekatiwa<br />
ngekutsi nguDlamini Wesine.<br />
Inkhosi I?lamini Wesine yabusa ngesikhatsi emaNgisi<br />
13
nemaBhunu abanga indzaba yebuniyo bemhlaba. Kuyakhumbuleka kutsi eMaswati<br />
indzaba yebuniyo bemhlaba bekangayati. Marwick, (1955) lebekanguKhomishani<br />
eSwatini ngemavi akhe uyibeka atsi lendzaba:<br />
The private ownership of land was unknown amongst them (the SWazis),<br />
and indeed throughout the Bantu world before the advent of the white<br />
man. The dominion in the land was vested in the whole nation and<br />
belonged also to the generations to follow; only the control of the use of<br />
it was in the hands of their ruler.<br />
SUch use might be given to anybody so long as the land was not needed<br />
by members of the tribe, and it was in the power of the ruler to vary his<br />
grants of land and even to cancel them for good cause arising from the<br />
behaviour of the grantees and from the needs of his people.<br />
(Marwick 1955:11).<br />
Lenkhulumo ifakazela kona kutsi bantfu live bati kutsi lenkhosi lekungiyo leniketa bantfu<br />
kutsi bahlale babuye balime kulo. Matsebula, (1993) uyakufakazela loku kutsi kwatsi<br />
ngekufika kwebelumbi kwantjintja konkhe loku bati bebati kona. Lokungaphawulwa<br />
ngekubusa kwenkhosi Dlamini Wesine (1875-1889) ngekulandzisa kwaMatsebula,<br />
(1993), kutsi kwaba netinkinga ebukhosini ngenca yaloku lebesekubaliwe kwekUtsi<br />
abemaningi emehlo lebekadze abuke lesikhundla. EMaswati alekelela emaNgisi nalwa<br />
nemaPedi, kwaba nesivulwano sePitoli lebesatiwa ngekutsi yiPretoria Convention kantsi<br />
futsi inkhosi yatfumela litsimba enkhosini yaKazulu, Cetjwayo.<br />
Inkhosi kubika Matsebula, (1993) acaphuna iNatal Witness kutsiwa nakancane amange<br />
iwme kutsatfwa sitfombe emphilweni yayo. Kutsiwa nayitjelwa kutsi emakhosi lafana<br />
naCetjwayo kanye na5ekhukhuni bavuma kutsi batsatfwe imifodo beyiphendvula itsi<br />
'Yebo, kepha baphi nyalo?'. Inkhosi yakhotsama tingu-7 enyangeni yeMphala nga<br />
1889 ineminyaka lengu-34 budzala.<br />
Lowalandzela inkhosi Dlamini Wesine kwabayindvodzana yakhe, Bhunu<br />
lobekaneminyaka Ielishumi nane budzala ngesikhatsi kukhotsama uyise. Inkhosi Bhunu<br />
beyatiwa futsi ngemagama aye languMahlokohla naHhili.<br />
Kepha waniketwa ligama<br />
14
Ielisemtsetfweni lelitsi nguNgwane Wesihlanu. Lokuphawulekako ngekubusa<br />
kwalenkhosi ngekuJandzisa kwaMatsebula (1993) ngunaku lokulandzelako:<br />
» Sivumelwano Sekucala seSwatini sanga-1890. Lesivumelwano besisekhatsi<br />
kwembuso wemaNgisi kanye nemaBhunu mayelana nekuhleshulwa kwelive le5watini<br />
Ielingale kweLuphongolo liniketwe emaBhunu kute bakwati kwakha umgwaco loya<br />
eKosi Bay.<br />
EmaBhunu wona bekumele awme kusuka endzaweni lebeyatiwa kutsi<br />
yiRhodesia kepha nyalo lesekuyiZimbabwe.<br />
» Emva kwekusayinwa kwaleSivumelwano 5ekucala seSwatini, kwabese kubakhona<br />
hulumende lobambisene e5watini. Lohulumende bewumelwe ngemaNgisi<br />
nemaBhunu watiwa ngekutsi yi Triumvirate Govemement<br />
Lohulumende watsenga<br />
lihhotela i-A1bert Bremer balenta emahhovisi ekuphatsa ekucala e5watini.<br />
Bremer<br />
labatsenga kuye Ielihhotela watse lidolobha Ielitawakhiwa kulendzawo kutawumele<br />
libitwe ngaye, kutsiwe yiBremersdorp.<br />
Nangempela, lidolobha lalapho belatiwa<br />
ngalelo gama kwadzimate kwaba ngu-1963 lapho eMaswati alilahla leli lesiBhunu<br />
ligama asebentisa leli leselidvume kakhulu lekuyiManzini.<br />
» Kubakhona kwelikhotho Ielibukela tonkhe tiwmelwano letikhona. Njengobe vele<br />
kulindzelekile, lelikhotho beliphetfwe futsi liIawulwa ngulabamhlophe.<br />
» Letinkinga letabangela kusungulwe lelikhotho tagcina setiholela e5iwmelwaneni<br />
Sesibili seSwatini sanga-1893.<br />
Lesiwmelwano besiwmela kutsi ernaBhunu abe<br />
nemandla ekuphatsa, avikeleke futsi ashaye umtsetfo e5watini ngaphandle kwekutsi<br />
iSwatini ifakwe eNtilasifali.<br />
» Lesivumelwano arnange samukeleke eMaswatini. Amangala nje eMaswati kutsi<br />
kungani iNdlowkati yemaNgisi seyifuna kutsi baphatfwe be5ikhwahlande.<br />
kutfunyeiwa titfunywa teMaswati eNgilandi kutsi tiyovisisa lendzaba.<br />
Kwabese<br />
Basuka tingu<br />
10 ngeMphala 1894 bafika tingu-7 kuLweti 1894. Lokubalulekile ngulo<br />
lebekubhalwe kulesikhalonyandzaleyo sabo lengekusho kwaMatsebula, (1993:157)<br />
besifundzeka incenye yaso kanje:<br />
15
We have been afraid of the Beers. We have lived beside them ever since<br />
they came into Transvaal. The country they OCaJpy ... was once ours,<br />
but all our people have been driven from the land by reason of unjust<br />
laws and cruel acts of their masters ... We see how happy the people are<br />
whom your Majesty has conquered in Natal, ZUluland, Basotholand,<br />
Pondoland... They live peaceably with the English. Their property is<br />
seaJred to them. They are paid for their services. The Courts protect<br />
them against injustice. None of these are enjoyed by the natives in the<br />
Transvaal. We therefore pray and implore Your Majesty to save us from<br />
destruction, which handing of us over the Boers will certainly mean.<br />
}> Kusayinwa kwe5ivumelwano Sesitsatfu seSwatini. Lesivumelwano besesiniketa<br />
inkhosi kutsi ichubeke kulawula ngendlela yesintfu kepha emaBhunu besolomane<br />
anawo emandla kepha lokunye kumele avunyelwe ngemaNgisi nafunwa<br />
kukwenta njengekwakha loliwe.<br />
}> EmaBhunu angena e5watini ngemnyaka wa-1895. EMaswati amange alwe<br />
nakungena emaBhunu akhumbula emavi a50mhlolo ekutsi bangachitsi ingati<br />
yaletifikanamtfwalo.<br />
}> Kucaciseleka kwendzawo yabakaNyawo, Mngomezulu naMatsenjwa.<br />
EmaKhornishini ekujuba iminyele anga-1866 na-l880 ayekela indzawo lapho<br />
bekuhlala khona letibongo letingenhla ingakatsintfwa. Lendzawo isemkhatsini<br />
kwemifula Luphongolo neNgwavuma. Emakhosi angaleso sikhatsi lebekahola<br />
letibongo bekunguMbikiza ahola bakaMngomezulu; bakaNyawo bona baholwa<br />
ngu5ambana kantsi bakaMatsenjwa bebaholwa nguMtjekelwane.<br />
}> Kuvakasha kwenkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu ePitoIi ngaMabasa wa-l899 ibitwe<br />
nguMengameli Paul Kruger. Kruger abebite inkhosi kuteyicebisa ngekuphatsa<br />
nekulawula IeSwatini. Bekumele kwakhiwe emahhovisi ekuphatsa kepha ngembi<br />
kwekutsi kwenteke loko kwasuka imphi lebeyatiwa ngekutsi yemaBhunu<br />
nemaNgisi (AngkHJoer War) kepha nyalo lesekuvelile kutsi hhayi bo, lena<br />
bekuyimphi yase5ikhwahlande kungako seyatiwa nje ngekutsi yiMphi<br />
yaseNingizimu Afrika. Lamahhovisi bekumele akhiwe kaManzini endzaweni lapho<br />
kwakhiwe khona Iihhotela iGeorge khona.<br />
16
Indlunkhulu Lomawa yabeleka indvodzana tingu-22 kuKholwane nga-1899. Uyise<br />
inkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu wametsa Iigama lelitsi nguNkhotfotjeni kantsi g090 wakhe<br />
Labotsibeni wametsa Ielitsi nguMona. Lamagama anetinchazelo letitsite. Lelitsi<br />
Nkhotfotjeni Iisho umgololo ingani phela inkhosi beyisolomane ihlala etintsabeni<br />
teMdzimba lapho kugcwele khona tinkhotfotjeni. Kantsi lelitsi Mona lisho umona<br />
lebewukhona emkhatsini webelumbi babodvwa, belumbi neMaswati kanye nasekhatsi<br />
kweMaswati awodvwa. Inkhosi Ngwane Wesihlanu yakhotsama tingu-10 enyangeni<br />
yeNgongoni nga-l899 emcimbini wencwala. Besekutinyanga letimbili vo icalile imphi<br />
yemaBhunu nemaNgisi ngesikhatsi inkhosi ikhotsama. Inkhosi yakhotsama Nkhotfotjeni<br />
aseluswane ngako-ke wabanjelwa ngug090 wakhe Labotsibeni. Indlovukati<br />
Labotsibeni yabusa wadzimate Nkhotfotjeni wahlanganisa iminyaka lengu-22 lapho<br />
atsatsa khona bukhosi tingu-22 enyangeni yeNgongoni nga-1921. Nkhotfotjeni wabese<br />
wetsiwa ligama lekutsi ngUSobhuza Wesibili.<br />
Kunengi lekwenteka eSwatini ngembi kwekutsi inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili atsatse bukhosi<br />
ngekusho kwaMatsebula, (1993), lokufaka ekhatsi kutsi kuphatfwa kwetemaposi<br />
kulawulwe eNtilasifali; leSwatini liphatfwe yiNtilasifali lekuMlayeto lewakhishwa<br />
ngulemaNgisi tingu-25 ngeNhlaba ngemnyaka wa-1903. Lokwashwacisa lugogo<br />
kwehlukaniswa kwemhlaba nga-l909 kanje:<br />
Umhlaba webelumbi<br />
Umhlaba wesive<br />
Umhlaba wenkhosi<br />
:56%<br />
:39.8%<br />
:3.7%<br />
Kantsi netitfunywa tesibili taphindzela eNgilandi kuyokhala ngendzaba yemhlaba<br />
lebeIumbi besebatentele matsandza.<br />
Ngesikhatsi kubusa Ingwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili kwenteka tingucuko letinyenti esiveni<br />
seMaswati lesingabala lokunye kwakhona lokufaka naku lokulandzelako:<br />
17
~ Imfundvo e5watini. Ngembi kwekufika kwemfundvo yeNshonalanga, eMaswati<br />
bekanendJela yawo yekufundzisa bantfwana lebeyinetigaba letehlukene.<br />
Bantfwana bebafundziswa ngako konkhe lokutabenta babe bantfu labakwatiko<br />
kumelana nemphilo kanye netinkinga eveni. Bevele seyicalile imfundvo<br />
yeNshonalanga nakutalwa inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili. Empeleni bekucala kufaka<br />
imfundvo yeNshonalanga kwaba ngemaWeseli kwase kulandzela beSheshi kanye<br />
nemaLuthera. Imbube amange ingene esikolweni semamishinari kepha<br />
yakhelwa sikolo lesaba sekucala kwakhiwa ngeMaswati alekelelwa<br />
nguhulumende. L.esikolo kwaba yiZombodze. Bekute sikolo sesekhondari<br />
e5watini ngesikhatsi imbube icedza kaZombodze. Kwadzingeka kutsi iphume<br />
iyewufunelwa sikolwa ngaphandle kwelive. Loku kwaba netinkinga kepha<br />
ekugdneni ngenca yekuphikelela kwagogo wayo, labotsibeni yayiswa eLovedale,<br />
eKoloni ineminyaka lengu-15 budzala. Kantsi ne5watini tikolwa tase tiyandza<br />
ngesikhatsi sayo inkhosi.<br />
~ Kukhotsama kwalabotsibeni nga-1925, lowaba nesandla lesikhulu ekwakheni<br />
sive seMaswati ngesikhatsi asabambele Ingwenyama.<br />
~ Kukhotsama kweNdlovukati Lomawa nga-1938 lokwashiya sive simangele ngoba<br />
kwakhetfwa dzadzewakhe Nukwase kutsi atsatse sikhundla sakhe.<br />
~ Kutfutfukiswa kwetemphilo. Bodokotela bebayindlala kakhulu kantsi netemphilo<br />
nje betingekho ecophelweni Ielisetulu. Nga-1918 bekunesibhedlela sinye kuphela<br />
eMbabane. Kwabhedwka tifo letinyenti e5watini letifaka pokisi, malalaveva,<br />
bulephere. Loku kwenta kutsi temphilo titfutfuke ngekufika kwabodokotela<br />
Iabavela emaveni lehlukahlukene.<br />
~ EMaswati alekela emaNgisi emphini. Emphini yeKucala yeMhlaba eMaswati<br />
akhipha emabutfo langu-67 kanye nemali lengu-£3 000 aniketa emaNgisi. Leyo<br />
mali yatsenga tindiza letimbili. Emphini yeSibili yeMhlaba eMaswati atfumela<br />
emabutfo langu-3 836 kuyosita emaNgisi. Nga-1947 emva kwemphi Inkhosi<br />
George Wesine anemadvodzakati akhe lamabili (Iomunye wabo kwaba<br />
yiNdlowkati Elizabeth) wavakashela eMaswati endzaweni leyatiwa ngekutsi<br />
18
yiGoedgegun ketewubonga eMaswati ngelusito Iwawo emphini. Lendzawo yase<br />
icanjwa ligama Ie/isha lekutsi yiNhlangano ngoOO phe/a kwahlanganwa khona<br />
nenkhosi yemaNgisi.<br />
~ Kutfutfukiswa kwetimboni netekulima. Emva kwemphi yesibili le5watini laOO<br />
nenhlanhla kutfola kutfutfukiswa kutetimboni netekulima.<br />
~ Tinhlelo tekubuyise/a umhlaOO. Inkhosi Sobhuza Wesibili yabona kutsi inkinga<br />
yekweswe/akala kwemhlaOO iyandza ngako-ke yase ice/a kuGeorge Wesine kutsi<br />
umhlaOO loniketwe eMaswati wandziswe.<br />
~ Kubekwa kweNdlovukati yemaNgisi. Inkhosi yaOO nenhlanhla kutsi yetsamele<br />
kubekwa kweNdlowkati Elizabeth Wesibili nga-1953.<br />
~ Kutfolakala kweNdiphethe. Ingwenyama Sobhuza Wesibili walwa imphi<br />
yekucocisana leyagcina iphumelele ngekutsi le5watini Iiniketwe iNdiphethe tingu<br />
6 ngeNyoni ngemnyaka wa-1968.<br />
~ Kuwsele/wa ketiNkhundla. Imbube ngemva kweMphi ye5ibili yeMhlaOO<br />
yawseie/a inchubo lendzala yetinkhundla.<br />
~ Kuwse/eIwa kwemasiko. Akungabateki kutsi Imbube ngiyo leyawsele/a emasiko<br />
lebesekatsandza kwenganywa emasiko asenshonalanga.<br />
~ Kukhotsama kweMbube yemhlaba. Ngemnyaka wa-1982 enyangeni yeNgd<br />
tingu-22 lifu Ie/imnyama lehle/a eMaswati ngekutsi alahlekelwe yiMbube<br />
yemhlaba sikhatsi kungu-l4h30. Njenge/isiko leMaswati INdlowkati Dze/iwe<br />
kwaOO ngiyo lebamba bukhosi. Ingwenyama yakhotsama ineminyaka lengu-83<br />
nenyanga yinye. Kutjalwa lokukhulu kwesive kwaba ngemhlaka 3 Imphala nga<br />
1982. Ngalelolanga kwagcotjwa Indlowkati Dzeliwe njenge/ibamOO lebukhosi.<br />
Ingwenyama nga-l966 yateka Ntombi Tfwala. Ibutwa kutsi imteke/ani yatsi ilaye/we<br />
ngulabaphansi kutsi loyi utewakha indlu yakhe. Nangempe/a nga-l968 tingu-19<br />
enyangeni yeNyoni LaTfwala watala Iijaha lelacanjwa nguLaMatsebula labengumfe/okati<br />
weNkhosi Bhunu kutsi nguMakhosetive. Indlowkati Dze/iwe besolomane ibambe<br />
tintsambo ngesikhatsi Imbube lencane isafundza eNgilandi. Kepha kwahamOO<br />
kwahamOO INdlowkati Dze/iwe yehliswa esihlalweni, kwabekwa unina we5i1o, LaTfwala<br />
19
kwaba nguye lobambela iMbube. Ngemnyaka wa-1984 kwakhiwa umuti webukhosi<br />
lomusha bawakhela iMbube lesesikolweni. Unina bekunguye lowenta yonkhe imisimeto<br />
esikhundleni sendvodzana yakhe. Lomuti watiwa ngekutsi kuseLudzidzini. Kantsi futsi<br />
kulapho iMbube bayiniketa ligama lelisha lekutsi nguMswati Wesitsatfu. Lapha<br />
kulesigodlo ngulapho iNgwenyama itawenta yonkhe imidmbi yesive lefaka sibhimbi,<br />
simemo, sibhimbi sekutfomba, kukhehla, kubala nje lembalwa.<br />
Ernabutfo eNgwenyama Mswati Wesitsatfu atiwa ngekutsi nguUndimpi. Kantsi phela<br />
Sobhuza Wekucala bekaneBalondolozi, Mswati wesibili aneNyatsi, Dlamini Wesine<br />
aneNdlavela, Ngwane Wesine aneNgulube kutsi Sobhuza Wesibili aneBalondolozi futsi.<br />
Lokubalulekile kutsi emabutfo eNgwenyama bekubontsanga yakhe, kungibo<br />
labamsingatsako nakunemidmbi yesive. Umntfwana Makhosetive wabekwa<br />
ngalokusemtsetfweni ebukhosini tingu-25 kuMabasa nga-1986. Uve le5watini beselike<br />
laba netigameko tekungalawuleki ngenca yembango wasebukhosini kanye<br />
netembangave lebetibhebhetseka ngendlela lecaka kwenta, kungako mmes of<br />
SWaziland yabika kanje:<br />
The Coronation of the Crown Prince Makhosetive as King and Ngwenyama<br />
cl Swaziland is hoped to end the intennedne wars among members of our<br />
revered Royal family and others who get themselves involved in Royal<br />
affairs.<br />
The entire nation has in fact calmed down from several shockwaves<br />
caused by political upheavals after hearing the announcement of the<br />
Coronation of Umnttwana Makhosetive.<br />
Even those who had cause to dissent are now in doubt as to the<br />
worthiness of their intentions. For, Swaziland, 1985 has been a year of<br />
trauma and agony. Many political upheavals have been experienced<br />
induding the downfall of political veterans.,<br />
(Times cl Swaziland, 30.12.1985 p1).<br />
Inkhosi Mswati wesitsatfu lokubalulekile ngaye kutsi ilandzela etinyaweni teNgwenyama<br />
leyakhotsama ngekutsi emasiko iwagdne njengobe anjalo. Lokusandza kuvela nje<br />
kuvuselelwa kwelisiko lemcwasho ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa-2001. Loku<br />
20
kubaluleke kakhulu ngobe kutawusita ekuncandzeni kubhebhetseka kwesifo<br />
sembulalave, i-AIDS. Kantsi futsi Inkhosi seyibeke indvuna lensha eLudzidzini<br />
ngasekupheleni kwemnyaka wa-2001, lowo-ke nguBabe Jim Gama lowatiwa ngekutsi<br />
nguMbhokane. Ngalamafisha umlandvo weMaswati ubekwa lapha. Kubalulekile neko<br />
kugcizelela kutsi sive sisive ngeNkhosi yaso kungako esikhatsini lesinyenti lapha<br />
bekulandvwa ngemakhosi ngobe phela ngiwo lasive. Inkhosi iyinkhosi ngebantfu bayo.<br />
Nawati umlandvo wenkhosi usuke wati umlandvo wesive. Emasiko eMaswati lahlala<br />
e5watini nalawa lahlala e5ikhwahlande afana ndmishi ngaphandle nje kwekutsi lawa<br />
lahlala e5ikhwahlande asangenwa ngumbuso manje tindzaba temasiko awasatihambeli<br />
etulu. Kepha lekujabulisako kutsi nasewasetinkingeni ayabuyela emasikweni.<br />
1.9 SIPHETfO<br />
Bucwaningweni kuyavela kutsi sibongo silibitonchanti lemholi wesive njengaso<br />
sakaNgomane. Sibongo yindlela yekwehlukanisa bantfi emmangweni kuze<br />
kUchunyanwe nabo ngaphandle kwekudideka. Umuntfu kuba ngumuntfu ngesibongo.<br />
$lve kuba sive ngemholi noma inkhosi.<br />
Umkhawulo welucwaningo itsintsa bakaNgomane ngako-ke kumele sitfolisiise<br />
ngemvelaphi, emasiko nemihambo yesive letawubukwa ichunyaniswe neyaletinye tive<br />
kuphawulwe ngalokufananako nalokwehlukene. $lve sakaNgomane sitawubukwa<br />
naletinye tive letakhelene naso - tonkhe letingaphasi kwesive lesikhulu sinyeseMaswati.<br />
21
SEHLUK02<br />
2.0. UMLANDVO NGEBUKHOSI BAKANGOMANE<br />
2.1. SlNGENISO<br />
Umalndvo weBenguni noma bantfu labamnyama ucishe ufane ngoba badzabuka<br />
ndzawonye. Kuncane kakhulu lokubhaliwe ngesive sakaNgomane. Naloko lokukhona<br />
kuye akubaveti kahle-hle kutsi bantfu bakaNgomane badzabuka kuphi. Lolucwaningo<br />
lutawuveta ngalokuphelele kutsi bakaNgomane basive siphi futsi bachamuka kuphi.<br />
Lokungiko lekutawubukwa kakhulu kutawube kucondziswe esiveni sabakaNgomane<br />
labatfolakala esifundzeni saseMphumalanga. Kusukela ngeminyaka yabo-1700 ye<br />
Afrika. BakaNgomane nanabo bahamba emave nemave kufika lapha batfolakala khona<br />
nyalo. Lubisi (2002:2) ubeka kanjena mayelana naloludzaba:<br />
Bangekudzabuka emphumalanga nenkhaba ye-Afrika.<br />
L..esive sakaNgomane besitfolakala ngebunyenti edvute nemachibikati abo Victoria,<br />
Malawi, Mweru, Kariba kanye nalamanye emachibi ladvute nawo. Ngalokuhlala kwaso<br />
lesive kulamachibikati kwenta kutsi lesive singalambi ngobe besikwati kutjala tivandze<br />
taso ngendlela lesasifuna ngayo. Kudla bekungasweleki ngobe bekulinywa<br />
ngebunyenti. Lesive besilima kakhulu kudla kwesintfu lekukwerndzabu. Besiphila<br />
kakhulu ngekutingela tinyamatane siphinze sidobe tinhlanti. Inhlanti yatiwa kakhulu<br />
kulesive, ngobe sati nekuyipheka ngetindlela letehlukahlukene. Imfuyo lebesiyifuye<br />
kakhulu bekutinkhomo, timbuti, timvu, timbongolo kanye netinkhukhu. Kutawuchutjwa<br />
kabanti kulesehluko lesilandzelako mayelana nemfuyo.<br />
Edvute nalamachibikati lebekutfolakala khona netive tebeNguni lekwavela kuto<br />
emaXhosa, eMazulu kanye neMaswati. BakaNgomane ke nabo njengebeNguni<br />
22
ebahlanganyele kanye nabo. Ngalesi sikhatsi lulwimi lebelukhulunywa bel
Sive sakaNgomane njengobe sitfolakala Kazulu naseSwatini kulolucwaningo<br />
kutawubhalwa kuphela ngebakaNgomane labatinte eMphumalanga kodvwa<br />
kutawuvetwa kuso lesehluko. Nanobe titawungena letinye tindzawo ngobe vele kulapho<br />
batfolakala khona bakaNgomane kutawube kubufakazi baloko lokubhalwe phansi. Eveni<br />
laseMozambiki ngaphandle kwetintsaba teLubombo sikhona lesibongo.<br />
Sibongo sesive sakaNgomane lesatinta ngalesikhatsi emakhosi lanjengaboShinyukane<br />
batinte kaSikukuza kudzala. KaSikhukhuza bekuhlala bantfu, bekungasiyo indzawo<br />
yetilwane njengobe sati nyalo futsi bekute umncele lokhombisa kutsi ngulenye indzawo.<br />
BakaNgomane nabesuka e5watini ngaseMozambiki batfolakala sebalandzela baholi<br />
babo bahlala khona kaSikukuza. Ngekushintja kwetintfo nentfutfuko konkhe kuhlangene<br />
bakaNgomane batfolakala sebahlala eThenbhushi ngalesikhatsi kaSikhukhuza kuba<br />
siciwi setinyamatane.<br />
Kepha nanobe kunjalo bukhosi bakaNgomane abumange bungenwe ngemanti<br />
emadvolweni bahlala bunjalo ngisho nesibongo sabo basigcina. Lako kwacaca kakhulu<br />
ngalesikhatsi kaSiboshwa (Sibayeni), kaHhoyi (kaMdzuba) nakaLugedlane (eMangweni)<br />
lebekwatiwa ngekutsi kuse Mjejane. Kulolucwaningo emakhosi akaNgomane<br />
atawuhlelwa kahle ngekulandzelana kwawo kute kuyofika kulesikhatsi sanyalo lebabusa<br />
kuso. Kushiyelana kwabo tinkhundla kutawuchazwa kafishane kute kutsi kuhleleke kahle<br />
umlandvo wawo Iamakhosi.<br />
Njengobe sekushiwo ngenhla kutsi kutawubukwa kakhulukati sive sakaNgomane<br />
IesiseMphumalanga kwentelwa kutsi bantfu labangumsinsi wekutimilela lapha<br />
eMphumalanga bati imvelaphi yaso lesibongo kanye nemasiko nekutekana (umtsimba)<br />
kwabo. Sibongo sakaNgomane sitawucadswa kahle ikakhulukati sinanatelo sabo,<br />
khona bantfu batokwati kutsi ngusiphi sibongo sakaNgomane sitawucaciswa kahle<br />
ikakhulukati sinanatelo sabo, khona bantfu batekwati kutsi ngusiphi sibongo<br />
labangatekani naso nobe bangendzi kuso. Sibonelo bakaMdletje, bakaNgomane,<br />
bakaKubhayi bakaNgomane.<br />
24
Nangabe umuntfu wakaNgomane akwentile loku akucace kutsi ukwente ngoba angati,<br />
kodvwa bantfwabakhe utabafundzisa lekungiko. Sinanatelo sakaNgomane sitawuvetwa<br />
ngalokuphelele kulolucwaningo kute banikati baso bati kutsi sisho lrutsini kanye<br />
nemvelaphi yaso kutsi kungani batsi baka Ngomane labantfu. Kuye kube lukhuni<br />
kubhala ngebukhosi besive lesitsite ngobe akukavami kutsi kubebete kubanga bukhosi.<br />
Nasibuka bukhosi bemaNdebele lekungulesinye sive sebeNguni kuyacaca Irutsi indzaba<br />
