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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15 ë³òåðàòóðíèõ òâîð³â, à îñîáëèâî — ô³ëüì³â. ßê íåçãðàáíî çâó÷àòü ³íîä³ ðåêëàìí³ îãîëîøåííÿ ïî ðàä³î é òåëåáà÷åííþ! Íà òåëåêàíàëàõ ìàëî ôàõ³âö³â, ùî äîñêîíàëî âîëîä³þòü óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ, íàâ³òü â àâòîðñüêèõ ïðîåêòàõ. Ïîãàíå çíàííÿ ìîâè, ÿêîþ éäå ïåðåäà÷à, ¿¿ ïðîñòî êàë³÷èòü, ðîáèòü ç íå¿ ïîñì³õîâèñüêî. Ñåðåä “íèçüêèõ” ðèñ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè ðåñïîíäåíòè â³äçíà÷àëè òå, ùî öå ìîâà øê³ëüíî¿ ê³ìíàòè, àóäèòîð³¿, ÿêà çâó÷èòü íà óðîêàõ òà ëåêö³ÿõ, à çà ¿õ ìåæ³ íàâðÿä ÷è çìîæå ðîçïîâñþäèòèñü. Íà öå æ óêàçóº é Ëàäà Á³ëàíþê: “Ñèòóàö³ÿ, ùî óêðà¿íñüêà ìîâà ñòàíå ìîâîþ ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ó äâîð³, íà ïåðåðâ³, º ñêîð³ø çà âñå íåðåàëüíîþ” [8: 67]. Ïðîãíîçè íà ìàéáóòíº óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè, ùî äàº ìîëîäü, — òåæ íåâò³øí³. ßêùî ç òåçîþ “²ç ïîêîë³ííÿ â ïîêîë³ííÿ âñå á³ëüøå é á³ëüøå îäåñèò³â áóäå ðîçìîâëÿòè óêðà¿íñüêîþ” ïîãîäæóºòüñÿ 33 % ðåñïîíäåíò³â, òî ÷èñòîòà ìîâè íåïîêî¿òü íàñ íàä óñå. “²ç ïîêîë³ííÿ â ïîêîë³ííÿ îäåñèòè áóäóòü âñå êðàùå é êðàùå ðîçìîâëÿòè óêðà¿íñüêîþ” — ç ö³ºþ òåçîþ íå çãîäí³ 9,3 %. Àäæå 7,7 % íàçâàëè ñóðæèê ñâîºþ ð³äíîþ ìîâîþ, ç äðóçÿìè ³ âäîìà íèì ïîñëóãîâóºòüñÿ â³äïîâ³äíî 6,3 % òà 10,1 % ìîëîä³, à 40,9 % ââàæàº éîãî êîðèñíèì, òîìó ùî â³í ïîëåãøóº ñï³ëêóâàííÿ ì³æ ëþäüìè â Óêðà¿í³. Îòæå, ìîëîäü êîæíîãî äíÿ ³ õâèëèíè âèáèðàº äëÿ ñåáå òó ìîâó ñï³ëêóâàííÿ, ùî áóäå íàéá³ëüø àäåêâàòíîþ â äàí³é êîíêðåòí³é ñèòóàö³¿. À ñèòóàö³ÿ õàðàêòåðèçóºòüñÿ ñëàáê³ñòþ àáî ³ âçàãàë³ â³äñóòí³ñòþ çíà÷íîãî óêðà¿íîìîâíîãî ñåðåäîâèùà, íå êàæó÷è âæå ïðî éîãî äîì³íóâàííÿ. ² òóò ó ñèëó âñòóïàº çàêîí ñîö³àë³çàö³¿: “Æîäíà ç îñ³á íå ìîæå ³çîëþâàòèñÿ â³ä ðåàêö³¿ íà íå¿ íàâêîëèøí³õ îñ³á, ÿêà âïëèâàº íà ¿¿ ïîâåä³íêó òà âèäîçì³íþº îñòàííþ íà âñ³õ ñòàä³ÿõ æèòòºâîãî öèêëó” [3]. Îòæå, ä³ÿ öüîãî çàêîíó ïðèçâîäèòü äî áðàêó ìîâíî¿ ñò³éêîñò³, íåñïðîìîæíîñò³ çáåð³ãàòè ñâ³é ìîâíèé ñòàòóñ. À â³ä òîãî, ÿêó ìîâó âèáèðàº íàøà ìîëîäü, çàëåæèòü ó çíà÷í³é ì³ð³, ÿêîþ ìîâîþ áóäå ðîçìîâëÿòè Îäåñà é çàãàëîì Óêðà¿íà â ìàéáóòíüîìó. 1. Áàðä³íà Í. Â. Êîãí³òèâíèé ï³äõ³ä äî âèçíà÷åííÿ ïîíÿòòÿ “ð³äíà ìîâà” // Ãðîìàäÿíñüêèé ïàòð³îòèçì ³ ïðîáëåìè âèêëàäàííÿ óêðà¿í³ñòèêè ó âóçàõ Îäåùèíè: Ìàòåð³àëè íàóêîâî-ïðàêòè÷íî¿ êîíôåðåíö³¿. — Îäåñà, 2000. — Ñ. 15–20. 2. Áåëèêîâ Â. È., Êðûñèí Ë. Ï. Ñîöèîëèíãâèñòèêà. — Ì., 2001. 3. Çàë³çíÿê Ã., Ìàñåíêî Ë. Ìîâíà ñèòóàö³ÿ Êèºâà: äåíü ñüîãîäí³øí³é òà ïðèéäåøí³é. — Ê., 2001. 