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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15 Íàïðèìåð: Èññëåäîâàíèå ïðîâîäèëè ãðàâèìåòðè÷åñêèì ñïîñîáîì; Ñðåäíèé ðàçìåð ÷àñòèö îïðåäåëÿëè…; Â ýòîì ãîäó â ñëîå XII âåêà íàøëè áåðåñòÿíóþ ãðàìîòó ¹460 ñ çàïèñüþ àçáóêè. Êîíêðåòíîå çíà÷åíèå íåíàçâàííîãî ñóáúåêòà îïðåäåëÿåòñÿ èç êîíòåêñòà. Ãëàãîëû â äàííûõ êîíñòðóêöèÿõ ñòîÿò îáû÷íî â ïðîøåäøåì âðåìåíè, ïîñêîëüêó ðå÷ü, êàê ïðàâèëî, èä¸ò îá óæå ïîëó÷åííûõ ðåçóëüòàòàõ. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííî-ëè÷íûå êîíñòðóêöèè ìîãóò óïîòðåáëÿòüñÿ â íàó÷íîé ðå÷è è ïðè ïåðåäà÷å êîëëåêòèâíîãî äåéñòâèÿ: Â ëàáîðàòîðèè èçó÷àþò ïðîöåññ îáðàçîâàíèÿ ïîëèìåðîâ; Î òåðìè÷åñêîé óñòîé÷èâîñòè ñóäèëè ïî èçìåíåíèþ óäåëüíîé ïîâåðõíîñòè êàòàëèçàòîðà. Àâòîðàìè íàéäåíî, ÷òî… Èíòåðåñíî, ÷òî â óñòíîé ðàçíîâèäíîñòè íàó÷íîãî äèñêóðñà íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íûå êîíñòðóêöèè â ýòèõ ïîçèöèÿõ ÷àñòî çàìåùàþòñÿ äâóñîñòàâíûìè ïðåäëîæåíèÿìè ñ ìåñòîèìåíèÿìè ïåðâîãî ëèöà ìíîæåñòâåííîãî ÷èñëà (ìû) íà ìåñòå ïîäëåæàùåãî. Ïðè ýòîì ìû èìååò òå æå çíà- ÷åíèÿ, ÷òî è îòñóòñòâóþùèé àãåíñ â íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íîì ïðåäëîæåíèè, à èìåííî: à) ìû = ÿ á) ìû = ÿ + êîëëåêòèâ ó÷åíûõ â) ìû = ÿ + âñå ó÷åíûå Òàêèì îáðàçîì, ìåñòîèìåíèå ìû çäåñü óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â êà÷åñòâå îáîáùåííî-àâòîðèçóþùåãî ñðåäñòâà [8]. Ñð. “àâòîðèçóþùèå ñëîâà” ïî òåðìèíîëîãèè Ã. À. Çîëîòîâîé [4: 347], êîòîðûå íå ñîîòíîñÿòñÿ ñ îïðåäåëåííûì ñóáúåêòîì, à èìåþò îáîáùåííî-ëè÷íîå çíà÷åíèå, âêëþ÷àþùåå àâòîðà (ãîâîðÿò, íàçûâàåòñÿ). Ïðåäñòàâëÿåòñÿ, ÷òî â àíàëîãè÷íîé ôóíêöèè, ò.å. äëÿ ïðèäàíèÿ âûñêàçûâàíèþ áîëüøåé îôèöèàëüíîñòè, óïîòðåáëÿþòñÿ íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íûå êîíñòðóêöèè â îôèöèàëüíî-äåëîâîì äèñêóðñå. Íàïðèìåð: (Ñåêðåòàðü ïîñåòèòåëþ) — Æäèòå, âàñ âûçîâóò. Î÷åâèäíî, ÷òî ñåêðåòàðþ èçâåñòåí ïðîèçâîäèòåëü äåéñòâèÿ, íî îí ñîçíàòåëüíî íå íàçâàí. Èëè: — Ïðîõîäèòå. Âàñ æäóò. Àêöåíò â äàííûõ êîíñòðóêöèÿõ äåëàåòñÿ íà ñàìîì äåéñòâèè, à íå íà åãî ïðîèçâîäèòåëå. Ñëåäóåò çàìåòèòü, ÷òî â íàó÷íîì òåêñòå íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íûå êîíñòðóêöèè â ðàññìîòðåííûõ âûøå ïîçèöèÿõ íå îáëàäàþò âûñîêîé ÷àñòîòíîñòüþ, ïîñêîëüêó îíè àêòèâíî âûòåñíÿþòñÿ äðóãèìè êîíñòðóêöèÿìè ñ íåâûðàæåííûì àãåíñîì. Îäíàêî ìîæíî âûäåëèòü ïîçèöèþ, â êîòîðîé óïîòðåáëåíèå íåîïðåäåëåííî-ëè÷íîé êîíñòðóêöèè â íàó÷íîì äèñêóðñå ÿâëÿåòñÿ ïðåäïî÷òèòåëüíûì è çàêðåïëåíî òðàäèöèåé. Ðå÷ü èäåò îá îïèñàíèè ýêñïåðèìåíòà. Íàïðèìåð: Îïûòû ïðîâîäèëè â ñòåêëÿííîì ðåàêòîðå; Îáðàçåö íàñûïàëè òîíêèì ñëîåì; Ãàç ïðîïóñêàëè ÷åðåç êîëîíêó. Èññëåäîâàíèå òåíäåíöèé ðàçâèòèÿ ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìû â ñâÿçè ñî ñòèëèñòè÷åñêèìè ñäâèãàìè â ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ÿçûêå è, â ÷àñòíîñòè, êîíñòðóêöèé ñ íåâûðàæåííûì àãåíñîì, ïðåäñòàâëÿåò áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ äëÿ îáó÷åíèÿ èíîñòðàííûõ ó÷àùèõñÿ ñòèëèñòè÷åñêè äèôôåðåíöèðîâàííîé ðå÷è. Â äàííîé ñòàòüå áûëà ñäåëàíà ëèøü ïîïûòêà ïîäõîäà ê ðåøåíèþ ýòîé ïðîáëåìû íà ìàòåðèàëå íàó÷íîãî äèñêóðñà. 