yembango intfo lekhona ebukhosini. Uphephandzaba Iibeka kanjani mayelana<br />
nebukhosi bemaNdebele.<br />
This is after the house of traditional leaders in Mphumalanga<br />
extended the deadline again for the hearing between King Mayisha<br />
ill and his brother James Mahlangu to decide who the real hero to<br />
the throne of the AmaNdebele tribe is.<br />
(Sowetan, Monday 7: 2002)<br />
Ngalesinye sikhatsi nengati iye ichitseke ngobe kubangwa bona bukhosi. Ebukhosini<br />
tehlakalo letifana naleti tiyenteka kantsi futsi tivamise kakhulu ngobe bantfu balambele<br />
bukhosi bafuna kuphatsa. Ngalesinye sikhatsi kuye kuloywane ngenca yembango.<br />
Kubulalana nako kuyenteka ngobe umuntfu ufuna sikhundla lekungasiso sakhe kodvwa<br />
asibange.<br />
Ebukhosini kuvamise kutsi kube bekushiyelana ngelusendvo, kodvwa kuye kubekhona<br />
tehlakalo letentiwako nangabe umntfwana lorndvuna akamange abekhona embelekweni<br />
yalelo guma. Kulesinye sikhatsi uye lomunye abambele uyise walokumele kutsi atsatse<br />
bukhosi uma asheshe wakhotsama asernncane. Kuye kube lukhuni nangabe umuntfu<br />
bekabambele Iomunye, atsi nobe ati kutsi bukhosi abusibo bakhe, angavumi kwehla<br />
uma umnikati sekabulungele bukhosi bakhe. Loluewaningo lutawuhlela lamakhosi<br />
ngekubusa kwawo kusukela kumadvodzana enkhosi Majembeni.<br />
25
Lamanye emakhosi lekabuse kucala nawo atawuvetwa kodvwa kutawube kugdlwe<br />
kakhulu kulawa lamatsatfu emadvodzana, lekungiwo atsatsa bukhosi bakaHhoyi,<br />
Manguneni nakaMachekeza. Lokunye lokutawuvela kutawuhle kungena njengobe nako<br />
kutawuwakha lomlandvo wakaNgomane.<br />
2.2. KWEHLUKANA KWESIVE <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong><br />
2.2.1. Ludvonga I ESwatini (CA - 1738)<br />
Kwatsi ngekuhamba kwaNgomane I aya eMiddleburg Ludvonga I wasala eSwatini<br />
nebalandzeli bakhe. Abamange bacabange kusuka eSwatini ngobe nalamuhla<br />
basekhona eSwatini endzaweni yaseSimunye naseMhlume. Nanamuhla leyondzawo<br />
ibitwa ngekutsi kukaNgomane. Ludvonga I kutsiwa wafela khona eSwatini bukhosi<br />
bakhe baphela kanjalo kodvwa lendzawo yona isatiwa ngekutsi kukaNgomane<br />
nesibongo sakhona sisasentjentiswa.<br />
2.2.2. Ngomane Mdletje (CA-1744)<br />
Ngemnyaka wa-1744 Ngomane Mdletje nakasuka eSwatini waya ngeNingizimu wate<br />
wayofika Kazulu-Natali endzaweni lebitwa ngekutsi kuseNkandla lapho wafike<br />
wahlangana nemabutfo esive sakaMtsetfwa ngaphansi kwenkhosi Dingiswayo. Kulapho<br />
watfolana nenkhosi Shaka wagdna sekayindvuna lenkhulu yaShaka. Wasebenta<br />
ngalokukhulu kutimisela esiveni seMazulu. Kwatsi ngalesikhatsi Shaka asakhotsama<br />
kwakumele kutsi amendlalele njengelisiko nangabe uyindvuna lenkhulu yenkhosi.<br />
Ngomane Mdletje wabaleka, watifihla wase uvumbuka sekatibita ngekutsi nguMdletje<br />
ngobe abalekela imphi yakhe. Sibongo lesikhona Kazulu saMdletje sakaNgomane.<br />
Kungako nalamuhla Kazulu-Natali batibita ngekutsi batelamani.<br />
26
2.2.3. Ngomane I Eswatini (CA-1738)<br />
Njengobe lamakhosi abetinte e5watini ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi NgomaneI nebalandzeli<br />
bakhe balishiya lase5watini baya bayotinta eMiddleburg naseMashala lapho kutfolakala<br />
khona sive seBesutfu. Bafike bacela kukhosela kulaBesutfu. Besutfu basivumela lesive<br />
sakaNgomane kutsi singahlala. Kwatsi nga CA-1744 Ngomane I watala indvodzana<br />
yakhe lewayicamba libito lekutsi nguSimhulu Ngomane lekusho kutsi<br />
"Insimu lenkhulu",<br />
2.2.4. Inkhosi Simhulu Ngomane (CA-1800)<br />
Inkhosi Simhulu Ngomane watsatsa bukhosi emva kwekukhotsama kweyise.<br />
Ngalesikhatsi atsatsa bukhosi Simhulu bebahlala eWhite River, eNsikazi. Bebahlala<br />
netive teBesutfu, emaMbayi ngasetintsabeni teLugogoda. Bantfu bendzawo labebahlala<br />
babanika Iibito lelitsi "Bashika-Mshika" lokusho kwehla entsabeni. Lamila lelibito late<br />
langena ngisho nasesinanatelweni sabo.<br />
Umuti waSimhulu bewakhiwe dvutane nemfula uMgwenya ubukene nendzawo lekutsiwa<br />
iPretoriuskop lekaSikhukhuza. njengobe bakaNgomane bahleti kakhulu netive letinyenti<br />
letahlukahlukene. Sibonelo: eMaswati, emaMbayi, Besutfu kanye nemaTsonga loko<br />
kwenta kutsi lulwimi lwabo luhluke kakhulu kuletinye tive. Kutsite basahleti nesive<br />
seBesutfu kwasuka imphi lenkhulu emkhatsini kubakaNgomane.<br />
Kuyevakala kutsi sive sebakaNgomane sehlulwa emahlandla lamanyentana saze<br />
sacabanga kubuyela eMiddleburg. Simhulu watfola indvodzana wayicamba Iibito Ielitsi<br />
nguMajembeni nga-1789.<br />
Kwatsi nga 1810 Simhulu wakhotsama wafihlwa edvute<br />
nemuti wakhe ePretoriuskop ngakaSikhukhuza.<br />
27
2.2.5. Inkhosi Majembeni Ngomane (1814-1825)<br />
Inkhosi Majembeni yatsatsa bukhosi emva kwekukhotsama kweyise. Kwatsi ngetimphi<br />
lebetikhona wabuyela emuva eMiddleburg nesive sakhe ngemnyaka wa-1814. kwatsi<br />
ngalesikhatsi bafika eMiddleburg bamukelwa kahle kodvwa inkinga yavela lapho<br />
Mzilikazi abalekela imphi yeMazulu leyayiphakwe nguShaka ichamuka Kazulu.<br />
Wahlasela Mzilikazi wabulala bantfu labanyenti besive sakaNgomane, kUlapho naye<br />
Majembeni Ngomane wafela khona kulemphi yaMzilikazi. Bantfu lebasindza<br />
ngemadvodzana akhe lamatsatfu boKhungwane, Mfufane kanye naMdvumane.<br />
Bebakhona nalabanye lebasindza kodvwa kulamadvodzana akhe kwaba ngiwo lawa<br />
lamatsatfu. Kwatsi emva kwekushona kweyise babaleka bonkhe ngemnyaka wa-1826<br />
bayawuhlala eMphakeni (Crocodilepoort) naseNsikazi.<br />
Emadvodzana amaJembeni abehlakaniphile. Abete umhobholo, abona kutsi kute alwe<br />
netimphi letibahlaselako kuncono kutsi ahlukaniselane lobukhosi khona atokwati<br />
kUjubela imphi uma ichamuka. Lamadvodzana amaJembeni ahlukanisa lesive<br />
sakaNgomane tigaba letintsatfu, kwaba nembuso wesive sakaHhoyi, sakaMachekeza<br />
nesaseMjejane (Mangweni)<br />
28
2.2.6. Kulanclzelana Kwemakhosi AlcaNgomane<br />
HHOYI KALUGEDLANE KAMACHEKEZA<br />
I I I<br />
Khungwane (1826-186 ) Mfufana (1810-1845)<br />
+<br />
Mahumane (1865)<br />
+<br />
Ntiyi 1810-1860)<br />
+<br />
Hhoyi<br />
+<br />
Nkapane<br />
(1891-1938<br />
+<br />
Ntiyi U (1930)<br />
+<br />
sandile (2000)<br />
+<br />
Sidlemu (1845)<br />
+<br />
Shinyukane (1872)<br />
+<br />
Lugedlane (1912)<br />
~<br />
Mphothi (1949)<br />
+<br />
Shinyukane (1964-1987)<br />
~<br />
Mbhunu (1998)<br />
MdJumane<br />
+<br />
Sibhutelana GoIomu<br />
~<br />
Ngoveni(1820-1868)<br />
+<br />
Mgubha (1865)<br />
+<br />
Machekeza (1891)<br />
+<br />
Mbombo (1942)<br />
Siboshwa (1911-1946)<br />
Machekeza m (2002)<br />
29
2.2.7. Bukhosi BakaHhoyi<br />
2.2.7.1. Inkhosi Khungwane Ngomane (1771-1865)<br />
Inkhosi yatalwa nga-1n1 endzaweni yaseMiddleburg. Inkhosi Khungwane Ngomane<br />
beyihlala eKomatipoort, Grobersdal, Sikhwani kanye neNyakatfo yeMphumalanga<br />
ye5ikhukhuza (Kruger National Park) kanye nencenye ye5abie.<br />
Beyinebalandzeli labanyenti lenkhosi ngobe nesive lebeyisibusa besihlala etindzaweni<br />
letinyenti. Ngekuphatsa kwakhe tindzawo letinyentana kwenta kutsi tindvuna takhe<br />
tisebente ngalokukhulu kutimisela ngobe bekafuna kuhlala eva kutsi kwentekani eveni<br />
lakhe. Nanobe kunjalo yafika kutomhlasela ivela e5watini, ibuswa inkhosi Mbandzeni.<br />
Yamhlasela ngemnyaka wanga 1845 wahlulwa Khungwane.<br />
L.emphi yalwelwa esiKhwameni edvute netintsaba telubombo ngaseKomatipoti kanye<br />
nakaMachekeza lekudvume ngekutsi kuseSibayeni naseNasi. Tintsaba telubombo<br />
tidvute kakhulu nalendzawo. Kwakhetfwa Sigave njengendvuna kutsi alindze imphi<br />
yeMaswati kutsi ingangeni endzaweni yaKhungwane kutohlasela. lowo mbono<br />
wahluleka ngobe imphi yeMaswati beyinemandla kakhulu lokwenta kutsi bahlulwe<br />
bakaNgomane.<br />
Khungwane wagdna sekahlehlela emuva lokwenta kutsi agdne sekayotincengela<br />
enkhosini yeMaswati Mbanndzeni ngetimphondvo tenyatsi netinsiba tentje ngenca<br />
yaletimphi letinyenti. Inkhosi Khungwane yagdna ibulewe.<br />
Lesive sakaNgomane besihlaselwa kakhulu ngobe bekungiso lebesakhe dvutane<br />
netintsaba teL.ubombo. Tonkhe tive uma tehla tibuya eMozambiki betehlela kuso lesive<br />
kungako besihlaselwa kangaka.<br />
30
2.2.7.2. Inkhosi Mahumane Ngomane (1865)<br />
Inkhosi Mahumane watsatsa bukhosi bakaNgomane nga 1865 emva kwekushona<br />
kweyise. Akamange aphile sikhatsi lesidze kulesikhundla. Washiyela indvodzana yakhe<br />
bukhoglekungu~.<br />
2.2.7.3. Inkhosi Ntiyi Ngomane{181D-1860)<br />
In~ Ntiyi Ngomane yatalwa ngemnyaka wa-181O, kwatsi<br />
ngekushona kweyise<br />
yatsatsa bukhosi ngal849 kwadzimate kwaba ngu 1860. Ndlavu umnakaboNtiyi<br />
wabulala intje yatsatfwa yayiswa kuMbandzeni inkhosi yeMaswati kutsi sikhumba sayo<br />
sentiwe ingubo yekumbatsa. T1nsiba talentje nato taniketwa inkhosi Mbandzeni.<br />
Lesento senteka nje Ntiyi akasitsandzi, Watsi asabuke laka Ntiyi, wahlaselwa nguMzila..<br />
Wabaleka Ntiyi waya wayohlala eveni leBesutfu. Kubalulekile sati kutsi ngubani Mzila.<br />
Abeyindvodzana ya Soshangane lowakhotsana nga 1856. Mzila abeyindvodzana lenkulu<br />
yaSoshangane lebekumele itsatse bukhosi ngekwemasiko esiShangane, kantsi<br />
Mawewwe behatalwa instandvokati.<br />
Lamadvodzana abanga bukhosi<br />
Matsebula 19n: (47 - 48) uchaza kanje:<br />
However, Mzila had been banished by his father, and had taken<br />
refuge in Spelonken, in the eastern Transvaal. So Mawewe was<br />
installed as Chief in Soshangane's place. But he was so cruel that<br />
this people soon grew tired of him and no longer wanted him as<br />
their leader. This was a good time for Mzila to appear at the head<br />
of a strong faction.<br />
Ndlavu watfola sikhatsi lesenele sekutsi ayotingela ngekwakhe kuMbandzeni amnikete<br />
lesikhumba sentje netinsiba ngekwakhe. Emakhosi lamanyetana akamange ajabule<br />
ngalesento sen~ Ntiyi. Matsafeni lobekahlala eSwatini weva ngalesento wase<br />
31
utfumela emabutfo lebekaholwa nguMthayiza naMagudu kutsi bahlasele Ntiyi<br />
ngalesento sakhe lesimbi kangaka.<br />
Ntiyi wabalekela eMgwenya lapho wagcina abulewe khona nguNdlavu. Kwatsi ngekutsi<br />
abuJale Ntiyi wabese ubalekela eSwatini wabuyela kulesiKhwahlande raphe wafike<br />
wafela khona ngemnyaka wanga-1889.<br />
Indvodzana yakhe Hhoyi yaboshwa yafakwa ejele lemphi lebelisedvute neThenbushi<br />
ngaphansi kwaMagudu naMzila endzaweni lebeyiyemaPutukezi. Ekufeni kwaMzila,<br />
wavalwa nguNgungunyane lowatsatsa Hhoyi wambuyisela esiveni sakhe.<br />
2.2.7.4. Inkhosi Hhoyi Ngomane (1900)<br />
Inkhosi Hhoyi Ngomane akwatiwa kutsi watalwa nini, ko
2.2.7.5. Inlchosi Nkapane Ngomane (1939)<br />
Inkhosi Nkapane watsatsa bukhosi ngemnyaka wa-1939. Lokubuhlungu ngaye kutsi<br />
wagcina aboshiwe asejele hhayi ngetindzaba tekubanga live nobe kuhJaselana<br />
kwebukhosi kodvwa waboshelwa kubulala umkakhe. Ekuboshweni kwakhe bukhosi<br />
basala bachubeka.<br />
Bantfu lebachubeka tindvuna kanye nelibambela lakhe Mdzuba Ngomane. Indvodzana<br />
yaNkapane yafundza esikolweni kodvwa ngenca yemsebenti lobewulindzelekile kuyo<br />
yabuyela ekhaya kuyotsatsa bukhosi bayo.<br />
2.2.7.6.lnkhosi Ntiyi D Ngomane (1930-2000)<br />
Inkhosi Eric Ntiyi Ngomane watalwa ngemnyaka wanga-1930 kaHhoyi edvute nemfula<br />
uMgwenya. Ngaleso sikhatsi sive sakaNgomane besisengakatfutfwa sayiswa esigodzini<br />
saseNkomazi lapho iHhoyi itinte khona. Ntiyi wafundza khona kaHhoyi esikolweni<br />
iMgwenya.<br />
Leso sikolo sakhishwa kaHhoyi sahlanganiswa ne-Emmanuel Mission School, sagdna<br />
sesibitwa ngekutsi yi Komatipoort United School. Wacedza libanga lesitfupha<br />
ngemnyaka wa-1948. Emva kwekucedza lelobanga wahamba wayosebenta eJozi<br />
sikhatsi lesidze kwate kwaba sikhatsi lapho acelwa ngumnumzane Jansen kutsi abuye<br />
atotsatsa bukhosi bakhe bakaHhoyi.<br />
Ngemnyaka wanga-1969 wabekwa kutsi abe yinkhosi yakaHhoyi edvute nase Fig-Tree.<br />
Ngemnyaka wanga-1978 ngalesikhatsi kucala tabelo wacelwa ngumhlonishwa EJ<br />
Mabuza longasekho kutsi abambe litiko letekulima nemahlatsi. Lesikhundla wasibamba<br />
nga-1978 kwate kwaba ngumnyaka wanga-1993. Ngaleso sikhatsi asabambe<br />
33
kaNgwane,lowambambela ebukhosini bakhe bakaHhoyi bekunguMdzubu Ngomane<br />
lowambambela kusukela ngemnyaka wanga-1978 kwate kwadzimate kwaba ngumnyaka<br />
wanga-1993.<br />
Inkhosi Ntiyi Ngomane ngiyo lebeyinemfati munye, lamanye emakhosi avamise kuba<br />
nesitsembu. Kuyevakala futsi kutsi yatsatsa umfati leyamtfola ameme litfole, kodvwa<br />
lokuhle kutsi ubuye wabeleka bafana lababili. Sizwe naSandile Ntiyi Ngomane<br />
bekasiphetse kahle kakhulu slve sakhe ngobe besite tigameko letinyenti letivela ebandla<br />
kusolwa yona inkhosi locobo Iwayo. Kunesidniseko sekutsi inkhosi Ntiyi yashona<br />
ngalesikhatsl iyokhibika eSwatini iyotifaka ephungulweni lesilumbi ehhotela iPitoli.<br />
Imbangela yekutsi ishone kutsi bephuta kuyikhipha kulelophungulo yate yandlulelwa<br />
sikhatsl sekuhlala kulo leliphungulo. Ekhotsameni kwakhe Ntiyi kwabekwa indvodzana<br />
yakhe sandile ngemnyaka wa-2001, ngobe Sizwe lebekumele kutsi kube nguye loba<br />
yinkhosi washona ngemnyaka wa-2000<br />
2.2.7.7.lnkhosi sandile Ngomane<br />
Inkhosi sandile Ngomane wafundza esikolweni kaHhoyi Primary SChool. Wachubekela<br />
embili kuyophotfula tifundvo takhe tebuthishela. Kwanyalo nguthishela.<br />
2.2.8. Bukhosi BakaLugedlane<br />
2.2.8.1.lnkhosi Mfufane (1810-1845)<br />
Inkhosi Mfufane Ngomane nebalandzeli bakhe bebahlala e1ugogodvo, Nsikazi, Mgwenya<br />
(Crocodile River), Hectorspruit (Mjejane, Thenbushi, Pretoriuskop).<br />
Kunesidniseko kutsi watalwa ngemnyaka wanga-1786 kaSihkukhuza ngobe umlandvo<br />
uyasho kutsi waphila nenkhosi yeMaswati Mswati IT nga-(181Q-1845) kutsi kwentekani<br />
34
ngayo lenkhosi akuvakali kodvwa kuyavela kutsi emva kwekushona kwayo lowatsatsa<br />
bukhosi indvodzana yakhe Sidlemu.<br />
Kutsiwa ngesikhatsi Mswaati IT alinyakatisa lonkhe lasenhla asebentisa emabutfo ache<br />
iNyathi, L.ochegu, Imigadlela, Ugwalagwala na Giba abebambiisene nemachawe<br />
akaNgomane abengaphasi kwaMfufane ekulweni timphi letafinyela eLusapha, eMusina,<br />
eMokopane nakaMuhali.<br />
2.2.8.2. Inkhosi Sidlemu Ngomane<br />
Emveni kwekushona kwaMMane, Sidlemu watsatsa bukhosi emva kweyise. Ngiyo<br />
inkhosi leyahlala kakhulu neBesutfu kanye nesive semashangane. Kutsiwa kwaba<br />
nemphi, Sidlemu wahlaselwa Besutfu bamhlula baphindze futsi bamhlasela nakhona<br />
lapho wahlulwa.<br />
Kwatsi emuva kwalokuhlaselwa kwase kuchamuka sive sakaSambo lebesivela<br />
eMozambiki. sahlangana nesive saSidlemu kwahlaselwa sive seBesutfu, emaMbayi<br />
kanye nemaTsonga. Kulapho baphumelela khona emphini ngeminyaka yabo 1872-1900.<br />
Sidlemu wajabula kakhulu wate waniketa sive sakaSambo indzawo yekuhlala<br />
kaSikhukhuza lapho beyibitwa ngekutsi kuseGomondvwane. Sidlemu nave<br />
akacondzakaJi kutsi wafa kanjani kodvwa wafa ngemnyaka wanga-19OO bukhosi base<br />
butsatfwa yindvodzana yakhe Shinyukane<br />
2.2.8.3. Inkhosi Shinyukane Ngomane<br />
Shinyukane watalwa ngalesikhatsi bakaSambo bafika eMphumalanga bavela<br />
eMozambiki. Bafike bahlala kaSikhukhuza. Babambisana kahle kakhulu ikakhulukati uma<br />
kuliwa timphi. Bahlangana baba munye kulemphi.<br />
35
Kushona kwa5hinyukane akwatiwa kahle kodvwa lidliza lakhe likaSikhukhuza lapho<br />
wabekwa khona belusendvo Iwakhe. Lokukhunjulwako ngaye kutsi bekanemakhosikati<br />
lamanyenti, kodvwa inkhosikati yakhe yekucala ngiyo lekhunjulwa kakhulu. Ubito lava<br />
bekungu Nkalala Silombo. Inkhosi Shinyukane bekanemadvodzana lasitfupha. Emabito<br />
awo nawa ngentansi:<br />
+ Mjejane<br />
+ Mhlahlelimdladleli<br />
.:- Hongwane<br />
-:. Galathi<br />
+ Vimbela<br />
.:- Mhoyila<br />
Ekukhotsameni kwaShinyukane indvodzana yakhe Mjejane kwaba<br />
ngiyo leyatsatsa<br />
lobukhosi.<br />
2.2.8.4. Inkhosi Mjejane Ngomane (1859-1912)<br />
Inkhosi Mjejane Ngomane akwatiwa kutsi watalwa nini kahle kodvwa kunelitsemba<br />
lelikhulu kutsi kwangatsi wabelekwa ngemnyaka wanga-1849. Inkhosi Mjejane kutsiwa<br />
bekanemakhosikati lalishumi nesikhombisa. Lamakhosikati akhe onkhe bekahlala nawo<br />
endzaweni yase Hectorspruit (eMjejane) macondzana ne-Oorsprong raphe wakha khona<br />
umuti wakhe lomkhulu kakhulu.<br />
Inkhosi Mjejane wawalolonga emabutfo akhe ngobe afuna kuncoba tive letinyenti.<br />
Kutsite apho abona kutsi sekalolongwe kahle emabutfo wahlasela tive teBesutfu,<br />
Shangane (Tsonga), wate wayofika eMphumalanga yePitoIi, Lydenburg, Mjaji,<br />
Sikhukhuni, Mhuluhulu, Tzaneen wate wachubeka wayohlasela live lase Mozambiki<br />
lapho wabulala khona bantfu labanyenti kakhuJu. Inkhosi yeMaswati yona arnange<br />
36
ayihlasele ngobe bebabangani futsj bevana kakhulu.<br />
Mbandzeni uchazwa nguKuper (1974:20) kanje:<br />
Emakhosi eMaswati naMahlkohla.<br />
Swazi government remained unchanged by the presence of<br />
Europeans in the early years of Mbandzeni's reign. He continued in<br />
the traditions that glorified Dlamini pedigree and military strength.<br />
His regiments raided tribes in the Zoutpansberg and Iydenburg<br />
District, and he punished with death any attack on his privileges.<br />
Kutsowe emachawe esive sakaNgomane abebambisene newaletinye tive letingaphasi<br />
KwaMbandzeni ekulweni timpi Abeholwa tiidvuna letilandzelako.<br />
letilandzeelako:<br />
Abeholwa tindvuna<br />
~ 5andlane Zwane<br />
~ Mbovane Fakude<br />
~ Tikhuba Magogo<br />
~ Majwayizwa Simelane<br />
~ Shabangwane Ginindza<br />
Emabutfo lebekuhlaselwa ngawo iNdlavela naLochegu. Ngalesikhatsi ahlasela letive<br />
bekungumnyaka wanga-l900. Kunesidniseko kutsi inkhosi Mjejane washona nga-1912<br />
ngeNdlovane mhla titintsatfu tinsuku yate yabekwa emtini wayo lomkhulu lobewuse<br />
Hectorspruit dvutane nedibhi lapho bekudibhela khona tinkhomo.<br />
2.2.8.5. Inkhosi Lugedlane Ngomane (1836)<br />
Inkhosi Lugedlane yatalwa ngemnyaka wanga-1836 eGomondvwane kaSikhukhuza.<br />
Emva kwekukhotsana kweyise ngemnyaka wanga-1912 watsatsa bukhosi<br />
bakaLugedlane yena akatsandzanga kuhlala eMjejane.<br />
Wasitfutsa sigodlo sakhe wasiyisa eMandabulela ngemnyaka wanga-1915 lapho wafike<br />
wahlala khona nemuti wakhe kanye nesigodlo sakhe sonkhe. Wabeka tindvuna takhe<br />
letimbili kutsi kube ngito letitambukisa ~uphatseni<br />
kanye nasekunakekeleni sive sakhe<br />
37
sakaLugedlane. Tindvuna takhe bekunguMaphungulo Matsebula kanye naGebhu<br />
Ndlovu.<br />
Indvuna Maphungulo Matsebula bekayindvuna yenkhosi Lugedlane. Beyiphetse sigodzi<br />
saseMandabulela lesifaka phakatsi indzawo i-Qarsprong kanye nenshonalanga<br />
yalesigodzi.<br />
Gebhu Ndlovu bekayindvuna nave yakaLugedlane. Bekaphetse tigodzi tase UIIy<br />
Pondspruit nenshonalanga yeThenbushi. Gebhu Ndlovu bekanetindvuna takhe nave<br />
lebetimsita ekuphatseni letigodzi lebetingaphansi kwakhe. Letindvuna takhe<br />
bekungulaba labalandzelako:<br />
ukhosi wabuniketa indvodzana yakhe Phambanisa Ngomane kutsi kube nguye<br />
lotawubusa sive sakaNgomane.<br />
Phambanisa wabusa kusukela ngemnyaka wanga-1958 kwate kwadzimate kwaba<br />
ngumnyaka wanga-1962. Ernveni kwekushona kwaPhambanisa kwaceIwa Mapulango<br />
Matsebula kutsi kube nguye lobambela Shinyukane kuze kube ngumnyaka wanga-l964.<br />
2.2.8.7.lnkhosi Shinyukane Philemon Ngomane (1964-1987)<br />
Inkhosi Shinyukane Philemon Ngomane wacala kubusa nga-l964 lapho bekabambele<br />
umntfwana wemnakabo kodvwa kwatsi emva kweminyaka lembalwa washona<br />
lomntfwana wasale wachubeka wabusa njengenkhosi kulobukhosi bakaNgomane<br />
(Lugedlane).<br />
Wabubamba Philemon lobukhosi kwate kwaba sikhatsi lapho wase utfola ingoti yemoto<br />
ngemnyaka wanga-1987 enyangeni Yengci ngemnyaka wetinkhulungwane letimbili<br />
nakubili washona. Kutsite ngenca yekuphela kwendlu (liguma) lenkhosi Makhomba<br />
Ngomane bukhosi baniketwa Mbhunu Ngomane.<br />
2.2.8.8. Inkhosi Mbhunu Ngomane<br />
Inkhosi Mbhunu Ngomane wafundza emabanga laphansi khona kaLugedlane Primary<br />
School. Waphotfula tifundvo takhe takaMatekuletjenikhona kaLugedJane esikolweni<br />
lesiphakeme iNkomazi. Watsatsa bukhosi bakhe kuPhilemon Ngomane lobekalibamba.<br />
Wabekwa esikhundleni nga-l988. Kusukela leso sikhatsi solo nguye inkhosi yesive<br />
sakaLugedlana. Kwanyalo unemakhosikati lamatsatfu kuphela kodvwa kusetsembisa<br />
kutsi angahle abe nalamanye langetulu kulaba labakhona. Inkhosikati yakhe yekucala<br />
inebantfwana labalishumi, yesibili inebantfwana labasitfupha, labanye bantfwana<br />
benkhosi wabatfola etintfombini takhe langamange atitsatse kutsi tibe yindlunkulu<br />
39
yasebukhosini. Kulesikhatsi sanyalo bantfwana leyinabo inkhosi bangemashumi<br />
lamatsatfu nakubili.Labalishumi kulabantfwana bafundza eSabie. Inkhosi Mbhunu<br />
Ngomane uyilwa kakhulu indzaba yekutsi bantfu besive sakaNgomane babuyele emuva<br />
eThenbushi lapho bebahlala khona ngobe abazange bakhishwe khona ngendlela<br />
