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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15 10. Ùóêèí À. Ì. Îáó÷åíèå èíîñòðàííûì ÿçûêàì. — Ì., 2004. 11. Dziewanowska D. Aspektowo-kompleksowe nauczanie akcentuacji na studiach rusycystycznych. — Kraków, 2005. 12. Komorowska H. Nauczanie gramatyki jêzyka obcego a interferencja. — Warszawa, 1980. 13. Markunas A. Wybrane zagadnienia dydaktyki jêzyka kierunkowego na neofilologii. — Poznañ, 1993. 14. Marton W. Dydaktyka jêzyka obcego w szkole œredniej. — Warszawa, 1978. 15. Szulc A. S³ownik dydaktyki jêzyków obcych. — Warszawa, 1997. 16. WoŸniewicz W. Kierowanie procesem glottodydaktycznym. — Warszawa, 1987. D. Tanas THE ASPECT-COMPLEX SHAPING OF LINGUAL COMPETENCE OF POLISH STUDENTS-PHILOLOGISTS The article is about problems in shaping the linguistic competence of polish students-philologists considering the aspect-complex approach. The impartial regularities of learning foreign language and methods of mastering of the literary standards of the Russian language are being discussed. Key words: lingual competence, aspect-complex approach, linguistic science theory, speech. Ä. Òàíàñü ÀÑÏÅÊÒÍÎ-ÊÎÌÏËÅÊÑÍÅ ÔÎÐÌÓÂÀÍÍß ÌÎÂÍÎ¯ ÊÎÌÏÅÒÅÍÖ²¯ ÏÐÈ ÍÀÂ×ÀÍÍ² ÏÎËÜÑÜÊÈÕ ÑÒÓÄÅÍÒ²Â-ÐÓÑÈÑÒ²Â Ñòàòòþ ïðèñâÿ÷åíî ïðîáëåì³ ôîðìóâàííÿ ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íî¿ êîìïåòåíö³¿ ïîëüñüêèõ ñòóäåíò³â-ðóñèñò³â ç óðàõóâàííÿì àñïåêòíî-êîìïëåêñíîãî ï³äõîäó â íàâ÷àíí³ ³íîçåìíèì ìîâàì. Ðîçêðèâàþòüñÿ îñíîâí³ ïîëîæåííÿ àñïåêòíî-êîìïëåêñíîãî ï³äõîäó ó âèêëàäàíí³ ìîâ, âêàçàíî çàêîíîì³ðíîñò³ çàñâîºííÿ áëèçüêîñïîð³äíåíîãî êîäó êîìóí³êàö³¿, ïðîïîíóþòüñÿ äèäàêòè÷í³ çàñîáè, ÿê³ ñïðèÿþòü îâîëîä³ííþ íîðìàìè ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ë³òåðàòóðíî¿ ìîâè. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ìîâíà êîìïåòåíö³ÿ, àñïåêòíî-êîìïëåêñíèé ï³äõ³ä, ë³íãâ³ñòè÷íà òåîð³ÿ, ìîâëåííºâà ä³ÿëüí³ñòü. ÓÄÊ [811.161.2+811.163.2+811.161.1]’93:376.68 Í. ß. Êóïðàòà, Â. Ï. Íîãàé Óêðà¿íñüêî-áîëãàðñüêî-ðîñ³éñüêèé ïîë³ëîã ïðè âèâ÷åíí³ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè ÿê ³íîçåìíî¿ Ó ñòàòò³ íà ëåêñèêî-ãðàìàòè÷íèõ ïðèêëàäàõ ìåòîäîì ïîð³âíÿííÿ ïîÿñíþþòüñÿ ïðàâèëà óêðà- ¿íñüêî¿ ãðàìàòèêè, ïðîâîäèòüñÿ ïîë³ëîã ì³æ óêðà¿íñüêîþ, ðîñ³éñüêîþ ³ áîëãàðñüêîþ ìîâàìè ç ìåòîþ ðåçóëüòàòèâíîãî çàñâîºííÿ é ãëèáîêîãî âèâ÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè ÿê ³íîçåìíî¿. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ïîë³ëîã, óêðà¿íñüêà ìîâà, áîëãàðñüêà ìîâà, ðîñ³éñüêà ìîâà, ë³íãâîäèäàêòèêà, íàðîäíà êóëüòóðà. Ïîë³ëîã ì³æ óêðà¿íñüêîþ, áîëãàðñüêîþ òà ðîñ³éñüêîþ ìîâàìè ñïðèÿº á³ëüø åôåêòèâíîìó çàñâîºííþ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè ÿê ³íîçåìíî¿. ² ÿêùî âèêëàäà÷ ìîæå ïðîâåñòè ïàðàëåëü ì³æ ìîâîþ ³íîçåìöÿ òà óêðà¿íñüêîþ ìîâîþ, ïîêàçàòè ñï³ëüí³ ³ â³äì³íí³ ðèñè îáîõ ìîâ, òî çàñâîºííÿ óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè ñòàº íàáàãàòî ëåãøèì ³ ö³êàâ³øèì. Ïðàöþþ÷è ç³ ñòóäåíòàìè áîëãàðñüêîãî ïîõîäæåííÿ, ìè ñòàðàºìîñÿ ï³ä³áðàòè ³ ïîäàòè íàâ÷àëüíèé ìàòåð³àë òàê, ùîá îòðèìàòè íàéá³ëüø åôåêòèâíèé ðåçóëüòàò: ãëèáîêå çàñâîºííÿ êóðñó óêðà¿íñüêî¿ ìîâè. Äî ìîâîçíàâ÷èõ òåì âêëþ÷àþòüñÿ ç íàâ÷àëüíîþ ìåòîþ òåêñòè (ìîíîëîã³÷í³ òà ä³àëîã³÷í³) ïðî Óêðà¿íó òà óêðà¿íñüêèé íàðîä, éîãî çâè÷à¿, ³ñòîð³þ. 250 © Í. ß. Êóïðàòà, Â. Ï. Íîãàé, 2010
ÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÃËÎÒÎÄÈÄÀÊÒÈÊÈ ² ÌÅÒÎÄÈÊÈ ÂÈÊËÀÄÀÍÍß ÌÎÂÈ Ë³íãâîäèäàêòè÷íèé õàðàêòåð ñàìîñò³éíèõ ðîá³ò âèçíà÷àºòüñÿ ãîòîâèìè ïðàêòè÷íèìè çàâäàííÿìè. Ãðàìàòè÷í³ âïðàâè, ÿê ³ âñÿ ñàìîñò³éíà òà àóäèòîðíà ðîáîòà, ñòðóêòóðîâàí³ â òàê³é ïîñë³äîâíîñò³, ÿêà îð³ºíòóºòüñÿ íà á³ëüø ìîæëèâèé ìåòîäè÷íèé âàð³àíò äëÿ îñìèñëåííÿ, çàêð³ïëåííÿ ³ òâîð÷îãî âèêîðèñòàííÿ ìîâíî¿ îäèíèö³. Ïðàêòè÷í³ çàâäàííÿ, ÿê³ âèõîäÿòü ç òåêñò³â, º ð³çí³ çà òðóäíîùàìè. ×àñòî äî íèõ äîäàþòüñÿ çðàçêè àâòåíòè÷í³ íà âèãëÿä, ùî äîïîìàãàº ñòóäåíòàì â ïîä³áíèõ ìîâíèõ ñèòóàö³ÿõ ïðàâèëüíî âèêîíàòè çàâäàííÿ. Ðîçãëÿíåìî äåÿê³ ç íèõ. 1. Èçÿñíåòå ëåêñèêàëíîòî çíà÷åíèå íà äóìèòå ñ ïîìîùòà: à) íà ñëîâîñú÷åòàíèå; á) íà èçðå÷åíèå: âîäîïàä, ïðèñòàíèùå, êðàéáðåæèå, äîëèíà. 1. Ïîÿñí³òü ëåêñè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ ñë³â çà äîïîìîãîþ: à) ñëîâîñïîëó÷åíü; á) ðå÷åíü: áîëãàð. ìîâà óêð. ìîâà ðîñ. ìîâà âîäîïàä âîäîñïàä âîäîïàä ïðèñòàíèùå ïðèõèñòîê ïðèñòàíèùå äîëèíà äîëèíà äîëèíà êðàéáðåæèå óçáåðåææÿ ïðèáåðåæüå 2. Êîå å îáùîòî è ðàçëè÷íîòî â ëåêñèêàëíèòå è ãðàìàòè÷íèòå çíà÷åíèÿ íà äóìèòå: èçâîð, èçâèðàì, âîäà,âîäåí, èçâîä. 