4. ²âàíèøèí Â., Ðàäåâè÷-Âèííèöüêèé ß. Ìîâà ³ íàö³ÿ. — Äðîãîáè÷, 1994. 5. Êî÷åðãàí Ì. Ï. Çàãàëüíå ìîâîçíàâñòâî: Ï³äð. äëÿ ñòóä. ô³ëîë. ñïåö. âèùèõ çàêëàä³â îñâ³òè. — Ê., 1999. 6. Ìàñåíêî Ë. Ò. Ìîâà ³ ñóñï³ëüñòâî: Ïîñòêîëîí³àëüíèé âèì³ð. — Ê., 2004. 7. Bernsand N. Surzhyk and National Identity in Ukrainian Nationalist Language Ideology // Berliner Osteuropa Forum, 2001. — P. 38–47. http://www.oei.fu-berlin.de/media/publikationen/boi/boi_17/11_bernsand.pdf 8. Bilaniuk Lada. Contested Tongues. Language Politics and Cultural Correction in Ukraine. — New York: Cornell University Press, 2005. 9. Polese A., Wylegala A. Sprache und Identität: Reflexionen aus Odessa und Lwiw // Ukraine — Analyse, 2008. — ¹ 49. — P.13–17. http://www.laender-analysen.de/ukraine/pdf/UkraineAnalysen49.pdf 10. http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/nationality/ 11. http://www.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/ Ã. Å. Ïðèñîâñêàÿ, Ñ. Øëåãåëü ÀÍÀËÈÇ ÑÎÖÈÎËÈÍÃÂÈÑÒÈ×ÅÑÊÎÃÎ ÈÑÑËÅÄÎÂÀÍÈß ßÇÛÊÎÂÎÉ ÑÈÒÓÀÖÈÈ Â ÎÄÅÑÑÅ Ñòàòüÿ ïîñâÿùåíà ïðîáëåìå èçó÷åíèÿ ýòíîëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîé èäåíòèôèêàöèè. Îíà ÿâëÿåòñÿ ðåçóëüòàòîì ñîöèîëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîãî àíêåòèðîâàíèÿ ñòóäåíòîâ Îäåññû. Â íåé ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ âîïðîñû íàöèîíàëüíîé è ÿçûêîâîé ïðèíàäëåæíîñòè, ôóíêöèîíàëüíîãî èñïîëüçîâàíèÿ óêðàèíñêîãî è ðóññêîãî ÿçûêîâ, à òàêæå îòíîøåíèå ðåñïîíäåíòîâ ê óêðàèíñêîìó ÿçûêó è ñóðæèêó; ïðîãíîçèðóåòñÿ ÿçûêîâàÿ ñèòóàöèÿ â Îäåññå â áóäóùåì. Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: óêðàèíñêèé è ðóññêèé ÿçûêè, ñóðæèê, ñîöèîëèíãâèñòèêà, ýòíîëèíãâèñòè÷åñêàÿ èäåíòèôèêàöèÿ, ðîäíîé ÿçûê. 32
ÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÇÀÃÀËÜÍÎÃÎ ÌÎÂÎÇÍÀÂÑÒÂÀ ² ÑÎÖ²ÎË²ÍÃÂ²ÑÒÈÊÈ G. E. Prisovska, S. Shlegel ANALYSIS OF SOCIOLINGUISTIC RESEARCH OF LANGUAGE SITUATION IN ODESSA The article is devoted to the problem of ethnolinguistic identification. It is the result of Odessa students’ sociolinguistic questionnaire design. It deals with the national and linguistic belongings, functional use of the Ukrainian and Russian languages and attitude of the respondents to Ukrainian and surzhik. Linguistic situation in future is forecasted in Odessa. Key words: Ukrainian, Russian, surzhik, sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistic identification, the native language. 33
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