lekahle.<br />
Kungunyalo sive lesinyenti sibhalisile kutsi sikwati kubuyela emuva. Sive sibonakala<br />
siyijabulela lenkhosi ngobe sibona kutsi umbuso wangaleso sikhatsi awumange<br />
ubakhiphe kahle bantfu lebebahlala eThenbhushi. Mbhunu ubukeka alutsandza<br />
luntjintjo loIukhona ngobe kunyentana lekacabanga kukuntjintja kulesive sakaNgomane.<br />
Sibonelo: kuzila uma kushone umnumzane, indlela lekungcwatjwa ngayo luswane<br />
nokuphunyelwa sisu.<br />
Lokuye kwangatsandzeki kahle ngaye indlela lekwabiwa ngayo emapulazi ekulima<br />
umoba. Sive sinekukhatsateka ngobe sitsi kutfola kakhulu bantfu lebachamuka<br />
ngaphandle ngobe bakhipha imali leshisiwe lekukhokhelwa ngayo inkhosi. lindvuna<br />
tayo nate kulapho titfola kufumbatsiswa ngobe tikhombisa kuhlala tilambile.<br />
Lokuncomekako ngaye Mbhunu kutsi sive sakhe sisamhlonipha kakhulu site umsindvo<br />
ngalobukhosi, nekutsi tindvuna takhe nalabo lebamelulekako bahlala banaye ngaso<br />
sonkhe sikhatsi bamnikete imfundziso lekungiyo lekumele kutsi bantfu abaphatse kahle<br />
ngayo kute kutsi sive sihlale simhlonipha.<br />
2.2.9 BuIchosi BakaMachekeza<br />
2.2.9.1. Inkhosi Mdwmane Ngomane (1826-1854)<br />
Kucatjangwa kutsi watalwa nga-1760 ngalesikhatsi bachamuka kaSikhukhuza baya<br />
eMiddleburg. Inkhosi Mdvumane nesive sakhe bebahlala kuletindzawo letilandzelako:<br />
Coalmine, UIIy Pondspruit, Thenbhushi, Wilsonskop, Mkhongoma, Keeron, Ringsatlaage.<br />
40
Tonke letindzawo bekuhlala sive sakaNgomane kodvwa emaBhunu asikhipha ngenca<br />
yetembangave lokwenta letindzawo taba ngemapulazi alabamhlophe kute kutsi bakwati<br />
kulima kuyo.Nanyalo lendzawo isasetjentiswa ngulabamhlophe kulima. Bantfu<br />
bakaNgomane bakhishwa bayiswa lapho bekungakanotsi khona. EmaBhunu wona<br />
asawusebentisa lomhlaba ngobe unotse kakhulu.<br />
2.2.9.2. Inkhosi Sibhutela Ngoloma Ngomane<br />
Inkhosi Sibhutela waphila eminyakeni yabo 1810-1820. nakalandzelwa umlandvo<br />
wabakaNgomane abaveli kahle labantfu lababili labahlukene. labadzala bakucacise<br />
kahle kakhulu ngobe batsi kwangatsi akusibo bantfu lebehlukene, kepha ngumuntfu<br />
munye. Umlandvo uyakhombisa kutsi walandzela Mdvumane ekubuseni.<br />
2.2.9.3. Inkhosi Ngoveni Ngomane (1820-1868)<br />
Akucondzakali kahle kutsi wanini Ngoveni kodvwa kukholelwa ekutseni wacala kubusa<br />
ngetikhatsi tabo- 1820-1868. Wabusa ngalesikhatsi kubusa Mswati e5watini. Ekubuseni<br />
kwakhe kute Iokutseni lewadvuma ngako lewakwentela sive. Lekwatiwako kutsi wagula<br />
wase uyakhotsama. Uthuna lakhe liseceleni kulaSiboshwa lapho wangwatjwa khona<br />
endzaweni yaseKrobersdal.<br />
2.2.9.4.lnkhosi Mgubho Ngomane (1852-1887)<br />
Inkhosi Mgubho akwatiwa kutsi yatalwa nini kodvwa kuyavela kutsi yashona nga 1855.<br />
Mgubho watsatsa bukhosi ngalesikhatsi le5watini Iibuswa nguMbandzeni ngeminyaka<br />
yangabo 1857-1887.<br />
sive sakaNgomane besimsola Mgubho ngobe sicabanga kutsi<br />
unemphandze yekwenta kutsi litulu lishaye bantfu.<br />
41
Kwenteka kutsi Soshangane nebakaNdwandwe bendlula kuMgubho lapho befika<br />
bamhlasela wase uyabaleka uya eLoyisingili eMphumalanga yetintsaba teLubombo<br />
lapho wafike wabhaca khona. Ekuhlaselweni kwakhe bamemuka tonkhe tinkhomo<br />
takhe. Sive sakaNgomane atange simtsandze ngobe sisola ngendzaba yekutsi unemutsi<br />
welitulu ubulala bantfu. Wagula sikhatsi lesidze wate wafela etandleni tebantfu ngobe<br />
bangafuni kumsita.<br />
Wafa nga 1885 asagule sikhatsi lesidze, Udliza lakhe lise Stonspruit. Kutsiwa emva<br />
kwekufa kwakhe kwabulawa bantfu labatsatfu lekusolwa kutsi ngibo lebamloya.<br />
Matjede Malale bekasolwa nave kutsi wasifaka sandla ekuloyeni inkhosi Mgubho wase<br />
uyabaleka uyawuhlala kulenye indzawo lapho angatiwa khona.<br />
2.2.9.5. Inkhosi Mjokwane Ngomane (1890)<br />
Emveni kwekushona kwenkhosi Mgubho indvodzana yakhe Mjokwane yatsatsa bukhosi<br />
ngemnyaka wanga- 1865. Mjokwane bekanemakhosikati lamatsatfu kodvwa kuwo<br />
onkhe lamakhosikati bekatfola bantfwana bebafana kuphela kute intfombi.<br />
Wafa ngemnyaka wanga-1890. Babe wakhe Goqwayi wambambela bukhosi<br />
ngalesikhatsi kusalindzelwe kutsi umnakabo Mjokwane abuye ekuceceshweni kwetimphi<br />
eSwatini ngaphansi kwenkhosi Mahlokohla. Kutsite uma abuya ekuceceshweni watsatsa<br />
bukhosi kuGoqwayi lekungubabe wakhe lomncane.<br />
2.2.9.6. Inkhosi Machekeza Ngomane (1891-1942)<br />
Inkhosi Machekeza Ngomane watalwa ngemnyaka wanga-1891. Sigodlo sakhe besise<br />
Vimbilanga. Watsatsa bukhosi emva kwemnakabo Mjokwane. Washona nga-1931<br />
esigodlweni sakhe wabuye watjalwa khona.<br />
42
Wabanjelwa nguMzala wakhe Mbambo lowabusa iminyaka lemibili kuphela wase naye<br />
uyashona ngemnyaka wanga-1942.<br />
2.2.9.7.lnkhosi SiboshWil Ngomane (1911-1946)<br />
Inkhosi Siboshwa Ngomane yatalwa ngemnyaka wanga-1911. Watsatsa bukhosi<br />
ngemnyaka wanga-1943. Wabese sewuyashona nga 1946 enyangeni yeNyoni nhla<br />
tingemashumi lamabili nakunye.<br />
Nkapane Mehlobow waba yinkhosi yakaNgomane njengelibamba lemtfwana<br />
wemnakabo Siboshwa longuMakunyule Ngomane. Emva kwesikhatsi ashonile<br />
kwatsatsa Sikhatsi kutsi abuse, kodvwa wagcina abekiwe kutsi aphatse.<br />
2.2.9.8. Inkhosi Makunyule Ngomane<br />
Inkhosi Makunyule Ngomane wabekwa esihlalweni sebukhosi nga-1969. Makunyule<br />
naye bekanesitsembu nebantfwana labanyenti kakhulu. Kungako nalamuhla<br />
kusenembango lomkhulu kakhulu kulobukhosi ngendlela yekutsi kungaze kucitseke<br />
ingati ngobe emadvodzana akhe lamabili Shashu (Machekeza III) lotalwa<br />
ngulaMahlangu utsi bukhosi bakhe. Kantsi naNicholus lotalwa ngulaLuhlanga naye utsi<br />
bukhosi bakhe ngobe uyise (MakunyuJe) wamtjela kutsi nguye lotawuba yinkhosi emva<br />
kwakhe. Uphephandzaba iSowetan likubeka kanje:<br />
I was appointed by my father and the who! house know this:<br />
Sowetan, Monday October 7 (5:2002)<br />
Machekeza wesitsatfu naye utsi nguye lekumele kutsi abe yinkhosi emva kweyise.<br />
Uphephandzaba Iikubeka kanje:<br />
43
Has daimed to be rightful successor to his late father.<br />
Sowetan, Monday October 7 (5: 2002)<br />
Nanobe kunjalo lamadvodzana abanga tindvuna letinelilungelo lekukhetsa indvodzana<br />
lekungiyo letawutsatsa bukhosi emva kweyise. Tindvuna nalabanye basebukhosini batsi<br />
Machekeza III bakhe lobukhosi ngobe unina wakhe walotjolwa ngetinkhomo tababekati<br />
nanobe angazange endze khona ebukhosini. Ngaleso sizatfu bukhosi ngebakhe.<br />
Uphephandzaba Iibhalwe kanje ngalendzaba.<br />
Desputing the daim, the king said a hero to the throne was not<br />
chosen by the resigning king but by the royal coundl which had the<br />
right to choose the successor.<br />
Sowetan, Monday October 7 (2002:5)<br />
Imibango lenjena ebukhosini ihlala ikhona. Tindvuna nalabanye ngibo lebangabuchaza<br />
kancona ngalobukhosi bakaNgomane kutsi babani lobukhosi.<br />
Loku yindida kutsi nave Nicholus utsi unina wakhe walotjolwa tinkhomo tesive ngobe<br />
kutsiwa make wakhe uyindlunkulu yasebukhosini, nguye lowatala inkhosi ayitalele sive<br />
ngobe walotjolwa tinkhomo tesive. Kulendlu yaMakulunyula kunemsindvo ngendlela<br />
yekutsi kuze kwadutjulwana ngetibhamu ngenca yalobukhosi.lndlu yalaLuhlanga<br />
yadutjulwa kodvwa akwatiwa kutsi yadutjulwa ngubani. Ngenhlanhla kodvwa inkhosikati<br />
yaMakunyule lencane yalala esibhedlela ilashelwa kwetfuka.<br />
Indvuna Mandumane nalabanye bayabufakaza bukhosi kutsi baShushu (Machekeza Ill)<br />
kodvwa sive siyakuphikisa konkhe loka sitsi bukhosi baNicholus. KUgdne<br />
sekurnangalelwana ngobe Nicholus angavisisi kahle kubekwa kwemnakabo Shushu<br />
(Machekeza III). Nanyala indzaba isemtsetfweni.<br />
44
2.10. INKHOSI MAKUNYULA SOLOMON NGOMANE<br />
Inkhosi Makunyula Solomon Ngomane wabayinkhosi nga-1975 ayinkhosi kulesive<br />
sakaNgomane lesikhona kuletindzawo letisihlanu (Kazibokwane, Kasibhejane, sibayeni,<br />
Kamachekeza naseDludluma)<br />
Inkhosi Makunyula Ngomane bekabanjelwe yinkhosi Mehlobovu Ngomane ngobe yena<br />
bekasemncane. Lona Mehlobovu bekalibambela wagdna aniketwa indzawo<br />
yaseDludluma.<br />
Inkhosi beyinemakhosikati lamatsatfu.<br />
l.LaLuhlanga - 3 emadvodzana 3- emadvodzakati<br />
2.LaMalambe - 1 Indvodzana 2 emadvodzakati<br />
3.LaShongwe -1 indvodzana<br />
Shushu Omah Ngomane ngumntfwana waMakunyule lowamtfola kuLaMahlangu. Lona<br />
LaMahlangu nguye lobekamele abeyindJunkhulu ngobe alotsholwe ngetinkhomo<br />
lebetiphuma kudzadzewabo Makunyula. Kunaloko LaMahlangu akavumanga kutekwa<br />
bakaNgomane. BakaMahlangu batibuyisela emuva tinkhomo takaNgomane. Kwatekwa<br />
LaLuhlanga.<br />
Ekutekweni kwalaLuhlanga sive sonkhe kusukela eBlock A-c umuti ngamunye<br />
bewukhokha RlO inkhomo tayiswa kaLuhlanga tililobolo. LaLuhlanga walotjolwa ngaleto<br />
tinkhomo.<br />
Makunyula bekanetindvuna letisihlanu. Tonkhe betigweba emacala kutsi kanye tiyise<br />
emacala lamakhuJu enkhosini. Kepha Mandomane Ngomane abegweba onkhe emacala<br />
loke kwenta kutsi angevani naMakunyule. Manyakule abeyitsandza intfutfuko.<br />
45
2.11. S1PHETFO<br />
Kulolucwaningo kuvetwe kwabuye kwacwaningisiswa kahle In)ongo yekubhala<br />
ngemlandvo wesive sakaNgomane. Sive sakaNgomane sachamuka enhla nelive Ie-Afrika<br />
lapho kusive sebantfu labamnyama ngekudzabuka kwabo.<br />
Umlandvo walesive sakaNgomane ucacisiwe kahle khona kutewubalula kulowufundzako<br />
kutfola kahle kutsi lamakhosi alandzelana njani. Bukhosi bakaHhoyi bubhalwe kahle<br />
ngekulandzelana kwawo lamakhosi. Bukhosi bakaLugedlane nabo buchazwe kahle<br />
ngalokuphelele. Bukhosi bakaMachekeza buhlelwe kahle kute wonkhe umuntfu akwati<br />
kuconclzisjsa kahle ngalendlu kutsi lamakhosi alamana kanjani.<br />
Kulwa kwalamakhosi timphi tekutsi lobukhosi busale buvikelekile nabo bucadsiwe.<br />
Kuyacaca kutsi lamakhosi akaNgomane abesitsandza sive sawo, ikakhulu uma kubukwa<br />
kuboshwa kwenkhosi Mphoti aboshelwa kutsi akafuni kutfutsa aye esigodzini<br />
saseHlanzeni, eNkomazi. Lokuhle ngaye Mphoti kutsi akamange asiyekele sive sakhe<br />
kungako nebantfu bakhe bebamtsandza kakhulu. Umbango lokhona ebukhosini<br />
bakaMachekeza nawo uchaziwe ngalokuphelele. Kubanga bukhosi bekukhona endvulo<br />
kantsi nanyalo kusekhona futsi kuyohlala kukhona. Kusesiveni nasetindvuneni kutsi tona<br />
titsatsa siphi sincumo uma kwenteka tintfo letifana naleti. Kuhlakanipha<br />
kwemadvodzana Jembeni nako kushayelwe Iihlombe ngobe kwente kutsi lobukhosi<br />
bakaNgomane bungapheli buhlale bumile njalo ngobe timphi tingawucedzanga futsi<br />
nekubambana kwawo lamadvodzana solo kuwuchubela phambili lombuso. Nalamuhla<br />
lobukhosi bakaNgomane bukhona ngenca yawo lamadvodzana akhe.<br />
Lokubuhlungu nalokungamukeleki nanobe kwatiwa kutsi kufa kukhona. Uma kubukwa<br />
bukhosi bakaNgomane kaLugedlane, Shinyukane washona engotini yemoto ebukhosini<br />
bakaMachekeza. Makunyule naye washona engotini yemoto ebukhosini bakaHhoyi. Eric<br />
Ntiyi washonela ngaphandle kwelive lakhe esifutfweni lekungasiko kushona<br />
46
lokwemukelekile. Kuye kumukeleke kutsi umnumzane welikhaya ashonele ekhaya lakhe.<br />
Kwangatsi kushona ngetingoti kuyandza kulobukhosi.<br />
Kuvetiwe kulolucwaningo kutsi bantfu bakaNgomane bangebaNguni. Lulwimi lwabo<br />
lwandze kakhulu ngekuhlanganisa Siswati, Sizulu kanye nesiShangane. Enkhulumeni<br />
yabo labantfu uma bakhuluma abasishiyi emuva sibongo sabo. LoNgomane ugcwala<br />
kakhulu uma bawma nobe baphika. Uma kumele basisebentise lesibongo sabo<br />
enkhulumeni bafaka loNgomane. Sibonelo: MaNgomane asihlaleni phansi. Uma<br />
bakhuluma kanje basuke sebacondzise kuso sonkhe sive nobe kubo bonkhe labakhona<br />
kuleyondzawo labakhulumela kuyo.<br />
Sinanatelo sakaNgomane sichaziwe. Kuvamise kutsi tibe timbili tindlela tekunanatela<br />
sibongo. Totimbili letindlela tisho sona sibongo nebantfu banye. Ngasikhatsi kuye<br />
kukhombise kuhluka kuletinye tindzawo kodvwa bonkhe "Bashika" labantfu. Lokunye<br />
kuhluke kutsi lomunye kulabacala letinanatelo bekatibonga kanjani vena kukhombisa<br />
buchawe lekanabo. Kukulofundzako kutsi vena utsandza siphi sibongo kodvwa tonkhe<br />
tisho Ngomane.<br />
47
SEHLUKO SESITSATFU<br />
3.0. INKHOLO YESIVE <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong><br />
3.1. SINGENISO<br />
Kulesehluko kuchazwa kahle emasiko endlu lemnyama ikakhulu emasiko esiveni<br />
sakaNgomane. Kutawubekwa kucaciswe kutsi ayini amasiko wona ngekwawo. Sive<br />
lesimnyama siwacondzisisa kahle kangakanani emasiko aso. Ingabe bantfu<br />
bakaNgomane bayawachuba ngalokuphelele emasiko abo?<br />
Kulolucwaningo kocondvwe kuveta kahle kutsi bantfu ababuyele emasikweni abo<br />
lasatsandza kushabalala. Sive sakaNgomane naso ngulesinye lesitsandza kubuyela<br />
emasikweni aso lebesesi ngasawalandzeli ngalokuphelele. Situkulwane lesisatalwako<br />
sibonakala sitawakhohlwa lamasiko ngobe singawacondzisisi kahle. Kungako<br />
kubonakele kukuhle kutsi kubhalwe phansi loko lekungiko lekumele kutsi kulandzelwe<br />
lekungemasiko aso lesive sakaNgomane.<br />
Kutawucaciswa kahle kuhlanganisa kwabo emasiko esive semaShangane nesive<br />
seMaswati. Loku kutawubonakala kahle ngendlela lebagcoka nobe lebawnula ngayo.<br />
Imwnulo yabo ihlanganisa tive tebemdzabu. Kubonakele kutsi kucacisekile kutsi sive<br />
sakaNgomane siyamkhonta uMvelinchanti. Labantfu labamati kakhulu uMvelinchanti<br />
tonkhe tintfo tabo lebatentako bayetsembela kutsi batenta ngobe kufuna vena<br />
losemafini.<br />
Kutawuvetwa ngalokuphelele lokukhombisa kutsi sive sakaNgomane siyamati<br />
uMvelinchanti kodvwa emasiko aso asikawalahli ngobe siyati kutsi lamasiko avela kuye<br />
UMvelinchanti. Sive sakaNgomane siyakholelwa ekuphahleni nangabe kukhona<br />
lekungahambi kahle emphakatsini wonkana wesive sawo ngisho nasemndenini imbala.<br />
48
Kuphahla nako kungulenye incenye yalamasiko aso lesive. Kuphahla kuyentiwa khona<br />
emtini nobe ngaphandle kwelikhaya. Ngasikhatsi kuye kuphahle sive sonkhe.<br />
Kutawucaciswa kahle kuso lesehluko kutsi uma kuphahla sive kusuke sekwentenjani.<br />
Kulisiko esiveni sakaNgomane nasesiveni salabamnyama kutsi emadloti akhunjulwe<br />
ngaso sonkhe sikhatsi sekuphila kwemuntfu. Umuntfu ukhona nje kulabaphilako ngenca<br />
yeMvelinchanti kantsi nanobe sekahambile lapho akhona kunelitsemba kutsi ukhona<br />
ngenca yakhe uMvelinchanti. BakaNgomane bayakholelwa ekutseni umuntfu<br />
losewahamba kumele kutsi akhunjulwe ngobe nguye lekabachumanisa naMvelinchanti.<br />
Intfo loyifunako wena losaphila kwangatsi kutsenjelwa ekutseni ivakala kancono uma<br />
uyikhulunyelwa ngulo sewahamba kuMvelinchanti. Losewahamba nguye lekabitwa kutsi<br />
ulidloti kulabo lebaphilako.<br />
3.2. EMASIKO<br />
Mvelinchanti watsi nakadala umuntfu wamniketa emasiko akhe lekumele kutsi aphile<br />
ngawo. Wamniketa indlela lekatawukhuluma ngayo, avunule ngayo nalekatawuteka<br />
ngayo umuntfu lekatawuhlalisana naye imphilo yakhe yonkhe nendlela lekatawulanclzela<br />
ngayo emasiko akhe. Emasiko emphakatsini abalulekile kakhulu.<br />
Bantfu baphila nje kungenca yawo emasiko. Lako lebakuniketwa nguMdali kutsi<br />
batiphilise ngako ngiko lekwenta kutsi bakwati kuchubekela phambili ngemphilo. Sive<br />
sakaNgomane sisive lesiwacikelelelako emasiko aso asiwashiyi emuva. Siyatsandza kutsi<br />
situkulwane siwati khona sitowagcina sihlale siwachubela embili kusitukulwane sawo.<br />
Sanderson uwubeka kanjena lombono:<br />
Culture refers to the total pattern of learned human behaviour<br />
passed on from generation to generation.<br />
(Sanderson, 1999:31)
Uma sive sakaNgomane singakwati kuwandlulisa emasiko aso kusitukulwane angeke<br />
ashabalale kalula emasiko. Emasiko atawuhlala akhona njalo futsi alandzelelwa<br />
ngalokuphelele. Situkulwane naso sitawukwati kuwandlulisela kulabanye lamasiko.<br />
Ngaleto tizatfu ngete aphela nobe ashabalale kalula lamasiko.<br />
Emasiko emmangweni kudzala abendluJiswa ngawo umlomo ngobe abengabhalwa<br />
phansi, kodvwa kwanyalo sekulula ngobe ayabhalwa phansi kute sive sitewukwati<br />
kuwafundza ngobe atawube abhalwe phansi. Emasiko ayindlela lelandzelwako<br />
emangweni. AJandzelwa ngabo bonkhe baleso sive lesitibita ngaso. Emasiko kusuke<br />
kunguloko lekuvunyelwane ngako kwasekuyatsatfwa kwentiwa wona emasiko aleso<br />
sive. BakaNgomane-ke nabo uMdali watsi ngekubadala wabaniketa loko lekungemasiko<br />
abo. Emasiko ahlukile ngetive nebuve bato.<br />
Ngekuhluka kwato letive kwenta kutsi nawo lamasiko angefani. Compton (1992)<br />
uyibeka kahle lendzaba nakaphawula kanjena:<br />
Culture are the ideas and ways of doing things in different<br />
societies.<br />
(Compton, 1992:6)<br />
Lako lokwenta kutsi sive sehluke kuletinye tive ngiko lekwenta kutsi leso sive sitati kutsi<br />
sona sinjani, siphindze sitibite ngebuve lobutsite. Sive sakaNgomane naso ngulesinye<br />
lesihlukaniseka kalula kuletinye tive letikhona eveni. Kuhluka IokukhuJu kwalesive indlela<br />
lesikhulurna ngayo lesive. Loko kuyakhombisa ngobe siyakwati kuhlukaniseka kaluJa<br />
kuletinye tive. Lokunye lesive lesihluke ngako kuba sive lesintima, sihlukile<br />
kulabamhlophe lebakhona naletinye tive letikhona eMangweni nakule5ikhwahJande<br />
lonkana. sanderson lombono yena uwubona kanje:<br />
Ethnicity is related to culture, but refers specifically to allegiance to<br />
a group with which one has uncestral links.<br />
(sanderson, 1999:76)<br />
50
Sive sakaNgomane njengesive lesimnyama siyakholelwa enkholweni yemadloti ngobe<br />
sati kutsi tonkhe tintfo letikhona letiphilako naletingaphili tonkhe tadalwa nguMdali -kutsi<br />
wonkhe umuntfu lokhona aphile ngato letintfo. Kungako sive sakaNgomane njengesive<br />
salabamnyama siyayati inkholo yemadloti.<br />
Emasiko emphakatslni entiwa bantfu labanyenti lebahlangene ngemacembu abo bente<br />
intfo yinye. Compten (1992) ukufakaza kanje:<br />
A society is made up of many people and groups.<br />
Compten. (1992:6)<br />
Ngekuba khona kwebantfu eMangweni kwenta kutsi bantfu bahlangane ndzawonye<br />
bente imidmbi letawufaka emasiko phakatsi khonabatotijabulisa bente lokufanelekile<br />
lokungemasiko abo. Sive sakaNgomane naso uma sihlangene senta imidmbi lemikhulu<br />
lengeke ikhohlakale kalula etimphilweni taboo Lemidmbi ijatjulelwa nanobe ngubani<br />
lokhona eMangweni. Lemidmbi ingaba midmbi yaseSontfweni nobe esiveni sonkhana.<br />
Compten uchebeka nekufakaza kanje ngalombono:<br />
Customs is something that people do at special times and on special<br />
occasions in a family, a religion, a country or a society. Customs<br />
mark events to remember.<br />
Compten, (1992: 4)<br />
Leminye imindeni iyawachuba emasiko ingagudluki kalula kuwo.lyawachuba emasiko<br />
ayo ngisho nasekudleni lekudlako. Tindlu tabo tibonakala ngako kwakhiwa kwesintfu,<br />
takhiwe njetjani nangetintfungo. Imvunulo labayiwnulako ikhornbisa kona kuphila<br />
sintfu. Ernasiko ahlanganisa bantfu ngemacembu abo ngendlela lehlelekile<br />
nalesabumbene ngekutsi bakhulurne lulwimi lunye lekuwnyelwane ngalo kuleyo<br />
ndzawo nobe kuleso sigodzi. Sanderson lornbono uwufakaza ngalendlela:<br />
51
Society is a group of people who accociate with each other within<br />
an ordered community, and who communicate by means of<br />
language.<br />
sanderson (1999:29)<br />
Emasiko emmangweni nangabe akheke kahle ayaticambela ngisho nelulwimi<br />
lekatalikhuluma. Ummango uyatakhela lolulwimi Iwawo lofuna kutsi kukhulunywe Iona.<br />
Lolulwimi lutawenta kutsi kukhulunywe kuvanwe. Indlela lekuvanwa ngayo<br />
emmangweni kukhulumisana. Inkhulumo ihlanganisa wonkhe umuntfu lokhona<br />
emmangweni.<br />
3.3. MVEUNCHANTl<br />
Sive sakaNgomane sive lesikholelwa kuMvelinchanti. Siyati kutsi konkhe lekukhona<br />
kudalwe nguMvelinchanti akudalela wonkhe umuntfu lokhonaemhlabeni. Watsi<br />
ngekudala umuntfu Mvelinchanti wase<br />
kwawo.<br />
umniketa emasiko lekatawuphila ngaphansi<br />
Ngawo lamasiko wase ungeta inkholo kuwo. Lokwacala kucala kwaba ngiwo emasiko.<br />
Inkholo yatsi ngekufika yetika bantfu base bayadideka. Badidwa yinkholo alabamhlophe<br />
ngobe bona bebakwati kubhala tonkhe tintfo tabo tilondvoloteke kahle. Ngekutsi bafune<br />
kutsi kuchubeke lenkholo yabo iye embili kwenta kutsi bantfu labamnyama bakhohlwe<br />
ngewabo emasiko bawabone kwangatsi awasikahle kunalawa alabamhlophe. Inkholo<br />
yaMvelinchanti yasuselwa emasikweni. Emasiko nenkholo yaMvelinchanti ngingasho<br />
kutsi yintfo yinye ngobe kuyetselelana emanti loku lokubili.Akahlukaniseki kalula.<br />
Konkhe kwakaNkulunkulu ngobe konkhe kwadalwa nguye phela Nkulunkulu. Sive<br />
sakaNgomane siyamati Mvelinchanti kutsi nguye lowavela kucala.<br />
UnguMdali wako konkhe futsi nguye lowavela kucala, kungako bantfu bakaNgomane<br />
bambita ngekutsi nguMvelinchanti. Loku kufakazelwa naliBhayibheli lelingcwele nalitsi:<br />
52.