2. Ùî ñï³ëüíîãî ³ â³äì³ííîãî â ëåêñè÷íîìó ³ ãðàìàòè÷íîìó çíà÷åíí³ ñë³â: áîëãàð. ìîâà óêð. ìîâà ðîñ. ìîâà âîäà âîäà âîäà âîäåí âîäÿíèé âîäíûé èçâîä âèñíîâîê âûâîä èçâîð äæåðåëî èñòî÷íèê èçâèðàì ç’ÿâëÿòèñÿ ïîÿâëÿòüñÿ 3. Â ñëåäíèòå äóìè: ñêàëà, ñêàë÷, ñêàëèñò, ñêàëåí; ïëàíèíà, ïëàíèíñêè, ïëàíèíñêà, ïëàíèíàð, ïëàíèíñêè ïîä÷åðòàéòå ñàìî ðå÷íèêîâèòå åäèíèöè. Îïðåäåëåòå ãðàìàòè÷íîòî è ðå÷íèêîâîòî çíà÷åíèå íà âñÿêà îò òÿõ. 3.Ó çàïðîïîíîâàíèõ ñëîâàõ: cêàëà, ñêàë÷, ñêàëèñò, ñêàëåí, ïëàíèíà, ïëàíèíñêè, ïëàíèíñêà, ïëàíèíàð, ïëàíèíñêè ï³äêðåñë³òü ãðàìàòè÷íó îäèíèöþ. Ïåðåêëàä³òü ö³ ñëîâà íà óêðà¿íñüêó òà ðîñ³éñüêó ìîâè, âèçíà÷òå ãðàìàòè÷íå òà ñëîâíèêîâå çíà÷åííÿ êîæíîãî ç íèõ. 4. Ïîñî÷åòå äóìèòå, êîèòî èìàò åäíàêúâ çâóêîâ ñúñòàâ, íî ðàçëè÷íî ðå÷íèêîâî çíà÷åíèå. Òÿ èìà ðàçêîøíà ðóñà êîñà. Ïî ëèâàäàòà âúðâåøå ÷îâåê ñ êîñà íà ðàìî. Îò øîñåòî ñå âèæäà òÿõíàòà âèëà. Òîé ñúáèðàøå èçãíèëàòà øóìà ñ æåëÿçíà âèëà. 4. Çíàéä³òü ñëîâà, ÿê³ ìàþòü îäíàêîâó ê³ëüê³ñòü çâóê³â, àëå ð³çíå ñèíòàêñè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ. Ïåðåêëàä³òü ðå÷åííÿ óêðà¿íñüêîþ òà ðîñ³éñüêîþ ìîâàìè. Ùî ñï³ëüíîãî âè ïîì³òèëè? 5. Â áúëãàðñêè è ðóñêè åçèê ñå ñðåùàò äóìè ñ åäíàêúâ çâóêîâ ñúñòàâ, íî ñ ðàçëè÷íî ëåêñèêàëíî çíà÷åíèå. Åòî íÿêîè îò òÿõ: áóëêà, ãðîá, ãðèâíà. Ñ ïîìîùòà íà ðå÷íèêà îïðåäåëåòå ëåêñèêàëíîòî çíà÷åíèå, ñ êîåòî òåçè äóìè ñå óïîòðåáÿâàò â áúëãàðñêè è ðóñêè åçèê. 5. Ó áîëãàðñüê³é, óêðà¿íñüê³é òà ðîñ³éñüê³é ìîâàõ çóñòð³÷àþòüñÿ ñëîâà ç îäíàêîâèì çâóêîâèì ñêëàäîì, àëå ç ð³çíèì ëåêñè÷íèì çíà÷åííÿì, ÿê íàïðèêëàä, áóëêà, ãðîá, ãðèâíÿ. [2: 31] Ñêëàä³òü ä³àëîã. Çà äîïîìîãîþ ñëîâíèê³â âèçíà÷òå ëåêñè÷íå çíà÷åííÿ, â ÿêîìó âæèâàþòüñÿ ö³ ñëîâà â áîëãàðñüê³é, óêðà¿íñüê³é òà ðîñ³éñüê³é ìîâàõ. 6. Äàäåíèÿò îòêúñ îò ðîìàíà “Ïîä èãîòî” íà Èâàí Âàçîâ å ïðåâåäåí ïî÷òè íà âñè÷êè ñëàâÿíñêè åçèöè. Îïðåäåëåòå êîè äóìè ñà îáùè çà áúëãàðñêèÿ, ðóñêè è óêðàèíñêè åçèê. [1: 19] 6. Íàâåäåíèé óðèâîê ç ðîìàíà “Ï³ä ³ãîì” ²âàíà Âàçîâà ïåðåêëàäåíèé ìàéæå íà âñ³ ñëîâ’ÿíñüê³ ìîâè. Âèçíà÷òå, ÿê³ ñëîâà º ñï³ëüí³ äëÿ áîëãàðñüêî¿, óêðà¿íñüêî¿ òà ðîñ³éñüêî¿ ìîâ. Áúëãàðñêè (áîëãàðñüêîþ ìîâîþ): Ïåò äåíÿ âå÷å Êëèñóðà ñå íàìèðà â ðåâîëþöèÿ. Âñÿêî çàíÿòèå å ñïðÿëî; âñÿêîé äðóã èíòåðåñ å çàáðàâåí; âúçáóæäåíèå íåîáèêíîâåíî å èçïèñàíî íà ëèöàòà. Ãðàäúò áåøå âúçõèòåí, áåçïîêîåí, íàåæåí; åäíà îïèÿíÿþùà àòìîñôåðà òå÷åøå èç óëèöèòå. 251
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