1. Áàáàéöåâà Â. Â. Îäíîñîñòàâíûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ â ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. — Ì., 1968. 2. Âàãíåð Â. Í. Ñèíòàêñèñ ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà êàê èíîñòðàííîãî è åãî ïðåïîäàâàíèå. — Ì., 2005. 3. Ãðàììàòèêà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà: Â 2-õ ò. Ñèíòàêñèñ. — Ì., 1960. — Ò.2. — ×.2. 4. Çîëîòîâà Ã. À. Êîììóíèêàòèâíûå àñïåêòû ðóññêîãî ñèíòàêñèñà. — Ì., 1982. 5. Çîëîòîâà Ã. À. Ñèíòàêñè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü. Ðåïåðòóàð ýëåìåíòàðíûõ åäèíèö ðóññêîãî ñèíòàêñèñà. — Ì., 1988. 6. Çîëîòîâà Ã. À., Îíèùåíêî Í. Ê., Ñèäîðîâà Ì. Þ. Êîììóíèêàòèâíàÿ ãðàììàòèêà ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì., 2004. 7. Êîêîðèíà Ñ. È. Î ñåìàíòè÷åñêîì ñóáúåêòå è îñîáåííîñòÿõ åãî âûðàæåíèÿ â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå. — Ì., 1979. 8. Íèñòðàòîâà Ñ. Ë. Íàó÷íàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà // ßçûê, ñòèëü, æàíðû. — Ì., 1985. — Ñ. 81–100. 9. Ïîñîáèå ïî ñèíòàêñèñó ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà / Ïîä ðåä. Â. Í. Ìàòâååâîé, Í. È. Êî÷åòêîâîé. — Ì., 1977. 10. Ðóññêàÿ ãðàììàòèêà: Â 2-õ ò. Ñèíòàêñèñ. — Ì., 1980. — Ò.2. 11. Ñèìà Ãóäæàðàòõè. Íåîïðåäåë¸ííî-ëè÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ â ðóññêîì ÿçûêå è ñïîñîáû èõ ïåðåäà÷è â ÿçûêå Ìàðàòõè: Àâòîðåô. äèñ. … êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê. — Ì., 1990. 12. Ñîâðåìåííàÿ ðóññêàÿ óñòíàÿ íàó÷íàÿ ðå÷ü / Ïîä ðåä. Î. À. Ëàïòåâîé. — Ì., 1999. — Ò.4. 13. Õàçîâà Î. Í. Ðóññêèå íåîïðåäåë¸ííî-ëè÷íûå ïðåäëîæåíèÿ è èõ ìåñòî â ñèíòàêñè÷åñêîé ñèñòåìå ñîâðåìåííîãî ðóññêîãî ÿçûêà. — Ì., 1985. 216
ÏÈÒÀÍÍß ÑÈÍÒÀÊÑÈÑÓ, ÒÅÊÑÒÈÊÈ, ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑÎËÎÃ²¯ S. L. Nistratova PECULIARITIES OF THE USAGE OF THE INDEFINITE PERSONAL CONSTRUCTION IN SCIENTIFIC DISCOURSE The article is dedicated to the functional usage of the constructions containing an unexpressed agent in scientific discourse, i.e. the indefinite personal construction. The article offers the analysis of the conditions and the area of their usage in literary texts and colloquial discourse. Key words: the Russian language, scientific discourse, indefinite personal constructions. Ñ. Ë. Í³ñòðàòîâà ÎÑÎÁËÈÂÎÑÒ² ÔÓÍÊÖ²ÎÍÓÂÀÍÍß Ä²ªÑË²ÂÍÈÕ ÍÅÎÇÍÀ×ÅÍÎ-ÎÑÎÁÎÂÈÕ ÊÎÍÑÒÐÓÊÖ²É Â ÑÓ×ÀÑÍÎÌÓ ÍÀÓÊÎÂÎÌÓ ÄÈÑÊÓÐÑ² Ó ñòàòò³ éäåòüñÿ ïðî îñîáëèâîñò³ ôóíêö³îíóâàííÿ êîíñòðóêö³é ç íåâèðàæåíèì àãåíñîì, çîêðåìà íåîçíà÷åíî-îñîáîâèõ, â íàóêîâîìó äèñêóðñ³. Ðîçãëÿíóòî óìîâè òà ñôåðó ¿õ óæèâàííÿ ó ïîð³âíÿíí³ ç õóäîæí³ì òåêñòîì ³ ðîçìîâíèì ìîâëåííÿì. Êëþ÷îâ³ ñëîâà: ðîñ³éñüêà ìîâà, íàóêîâèé äèñêóðñ, íåîçíà÷åíî-îñîáîâ³ êîíñòðóêö³¿. 217
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