Ekucaleni bekukhona livi, Iivi bekunguNkuJunkulu. Vena loyo<br />
bekakhona ekucaleni konkhe kwavela ngaye. Ngaphandle kwakhe<br />
akukaveli lutfo kuko konkhe lokuvelile.<br />
Johane (1: 1-3)<br />
Onkhe lamagama langenhla achaza kona kutsi Mvelinchanti nguye lowavela kucala<br />
kunako konkhe lokukhona lapha eveni. Sive sakaNgomane ngekwetsemba siyati kutsi<br />
Mvelinchanti ukhona futsi siphila ngenca yakhe lapha emhlabeni. BakaNgomane<br />
ngekwetsemba kungako bamkhonta nanobe bangakamboni ngemehlo abo enyama,<br />
kepha ngenca yetimangaliso netigameko letentiwa nguye Mvelinchanti kungako banalo<br />
litsemba lekutsi uyaphila futsi ukhona yonkhe indzawo.<br />
Lebaphila kucala endvulo ngibo lebeta naleligama laMvelinchanti ngobe banetizatfu tabo<br />
letitsite kutsi kungani bambite ngekutsi nguMvelinchanti Kungako nesitukulwane<br />
lesivelile emva kwaloko naso sisalilandzela Iigama lakhe. Intfo leMvelinchanti abitwa<br />
ngayo ayintjintji kalula. Kungako emagama ayafika aphindze andlule kepha leli<br />
laMvelinchanti alintjintji. Sive sakaNgomane siyet5emba kuko konkhe lokutsiwa kwavela<br />
kucala ngobe kunguMvelinchanti. Kungako kulindzelekile kutsi kuwo wonkhe umuntfu<br />
lokhona angalibiti ngelite ligama laMvelinchanti ngobe nguye lomkhulu kuko konkhe<br />
lokukhona lapha emhlabeni.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane siyetsemba kutsi singacela intfo letsite kuMvelinchanti<br />
ngalokuphelele nekutihlonipha lokukhulu utasentela lesive. Uma sive sonkhana<br />
sihlangene ndzawonye sidvumisa livi IeNkhosi ngenhloso yekucela lokutsite Mvelinchanti<br />
uyasiniket:a lesive. Uma kungenteka kutsi kube khona somiso eveni, imvula ingani, uma<br />
kungahlanganwa ndzawonye kucelwe kuMvelinchanti kutsi imvula ine, kutawutsi lapho<br />
sekusekhatsi kwemkhuJeko lowentiwako imvula seyicalile kuna. Sive sitawufika<br />
emakhaya simanti-nte. Tonkhe tintfo leticelwa kuMvelinchanti ngalokuphelele<br />
uyatiphendvula ngetibusiso takhe. Tibusiso takhona kuzuza lake bekucelwa ngawo<br />
umthandazo.<br />
53
T1nyenti tindlela tekukhuluma naMvelinchanti, kodvwa umthandazo ngasikhatsi kuya<br />
ngekutsi kuyini \ako lekusukwe kucelwa kuye. Nangabe kucelwa imvula kuvamise kutsi<br />
kuthandaze bantfu labadzala lesebakhulile, ngobe kunekwetsemba kutsi bavakala<br />
kancono kuMvelinchanti kantsi futsi abasoni bakhuluma emaciniso kuphela bete futsi<br />
emagcubu nalabanye. Kunekwetsemba kutsi bamsulwa, phela Mvelinchanti ufuna<br />
umuntfu lokholwa ngalokuphelele hhayi lodlalako njengobe sesibona kuletinsuku<br />
lesiphila kuto sekudlalwa ngaye nje loIosemafini.<br />
3.4. EMADLOTl<br />
Emadloti inkholo yebuve bemuntfu lomnyama. Umuntfu watsi nakamdala Mvelinchanti<br />
wamniketa emasiko lekatawuphila ngawo. Kuwo lawo masiko kwase kuvela inkholo.<br />
Emadloti ayinkholo, kuya ngekutsi wena lowakholwako utsembela kangakanani kuwo.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane siyayisebentisa inkholo yebuve baso. Lesive siyakholelwa emadlotini.<br />
Emadloti ngulaOO bantfu lesebahamba kumbe labangasekho kulabaphilako kodvwa<br />
ingati yaOO ibe ikhona kulaba labasaphila. Ingati yalosewahamba ihlala ikhona kulelo<br />
lusendvo Iwakho. Kuhamba kwakhe emhlabeni akusho kutsi akusasuye walelo khaya<br />
lekuhlukile kutsi yena sewungumoya. Akasakwati kuhlangana nalabaphilako belusendvo<br />
lwakhe ngekwenyama kepha uhlangana naOO ngekwemoya.<br />
Kunekwetsemba kulesive sendlu lemnyama yakaNgomane kutsi bantfu lesebahambile<br />
Mvelinchanti ubeva kancono ngobe bangumoya. Bayakwati kukhuluma naye<br />
Mvelinchanti bavisisane. Labaphilako batjela lesebahamba labakufunako kuMvelinchanti<br />
endlini lemnyama kwentiwa ngekutsi kuphiswe tjwala nobe kuhlatjwe imfuyo.<br />
Yonkhe intfo lefaka inhlanhla kuwe wena lophilako loyicela ngalokuphelele kumele utsi<br />
ivalwe ngemphefumulo walenye intfo kuze wena lophilako uzuze lako lotabe ukucela<br />
uMvelinchanti. Umhlatjelo nobe ngabe wani uhambisana nekuphuma kwemphefumulo<br />
wesilwane. ukucela kuMvelinchanti. Loko kuyafakazeleka ngalesikhatsi Abraham<br />
54
ayonikela ngendvodzana yakhe lekukuphela kwayo. Utsite Abraham nasakulungele kutsi<br />
anganikela ngendvodzana yakhe, Nkulunkulu waveta imvu. Ubhayibheli lelingcwele<br />
likubeka ngalendlela:<br />
Abraham waphakamisa emehlo akhe, wabona, bheka ngemuva<br />
yinqama, ibhajiwe esihlahleni ngezimpondo ZiJyo, u-abraham<br />
wayothatha inqama, wanikela ngayo umnikelo wokushiswa<br />
esikhundleni sendodana yakhe.<br />
Genesis (22: 13)<br />
Kucela intfo lefunakalako ngemphefumulo nangengati yesilwane kwacala khona endvulo<br />
nguye Mvelinchanti ngekutsi akuvete esiveni salabamnyama ngaye Abraham<br />
ngalesikhatsi ahlaba imvu enta ngayo umnikelo.<br />
Leyonkholo ayimange isuke esiveni sebantfu labamnyama bayisebentisa kusukela<br />
ngaleso sikhatsi kute kube ngulesikhatsi salamuhla. Esiveni sakaNgomane njengobe<br />
emasiko kanye nenkholo kuyahambisana kwasukela lapho kutsi bati kutsi<br />
longabakhulumela avakale kancono kuMvelinchanti nguye lomuntfu losewahamba<br />
lobekalusendvo Iwalowomndeni. Kungiso leso sikhatsi lapho emadloti angena khona.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane siyakholelwa kulabo lebahamba (emadloti) ngobe sati kutsi<br />
Mvelinchanti ubeva kancono ngobe bangumoya. Mvelinchanti uyatsandZiJ kutsi bonkhe<br />
bantfu bamati futsi bamkhonte yena yedvwa kodvwa akukhatsalekile kutsi bamdvumisa<br />
kanjani yingce nabakholelwa kuye. Inkholo yebuKhristu nayo uyayemukela ngobe yona<br />
imhlanganisa nebantfu bakhe ngemthandazo ngaphandle kwekukhulunyelwa<br />
ngulomunye umuntfu. Kukhulunyelwa ngulomunye umuntfu enkholweni yemadloti<br />
akusiso sono kodvwa kuyindlela lewayidala ngakhona Mvelinchanti ngobe afuna kutsi<br />
bantfu lebaphilako bangabakhohlwa bantfu bakubo belusendvo lesebahamba.<br />
Wenta kutsi emadloti nobe lesebahamba bakhulunyiswe ngaleyo ndlela. Emadloti<br />
ayinkholo lemukelekile lengemasiko lavetwa nguye Mvelinchanti. Ngekutsi sive<br />
ss.
sakaNgomane siyichube lenkholo yemadloti. Kute lokubi ngawo ngobe konkhe<br />
kuchamuka kuMvelinchanti. Wachamuka nako konkhe ngekutsi avele kucala<br />
kungakaveli umuntfu. Sive sakaNgomane siyakholwa kutsi emva kwekufa kunemphilo.<br />
Imphilo ayigdni kuphela kulebasaphilako kodvwa nalabo lesebahamba bayaphila,<br />
kodvwa baphila ngekwemoya.<br />
Emva kwekufa imphilo iyachubeka, kodvwa ichubeka ngendlela yekutsi labaphilako<br />
abababoni lesebahamba kodvwa kunekwetsemba kutsi sebakwati kukhuluma kancono<br />
naMvelinchanti. Mvelinchanti vena uyabeva futsi uyababona.<br />
Kungako sive sakaNgomane sinelitsemba kutsi konkhe lesikufunako kutjelwe emadloti<br />
bese wona akundlulisela kuMvelinchanti. Nemakholwa lawa lakhonta inkholo yebuKrestu<br />
aye acele Jesu kutsi awakhulumele naMvelinchanti loku kubonakala kungakahluki<br />
enkholweni yemasiko ngobe bona bakhulunyelwa emadloti.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane siyakholelwa ekutseni tibusiso tivela nobe baniketwa ngulabo<br />
labangasekho. Ngekucela inhlanhla kulabo lesebahamba kutsi bakhulume<br />
naMvelinchanti kwenta kutsi lesive setsembe kakhulu kutsi lesebahamba bahlala<br />
basigdnile lesive, basibuke ngalokwanele. Kulesinye sikhatsi uma kusikhatsi setimphi<br />
nabancobile baye bawabikele emadloti ngobe lesive setsemba kutsi kungawo lente kutsi<br />
bancobe.<br />
Inhlanhla-ke kulesive setsemba kutsi ichamuka kulabaphansi. Ngekutsemba kwesive<br />
akaNgomane kutsi lesebahamba ngibo lebakhuluma naMvelinchanti kwente kutsi<br />
wonkhe umuntfu lomnyama anamatsele kubo lesebahamba.Loku kubonakala ngekutsi<br />
ngetikhatsi taboKhisimusi nabo Ndbijani bantfu belusendvo bavakashele emathuna<br />
etinini tabo lesetahamba. Kutsi batikhumbulile kubonakala ngekutsi bafike bacentse<br />
emathuna abo bagdne ngako kudtsa tjwala phansi nobe ingati yesilwane bese<br />
bayakusho loko lebafisa kukundlulisa.<br />
56
Lebasondzelene neMdali ngobe sebadvute naye batakundlulisa lula loko lekufunekako<br />
ngobe nabo kwabo lebakudzingako basuke sebakutfolile. Uma emadloti anganakwa<br />
kahle nobe uma kukhona lekakusolako sijeziso singavela ngekutsi kugula kuhlale<br />
kukhona ekhaya nobe emndenini. Sijeziso singavela kubabe welikhaya nobe ngabe<br />
ngubani lolilunga lemndeni wakhe. Sive sakaNgomane siyakwati kutidkelela tintfo<br />
letifana naleti, njengemikhuhlwane nalokunye kugula lokungaba khona ekhaya. Kugula<br />
lokuletfwa emadloti ngobe anganakwa kungaba kugula kweluswane ekhaya nobe kwale<br />
imbeleko kulomunye lolilunga lemndeni.<br />
Kulesinye sikhatsi malukatane ekhaya kuye kube matima uma kumele kutsi abepeke,<br />
kodvwa umnumzane welikhaya angaya esibayeni ayobika, utawutsi uma abuya atfole<br />
kutsi malukatane sewubelekile. Kungasiko loku kuphela kugula kodvwa nalokunye<br />
lokudzinga wona emagama alasebahamba. Uma anganakwa emadloti konkhe kugula<br />
kuyahamba ekhaya kungabi khona. Emadloti ayabikelwa ngako konkhe lokwentekako<br />
ekhaya.<br />
Kulesinye sikhatsi sive sonkhe siye sibabikele labo lesebahamba lebebayincenye yalobo<br />
bukhosi baleso sive. Sive sakaNgomane ngulesinye lesingababukeli phansi bantfu<br />
basebukhosini babo lesebahamba.<br />
Bayabikelwa ngekuhlala kwesive sabo ngobe batsemba kutsi lesive sakaNgomane<br />
sikhona ngawo lamakhosi. Emadloti ekhaya ayabikelwa nangabe ukhona lohambako<br />
lohamba luhambo loludze kute kutsi angamangali uma angamtfoli uma afika ebusuku<br />
kulelo khaya. Nemuntfu lofikako kulelo khaya naye uyabikwa emadlotini akulelo khaya.<br />
Kuletikhatsi tanyalo ngobe sekunemfundvo uma umntfwana aya esikolweni naye<br />
uyabikwa kulesebahamba kute kutsi bamlindze lapho ayohlala khona.<br />
Nentfombi nayiphuma iyokwendza nayo iyabikwa kulabaphansi. Emadloti ayahlonishwa<br />
kakhulu endlini yalabamnyama futsi ayanakekelwa.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane ngulesinye<br />
57
lesitigabatisako ngebukhosi baso. Inkholo yemadloti siyohlala siyilandzela ngobe<br />
ingemasiko nekuphila kwabo.<br />
3.5. KUPHAHLA<br />
Kuphahla kulisiko Ielilandzelelwa indlu lemnyama. Sive sakaNgomane ngulesinye<br />
lesikholelwa e1isikweni lekuphahla. Kuphahla-ke kona kwentiwa ngetikhatsi tasekuseni<br />
kakhulu Iilanga lingakaphumi kodvwa selikhombisa kutsi selitawuhlaba.<br />
Kwentiwa ngalesikhatsi kubovu eMphumalanga. Kuphahla kuphela umnumzane<br />
welikhaya nobe lomdzala kakhulu wakulelo lusendvo kulelo khaya. Labasikati nabo<br />
bangaphahla kodvwa kumele kutsi kube ngumuntfu lokhulile longasayi emacansini.<br />
Ngelisiko lakaNgomane umnumzane kuba nguye logdna lenkollZo yekuphahla.<br />
Kuphahlwa khona ekhaya enhla nemuti ngobe kulapho kungcwatjwa khona belikhaya.<br />
Babe esiveni sakaNgomane ubekwa ngasesangweni ngobe kukholelwa ekutsini ulindze<br />
umuti wakhe.<br />
loko kwentelwa kutsi tonkhe titsa letingenako lapha ekhaya utatibona ngobe<br />
asesangweni futsi kutsenjwa kutsi usuke alindzile. Kuphahla kwenteka ekuseni<br />
njengobe kunekukholelwa ekutseni madloti asuke aphumulile ngobe ebusuku asuke<br />
atungeletela imiti yawo avikele titsa kutsi tingangeni kalula Iapha ekhaya. Kuphahla<br />
kungumsebenti lowentiwako emveni kwekutsi bantfu belusendvo bahambile<br />
bayophengula kubuka kutsi intfo Ietsite njengekugula kwentiwa yini. Uma<br />
sekuphenguliwe kwatfolakala loko Iokufanele kutsi kwentiwe kubese kuyaphahlwa. Uma<br />
kUphahlwa kubitwa bantfu labanyenti ikakhulu belusendvo. Compten lombono uwubona<br />
ngalendlela:<br />
Rituals are actions that people do so part of ceremony. Often these<br />
rituals carry a religious meaning.<br />
Compton (1992:8)<br />
58
Nakuphahlwa kuyahlanganwa bese Iowa lekunguye lekumele kutsi aphahle aye<br />
emathuneni alabo lesebahamba. Ngesintfu kungcwatjwa ekhaya kungako bekuba lula<br />
kuya enhla nesibaya kuyophahla. Emathuna ahlonishwa kakhulu ngesintfu, atsatfwa<br />
njengendzawo lengcwele.<br />
Kukholelwa ekutseni labantfu balele baphumulile akumelanga kutsi baphatanyiswe<br />
ngulutfo. Umsebenti wekuphahla sive sakaNgomane siyawuhlonipha kakhulu kungako<br />
bonkhe belusendvo kumele kutsi babe khona kutowusingatsa lomsebenti. Nangabe<br />
kuphahlwa ngesintfu akuphunyelwa ngaphandle ngobe ngesintfu wonkhe umuntfu<br />
ungcwatjelwa ekhaya. Kungako kuphahla kwentiwa khona phakatsi emndenini<br />
wasekhaya.<br />
Nakuphahlwa ekhaya kulandzelwa loko lokutfolakele ngalesikhatsi kuphengulwa.<br />
Konkhe kumele kutsi kwenteke njengobe bematsambo bashito. Emva kwekuphahla<br />
kutawudliwa lenyama lehlatjiwe bese kunatfwa netjwala lobuphisiwe. Ngesintfu<br />
kuphiswa netjwala abusali ngaphandle nangabe kunemidmbi lefana nalena.Wonkhe<br />
umuntfu lolusendvo usuke akhona nakuphahlwa. Nakuphahlwa kubikelwa bonkhe<br />
lesebahamba kodvwa kube kucondziswe kakhulu kuloyo lekutfolwe vena kutsi ukhala<br />
ngani kuze kube khona umkhuhlwane lapha ekhaya.<br />
Nasebatjelwe bonkhe lesebahamba kodvwa kube kocondziswe kakhulu kuloyo<br />
lekutfolwe vena kutsi ukhala ngani kuze kube khona umkhuhlwane lapha ekhaya. Uma<br />
nasetjeliwe unikwa konkhe latsi uyakufuna kungaba inkhomo, umfati, imbuti, inkhukhu,<br />
Iidvuba nalokunye lengakudzinga.<br />
Kungako emakhaya Iamanyenti esintfu kutfolakala kunenkhomo yemadloti, imbuti nobe<br />
inkhukhu. Letilwane leti letiniketwa emadloti atihlatjwa nobe nini, uma titohlatjwa<br />
kubitwa bemndeni batokudla inkhomo yemadloti.<br />
59
Ngaleso sikhatsi kudliwa yemadloti kusuke kungaphahlwa. Kuphahla kulisiko lesintfu<br />
lekwatsi Mvelinchanti uma adala umuntfu wamniketa yona lenkholo yekugcina.<br />
Kuphahla kuhambelana nekuphengula ngobe kwenteka emva kwako kuphengula.<br />
Kuphahla inkhonzo lekumele kutsi igdneke emva kwekulungisa konkhe lekumele kutsi<br />
kulungiswe. Kuyinkholo yesintfu legcwalisekako emva kwekutfola lekungiko lekwenta<br />
kutsi kuphahlwe.<br />
3.6. KUFA<br />
Kufa bekuhlonishwa kakhulu kaNgomane kantsi tonkhe tive kufa tiyakuhlonipha<br />
kakhulu, kuhlukane ngetigaba tebantfu lebaphila kulowo mmango. Kufa bebakwatisa<br />
kakhulu kangangobe bekuzilwa.<br />
Emmangweni nakukhotsame inkhosi sive sonkhe besizila futsi sibuye sonkhe site<br />
esigodlweni kutolilwa kulilelwe kushona nobe kukhotsama kwenkhosi yaso. Ngendlela<br />
lebekuhlonishwa ngayo bekutsi tinhloko temakhaya tihlangane ndzawonye nobe<br />
emabutfo ahlangane esigodlweni kwentiwe wonkhe umsebenti wekufihla inkhosi uphele<br />
bese sive siyakhululeka. Kwentiwe naleto tintsambo letitfwalwa bomake batitfwale kute<br />
kufike lapho sive sitawutjelwa kutsi asibeke phansi leto tintsambo.<br />
Kuyehluka Iapho kushone umnumzane welikhaya ngobe bekahlonishwa ngendlela<br />
lehlukile. Uma umnurnzane ashonile abefihlwa ngendlela lehlukile kuneyenkhosi ngobe<br />
inkhosi beyifihlwa endzaweni Iesitsele nobe entsabeni. Umnurnzane yena bekuhlatjwa<br />
inkhabi lenkhulu, njengobe labanyenti bebafuyile sikhumba saleyonkhabi ngiso<br />
lebesigocota Iowa mnurnzane. Kutsi nobe akhishwa endlini kubhotjotwe indlu ngemuva<br />
aphume khona bese ufihlwa esibayeni sakhe. Nabo bomake nobe emakhosikati akhe<br />
abeboshwa leta tintsambo.<br />
KuJesinye sikhatsi kubi minyaka lemibili emva kwaloko bese bayakhunyulwa. Uma<br />
kutfolakala kutsi lamakhosikati aseman~ne<br />
lusenclvo belukhetsa munye emndenini<br />
60
lotawusala abuka indlu yemnakabo. Ondle akhulise ebantfwana. Naye Iowa lokhetsiwe<br />
abe ati kutsi ngisho bantfwana labatfolakala kulawo makhosikati abasibo bakhe..Kufa<br />
bekuhlonishwa kakhulu, kunyenti lobekwentiwa kodvwa lapha ngicondze kubonisa kutsi<br />
lesive sakaNgomane besiphila njani ngisho yonkhe lemidanti lebeyentiwa kuphela nje<br />
kubonisa simo semphilo.<br />
3.7. IMWLA<br />
BakaNgomane njengata tive bebanayo lenkholela yekutsi sive lesikwatika kunisa imvula.<br />
Bona babengenalo lwati lolwanele ngekutsi imvula iniswa kanjani. Kwakutsi njalo uma<br />
litulu selibalele ingani imvula. Inkhosi bese ikhetsa emadvodza lambalwa kutsi aye<br />
kaDvokolwako lapho bekutfolakala bakaMagagula lebekakholelwa kutsi ngibo labanisa<br />
imvula.<br />
labo labatfunyiwe bebaphatsiswa lakutsite lokungemabele bayocela ngaka. Kutsiwa<br />
bekutsi uma bafikile kuDvokolwako bayakutsi sebacelile uma sebabuyela emuva bayotsi<br />
bangena emakhaya Iihlome Iiphelele lite nemoya. Kulesinye sikhatsi kupheke tihlahla<br />
Iidvume Iibe nemibane.<br />
Kulomunye umnyaka kutsiwa bafika kuDvokolwako babacosha batsatsa ematsanga<br />
nemmbila, maswela nemabele bajikijelwa ngawo. Kutsiwa abafikanga emakhaya imvula<br />
yabanetsa bafela endleleni kodvwa ngalowo mnyaka bayishaya inaJa.<br />
3.8. EMABELE/UMMBILA<br />
Njengobe bakaNgomane basuka eSwatini vele bebahlobene neMaswati emasiko abo<br />
abecishe afane kanye nemihambo yabo. EMaswati kulisiko labo kutsi kumele kutsi<br />
bacale encwaleni ngaphambi kwekutsi badle nobe ngabe yini lephuma emasimini<br />
ehlobo. Nabo bakaNgomane baye encwaleni bese bayabuya batokudla laka lokuphuma<br />
emasimini abo.<br />
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3.9 LEMINYE IMISEBENTI<br />
Sive sakaNgomane satiwa ngekukhutsala nekwenta imisebenti leminenti yelikhaya<br />
neyesive. Emakhono esive abebonakala ngekutinikela emisebentini. Imisebenti<br />
legcamile lekusakhulunywa ngayo nalamuhla yesive sakaNgomane ngulena<br />
lelandzelako.<br />
~ Kubata - Labadwna bebabata tidvuku letifana neticobolo, timboko netagila. Be<br />
babata amajozi, imigobo nemikhwa.<br />
~ Kwulta emajobo - Bekwentiwa emajobo ngetikhumba tetinyamazatane<br />
letehlukene. Tinhlobo temajobo nguleti letilandzelako: emabhebha, timbece,<br />
tintwayi nemangongo.<br />
~ Kwelusa - Bekungumsebenti lobalukile webafana Iona. Bewufaniswa nesikolo<br />
ebantfwaneni bebafana. Uve LakaNgomane belinotsile ngemfuyo ngobe<br />
bewutfola tonkhe letinhlobo tetinkhomo letilandzelako:<br />
Emahlawe - Letinetimphondvo letibheke phasi leticekako.<br />
UmshivaJumshivakati - ngulete timpandvo.<br />
UmdlovuJumdlovukati - ngulenetimphondvo letibheke phasi futsi letidnile.<br />
Sigubuclvu - ngulenetimphondvo letigobeleke embili.<br />
Imbedvula - inkhomati lendzala lenetimpondvo letichelelene tase tiyasontsant<br />
Impotsane - inkhomo lenetimphondvo letiphotsene noma letisontsene.<br />
Tonkhe tinhlobo tetinkhomo bewutitfola tikhotsa emadlelweni eveni lakaNgomane,<br />
kugcame imibala lenhlobonhlobo njengalena:<br />
LentimaJlentimakati - lemnyama lengenalibala.<br />
Uhhemu lihhemukati - inkhomo lemnyama noma lebovu nganhlanye ibuye<br />
ibemhlophe nganhlanye.<br />
ImfetiJimfetilcati - inkhomo lenelibala lelimhlophe entsanyeni.<br />
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Ubhidzi/libhidzilcati -inkhona lenemabala labovu nalmnyama.<br />
Ujoli/lijoIilcati - ngulemnyama noma lebovu lenelishoba lelimhlophe.<br />
);> Kwakha tibaya - tibaya betakhiwa ngematje edvutane nemuti. Ukhaya bekuba<br />
likhaya ngesibaya. Awukho unuti bewungabi naso sibaya. Nalamuhla loku<br />
nawugudla umfula uMhluzi, Lubhalule neMgwenyana usatibona tindzala tetibaya<br />
lebetakhiwe ngematje. Lako kikhombisa kutsi lesive besingakhi khashane nemifula<br />
ngenca yekufuna emanti lahlantekile nemadlelo laluhlata.<br />
);> Kubumba tindzio - bebenelikhono lelingakavami labasikati balesive ekusebentiseni<br />
lubumba. Bebabumba tindziwo letinhlobonhlbo naletimibalabala.<br />
Akupheleli kulemisebenti lebalwe ngenhla kuphela, minyenti leminye imisebenti<br />
lebabephumelela kuyenta ngemphumelelo lefanana nalena lelandzelako:<br />
);> kushuka tikhumba,<br />
);> kwacha tikhali,<br />
);> kwakha tindlu,<br />
);> kusika emahawu,<br />
);> kulima, naleminye<br />
3.10. SIPHETFO<br />
Kulolucwaningo kuvelile kutsi inkholo yesive sakaNgomane inkholo yesintfu phaca.<br />
Lesive siyakholelwa kakhulu elisikweni lwaso lebemdzabu. Kubonakele futsi kutsi lesive<br />
siyakholwa kuMvelinchanti. Nanobe simati Mvelinchanti akubanga lula kushiya buve<br />
base ngobe sati kutsi inkholo yebuKhristu neyemadloti ivela kuye Mvelinchanti.<br />
Inkholo yebuKhristu ngiyona nkholo levetile kutsi kute umehluko phakatsi kwayo<br />
nemasiko ngobe totimbili letinkholo tinemkhulumeli neMvelinchanti. Inkholo yesintfu<br />
isebentisa emadloti kukhuluma naMvelinchanti kantsi inkholo yebuKristu isebentisa Jesu<br />
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kukhuluma naMvelinchanti. Ngaloko-ke kubonakele kutsi Iisiko lesintfu nenkholo<br />
yebuKrestu kuyefana ngobe konkhe kunebakhulumeli. Mvelinchanti usebentisa<br />
letinkholo letimbili kutsi umuntfu atikhetsele vena inkholo yakhe lafuna kuyisebentisa.<br />
Konkhe kudalwe nguye Mvelinchanti akudalela bantfu lebaphila eveni kutsi babe<br />
nendlela lebatawuchumana nave ngayo. Bonkhe labantfu lachumana nabo<br />
ngekwemoya, bonkhe bakhe baphila emhlabeni base bayafa.<br />
Loko ngiko lokugcwalisa kutsemba kutsi imphilo emva kwekufa ikhona. Lolucwaningo<br />
luyavetwa, sive sakaNgomane siyayitsandza inkholo yaso futsi siyatichenya ngayo.<br />
Kungako kuba lula kubo kulanclzelela lekudzingwa madloti ngobe bayakwati kantsi<br />
nesitukulwane sabo bayasifundzisa ngalenkholo ngobe bafuna kutsi ingamane<br />
ishabalale kalula. Kuhle futsi kuyancomeka kutsi umuntfu abulanclzelele buve bakhe.<br />
Ematfonga ayajabula uma ahlatjelwe ngobe kuyabonakala kutsi asakhunjulwa.<br />
Uma akhunjulwa njalo akavamisanga kutsi aletse kugula ekhaya kodvwa kuba kugula<br />
lokuvela kuMvelinchanti ngobe kwabekwa kantsi futsi vena ungetulu kwenta nobe<br />
ngabe yini lafuna kuyenta kubantfu bakhe. Kufiwa nje ngobe kUyintsandvo yakhe. Sive<br />
sakaNgomane siyakholelwa ekutseni Mvelinchanti akalenti Iiphutsa.<br />
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SEHLUK04<br />
4.0. LULWIMI NEMASIKO<br />
4.1. S1NGENISO<br />
Lulwimi lwesive sakaNgomane luhlangisa tilwimi tetive letinyenti njengobe lesive<br />
adzabuka enkhabeni yelive Ie-Afrika. Ngekuhamba kwesikhatsi lesidze etigangeni site<br />
satofinyelela eMphumalanga. Lokuhamba sihlangahlangane naletinye tive kwente kutsi<br />
ekugdneni lolulwimi Iwabo luhlangahlangane.<br />
Ngekwendzabuko sive sakaNgomane sive sebeNguni lesikhuluma tilwimi yoku na nyoku<br />
enkhulumeni yaso. Ngekuhamba tive netive letilwimi tagucuka taphindze tanyamalala.<br />
watsi ngesikhatsi tihlangana netive temaXhosa, eMazulu, eMaswati kanye nemaTsonga/<br />
Shangane kwabalukhuni kuma kusinye sive lesinelulwimi lunye kwase kuba khona<br />
uhlanganisa kwaletilwimi kwesiShangane kanye ne5iswati lesihlangene neSizulu.<br />
Lokunye lokuye kwantjintja kakhulu lolulwimi siShangane.<br />
Uma kubukwa indlela bakaNgomane bafika ngayo uma batsi baShika etintsabeni<br />
uyakhombisa kutsi lulwimi lebebanalo etingcondvweni tabo siShangane. Sive<br />
akaNgomane lenhlanganisela yaletilwimi yenta kutsi babe nendlela yabo lebatakhela<br />
ngayo lulwimi lwabo. Lesive sakaNgomane siyinhlanganisela yetive letinyentana kube<br />
matima kuma e1ulwimini lunye. Imvamisa yabo bakhuluma lulwimi lwesigodzi kodvwa<br />
luyachubeka ngobe tinyenti letigojana takaNgomane letikhuluma Iona lulwimi lokufana<br />
nato tonkhe letigodzi,<br />
Kuye kungavakalisisi kahle ngobe letinye tive tingatsandzi kumukela lulwimi Iwalesinye<br />
sive. Kulenhlanganisela yesiShangane ne5iswati bantfu bakaNgomane baye bative<br />
bangavisiseki kuJabanye kodvwa bona babe bavana kahle futsi bakutsandza loko<br />
lebasuke bakhuluma ngako. Lapha asesibuke sibonelo lesisho kunyula esitjeni intfo<br />
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letsite. Umuntfu lokhuluma siNgomane utawutsi " ngiyatsabula" uma akhuluma kanje,<br />
usuke ahlanganisa Sizulu ne5iswati nesiShangane.<br />
lalulwimi lwesiNgomane luyavakala kahle nanobe lungabhalwanga phansi, uma bona<br />
bodvwa bakhuluma bayavisisana kahle kakhulu. Uma lomunye sekachaza abona<br />
kwangatsi akavakalisisi kahle kuye kuvakale kancono uma asho lamagama latawufaka<br />
sona lesiNgomane.<br />
Imvamisa lesive uma sikhuluma sivamise kungasishiyi lesibongo lesitsi 'Ngomane'<br />
enkhulumeni yabo ikakhulukati kuleyo naleyo nkhulumo. Ngalesinye sikhatsi lesibongo<br />
siye sisentjetiswe kugcizelelwa inhlonipho nobe kuphukuta kuya ngekutsi lenkhulumo<br />
injani nobe ikhulunywa esimeni lesinjani. Kulesinye sikhatsi uma bakhuluma baye<br />
bacalise sicalo Ma- ekucaleni kwesibongo sabo. Loku bakwenta kakhulu uma bagcizelela<br />
esiveni sabo uma bakhuluma naso. Uma lokhulumako angaze atsi 'maNgomane'<br />
kulomunye umhlangano kubonisa kugcizelela sikhulumi satsi "maNgomane dlanini<br />
mampime ngobe inyama incane".<br />
laku kubonisa kutsi abadle batincishe ngobe kuncane nobe bashiyelane ngobe inyama<br />
incane. Uma sikhuluma sitsi maNgomane kuba naloko kulalela nekulangatelela kuba<br />
khona uma kungaze kuvakale 10 "maNgomane". Lokunye lokuyindlela lekukhulunywa<br />
ngayo kulesive sakaNgomane kusebentisa "shi" enkhulumeni yaho. la 'shi' usukela<br />
kulesinanatelo sabo lesitsi "Mshika" lokusho kwehla. Lesive ngobe sitsi sona sa "shika"<br />
kungako 10 "shi" angasali uma bakhuluma. lmvamisa lapho lekumele kutsi kungene "si"<br />
enkhulumeni sona lesive sivala nga "shi". Sibonelo:<br />
+ Esingowe = e5hingowe<br />
+ Sinyukane = Shinyukane<br />
Nanobe 10 'si' agucuke waba ngu 'shi' kodvwa akubi ngato tonkhe tikhatsi,<br />
abakhona<br />
lamanye emagama langasebentisi 10 'shi'. Lamanye emagama aye acalise 10 'shi'<br />
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ekucaleni kwanobe nguliphi ligama. Ugama lelitsi intfombatane baye balibite<br />
ngalendlela:<br />
Intfombatane = shintombazanyane<br />
Loku kudalwa kuhlanganisa Sizulu ne5iswati enkhulumeni yabo.<br />
Mahlalela nalabanye (1994:1) baphawula ngemasiko nenchubo yeMaswati kanje:<br />
Ernasiko nemihambo yeMaswati ayifundziso lenhle lebalulekile<br />
futsi. Endvulo bekalandzelwa sibili emasiko lenhlukene. Umuntfu<br />
lobekhombisa kungawahloniphi lamasiko bekatsattwa<br />
njengemuntfu longaphili kahle, letingaphelelanga kahle kuye.<br />
U5wati litsi umaliyakunyatsela eemabaleni akamuntfu likhulekele<br />
nchanti. Nawukhulekela utsi, ftE! nine bakaMaziya noma<br />
bakaMtfombeni sikhulekile." Uma uphetse tindvuku utibeka<br />
phansi noma utitintise lapha ecadzini kwemahlahla esibaya noma<br />
uteyamise endlini. Ernuva kwaloko wean-ke kufanele usondzele<br />
ngalapho kuchiyeme khona emadvodza, uhamba unyonyoba<br />
utincondle. Ufike uhlale phansi bhibibhibi, awulindzeli kutsi<br />
batakuletsela sihlansti noma sigid sekuhlala. Kufanele ubindzeli<br />
shaca. Ngoba labatakubingelela. Kutakusuka bona<br />
batokubingelela ngamunye ngamunye bate bayekuphela. Wena<br />
uvuma ngemhlonipho lenkhulu. Emuva kwaloko<br />
sewungabalandzisa lote ngako. Kepha nangabe utokotsa<br />
Iibandla, uyahlala ubeke indlebe yakho. Nangabe unetindzaba<br />
noma umbono nawe uyawacambitela lamanye emadvodza.<br />
Emasiko abaluleke kakhulu esiveni seMaswati lesifaka ekhatsi nato lonkhe tive<br />
letakhelene nawo. Sive sakaNgomane akusiso sive lesitimele sodwana, kepha<br />
singephasi kweseMaswati. Lulwimi-sogodzi lolubhice siTsonga, Siswati, siMbayi<br />
neSipedi. Lokugcamako ekugdneni buswati kuneletinye tilwimi nemasiko.<br />
4.2. S1BONGO <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong> NELULWIMI<br />
Lesive sakaNgomane satsi uma sichamuka sita eMphumalanga, etintsabeni<br />
taseLugogota letiyamene nakaSikhukh~<br />
satsi siya "shika" lokuchaza kwehla. Loku<br />
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ftshika" kululwimi IWe5ITsonga/ Shangane njengobe bachamuka eMiddleburg behlela<br />
endzaweni lapho bekuhlala khona emaShangane, bebasho kutsi behla etintsabeni. -<br />
Sichazwe njengebantfu labacine kakhulu labangahluleki kalula etintfweni taboo Size<br />
sitilinganise nesihlahla semganu lesihluma emini kodvwa ntsambama sihhohloke. Sibuye<br />
sitifanise nesihlahla lesidne kakhulu imbondvo. Imbondvo sihlahla lesinenhlitiyo lednile<br />
futsi sivutsa sikhatsi lesidze sinemalamahle laphutako nekucima futsi manyenti kakhulu.<br />
Ngalendlela sidne ngayo akusilula nekusigawula kute wente tinkhuni. Naso lesive<br />
besitsandza kutikhukhumeta kakhulu ngobe batsi bona ngibo labatala emakhosi,<br />
kwangatsi letinye tive tona atiwatali emakhosi.<br />
Lesibongo sakaNgomane sifaka kakhulu siShangane enkhulumeni yasa kungako<br />
nesinanatelo sabo sinesiShangane lesinyenti ngaphakatsi. Kulesinanatelo sabo<br />
ababashiyi labakhulu ngalesikhatsi basuka lena enkhabeni ye-Afrika.<br />
4.2.1. TInanatelo<br />
Sibongo sakaNgomane sinanatelwa ngetindlela letimbili:<br />
KunebakaNgomane Sidlamatiko<br />
KunebakaNgomane Mganu<br />
NGOMANE MGANU<br />
Ngomane!<br />
Mshika!<br />
Sidlamatiko!<br />
Sidlemu!<br />
Mganu lomkhulu lowahluma emini kaMandlakazi<br />
Watsi ntsambama waphindze wahhohloka.<br />
XlWUndla xa mondzo IexihlulakiJ<br />
Vapandzeri<br />
Mshika! Ngomane!<br />
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Lena ncenye yekucala yesisinanatelo njengobe totimbili tibonisa ngalokusobala kuloku<br />
lokuchaziwe kutsi ngekuhamba lesive besihlangane naletinye tive lobekwenta kutsi<br />
lulwimi lobelukhulunywa lugcine lunamatsele kuleto nobe kuleso sive lebahlangabetene<br />
naso. Uma sibuka lomugca lotsi "xiwundla xa mondzo lexihlulaka vapandzeri".<br />
XlWUndla- sihlahla<br />
Xa mondzo - imbondvo<br />
Lexihlulaka - lesihlula<br />
Vapandzeri- bagawuli<br />
Lesinalencenye lefaka siShangane ngobe batsi mabehlela eLugogota bawatfola<br />
emaShangane neMambayi. Ngito letive lebetenta kutsi lulwimi Iwabo lugdne selufaka<br />
tonkhe letilwimi lebebahlangabetana nato. NebakaSambo njengobe kuvelile<br />
emlandvweni bona bebavela eMozambiki, bona bebakhuluma siShangane. Balekelela<br />
bakaNgomane emphini kwatsi ebafati babo bendza kaNgomane. Nalapho kwenta kutsi<br />
lulwimi uhlangahlangane. Magogo Ngomane vena utsi bekati kutsi siShangane lulwimi<br />
Iwebafati ngobe ngibo labafati bakaSambo lebebasikhuluma kakhulu.<br />
NGOMANE SIDLAMAlIKO<br />
Ngomane!<br />
Mshika!<br />
Mshika wemoya,<br />
Sidlamatiko!<br />
Mdumezulu<br />
Mampuku,<br />
Sibumbu lesikhulu lesitala emakhosi<br />
Mshika! Ngomane!<br />
Singeke sabaphika nobe sakubalekela kutsi sive sakaNgomane sive lesikhulu. ulencenye<br />
yesibili yesinanatelo kuvela "Sidlamatiko" lokusho kutsi lapho bebahamba khona<br />
uhlukana kwabo naNgomane Mdletshe aye kwaZUlu-Natal.<br />
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Ngomane I vena wahamba wate wafika eMiddleburg. Lokutsi 'Sidlamatiko' kusho kutsi<br />
sidla imibuso, yingako bakaSambo nobe babalekelela emphini masebaphumelele<br />
umbuso waba ngewabo ngibo lebatfola luclvumo lolukhulu kutsi bancobile.<br />
Kulisiko Iwanobe ngusiphi sive kutikhukhumeta, nebakaNgomane nabo batibona<br />
bancono shengatsi ngibo kuphela lebangatala emakhosi. Loku sikutfola lapho batsi:"<br />
Sibumbu lesikhulu lesitala emakhosi"<br />
Kubhica Siswati nesiShangane etinanatelweni takaNgomane akusho kutsi Siswati sibili<br />
asatiwa. Uma bakhuluma bakaNgomane uye uve emagama e5iswati lajulile<br />
nalakhombisa inhlonipho lafana nalawa:<br />
emasi > emavutja<br />
indlela > ingcitfo<br />
khuluma > tsakuta<br />
emashica > imbakuza<br />
ematolo > umbetse<br />
tindlubu > umdvunacolo<br />
indle > umnngowe<br />
inkhukhu > siphanddzamataJa<br />
umkhuhlane > umdzingane<br />
sitsebe > umgayelo<br />
Iibovu > lidvumane<br />
Iicansi > lwaluko<br />
tibungu > tibonkho<br />
imbuti > inkhuleko<br />
umoya > umheleto<br />
inyoni > imphapha<br />
Iihhashi > incwabala<br />
sihlahla > inyambi<br />
imbuti > inkhuleko<br />
ematinyo > emahlafuno<br />
emanti > emavoti<br />
inkhomo > injilane<br />
Emagama enhlonipho eSiswati andzile e1ulwimini Iwesive sakaNgomane aye acapheleke<br />
kakhulu ngulabo labalandzela kufundziswa nekukhuJunywa kwetilwimi. Lokuye<br />
kwehluke kubo indlela lebaphimisa ngayo emagama kanye s\nesigd lesivelako<br />
ekucaleni, ekhatsi nasekugdnenei kweligama.<br />
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Loku kukhombisa kutichenya ngebafati babo kutsi kwangatsi ngibo bodvwa<br />
lebebaphiwe kakhulu kutsi kufanele bona kutala emakhosi.<br />
4.3 IMPHILO YESIVE <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong> NEMNOTFO WASO<br />
4.3.1. llnktMJnno<br />
Kusukela mandvulo tinkhomo betingumgogodla wemphilo wesive sebantfu<br />
labamphisholo. Tinkhomo betibaluleke kakhulu. Umuntfu lebekangenayo inkhomo<br />
bekabukeka njengemuntfu lophuyile kakhulu, bekangabonakali ngisho nebumnuzane<br />
bakhe ngobe angenato tinkhomo.<br />
Tinkhomo betibaluleke kakhulu kulesive ngobe ekulimeni bekusentjetiswa tona kulinywe<br />
emasimini lamakhulu kuhlanyelwe emabele nalokunyenti kudla kwasemasimini nanobe<br />
sekuvuniwe ngito lebetitfwala lokudla tikuyise ekhaya. Uma umuntfu atfuke walala<br />
nemfati walenye indvoclza abehlawuliswa tona tinkhomo leti, atikhohlwe esibayeni<br />
kulesinye sikhatsi bekugalelwa sibaya sonkhe adliwe lonelicala.<br />
Imali yayingekho, uma utotsatsa umfati bekukhokhwa tona tinkhomo njengemalobolo.<br />
BakaNgomane nabo bekusive lesifuyile futsi setsembele kuto tinkhomo njengelifa<br />
Ielikhulu. Tinkhomo bebatisebentisa ngisho nasemisebentini lemikhulu lapho kUjatjuliwe<br />
kahlatjwe kudliwe. Kulesinye sikhatsi bekuyiwa nato emkhosini uma kwentekile kutsi<br />
ticeliwe tinkhomo umuti ngemuti. Ngisho vena umfati lotawutalela sive inkhosi leto<br />
tinkhomo lekulotjolwa ngate lomfati betikhishwa ngiso sive.<br />
Ngalesikhatsi Soshangane ahlasele lesive sakaNgomane watsatsa tonkhe tinkhomo<br />
lowatitfola wahamba nate kwelaseMozambiki. Lake kwenta kutsi lomnotfo wehle<br />
kakhulu lokwenta nekutsi baphuye kakhulu ngobe vele tinkhomo betingumgogodla<br />
welifa nemphilo yabo. Lubisi belingukudla lebekutfolakala etinkhomeni, nebantfwana<br />
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ebasengelwa lubisi bawbe amasi baphile njengobe bekukudla kwabo lebebaphila<br />
ngako. Ngenkhomo iyodvwa kunengi lobekutfolakala kuyo futsi kwenta lesive siphile.<br />
4.3.2. Timbuti<br />
Emlandvweni wetive letikhona lapha eNingizimu ye-Afrika imbuti ibaluleke kakhulu nave<br />
ngulenye lebeyatiswa kakhulu emlandvweni. Kwekucala nalokubalulekile kutsi imbuti<br />
bebayisebentisa kakhulu uma benta umsebenti walabaphansi. Imbuti kutsi bekusilwane<br />
lesihambisana nemadloti. Wonkhe umsebenti lebebawenta bawentele labaphansi<br />
bekudzingeka imbuti. Ngako-ke imbuti beyibaluleke kakhulu njengemfuyo emlandvweni<br />
walesive.<br />
Lena bekusifuyo lapho umnumzane avakashelwe bekungiyo inkhukhu yakhe<br />
lebekakwati kutsi abahlabise yona. Ngisho nobe kulotjolwa imbuti beyisentjetiswa<br />
kUjubela tinkhomo temalobolo, lobekuyindlela yekubonakalisa kutsi tinkhomo letiletsiwe<br />
tiyemukeleka. Ingati yembuti beyibaluleke kakhulu uma kutfwaswa emadloti uma<br />
umuntfu atfwasiswa emadloti atowuba sangoma bekumele ayimunye yonkhe lengati<br />
yaleyo mbuti. Loku bekuluphawu Iwekutsi lamadloti ayaphila uma nje utawuphumelela<br />
nekugwinya lawo macatsa naleyo ngati uphindze futsi awahlante uma sekudzingekile.<br />
4.3.3. Tinkhukhu<br />
Tinkhukhu nguletinye setifuyo lebebatifuyile. Nato betinemsebenti lobaluleke kakhulu.<br />
Kubomake emakhaya ngito tinkhukhu lebebatisebentisa kute kutsi bakwati kwenta<br />
umshibo bentele bantfwana.<br />
Kantsi kulesinye sikhatsi tinkhukhu tiyasentjetiswa uma kulashwa utfole kutsi ingati<br />
yenkhukhu ihlanganiswa nemutsi lotsite kute kulashwe umuntfu lotsite.Uma kUphahlwa<br />
kulesinye sikhatsi inkhukhu lemnyama beyisentjetiswa nobe lemhlophe. Lesive<br />
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esiyihlonipha kakhulu inkhukhu ngobe beyilusito lolukhulu emphilweni yesive<br />
sakaNgomane.<br />
4.3.4. TIngulube<br />
Tingulube nato betifuyiwe. Tona betifuyelwa kutsi konkhe lokudla lokusele lapha ekhaya<br />
tikulondvolote ngekutsi tikudle kantsi nemafutsa ato asentjetiswa kakhulu. lkakhulukati<br />
lena letifele ingumutsi. Lokunye betifuyelwa inyama kulabo lebatidlako.<br />
4.4. LOKUTFOl..AKALA EMASIMINI<br />
4.4.1.TIndlubu<br />
Tindlubu tikudla lokubaluleke kakhulu kulesive ngobe emlandvweni kuyavakala kutsi<br />
kwatsi ngalelinye lilanga ihlasele, ihlaselwa bakaNgomane, kwatfolakala bomake<br />
emasimini bagubha tindlubu batsi mababuta kutsi ngabe ngibo yini bakaNgomane labo<br />
bantfu baphika balala ngesiphundvu paphika kutsi bakaNgomane batsi bona<br />
bakaKubhayi.<br />
Yingako lamuhla bakaKubhayi sebafuna kubuyela emuva batsatse sibongo sabo<br />
sakaNgomane. Kuvela konkhe loku ngitama kubonisa kutsi tindlubu bekungukudla<br />
nemnotfo wesive sakaNgomane. Kanyenti tindlubu betiphekwa kwentiwe tinkhobe,<br />
tatidliwa timanti, kulesinye sikhatsi betidliwa tomile kwentiwe tinkhobe. Kulesinye<br />
sikhatsi betentiwa umshibo tifakwe emantongomane tishitjwe neliphalishi.<br />
4.4.2. Emabele<br />
Emabele abelinywa kakhulu yingako ngesikhatsi sawo bewungatfoli make nobe<br />
umntfwana emasimini ngobe bekufuneka kutsi kulindvwe tinyoni emasimini.<br />
Emabele<br />
73
ngekwehlukana kwawo abelinywa onkhe, bekukhona ingombela, umgcobane nelidvoye.<br />
Manengi emabele abelinywa futsi siyati kutsi namuhla emabele abita timali letishisiwe.<br />
4.4.3. Ummbila<br />
Ummbila ngulokunye kudla kwasemasimini lobekulinywa ngiso lesive sakaNgomane.<br />
Kudla loku lobekulinywa nguwo wonkhe umndeni. Uma kuwniwe kufakwe eticolobaneni<br />
kugdnwe kahle kute kudliwe ngesikhatsi sasebusika sonkhe kutsi nakufika lelinye<br />
lihlobo kulinywe futsi lomunye ummbila.<br />
4.4.4. Emalltongomane<br />
Emantongomane nawo abelinywa ehlobo, kungulokunye kudla lebekudliwa ngulesive<br />
futsi lebekungumnotfo wabo. Kulesinye sikhatsi abetsengiswa uma amanyengi kakhulu.<br />
Kulapho bekubakhona kutsengiselana ngalokutsite kute utfole loko longenako.<br />
4.4.5. ~<br />
Umoba bewungekho bekudliwa imfe njengesitjalo sasemasimini lebesihlanyelwa<br />
nemmbila nemabele kuhlangene. Imfe lena iyanongotela icishe ifane nemoba.<br />
Iluhlanga loludze loludla ngekutsi ucate emacembe bese udla lolu lokungekhatsi.<br />
4.5. Tembangave<br />
Tinyengi tigigaba lebahlangabetane nato ngenca yentfutfuko nobe ngenca yekufika<br />
kwebadzeshi. Kwaba khona tingucuko letinyenti tabangela kutsi emakhosi ayiswe<br />
ekudzingisweni kwemakhosi ngobe angafuni kulalela. lapha ngitawenta nobe nginikete<br />
tehlakalo letimbalwa.<br />
4.5.1 Inkhosi Sidlemu Ngomane ~khosi Mswati<br />
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Uma sifundza lomlandvo sitfola kutsi inkhosi Dlemu ngenca yekutsi yehlulwa. emphini<br />
yabese ibekwa kutsi ibuke lendzawo lebeyikuyo kwakudzingeke kutsi njalo ngemnyaka<br />
itsele enkhosini yeMaswati.<br />
Yachubeka ikwenta loka ngekutsi i1etse inshi nobe tinsiba tenshi enkhosini yeMaswati.<br />
Kwatsi lapho kutfunyelwa ligama kuNtiyi wase usola Dlemu Ngomane kutsi kungani<br />
aphule sivumelwano lebasenta wasivuma, wachubeka Dlemu watsela ngobe vele<br />
bebavumelene ekuhlulweni kwakhe.<br />
4.5.2 Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane (Kalugedlane)<br />
Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane webukhosi bakaLugedlane, njengobe bukhosi lobukhulu<br />
bakaNgomane kwatsi lapho basuswa eKruger National Park kutsiwa ababuye batowakha<br />
eMangweni. Kwabamatima kakhulu sive sala kusuka kuto tonkhe letindzawo lapho<br />
besihlala khona leso sive sakaNgomane.<br />
Inkhosi Mphoti Ngomane yayingafuni kusuka endzaweni yayo kanye nebantfu bayo<br />
kodvwa kwatsi lapho emabhunu abonile kutsi uma bangatfungatsa lenkhosi bayitfumbe<br />
lesive sakaNgomane singasuswa kalula kulendzawo lenamuhla yatiwa ngekutsi iKruger<br />
National Park. Watsatfwa njalo Mphoti Ngomane ebokhosini bakaLugedlane wayiswa<br />
ekudzingisweni kulase Cape Town nabo Bloemfontein lapho wafike wagdnwa khona<br />
sikhatsi lesidze wate wabuyiswa ekudzingisweni nga- 1958.<br />
Watsi nakabuyiswa watfola sive sakhe sesiseMangweni nobe eNhlangiyavuka lapho<br />
watfola kutsi sebajutjelwe siceshana selive. Kulapho wefikela<br />
khona wahlala lapho<br />
kabuhlungu wate wakhotsama.<br />
Lendzawo ayikate yamtfokotisa ngobe bekati kutsi ushiye indzawo Ielifa lalishiyelwa<br />
bobabe mkhulu wakhe. Ngisho nernadliza abo bobabe mkhulu wawashiya khona lena<br />
bekasuka khona eKruger National Park.<br />
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Loku kungumlandvo lobonisako kutsi lesive sakaNgomane bel
Ngaleyondlela besihlukumeteka kakhulu lesive sakaNgomane sihlukunyetwa kufika<br />
kwemlumbi basishayela imitsetfo yabo lebeyibaphatsa kabuhlungu. Nanaone kunjalo<br />
sabeketela kwate kwaba ngulamuhla seloku sisive lesibumbene futsi lesihlangene<br />
njengobe nalamuhla bukhosi bakaNgomane buloku buyaphila.<br />
4.6 Imphilo YesiYe SakaNgomane<br />
Sive sakaNgomane sisive lesiwalandzelelako emasiko aso nanobe ahlanganise tive<br />
letimbili, lekusive semaTsonga lokumaShangane nesive seMaswati. Lamasiko aletive<br />
letimbili ngiwo lekakha emasiko esive sakaNgomane. Kuyakholwakala kutsi ngalesikhatsi<br />
lesive sichamuka lena enhla nelive safike sahlala nemaShangane kanye neMaswati.<br />
Loko kubonakala ngalendlela emasiko abo anamatsela ngakhona kuletive letimbili.<br />
Nanobe kunjalo sive sakaNgomane satsatsa kuphela loko lesikudzingako kodvwa<br />
lokunye sakuyekela njengobe kunjalo.<br />
Kulolucwaningo kutawubukwa kakhulu indlela bantfu bakaNgomane bacitsa ngakhona<br />
situnge nangendlela lena babambelele ngakhona ekutekaneni kwabo ngesintfu. Tigaba<br />
letitawubukwa uma bacitsa situnge nobe bahlangene nalabanye ngulokuhlangana<br />
ngekutsi banatse buganu, umcombotsi, kuhlaba inkhomo nobe ngabe ngusiphi silwane<br />
lesidliwako. Lokunye kubukwe kutekana kwabo, indlela lena bagidza ngayo umtsimba<br />
nobe umshongolo njengesive lesiwahlanganisako lamasiko lamabili.<br />
KUlolucwaningo kutawubukwa futsi nekutsi ngembikwekutsi bagidze umtsima baganana<br />
kanjani. Nguyiphi indlela yekugana lebavamis kuyilandzela kakhudlwana. Ingabe kuteka<br />
lekungiko ngukuphi kulesive sakaNgomane lapho ungativa khona kutsi sewungurnfati<br />
mbamba nayo indvodza itibone kutsi seyingubabe sibili.<br />
4.6.1 Buganu<br />
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Sive sakaNgomane sisive lesitsandza kuhlangana nalabanye bantfu belusendvo<br />
nebantfu nje basemphakatsini lesiphila kuwo. Sisive lesitsi uma sijabulile sihlangane<br />
nalabanye bantfu ngendlela yekutijabulisa nekutitfokotisa. Siyakutsakasela kuhlangana<br />
nalabanye bese kUyadliwa kunatfwe kube njeya.<br />
Ekuhlanganeni kwalesive nalabanye bemmango nobe lebakhelene nabo kusekelwa<br />
ngulabasikati. labasikati badlala indzima lenkhulu kakhulu ngobe kUhlangana kwalesive<br />
kusetandleni taboo labasikati imicimbi yekuhlangana bayisekela ngekutsi bona<br />
nebantfwana babo ikakhulu bemantfombatane bahambe baye esigangeni bayofuna<br />
emaganu. Lokuhlangana kucala kulingiselelwa kusese nesikhatsi lesidze ngobe<br />
labasikati kumele kutsi bahambe bacocane bonkhe bese bayofuna emaganu<br />
ngebunyenti.<br />
lamaganu uma atfolakele atawubekwa ndzawonye ate abe manyenti bese kubekwa<br />
lilanga lapho atawubhotjotwa khona. Uma kubhotjotwa kulandvwa bantfu labanyenti<br />
ngobe kusuke kUyintfo yemphakatsi. Talukati letisadnile nato tiyacelwa kutsi tite<br />
titewulekelela. Empheleni kukhulunywa lidniso ngobe nato tiyati kutsi yintfo leyenteka<br />
minyaka yonkhe. Kulesinye sikhatsi akwenteki kutsi kubitwe sive sonkhana kodvwa<br />
kuba bornakhelwane kanye nebantfu labasondzelene. KUligcabho kulabasikati<br />
kubhobota emaganu awabhobotela labadvuna.<br />
Nemindeni ngekwehlukana kwayo iyabhobota emaganu iwabhobotela banurnzane<br />
belikhaya. Kutawutsi nasekufike lilanga lekuwabhobota lamaganu bese benta njengobe<br />
kufanele. Uma abhobotwe kahle emaganu ngendlela yakhona kuba ngemalanga<br />
lamabili nje kuphela bese kutsi ngaleli lesitsatfu bese buyanatfwa lobuganu. Bugoboloke<br />
bona bunatfwa ngelilanga lesibili emaganu abhotjotiwe. Bogobolo buyanongotela,<br />
baye babufanise newayini labayatiko.<br />
78
Andries Lubisi 1 (2004) utsi: BugOOolo bumnandzi ngobe buyanongotela abubabi bufana<br />
neLemon Twist.<br />
Ngalesikhatsi busalungiswa buganu kusuke kwatiwa kutsi buyonatfwa kabani<br />
ngalesingaki futsi. Kutawutsi umakusondzele lelo langa kwentiwa emalungiselelo kutsi<br />
konkhe kube sesimeni ngekutsi lapho kutawunatfwa khona kuhlatjwe inyamatane<br />
letawudliwa ngalelo langa. Yonkhe imidmbi yesintfu ihambisana nekuchitseka kwengati.<br />
Ngalengati kusuke kucelwa tibusiso nekutsi kungabi nemimoya lemibi njengobe<br />
kutawuba nemsebenti wekuhlanganyela kulelo khaya ngobe kunatfwa buganu.<br />
Umnumzane welikhaya uma abikela labaphansi ngalomsebenti uye atsi ubikela bantfu<br />
balelo khaya ngobe atsi akusilo lakhe kodvwa nguJabafa ngobe ngibe labambukela<br />
lelikhaya. Khumalo (1995) acashunwe nguKhumalo (1997:118) ubeka kanjena:<br />
Naso-ke isilwane enginibikela ngaso. 5engathi-ke ningakwemukela<br />
nonkhe ngezandla zombili nangezinhliziyo ezimhlophe. Sikhulekela<br />
okumhlophe kodwa okufana nezinhlabathi zolwandle.<br />
Ngekwenta njalo umnumzane welikhaya usuke afuna kutsi emadloti abe nabo<br />
ngalelolanga kungabi netingoti ngobe kungenteka kutsi bantfu balwe, bagwazane nobe<br />
kuphume siclwmbu ngobe batawube badzakiwe. Buyadzakwana phela buganu.<br />
labadwna basitsandza kakhulu sikhatsi sebuganu ngobe kutsiwa buhlobisa sisu. Ingani<br />
bangabunatsa bavakashela kakhulu endlini lencane. Magareth Mashabane ubeka<br />
kanjena ngebuganu: ~ Buganu bungumvusa nkunzi"<br />
Kunekukholelwa ekutseni emva kwebuganu labasikati labanyenti batfolakala batitfwele.<br />
Ngelilanga lekunatfwa ngalo lobuganu emaclvodza kanye nalabasikati bajabula kakhulu.<br />
Kusuke kudliwa inyama kunatfwa netjwala. Ngingasho kutsi kusuke kusindwe<br />
ngebelitfole. Na kusanatfwa lobuganu kuhlatjelelwa tingoma letinyenti letihambisana<br />
nebuganu. labakwatiko kugidza bagidza nebuganu. Labasikati basuke bahlabelela nabo<br />
I Andries Lubisi Iijaba lelidzala leliJekutalwa esigodzini sakaSbongwe, eMpumalanga. Kwacocwa naye ngamblaka<br />
21 eNdlovini Lenkhulu 2004.<br />
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ashaye netandla nakukhona lekagidzako. Lenye yaletingoma letihlatjelelwako ngulena<br />
letsi:<br />
Umholi<br />
Ngicokeleleni bafati,<br />
Ngicokeleleni labatsandvwa ngimi,<br />
Ngicokeleleni bafati,<br />
Ngicokeleleni labatsandvwa ngimi.<br />
Ukhorasi: Awusangicokeleli,<br />
Cokelelani labatsandvwa ngimi.<br />
Nawucedza kugidza logidzako uyatibongela vena lokubugcabho balesive.<br />
kugidza utawuvakala ngekutsi atsi:<br />
Nasekacedzile<br />
Hohlo sihlezi, ubukhosi, Ngomane.<br />
Emva kwalenkhulumo naso sive sitawutsi, hohlo, Ngomane. Na kusukuma lomunye<br />
agidza kutawuba ngiso sona leso baze baphelele bonkhe labafuna kugidza. Imvamisa<br />
uma sekugidvwa kusuke sekuhlangene nekuvalelisa kulabo labafuna kusheshe bahambe<br />
kusakhanya. La hohlo ingwazi uma iceda kugidza kantsi nalapho lobuganu sekute bona<br />
kuyashiwo kutsi sekuyaminyelwa.<br />
Ngalesinye sikhatsi kusuke kusasele ludziwo lunye nje kuphela uma sekucalwa<br />
kuvaleliswa. Urna kusho kutsi sekute sanhlobo buganu ingoma lehlatjelwako leyatiwa<br />
kakhulu ngulena letsi:<br />
HANGALAKANI<br />
Umholi<br />
: Hangalakani,<br />
Kosala switsongo,<br />
Hilakuminyetela<br />
Ukhorasi: Hangalakani,<br />
Kosala switsongo,<br />
Hangalakani<br />
80
Umholi<br />
: Hangalakani,<br />
Kosala switsongo,<br />
Hilakuninyetela<br />
Ukhorasi : Hangalakani,<br />
Kosala switsongo,<br />
Hangalakani<br />
Emva kwalengoma bonkhe bantfu labafuna kuhamba batawubuyela umuva emakhaya<br />
abo. Nanobe buganu bunatselwa ebukhosini incubo iba yinye kodvwa kuhluka enyameni<br />
ngoba inkhomo ihlatjwa bukhosi, ihlabele sive sayo lekusive sakaNgomane.<br />
4.6.2 Umcombotsi<br />
Umcombotsi tjwala besintfu lebatiphisela bona labadzala ekhaya. Lotjwala kuvame kutsi<br />
buvutjwe ngibo labadzala ekhaya. Imvamisa umcombotsi uyanatfwa kantsi ngalesinye<br />
sikhatsi utselwa phansi esihlahleni nobe endzaweni lekumele kutsi kuphahlelwe kuyo.<br />
Kunekwetsemba kutsi umcombotsi ungemahewu kubantfu lesebafa. Umcombotsi tjwala<br />
besintfu lekuyindlela yekuhlanganisa bantfu emphakatsini nobe emndenini.<br />
Wenta kutsi bantfu bahlangane babe ndzawonye lapho batawukhona kutsi uma<br />
bahlangene kube yindlela yabo yekwatana. Umcombotsi uphiswa ngemvubelo, shukela,<br />
incwancwa kanye nemmbila. Loku kutjwala besintfu lokwenta kutsi bantfu<br />
lababunatsako bahlale basutsi uma banatsile. Kumahewu, nanobe kudzakwana kodvwa<br />
akufani nalobu besilumbi.<br />
Umcombotsi ekhaya uphiswa bafati nobe bogogo. Imvamisa umcombotsi uphiswa<br />
ngemakhosikati ernnurnzane aphisela umnurnzane wawa. Umnurnzane loteke kahle<br />
ubonakalangako kutsi uma asemtini wakhe ahle aphakamisa ludziwana lwakhe<br />
Iwemahewu. Bomakhelwane wakhe uma bamvakashela kuba khona lokunatfwako<br />
kukhombisa kutsi udla asutse.<br />
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Ngalesinye sikhatsi uye angababiti umnumzane bomakhelwane bakhe kodvwa ngobe<br />
kuyatiwa kutsi ekhaya tjwala buhlala bukhona ubona ngabo sebamvakashela ngobe<br />
batawutsambisa imiphimbo yabo.<br />
Umcombotsi nawo uba nako kuyidida kancane ingcondvo. Uma labanatsile bativa<br />
shengatsi badzakiwe nabo bayagidza bahlabele netingoma.Uma kunatfwa nangabe<br />
sebuphelile bomakhelwane batawuhamba babuyele emakhaya abo. Indvodza<br />
yakaNgomane ayimtumi umfati ekhaya. Uma ibuya iculai ngoma nobe ibite litibul layo<br />
isachamuka lena ekudzeni. Uba khoma umsinjwana leyiwentako khona batoyiva kutsi<br />
seyiyabuya. Uma umfati ayiva uyalungisa nave. Margareth Mashabane 2 (2003) ukubeka<br />
ngalendlela:<br />
Kwentelwa kutsi nobe ngabe kunemuntfu endlini akwati kuphuma<br />
ngalenye indzawo kute kutsi angamboni umnumzane.<br />
Umnumzane utawufika ekhaya adle ngobe usuka sekadlile. Useke sekahlangene<br />
nalabanye bontsanga yakhe. Umnumzane welikhaya utawube akwatile kuvakashela<br />
bontsanga yakhe babe nelitfuba lekucoca ngalesikhatsi banatsa umcombotsi nalabanye.<br />
4.6.3 Kuhlaba<br />
Bashika baye bakubone kuyintfo lenhle naletsandzekako kutsi bake bahlabe silwane<br />
bahlabele lemindeni lapho emakhaya. Kulesinye sikhatsi baye bahlabe ngobe bafuna<br />
kubita bantfu lebahlebene nabo kutsi bete batewukudla inyama. Kuhlaba bantfu<br />
bakaNgomane bakwenta ngobe bafuna kuhlangana nebelusendvo nobe bantfu besive<br />
emmangweni.<br />
2 Margareth Mashabane ngubake lokhulile imphela lowekutalwa lwIe1a lakaShoogwe. Kwaax:wa naye tingu-12<br />
Imphala 2003<br />
82
Uma babita umphakatsi bafuna kuhlanana nalabanye bantfu bendzawo labakhona kute<br />
kutsi bahlangane bavakeshelane nobe batane kutsi lomunye ukuphi uhlala kabani.<br />
Kuhlaba kuyahlanganisana ikakhulu uma nibantfu besigodzi sinye.<br />
Bantfu lebagdnene kudzala baphindze babonane ngobe kusikhatsi sakhona sekutsi<br />
abadle inyama kuphela kodvwa nekuhlangana. Uma sihlangene lesive sifuna kuvuselela<br />
emasiko kute kutsi labancane labasakhulako bawati nabo emasiko abo. Indlela lenye<br />
lebayisebentisako labantfu bakaNgomane ngiko kutsi bahlangane uma bahlabile.<br />
Kubutsana kwabo ndzawonye ngilokunye lokubalulekile njengekukhumbutana indlela<br />
lebagidza ngayo umtsimba nobe umshongolo. Nakuhlatjiwe kulapho bafundzisa khona<br />
labasakhula indlela lekungiyo lekumelwe i1andzelwe lekuyincubo yalesive. Nakuhlatjiwe<br />
kuba intfo lejatjulelwako kakhulu ngulabadzala nalabancane. Sive sakaNgomane<br />
siyatihlaba tinyamatane tibe timbili nobe tintsatfu ingce nje nayitawudliwa lenkhomo<br />
nobe ngabe ngusiphi silwane lesihlatjiwe.<br />
BakaNgomane bantfu labatsandza kakhulu inyama. Lako sekuke kwabonakala<br />
kanyentana uma bahlangene bandzawonye. Kuye kwenteke ngaletinye tikhatsi uma<br />
bahlabile iphele inkhomo icedvwe ngibo bodvwa balelo khaya kungakefiki lomunye<br />
wangaphandle. Babantfu lebakholelwa kakhuJu ekutseni inyama yemadvodza ngobe<br />
kucala wona adle ngaphambi kwekutsi kudle bafati nebantfwana. Empheleni ngingasho<br />
kutsi kuJeisve kute lekayidvubako inyama.<br />
Kuhlaba inyamatane kukuhlanganisa bantfu kutsi batane kodvwa akusiko loko kuphela<br />
ngasikhatsi baye bahlabe ngobe bafuna kutihlanganisa nalabangasekho.<br />
Labafile beve kancono nangabe bacelwa ngengati yenyamatane nangabe kukhona<br />
labakufunako kecelwa ngayo ingati yenyamatane. Kuphuma kwemphefumulo<br />
wenyamatane kukholelwa ekutseni kutsi kube nenhlanhla kuloko lekucelwako.<br />
NangembaJa kutawuba kanjalo ngobe kukhona lesekulahlekelwe ngumphefumulo wako.<br />
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4.6.4 Kuganana<br />
Kuganana bekukhona endvulo nanyalo kusachubeka ngobe kwadalwa nguMdali. Umdali<br />
wakudala entela kutsi bantfu batalane bandze. Loku kufakazelwa naUbhayibheli lapho<br />
litsi khona:<br />
Nkulunkulu wababusisa, Nkulunkulu watsi kubo, talanani nandze,<br />
nigcwalise umhlaba.<br />
Genesis (1: 28)<br />
Sive sakaNgomane kuganana sikususela eBhayibhelini ngobe kwadalwa kutsi bantfu<br />
babotekana. Kungako bakaNgomane bakwenta Iisiko kuganana ngobe bakususela<br />
khona eBhayibhelini. Nalamuhla kuganana kusachubeka. Imvamisa bantfu<br />
bakaNgomane uma bateka nobe uma baganiwe bacala ngekusomana bona bobabili<br />
bese bayawmelana Lubisi (2002) uwubeka ngalendlela lombono:<br />
Intfombi uyayisoma kube singani uphindze uyisome futsi kutsi ibe<br />
ngumfati wakho.<br />
(Lubisi, 2002:3)<br />
Kutawutsi uma intfombi iwmile kutsi ningatsandzana bese lijaha lakaNgomane<br />
liyayicela kutsi imane iwme kutsi ibe ngumfati wayo. Kungaleso sikhatsi raphe Ielijaha<br />
litayikhulumisa kwesibili kutsi imane iwme kutsi ayiteke. Nge5iswati isonywa kabili<br />
intfombi ngekusho kwaLubisi (Iocashuniwe).<br />
Intfombi letihloniphako ayisonywa ngelilanga Iinye bese iyawma, kuba ngemalangana<br />
nobe iminyaka solo ingawmi. Nanobe seyiwmile kutsatsa sikhatsi kutsi kulungiswe<br />
konkhe ngobe kufaka bantfu belusendvo kakhulu. Imvamisa lesive sichuba indlela<br />
yekucala ngekutsi intfombi ivele khabo jaha uma seyiwmile nalo ngalokunjalo Iijaha<br />
kumele kutsi Iivele khabo ntfombi kute liyewubonwa ngulabadzala.<br />
Uma lemindeni<br />
84
lemibili ihlangene yatana kungaleso sikhatsi lapho itawulungisa kulobolelana ngendlela<br />
lekungiyo.<br />
4.6.5 ~~<br />
BakaNgomane balobola intfombi ntfo lesaphelele lengakabi ngumshwedla ngelisiko<br />
labo. Kodvwa ngenca yelutsandvo ngobe umuntfu angeke akhetselwa nalabo<br />
lebagwinyile sebayalotjolwa. Kodvwa ngelisiko lakaNgomane akumelanga kube njalo.<br />
Uma sekuvunyelwene nalemindeni lemibili bakhabo jaha bayahamba baye khabo<br />
ntfombi bayolobola. Uma intfombi i1otjolwa ngetinkhomo letilishumi temasondvo<br />
letiphelele lebayolobola batimemet:a tonkhe ngemibala yato. Kutawutsi lapho belikhaya<br />
babe sebati kutsi lena yani.<br />
Lochuba letinkhomo umemeta atsi: Siyalobola gogo! Sita nato tilishumi,<br />
insulamnyembeti yamake kanye nelugege.<br />
Utawutsi asatimemetile lotichubako achubeke asho umbala wensulamnyembeti kanye<br />
ne!ugege. Insulamnyembeti akumelanga kutsi isale uma intfombi ilotjolwa.<br />
Insulamnyembeti inkhomo yamake wentfombi. Uma kungenteka kutsi lijaha libebete<br />
tinkhomo nobe imali litsembe kutsi litawulobola ngayinye kodvwa insulamnyembeti<br />
akumelanga ingabi khona ngobe yamake futsi kufuneka inkhomo lehamba ngetinyawo<br />
tayo. BoRaddiffe- Brown na Forde (1975) bawufaka kanjena lombono:<br />
When a girl married, the mother's care and affection are recognized<br />
in the special best known as "wipe away of tear"<br />
(Insulamnyembeti) give her by the groom.<br />
(Raddiffe-Brown na Forde, 1975:7).<br />
Insumanyembeti kulesive sakaNgornane akumelanga kutsi itsatfwe ngulomunye<br />
umuntfu itsatfwa ngumake kuphela. BoRaddiffe- Brown na Forde (1975) bawufakazela<br />
ngalendlela lombono:<br />
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This remains the mothers property and may not be taken by her husband.<br />
(Radcliffe-Brown na Forde, 1975:95)<br />
Kantsi lombono ubuye usekwe nguKhumalo (1997) uma abeka kanjena:<br />
Uma sekulotjoliwe kungaleso sikhatsi laphe itawugidza<br />
umtsimba. Inkhomo kanina yaziwa ngokuthi yinkhomo<br />
yohlanga noma yongquthu. lbaluleke kabi lenkhomo<br />
kunina lomntwana nasemndenini. Ingumwzo kuyena<br />
ngqo ngubumama bakhe akuzaleni. Ekuchatheni,<br />
ekunakekeleni, ekukhuliseni lomntwana aze abe<br />
usekulungele ukuba ayogana. Yinkhomo yokumbonga<br />
lena evela kumkhwenyana wakakhe ngozalela<br />
nekumkhulisela ubambo Iwakhe. Ifana nse<br />
namabheka awuphawu lomkhwenyana nomndeni<br />
Iokubongwa kuyise womntwana ngokumzalela<br />
amkhuJisele ubambo lwakhe nomlobolokazi womndeni.<br />
Umtsimba kaNgomane wentiwa emva kwekuba kulotjolwane. Emva kwemalobolo<br />
intfombi itawugidza umtsimba. Umtsimba ungena ntsambama khabo jaha. Ngakusasa<br />
ekuseni makoti utawuwka aye emfuleni lapho bemtsimba batamtfola khona. Lena<br />
ernfuleni kutawufike kuhlatjwe sahhuku lekungiso lebatawudla sona ngembi kwekutsi<br />
umtsimba uye khabo jaha khona utewugidza. Makoti utawubonakala ngenyongo<br />
enhloko yesahhukulu kutsi nguye lekupheJeketelwe vena. Angacedza kugidza<br />
utawuwka ekuseni kakhulu avuswa bemuti bese uyomekeza bese ugcina<br />
ngekuhlambisa.<br />
Urna sekacedzile konkhe nekuhlambisa utawubitwa ngekutsi ungumfati wabani.<br />
BakaNgomane uma bateka umfati, umfati akasilahli sibongo sakhe.<br />
BoRadcliffe-Brown na Forde (1975: 91) bawubeka kanjena lombono:<br />
Wives always keep their own daim names and this distinguishes<br />
them as the "strangersn the out-group.<br />
Uma kungenteka kutsi abe nemntfwana utawubitwa ngalelitibuJ lakhe. Uma kungenteka<br />
kutsi emva kwekwendza angatfoli bantfwana bakubo baletsa inhlanti nobe vena<br />
aticelele inhlanti. Manning (1967) ukubeka kanjena:<br />
86
If after some years of marriage, a woman has no children she will<br />
of her own volition, approach her parents and ask them to give<br />
her a sister to help her. If the sister is available they will comply<br />
with the request as they are.<br />
(Manning, 1967: 203)<br />
Uma makoti ayinyumba kucelwa inhlanti kutsi itomtalela bantfwana. Ba Raddiffe-Brown<br />
an Forde (1975) baphawula kanjena:<br />
A younger sister should also be sent to bear children for a barren<br />
woman.<br />
(Raddiffe-Brown na Forde 1975: 185)<br />
labantfwana labatawutalwa yinhlanti bakhe naye lomfati lomdzala. Abakhetfwa<br />
ngesintfu. Batfunywa bonkhe ngekufana futsi nabo batawuhlonipha kakhulu naye<br />
lomake lomdzala. Kungenteka kutsi labantfwana bakhule bati kutsi unina wabo ngulona<br />
langabatali. Lako kwentiwa kutsi lomake uhlala nabo kakhulu labantfwana sikhatsi<br />
lesidze.<br />
Kulobola nako kuyindlela lehlanganisa bantfu emphakatsini ngobe bayahlangana babe<br />
ndzawonye ngalesikhatsi balondza tinkhomo. Narnzukwane kulotjolwa kuyahlanganwa<br />
bantfu babe banyenti kakhulu, bayahlangana bajabule kube njeya. Imidmbi lefana<br />
nalena bayayijabulela kakhulu ngobe kulapho babonana khona futsi batane. labanye<br />
batfola sikhatsi sekusomana.<br />
Ekulobolisaneni njengato tonkhe tive letimphisholo letikhona kuleli leningizimu neAfrika.<br />
lesi sive naso besiwachuba nobe besinayo indlela lebekwakhiwa ngayo buhlobo.<br />
Bakhabo jaha bebakhipha tinkhomo temasondvo letilishumu nesihlanu kanye nayinye<br />
inkhomo yamake Iekutsiwa insulanyembeti.<br />
87
Lenkhomo beyiba yinsikati. Kulesinye sikhatsi nobe batsi bekungakavami kutsi<br />
intfombatane itfolakale seyiphukile nobe seyitele encenye bese leto tinkhomo<br />
tiyaphulwa, kuya ngekutsi umnikati uyitsatsa kanjani lendzaba.<br />
Kulesinye sikhatsi uma kulotjolwa bebaye basho kutsi bayitsatsa nelugogo lwayo,<br />
lokusho kutsi nalowo mntfwana udzinga tinkhomo uhamba nenina. Kulabanye<br />
lomntfwana usala ekhabonina akhuliswe khona. Kuya ngekutsi kuvunyelwane kanjani.<br />
4.7 BUDLELWANO LOBUKHONA PHAKATSI KWABAKANGOMANE<br />
NALETINYE TIBONGO<br />
4.7.1. BakaNgomane nebakaKubhayi<br />
Ngingakachubeki kakhulu kangisho kutsi bakaNgomane nebakaKubhayi banye nobe<br />
basibongo sinye. Ngekwenteka kwekuhamba kwetikhatsi sibongo sakaKubhayi satitfola<br />
sesitimele.<br />
Kutsiwa kwenteka kutsi basemasimini emini bakaKubhayi bagubha tindlubu emasimini<br />
ngenca yebugwala kwatsiwa mabebuta kutsi bakabani, baphendvula batsi njengoba<br />
nisibona sigubha tindlubu nje tsine sibakakuBhayi. Basindza kanjalo ekufeni ngoba<br />
batse abasibo bakaNgomane. sabanamatsela njalo lesibongo sakaKubhayi. Basuka<br />
njalo kaNgomane baba bakaKubhayi. Bona sibongo sabo bakaNgomane.<br />
4.7.2. Bakangomane NebakaMala1e<br />
Malale bekuyindvodza yakaNgomane nave Malale wahlushwa kungetsembeki kungako<br />
wagdna satitfola anesiVe sakhe lesesihlukile kulesi sakaNgomane ibe vena<br />
wakaNgomane. Malale yena bekahlushwa ngumtimba kwatsi ngalelinye wabona<br />
88
dzadzewakhe ahleti, we:va avukelwa yinyama wabet:se uyatama kukuvikela loko<br />
wehluleka yamtsatsa inyama watitfola salele nadzadzewakhe.<br />
Emva kwaloko waba nguMalala ekhaya, wacoshwa kwatsiwa akahambe ayokwakha<br />
wakhe umuti. Wahamba Malala wayophemba wakhe umuti. Kwaba bakaMalale njalo<br />
kute kube ngunamuhla. Bona bakaNgomane, Malale bekuyindvodza yakaNgomane<br />
yabese idzabula sibongo sakaMalale. Letibongo letimbili sakaKubhayi naMalale akukho<br />
lokutenta tingabi takaNgomane. Ngaphandle nje kwaletehlakalo letenteka bona<br />
bakaNgomane sibongo sabo. Umuntfu wakaNgomane akamteki umuntfu wakaMalale<br />
newakaKubhayi newakaMdletshe.<br />
4.7.3. BakaNgomane NebakaMdletshe<br />
Lesi ngulesinye sibongo sakaNgomane. Ekusukeni kwaNgomane Mdletshe eSwatini<br />
wabhekisa emabombo Kazulu lapho wafike wahlangana nemabutfo enkhosi Shaka<br />
wagcina sayindvuna lenkhulu yenkhosi Shaka. Kazulu NataJi yingako ubeva batsi<br />
kuseMdletsheni basho ngoba basive sakaNgomane Mdletshe.<br />
Letibongo letintsatfu Malale, Kubhayi kanye naMdletshe sibongo sinye sakaNgomane.<br />
Njengobe kushiwo kutsi laba abatekani nobe abatsatsani ngoba kunalenkholelo yekutsi<br />
ngebantfwana bendvodza bonkhe.<br />
4.11.4. BakaNgomane NebakaMpapane<br />
Lesive saMpapane lesashaywa sacishe saphela singcongewa sive sakaNgomane. Lesive<br />
sakaMpapane besihlala ngase Komatidraai kwakuyinclzawo lenonile lenemhlaba<br />
lomuhle.<br />
BakaNgomane ngekulamba kutsiwa abahambe bayovimba imphi yaSoshangane, bafika<br />
lapha eKomatidraai lapho bebabhice khona bakaMpapane emahlatsini. Lendzawo<br />
89
eyatiwa ngel
Ingani phela uyati kutsi letinye tinkhomo tingetekile, sibaya sitawubuye sigcwale ngobe<br />
sekunaletinye tinkhomo letingenile. Uma kugidzwa umtsimba kusuke sekuphelele<br />
konkhe kutsi sewungenile esigabeni sebufati. Umfati usuke sekatekiwe ahleti ekhaya<br />
lakhe. BakaNgomane bayabahlonipha bafati babe kanye nebatfwana babe. Imvamisa<br />
abenti lokubi sekuya ngalowo muntfu kutsi utiphatsa kanjani vena.<br />
91
SEHLUK05<br />
5.0 BUDLELWANO BUSIVE <strong>SAKANGOMANE</strong> NALETIINYE TlVE.<br />
5.1 S1NGENISO<br />
BakaNgomane babambisana nemakhosi lamanyenti esive seMaswati kusukela<br />
eNkhabave kuze kube nyalo. BakaNgomane benyeti etindzaveni letimbili e5watini<br />
eLubonjeni nakaHhohho. Esifundzaveni seMpumalanga ubutfola kusukela Emalahleni,<br />
eMashishini, eLusaba, kaSikhukhuza, eBhova, uye uyewugdna emnyeleni wetintsaba<br />
teLubombo.<br />
Emakhosi eMaswati labambisana nebakaNgomane kakhulu ngulawa: Sobhuza IT<br />
5.2 <strong>LUCWANINGO</strong> LWAKHUMALO<br />
Khumalo (1995:44) uniketa luhla Iwelusendvo Iwemankhosi eMaswati lolulandzelako:<br />
MKHULUNKOSI<br />
truWAWAWA<br />
KULWAMBA<br />
SIDWABASELlJTRJU<br />
NKOSl1<br />
NGWANE 1<br />
CEBISA<br />
DLAMINI 1 (Lapha kuphuma bonkhe boDlamini baseNatali kanye<br />
nemaHlubi)<br />
SIHUBHU<br />
NKABINGWE<br />
MBODLO<br />
MSWATI 1<br />
SIKHULUMALOYO<br />
MSIMUDZE<br />
ZAMUKETHI<br />
NKHOMOKABAYO<br />
NKOSI 2 (Lapha kuphuma baka Mkhize nebakaGumedze<br />
waseButhonga)<br />
92
MAVUSO<br />
LUDONGA (lapha kuphuma<br />
nebakaNdwandwe)<br />
HLUBI<br />
DLAMINI2<br />
NGWANE2<br />
NDVUNGUNYA<br />
SOBHUZA<br />
SOBHUZA 1 (NGWANE 3)<br />
MSWATI2<br />
LUDONGA2<br />
MBANDZENI (DLAMINI 3)<br />
BHUNU (NGWANE 4)<br />
BHUZA (SOBHUZA 2)<br />
MAKHOSETIVE (MSWATI 3)<br />
5.3 <strong>LUCWANINGO</strong> LWAMATSEBULA<br />
bakaShabalala,<br />
Mabuza<br />
Matsebula (1972: 18) ulandzelanisa emakhosi eMaswati kanje:<br />
Dlamini I<br />
MswatiI<br />
Ngwane II<br />
Dlamini II<br />
Nkosi II<br />
Mavuso I<br />
Ludvonga I<br />
Dlaminiill<br />
Ngwaneill<br />
Ndvungunye<br />
Sobhuza I / Ngwane N<br />
Mswati II / Mavuso II<br />
Dlamini N / Mahlokohla<br />
Sobhuza II<br />
Mswati ill<br />
Khumalo (1995) naMatsebula (1972) basinikete lusendvo Iwebukhosi besive seMaswati<br />
njengekucwaninga kwabo. Kutsiwa kaNgomane bekutsi nakuhaywa emakhosi akhona<br />
kwakucalwa noma kugdnwe ngetibongo temakhosi eMaswati ikakhulu lawa<br />
lalandzelako:<br />
93
Sobhuza weMaswati,<br />
Sifuba sinengceke sinemanti,<br />
Bhuza kuletindze,<br />
Masibekela<br />
Imiti lemincane angayisibekela.<br />
(Sobhuza I & II)<br />
Mswati lomnyama kwabalutfuli,<br />
Mgobo waMphondvo<br />
Kawungen' esigujini<br />
Mngen' emagabelwen' etinyatsi.<br />
Lots' atihlaba abetifak' umgobo,<br />
Lots' atidla watidla kaMabhoko.<br />
(Mswati IT)<br />
Madeya waNdaba!<br />
Lowadey' inkab' inetimphondvo,<br />
Wayewutseng, emandanda.<br />
Uhhawuhhawu litinkondlo yakalozijiba<br />
Labatsi beyisina babeyigobel' emadvolo.<br />
(Mbandzeni)<br />
Mahlokohla londzatja ngenstamo,<br />
Lohlokohle timbiba taphuma<br />
Tenta buhlakalala,<br />
Taye tabanjwa ngudalad' esangemi<br />
KaZombodze wemagugu.<br />
(Bhunu/Mahlokohla)<br />
5.4 BUKHOSI BAKADLAMINI NEBAKANGOMANE<br />
DLAMlNI<br />
NGOMANE<br />
~ Sobhuza I ~ NgomaneI<br />
~ MswatiIT ~ Mfufana<br />
~ Mbandzeni ~ Mjejane / Hhoyi<br />
~ Mahlokohla ~ Ntiyi IT / Nkapane<br />
~ Sobhuza IT<br />
Budlelwano bebukhona kulamakhosi lakhonjiswe ngenhla fitsi aphila cishe esikhatsini<br />
lesifananako lapho kwakulwelwa loku lokulandzeJako:<br />
~ Tindzawo tekuhlala nemadlelo<br />
94
~ Imfuyo lenyenti<br />
~ Kwandzisa sive sibe sikhulu, nemandla nemakhono ekwenta<br />
tintfo.<br />
Kuto tonkhe tibhimbi takaDlamini, BakaNgomane bebahlala bakhona ikakhulu<br />
encwaleni. Incwala nguwoma mkhosi umkhulu kunayo yonkhe imikhoposi<br />
kulakaNgwane. lyagidvwa ayibukelwa.<br />
nalabangaphandle.<br />
khona ayayigidza.<br />
Ngwane udzikilika kuwo onkhe emagumbi elive<br />
Ingani nangesheya kwetilwandle lapho eMaswati alindlanzana<br />
Incwala kulapho inkhosi i1uma khona. Akudliwa lokulikwindla inkhosi ingakalumi.<br />
Lemncala leseyigindvwa seyaba siNguni kusukela kuMsati II inkhosi. Ngenca yekutsi<br />
inkhosi Mswati II wabekwa kubanga bomnakabo, iNdlowkazi Tsandzile tabona kufanele<br />
kutsi iye kaZwide iyocela lusito Iwekudnisa uMntfwana. Kwasekukhwa<br />
bantfwabaMkhatjwa Ndwandwe kutsi batewuphatsa lomsebenti. Ngiko nje lendzawo<br />
lebabekwa kuyo kutsiwa kuseLwandle.<br />
Inetigaba tayo incwala kantsi fitsi kunemisimeto letsite lefanele yentiwe leyendwlela<br />
incwala.<br />
Ingetfwasa Inyanga yebemanti, inyeti nayisemnyameni, kuhlatwa inkhomo yabo. lyacal<br />
iyaphuma emnyameni bayaphuma. Basikhishwa khona emphakatsi kabonkhosi<br />
lebusako.<br />
Banetigaba tabo nabo bemanti ngoba ntindlela tabo atifani. Kunalabalandza Iwandle<br />
kulakaGasa. Kunalabalandza imifula lemikhulu enhla nelive. UMgwenya (Crocodile),<br />
11Isaba (sabie River) kanye neLubhalule (Oliphants River) bese kuba nalababhula<br />
lihlandze bafuna luseIwa.<br />
lyahamba njalo inyanga nabo bayahamba. Bangefika ingakefiki yona bayayimela kepha<br />
yona ayibemeli. Naayiphuma emnyameni bayawakha babuye bonkhe bemele lesinye<br />
sikhatsi nase isemnyameni besekungena incwala lencane.<br />
95
Ingakangeni lencane kubonakala njemajaha agace emashoba etindleleni, emabhasini,<br />
etimitweni, emalolini kutsi incwala ifikile. Kusukela baphuma bemanti inkhosi ingena<br />
endlini lapho sseyifukamele yona incwala. NgeSiswati nase isendlini inkhosi imisebenti<br />
lebhekene nave njengekutekwa kwenacala, kwembula ingubo kanye nekuyivuse1a.<br />
Ngenca yembuso wesilamuhla umhlaba awumi ngako-ke nenkhosi seyiyabopheka kutsi<br />
ihle ivela noma ibone labo lebabonako labete ngemsebenti.<br />
Kute lapho imnandzi khona incwala enkhosini. Buhlungu kuphela. Uyana, liyadvuma<br />
liyamanyata inkhosi isencwaleni ayilali. Incwala lencane igidvwa esibayeni liIanga Iinye<br />
rnzukwana iwlwa kuphela. Ngakusasa yenyukela enhla kwesibaya yonkhe lemiti<br />
yebukhosi.<br />
Ayegeleta emajaha netingati tawo. Iwlwa nje isenyameni inyeti sekweluswe yona<br />
kugcwala kwayo. Mzukwana incwala luyaphuma lusekwane.<br />
Kuhlukahlukana kugcwala kwenyanga. Kuya ngekukhula kwenkhosi. Itsi nje lapho<br />
nayitewungcwala njengakusasa lube luphuma namuhla. Kantsi nangabe inkhosi<br />
seyingene ebudvodzeni lusekwane luphuma rnzukwana itsi yilili. Ngangabe inkhosi<br />
seyikhulile luphuma seyingewele yaze yadlavuteka. Inebanikati noma baphatsi bayo<br />
incwala. Kunetibongo letingasalinjalo emisemetweni yencwala ngoba banemisebenti<br />
lengeke noma lokungafanele yentiwe nguletiye tibongo. Natike letibongo: Matsebula,<br />
Motsa, Mkhatjwa, Khumalo, Shiba naMabuza. Akusiyo injongo kusho kutsi tentani<br />
letibongo ngoba ngoba ngulinye lematfuba lenta incwala ibe ngulelengiko.<br />
L.encane incwala yendvulela lenkhulu lecala rnzukwana kuphuma lusekwane. Kuvilita<br />
emehlo rnzukwana kuphuma lusekwane. Tingatja tishuca embili ngeticheme tato<br />
nemabutfo alandzele ngeticheme tawo.<br />
96
Ulukhuni umshuco welusekwane ngoba tingatja titsakasile letiney tiguna kwehlulwkisa<br />
bontsanga ngako-ke akushucwa kunjenetinkhomo tishoshela emabheleni. Esikhaleni<br />
kushaywa umkhumbi ngeticheme njengalokwetayelekile. Inkholapho seyibita indvuna<br />
yemabutfo iyinike imvume yekucala incwala. Ingoma yelusekwane ivulwa ivalwe<br />
njengayo incwala. Mzukwana ivulwa lengoma kuhokoma Iihlandze lonkhe, tigodzi<br />
tonkhe nemiti yonkhe yakaNgwane. Ihlatjelwa ngulabadvuna nalabasikati, labadzala<br />
nalabancane.<br />
Akulalwa amajaheni elusekwane kantsi nenkhosi ayilali. Kuhanjwa busuku bonkhe.<br />
Lapho alala khona emajaha elusekwane umuntfu ubona ngemakloba emililo ngoba<br />
akunangubo kuyotsiwa, kosiwe, kudliwe tingcamu. Lomunye umniningwane<br />
lowendvulela incwala lenkhulu kukhiwa emacembe kuphicwe inhlambelo nekubamba<br />
inkunzi. Mzukwana wencwala lenkhulu kuyaphitseitela. TlVakashi ngaphandle<br />
nemabutfo etihoncweni kuyaphitsitela. Babodvwa labaphotsela emahiya abo;<br />
babodvwa labaklama tigeja tabo; babodvwa labacola tinyoni tabo, emasakabuli,<br />
bagubhe emagwalagwala nemagomba lambalabala. Akukhulunywa ngemidada.<br />
Kungamenyetelwa kukhala emadlongo kuto tonkhe tihonco avive emabutfo kuvuke<br />
lusinga. Onkhe emajaha asaswace acedzile. Kungangenwa esibayeni kugujwa yonkhe<br />
imigubho yemakhosi. Ayimnandzi lemigubho, ivusa tinsizi tayitolo netakutsanti. Bekatsi<br />
asemphini emajaha kufike tincwadzi letinye tibika ngebuhlungu lobenteke ekhaya.<br />
Lokunye lokufike kumangalise labanyenti kantsi kuneligcabho emajaheni kubamba<br />
inkunzi. Loyibambile uba silomo sawonkhe Iowa mnyaka kantsi akukhohlwakali ngisho<br />
asamdzala. Ayibanjwa ngemsila, ayibanjwa ngentsambo, ibanjwa ngetandla.<br />
Akamadze emaJanga encwala: kuphuma lusekwane, kuyasa luyacitfwa noma<br />
luyalahlwa, khona ngalelo langa kukhiwa emacembe, kuyasa kUbanjwa inkunzi, kuyasa<br />
incwala.<br />
97
Itsi nase itawujubeka bese kuwka lobinye buhlungu lapho Ngwane adzabuka ekhatsi.<br />
Yenyukela enhla asahamba Emalangeni nenkhosi. AJisangdngd alisabubuli Iibutfo<br />
sewungatsi ngulelikhulu libulo letinyosi! Emva kwayo yonkhe leleminye imininingwane<br />
inkhosi ihlala elukhandzeni Iwenyatsi. Onkhe emabutfo engce emahawu asetulu.<br />
lyavalwa-ke incwala ngalelo langa kepha ayikajutjwa. Incwala ijubeka emva<br />
kwekuhlakula Imfabantfu nalamanye emasimu ebukhosi.<br />
Mzukwana ijutjwa inkhosi ibeka inkhulumo lemcoka eveni. lbala lokuhle lokwentekile,<br />
lokubi, nalokutifiso tayo netesive kutsi kwenteke. Ibuye futsi ifisele sonkhe sive mane<br />
kubonanwe kubonanwe kuletako incwala. Ingacedza lapho ibambisa emajaha tinkunzi<br />
tihlatjwe, kosiwe, kudliwe, kubuswe.<br />
5.5 BENGUNI BASEMBO<br />
Sive sakaNgomane ngebaNguni baseMbo. Singaphansi kwesigaba lesikhulu<br />
unato tonkhe ngobe sifaka ekhatsi tonkhe tobongo teMaswati naletinye<br />
letinyenti Kazulu. Khumalo (1995:4) uchaza ngebantfu baseMbo atsi:<br />
...uma bekhuluma iningi labo Iithambisa ulimi lutekele noma sithi<br />
bayatekela lokhu sikubona noma sikuzwa kakhulu kumaSwazi.<br />
Imphilo yebantfu bakaNgomane iveta kutsi sive lesihlobene kakhulu neMaswati.<br />
Sidzabuka ndzwonye nalatinye tivana letagdna tihlangene kwakheka sive sinye<br />
seMaswati. Emasiko, inchubo nelulwimi lwebakaNgomane kokhe kugcamisa kutsi<br />
bangeMaswati. BakaNgomane babutselwa ndzawonye naletinye tibongo tebaMbo<br />
letilandzelako: Dlamini, Mabuza, Shabalala, Mawso, Mlangeni, Ngwane, Matsebula,<br />
ifwala, Shongwe, Mkhwatjwa,naletinye letinyenti.<br />
Sive sakaNgomane asimange sigudluke enchubeni yemakhosi eMaswati, kepha<br />
sakhombisa kubambisana nawo kusukela enkhosini Dlamini I lobuye atiwe ngekutsi<br />
nguMatalatala, futsi lekucatjangelwa kusti nguye lowahola. EMaswatini agdne<br />
98
afinyelele kulendzawo kuyo.<br />
Kuyacaca kutsi Dlamini I abehola sigatjana lesasingaphasi<br />
kwesiqaba lesikhulu lesichazwa nguKhumalo (1995: 42 - 43) kanje:<br />
Uma sikhuluma ngabenguuni baseMbo sikhuluma ngesizukulwane<br />
sikaMumbo indoda okuthiwa yasuka enhla nezwe yalibangisa<br />
ngasendaweni esibizwa manje ngokuthi kuseMozambild... kodwa<br />
kabazinzanga raphe babuye baduka baze bayofika eduze nezintabe<br />
zoBombo, bathiya ngornfula Uphongolo lapha kwabakhona enkula<br />
enkulu inhlukaso.<br />
5.6. IMISEBENTI YASOBHUZA I<br />
Inkhosi leyacala kuhlanganisa sive seMaswati ngekutsi ibambisane naletinye tive<br />
letikhulu naletincane nguSobhuza I. Tive letabambisana na50bhuza I nchanti<br />
ekwakhiweni kwesive seMaswati betiholwa ngulaba labalandclzelako lokwagcina<br />
kutibongo: Mhlanga, Madvonsela, Mavuso, Fakuclze, Hlophe, Mabuza, Simelane,<br />
Matsebula, Tfwala, Ngwenya, Sihlongonyane, Nkhonyane naManana. Sobhuza I wafike<br />
wakhandza bakaMaseko njengobe kuchaza Matsebula (1972:21) atsi:<br />
Here Sobhuza found the Maseko tribe, which lived<br />
under their leader Cece, son of Khubonye, son of<br />
Magadlea, who qUickly submitted to his authority<br />
without any resistance.<br />
Kubambisana kwa50bhuza I nebakaMaseko kwaba kuhle kakhulu. Ngemuva<br />
kwebakaMaaseko wakha buhlobo nebakaMnisi njengobe kuchaza Matsebula (1972:21)<br />
atsi:<br />
... the Mnisi under their local headman Njinjii, son of<br />
Mantjolo, who lived near where the town of Mbabane<br />
stands (these were the subjects of a distant chief upper<br />
komati river near Dlomodlomo Hills)<br />
99
Buhlobo baSobhuza bachubekela embili ngobe wagcina abuhlanganisile nebakaMnisi<br />
esigodlweni sabo lobusemagcumeni eDlomodlomo. BakaMnisi bantti bebanemakhono<br />
lamanyenti ekusebentisa imitsi loko kwabenta batsandzeka enkhosini Sobhuza 1.<br />
Sobhuza I wakwabi kwacha budlelwano native letinclzelako: A tive tasenyakatfo,<br />
Shabalala, Ngomane, Maziya, Mahlalela, Shogwe, Mdluli nesakaMkhatjwa.<br />
B. T1VE TASENSHONALANGA<br />
Gama, Shabalala, Nhlapho, Mashinini, Tsaabetse, Khumalo naletinye.<br />
C. T1VE TASEMPHUMALANGA<br />
Mngomezulu, Nyawo, Matsenjwa, Mbhamali, Zikhali naletinye.<br />
D. T1VE TASENINGmMU<br />
Simelane, Hlatjwako, Mavuso, Tfwala, Madvonsela naletinye.<br />
l..okukhonjiswe ngenhla kusiniketa umfanekiso lolandzelako:<br />
~<br />
~bhuza ~<br />
Uma sikhuluma ngetive taseNyakatfo sikhuluma ngaleto tive letakhe enyakatfo yelive<br />
leMaswati kuletinclzawo letilanclzelako: Hazyview, Ngodini, Whiteriver, Shongwe,<br />
Emjejane naseNkomsazi. Iningizimu itsintsa iNshiselweni IUPhongolo, iMagudu<br />
neSimdlangentja. Impumalanga itsintsa indzawo yakaMhlbuyalingana, iNgweclze<br />
neNgwavuma naletinye. Inshonalanga ifaka ikhatsi iNgwempisi, iPiet Retief, i-Emelo,<br />
iNkhulungwane, iMpuluzi, kaShabalala naletinye.<br />
100
5.7. <strong>LUCWANINGO</strong> LWAKUPER<br />
Kuper (1974:233 usineketa tibongo tetive letahlangana uma kwakhiwa sive seMaswati.<br />
Letive nguleti letilandzelako:<br />
It. TENDZABUKO<br />
Dlamini<br />
Ginindza<br />
Mamba<br />
Magongo<br />
Mhlanga<br />
Madvonsela<br />
Mavuso<br />
Fakude<br />
Hlophe<br />
Mndzebele<br />
Matsebula<br />
Mkhabela<br />
Lulale<br />
Motsa<br />
Tfwala<br />
Manana<br />
Lukhele<br />
Mdluli<br />
Nkhonyane<br />
Shiba<br />
Mkhwanati<br />
Ngcampalala<br />
Shongwe<br />
Matse<br />
Kunene<br />
Gamedze<br />
Tsabetse<br />
Ndzimandze<br />
Bembe<br />
Ntjalintjali<br />
Sukati<br />
Zwane<br />
B. EMAKHANDZAMBIU<br />
Gama<br />
Mnisi<br />
Magagula<br />
Maphosa<br />
Maziya<br />
ShabalaJa<br />
Maseko<br />
Gwebu<br />
Khubonye<br />
Shabangu<br />
c.<br />
EMAFIKAMUVA<br />
101
L Emafikamuva - Besutfu<br />
Nkhambule<br />
Nhlengetfwa<br />
Matfunjwa<br />
D. Emafikamuva - Benguni<br />
Mkhatjwa<br />
Zikhali<br />
Nxumalo<br />
Biyela<br />
Mtsetfwa<br />
Msimango<br />
Nzima<br />
Mayisela<br />
Dladla<br />
Sibeko<br />
Hlatjwako<br />
Sifundza<br />
Dvuba<br />
Vilakazi<br />
Nsibandze<br />
Nsingwane<br />
Mngomezulu<br />
Tfomo<br />
Mabasa<br />
Nyoni<br />
Mbhamali<br />
Masilela<br />
Masuku<br />
Nkhala<br />
Tsela<br />
Mabila<br />
Mwbu<br />
Mgidzi<br />
BakaNgomane bangemakhandzambili. Lako kuveta yindlela Sobhuza I lahlangane<br />
ngayo naMfufane, lefananako naleyo lahlangana ngayo naeece Maseko, bakaMnisi,<br />
bakaGama nalabanye.<br />
5.8. KUHLOBANA ETIBONGWENI TEMASWATI<br />
Kuhlobana etibongweni teMaswati kugcama kakhulu etinanatelweni. TInanatelo<br />
tikhombisa buhlobo lobudzala lobungatiwa kutsi bacala nini, kepha lobuyawuhlela<br />
bunjalo ingunaphakadze.<br />
102
Nkosi (1992:35) uveta lombono lolandzelako ngetinanatelo:<br />
Tinanatelo tingemagama ebantfu latsite. Tingemagama lakhombisa<br />
kwenaba nekukhula kwesendvo. Ugama lekucala latiwa ngekutsi,<br />
sibongo. Ugama lesibili kuba sinanatelo. Tinanatelo tikhombisa<br />
kutalana kwebantfu, kusukela kubokhokho babokhokho ukze<br />
kufinyelelwe esitukulwaneni. Kunanatela loku kwehlukene<br />
ngebantfu besive sinye, ngetive telehlukene nangetindzawo<br />
labakhe kuto. Ase sibuke sibongo saTfwala! 'Shivakati! Etigodzini<br />
teUgwa neLusutfu batsi, Tfwala! Mnyamandze! Ngesheya<br />
kweluPhongolo batsi, Tfwala! Nyembe! Ngato tonkhe leti<br />
tinanatelo, kuloku kunanatelwa umuntfu wakaTfwala,<br />
wakaMalindzisa, lowalindzisa dzadzewabo watsi angiyidli ingati.<br />
Lubisi (1993: 23) uchaza tinanatelo kanje:<br />
Tinanatelo tiluhlobo Iwetibongo. Tinanatelo tibongo tesibili letinemlandvo lojulile.<br />
Umlandvo ubonakala lapho kunanatelwa bakaKunene kutsiwa:<br />
Madvonsela!<br />
Mntimandze!<br />
Nine baseSwatini,<br />
Nine bakaMalambule<br />
Lekwatsi Malambule abanga naMswati, Natsi: ~Malambule<br />
Kuvela buhlobo nebudlelwano ekhatsi kubakaMadvonsela, Mntimandze, Malambule<br />
nalabanye. Umlandvo uvela ekutsini bakaKunene bahambisana naMalambule<br />
embili!<br />
ngesikhatsi acabene nemnakabo lomncane Mswati II kubangwa tinkhomo. Tinanatelo<br />
tigcamisa buhlobo.<br />
Nkosi (1992: 37 - 38) usiniketa luhla lolulandzelako:<br />
103
nnanatelo letifananako<br />
~ Shongwe<br />
Mtimandze; Bhambolunye<br />
}<br />
~ Ngwenya<br />
~ Zinyane<br />
}<br />
~ Vilakati Mphephetse<br />
~ Mkhaliphi<br />
~<br />
M~}<br />
~ Simelane Nabonkhosi<br />
~ Mndzebele<br />
~ Mabuza<br />
} Mshengu<br />
~ Shabalala<br />
~ Tfwala<br />
Mnyamandze waSiwela<br />
}<br />
~ Malindziza<br />
}<br />
~ Ginindza Mamba<br />
~ Gule<br />
~ Mbingo } Msutfu<br />
~ Nkhambule<br />
~ Mavimbela} Mkholo<br />
~ Matsebula<br />
~ Manana<br />
~<br />
"";""" }<br />
Mrusi<br />
~ Nkhabindze<br />
}<br />
~ Dlamini<br />
~ Magongo Nkhosi<br />
~ Mamba<br />
~<br />
-"~ }<br />
~ Madvonsela Kunene<br />
~ Gamedze<br />
104
Ngalokufananako tibongo letilandzelako: Ngomane, Malale naMpapane boMshika<br />
bonkhe labo. Budlelwano buvela etinanatelweni tabo lapho kugcama khona imvelaphi<br />
nemlandvo waletibongo.<br />
Thwala (1990:18) uchaza tinanatelo kanje:<br />
Tinanatelo luhlobo loIutsite Iwetibongo lolunemladvo. Tikhombisa<br />
buhlobo lobutsite lobukhona ekhatsi kwebantfu. Tinanatelo<br />
tigcina tingematekelo ngekuba nemlandvo lofiphele. Tenta<br />
tinhlitiyo tijabule; titintise simo; ticedze lulaka, tigcamise<br />
nemvelaphi yesive. Kuchumana kuladzeleka ngalendlela:<br />
indvodzana, uyise, mkhulu nakhokho, njalonjalo.<br />
Luhla Iwetinanatelo letimbalwa:<br />
(a)<br />
SUkati<br />
Mavundla!<br />
Msime lomnyama,<br />
Wena longawudli umvundla wangesheya<br />
Nine lenigeza ngelubisi<br />
Labanye bageza ngemanti,<br />
Tenjwako<br />
Sona,<br />
Sona sabulalwa ludziwo<br />
sabese siyadzakwa<br />
(b)<br />
Mlotjwa<br />
Guliwe!<br />
Gama!<br />
Mvula,<br />
Phonjwako<br />
Mlontjwa mncane<br />
Naasentsendzeni yasandla uyahlala,<br />
Akukho Mlotjwa loyovala ngemadvodza<br />
(c)<br />
Maseko<br />
Khubonye!<br />
Ngcamane!<br />
105
Wena wendlovu,<br />
Tinkhomo tidl' ekhaya<br />
Ngekweswela belusi,<br />
Mdandulukwane,<br />
Sidvwaba selutfuli,<br />
'Nkhomo letimbili.<br />
Wabuya nat' ekhabonyoko<br />
5.8.1 Emaswati aseMphumalanga nelive leMaswati<br />
Tibongo letingasetintsabeni telobombo edvutane nemifula iNgwedze neNgwavuma.<br />
Nati letinye tibongo letikulendzawo:<br />
Vilakati<br />
Mphephetse<br />
Wena waseNgwedze neNgwvuma,<br />
Malingakhulu waboGama<br />
Mkhosane mncane ngekutilamulela<br />
Mphephetse wetindvuku tebafo,<br />
Wean lowadla dzadzewenu,<br />
Wat's inyoka sibhebhekatana<br />
Bindzakhulu<br />
Matsenjwa<br />
Ndlovukati,<br />
Mgabadzeli<br />
Wena lowagabadzel' inkhundla yakaBulawayo,<br />
Wena longadli imbuti<br />
Wesa' umsila wave<br />
Lobhek' etulu<br />
Wena wakaLancabane,<br />
Wena longayidli inkhokhoklho.<br />
Imphumalanga yele5watini kulapho kugeletela khon imifula leminyenti lefana<br />
neMbuluzi, iNkomazi, iNgwavuma naleminye. Lobunye bukhosi lebukulwtindzawo<br />
nguJobu lobulandzelako: Matsenjwa, Nyawo, Zikhali nalobunye<br />
106
5.8.2 EMaswati Asenshonalanga Nelive LeMaswati<br />
Uve laseNkhangala. TInkhalo talelive tibekile. Indzawo lengenato tihlahla letinenti.<br />
KUgelet:a imifula Ielandzelako: Sosiphutfwane, Silobela, iMpuluzi, uMzinoni, iNgwempisi.<br />
Kulapho kucal khona iNkomazi, Ugwa neLusutfu.<br />
Nati tibongo letinye letinye letitfolakala kulendzawo:<br />
Gama<br />
Mbhokane<br />
Mbembe loluhlata,<br />
Loluhlata njengencoshane,<br />
TItfo timaciliba<br />
Sidvwaba silutfuli,<br />
Hhwabati,<br />
Maphalala,<br />
Mbhokanegama!<br />
Sibeko<br />
M azJYa.<br />
. I<br />
Gembe!<br />
Gama,<br />
Gamalamabili,<br />
Wena lowakhuluma ngenjiki,<br />
Injiki yahleka,<br />
Dvungadvung' emanti,<br />
Mcusi.<br />
Shabalala<br />
Mshengu<br />
Wena lowashabalal' wmgedzeni<br />
Emambuka alindzile,<br />
Mshengu lowashelela ngeludvonga IwaMawso<br />
Batsi uwile kantsi akakawi,<br />
Sidvwaba silutfuJi<br />
Singabancwaba seta nemlandzakakti,<br />
EMaswati aya eMbo abuyelela<br />
Kwaye kwabuta nebafokatana<br />
Batsi siboneni na?<br />
107
EMaswati latindlela timhlophe<br />
Atsi sibonile eMbo<br />
UMhlongamvula udzilikile<br />
Bukhosi lobutfolakala kulendzawo bakaShabalala, Ndlela, Mnisi nebakaDlamini<br />
baseMbhuleni.<br />
IDlaminj ~ lS/1abalal~<br />
INhlaphQ<br />
INdlel~<br />
~lplaminj<br />
Kubalukile sicaphelise kutsi bukhosi baka Shabala butfolakala etindzaweni letehlukene.<br />
Bunjengabo bakaKhumalo nebakoMnisi lobutfolakala eMaswatini nakuletinye tive.<br />
BakaMnisi bakhulu eMaswatini nasemaTsongeni.<br />
Lokuohawulekako kutsi ngesikhatsi setibhimbi letinkhulu letifanana neMmemo<br />
eMbhuleni nenewala e5watini, tonkhe letive letibalwe ngenhla kubakhona labatimele<br />
njengemaneusa kukhombisa kuhlobo, bunye nekubambisana lokwacala kadzeni<br />
kuDlamini I kwehlela kUSobhuza I njengobe kusekhona nanyalo engwenyamwni<br />
lephetse<br />
5.8.3 EmaswiIti Aseningizimu Nelive LeMaswati<br />
Yindzawo lebekile lenalemifula luPhongolo neLusutfu. lsondzelene nebukhosi<br />
bakaMtsetfwa baseMadabukela, bakaNtjangase baseMgazini nebakaSibiya. Tinyenti<br />
tibongo telikulendzawo njengaleti letilandzelako:<br />
(e)<br />
Hlatjwako<br />
Mhayise!<br />
Ngwanye!<br />
108
Mabhengeda<br />
Khobongo,<br />
cebisa<br />
Mambengedla,<br />
Gidzela kusenkhosi,<br />
Wena lowadla bantfu ngasese<br />
Wena Lowadl' emadvodza walibala,<br />
Wadla bantfu bangen's endlini<br />
Wadla bantfi bangen' emgodzini<br />
Tfwala<br />
Mnyamandze<br />
Lukhambule<br />
Mnyamandze wakalasiwela<br />
Nshivakati,<br />
Mkhonto lodvuma njengelitulu<br />
Mafuyankhabi<br />
Mshiva longenatimphondvo,<br />
Lonetimphondvo watitsatsa ekhabonina,<br />
Matalankhosi.<br />
Simelane<br />
WaNdlow,<br />
NaboNkhosi<br />
Tadl' ekhaya<br />
Ngekweswela umelusi,<br />
Ndlebana timchechewana,<br />
Mpembe waLokotfwako.<br />
Mnguni!<br />
Bantfu labahlala eningizimu yelive leMaswati lulwimi Iwabo libhicene ne5izulu.<br />
BakaSimelane bona bobuye babe nelwabo lulwimi Iwkutsiwa siMpembe, lolusondzelene<br />
kakhulu neSiswati ne5izulu.<br />
Lobunye bukhosi lobukhona kuletindzawo ngulokhu lobulandzelako:<br />
~dlangamandl~<br />
109
IDlamin!<br />
5.8.4 EMaswati Asenyakatfo Nelive LeMaswati<br />
Uve Ielisenyakatfo Iigcwele tintsaba, emawa nemihosha. Uyashisa. Uhlanze. Utsatsa<br />
yonkhe indzawo lesesifundzeni saseMpumalanga leyatiwa ngekutsi yiHlanzeni.<br />
Kulinywa kuyo timoba, emawolintji, emangoza nalokunye lokunyeti.<br />
Tinyenti tibongo letisehlanzeni nebakaNgomane njengaleti letilandzelako:<br />
Mcanco<br />
Wena lowacedza lubombo ngekuhlehletela,<br />
Ubophele lokuhle emfuntini,<br />
Wena longayikbash' imbasha,<br />
Wena lodla umjingi kuphela.<br />
Msibi<br />
Ndlondlo!<br />
Ndlondlo bashise,<br />
Mabuya,<br />
Gasa,<br />
Ngwenyama,<br />
Wena lowadla bulongo walibala,<br />
Ndlondlo leneluphaph' enhloko,<br />
Wena waNdlela lohlehl' esibayeni,<br />
Mazombe,<br />
Wena lowavel' emadvodz' esangweni<br />
Ngobe wesaba tikhali tamadvodza.<br />
Matsebula<br />
Mkholo lonsundvu<br />
Netinyawo takhe,<br />
Cotsa ngwenyama ndvuna<br />
110
Wena lowembatsa sigogo sengwenyama<br />
Lulwimi lolutfolakala lapha Siswati lesinako kubhicana kancane neSitsonga. Emasiko<br />
lasetjeswako ngeSiswati. Bukhosi lebebukulendzawo bubambisene nebakaDlamini.<br />
IDlamin!<br />
5.9 Siphetfo<br />
lokuphawulwkayo kulesehluko kutsi kunebudlelwano lobujulile esiveni sakaNgomane<br />
nesakaDlamini. Budlelwano buvetwa ngemasiko nenchubo yaletive. Buchawe<br />
nekubambisana etimphini letehlukene kugcamile kuletive letimbili.<br />
BakaNgomane bahlalisene kahle naletinye tive lebakhelene nato njengaleti: Maziya,<br />
Mahlalela, Shongwe, Mkhatjwa, Mbuyane, Shabalala, Khumalo naletinye, ngobe<br />
bahlanganiswe bunye bebuSwati lobutsintsa emasiko, imisimeto nelulwimi.<br />
Tonkhe tive teMaswati tatiwa ngekunanatela. A1ikho liSwati lelingananateli. Kunanatela<br />
kuhambisana nenhlonipho etiveni tokhe. Tinanatelo titsatsa indzima lebanti esiveni<br />
seMaswati jikelele ngobe tingemagama esibili. Tibonelo: SUkati - Mavunda; Sibenko <br />
Maziya, Lubisi - Ngceshe naletinye. Tikhombisa indzawo lekuhlala kuyo sive. Tibonelo:<br />
BakaVilakati - Wena asweNgwedze neNgwavuma. BakaMbingo - Wena lowachamuka<br />
enhla neNgwavuma. BakaMaphanga - Wena we5watini.<br />
Lokugcamako kulesehluko kutsi asikho sive lesitimele sodvwana, kepha tive tibambisene<br />
ekwakheni sive sinye seMaswati.<br />
111
SIPHETFO<br />
6.0 LUHLATlYO, LOKUTFOLAKELE, T1NCOMO KANYE NESIPHETFO<br />
6.1 S1NGENISO<br />
Lucwaningo belubukene ngco nesive sakaNgomane kutsi site sibe khona lapho sikhona<br />
nyalo nekutsi sivelaphi, besiphila kanjani. Lubuke emasiko netinanatelo telesive<br />
sakaNgomane.<br />
6.2 LUHLATlYO LWE<strong>LUCWANINGO</strong><br />
Kulolucwaningo sitfole kutsi sive sikaNgomane sivelaphi, ngobe bakhona labatsi<br />
singemaTsonga kantsi labanye batsi sachamula eMozambiki. Tindzawo letehlukene<br />
tivetiwe kulolucwaningo raphe sive sakaNgomane besihamba khona kute kutsi namuhla<br />
sitfolakale ngesheya kwemfula Inkhomazi. Ngalolucwaningo kusukela ca 1700 kute<br />
kube ngunyalo lesive sihambe tindzawo letinyenti Eswatini raphe lolucwaningo locale<br />
khona.<br />
Sikhuluma sasho nekutsi kungani lesive sakaNgomane sinemakhosi lamatsatfu nekutsi<br />
kwaya ngani lobukhosi bube butsafu. Sasho satsi kungenca yekutsi kuyovinjwa timphi<br />
nekutsi bukhosi lubukhulu ngulobakaHhoyi.<br />
Kulolucwaningo sibuye sabuka simo sembangave nekutsi emakhosi abeke<br />
ahlukumeteka ngenca yekutika kwebelumbi, babulawelwa tinmkhomo. Emakhosi<br />
lanjengabo Mpholi abanjwa ayiswa akudzingisweni. Ngalesikhatsi babatfutsa babatisa<br />
lapha eMangweni, Kamachekeza, Kahhoyi kutsi ababuse leta lababaniketa tona<br />
babekwa ngernabhunu.<br />
112
6.3 LOKUTFOlAKELE NETINCOMO<br />
Lolicwaningo lusite kubukisisa sive sakaNgomane nebudlelwano baso maletibongo<br />
nesakaBhayi Malale. Kutfolakele kutsi letibongo tokhe nobe bonkhe labanftu<br />
bakaNgomane. Ngekwelisoko batsekani ngobe banye banye banengati yakaNgomane.<br />
Kuhamba kwabo etindzaweni letinyenti bahlaselana native teBapedi, emaTsonga,<br />
emaNdebele naletinye ngobe kUbangwa emadlelo, infuyo nekuphatsa. 5ive lesalwa<br />
kakhula njengobe singamange sigwinywe nguletinye, loko lokuboniswa bukhosi<br />
lobusamile kusukela ngeminyaka yabo 1700 kuze kube manje.<br />
Lulwimi IwesiShangane lolugcamako esiveni sakaNgomane,lulwimi Iwabomake labo<br />
bebatfunjwa nakuhlaselwe tancotjwa tive. Buchawe bemakhosi akaNgomane ekulweni<br />
native letinye kwenta baba sive lesibumbene lesitfolakala etindzaweni letehlukene:<br />
e5watini, esifundzaveni iMPumalanga, eMozambiki naKazulu.<br />
Akungabatisi kutsi bakaNgomane ngeMaswati njengaletinye tive letifana neleti: Maziya,<br />
Mahlalela, Shongwe, Shabalala, Nhlapho naletinye letinyenti.<br />
Uma silandzela umlandvonchanti wetive tebaNguni, bakaNgomane bangaphansi<br />
kwesigaba sebaNguni baseMbo lapho kugcogceleke khona tokhe tibongo teMaswati.<br />
Uma silandzela umlandvo wesive eMaswati ngaphasi kwa50bhuza I kuvela kutsi<br />
bakaNgomane ngeMaswati latiwa ngekutsi ngemakhandzembili.<br />
Buve bemuntfu buvetwa yinchubo nemasiko lawalandzelako ngaleso sikhatsi<br />
nasendzaweni lahleti kuyo. Umuntfu wakaNgomane loKazulu unguMzulu, kantsi<br />
loseSwatini uliswati lutsi loseMoammbiki abeliShangene. Akusiso sibongo sakaNgomane<br />
kuphela lesitsintseka kuloku, tinyenti kakhulu. TIbonelo:Sibongo sakaDlamini<br />
113
siseNdlovuu siseMaswatini, eMandebeleni. Sibongo sakaNdlovu siseMaswatini,<br />
eMandebeleni, eMatsongeni, eMazulwini naseManyiseni.<br />
Lulwimi luya ngendzawo lewusuke ukuyo ngaleso sikhatsi. BakaNgomane<br />
labasempumalanga yelakaSikhukhuza lulwimi lwabo lubhice siTsonga, labasenyakatfo<br />
lubhice Sipedi kantsi lebaseSwatini noma ngasemnyeleni wele5watini kugcama Siswati.<br />
6.4 SIPHETFO<br />
Lolucwaningo lusiivetela ngemvelaphi,inchubo nemasiko esive sakaNgomane.<br />
Lukhombisa imihambo nekubaluleka kwelesive esifundzaveni saseMpumalanga.<br />
Lusiniketa sitfombe lesigcamile ngemachawe akaNgomane laphila, ahlabana<br />
ngemagalelo lehlukene boHhoyi, Lugedlane, Machekeza nalamanye. Lolucwaningo<br />
luyinchabhayi kulabanye bacwaningi kutsi babuke imvelaphi yaletinye tive<br />
letinemilandvo lejulile njengaleti: Mahlalela, Maziya, Shongwe, Mkhatjwa, Mbuyane,<br />
Shabalala, Matsebula naletinye.<br />
114
Kuper, H. 1947: An African Aristocracy. London: Oxford University Press<br />
Ubhayibheli<br />
1996: Cape Town: Inhlangano YeUbhayibheli YaseNingizimu<br />
Lubisi, P.M. 1993: Utfunga: Cape Town: Maskew Miller Longman<br />
Lubisi, P.M. 2002: Kubuka Ngeliso Lelibanti Ugalelo Lemasiko Nenkholo<br />
Yebantfu Ekutalweni Kabusha Kwe-Afrika Kubukwe Ngco Sive 5eMswati.<br />
Lwacingo lolungekashicilelwa Iweticu te-PhD, Kwadlangezwa: Inyuvesi<br />
YaKazulu.<br />
Mahlalela, S.S. nalabanye 1994: Siswati Semasisweni Ubanga 8.<br />
Pretoria: Via Africa<br />
Matsebula, J.5.M. 1972: A History of Swaziland. London: Longman<br />
Nkosi, D.E. 1992:<br />
Umfuso: Cape Town: Oxford University Press<br />
Simelane, S.Z. naThwala, J,J. 1991: Umsinsi. Cape Town: Juta Publishers<br />
Radcliffe-Brown naForde, D. 1975: African System of Kinship and<br />
Marriage. London: Oxford University Press.<br />
Sowetan: Monday, October 7 2002, Ukhasi 5<br />
Thwala, JJ. 2002: Lucwaningo Ngetibongo Temakhosi EMaswati: Sobhuza<br />
I-Sobhuza H. Lucwaningo lolungakashici lelwe Iweticu<br />
te-MA KwaDlangezwa: Inyuvesi YaKazulu.<br />
Thwala J.J. 1990: Umkhunsu. Pretoria: Aktua Press.<br />
116
TINCWADZI LETlSETlENnSIWE<br />
Abrams, H.M (1981): A Glossary of uteracy Terms. New york: Holt,<br />
Rinegart naWinston.<br />
Bhiya, O.A (1990) : Impalampala 3. Pretoria: De jager Haum<br />
Publishers.<br />
Bible Society of South Afrika (1978): The Holy Bible.Revised Standard<br />
Version.<br />
Cope, T. (1968): Izibongo: Zulu Praise Poems. London: OXford<br />
University Press.<br />
Cuddon J.A (1984): A Dictionary of uteracy Terms<br />
Harmondsworth: Penguin Books<br />
Dube, I.S. Religious Education- Manzini: Macmillan Publishers<br />
Fowler, F.Wand F.G (1978): Consice OXford Dictionary. OXford: Oaredon Press.<br />
Guma, S.M. (1986): The Form Content and Technique of Traditional<br />
uterature in Southern Sotho. Pretoria: J.L van<br />
SChalk<br />
Kermod, F and Hollander, J. 1973: The OXford Anthology & English<br />
uterature. London: OXford University Press<br />
Khumalo, R. 1995: Uphoko Umqulu 1. Pietermaritzburg: Reach Out<br />
Publishers<br />
liS
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