ÐÐÐÐ - ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑаниÑа - ÐдеÑÑкий ÐаÑÑоналÑний УнÑвеÑÑиÑÐµÑ ...
ÐÐÐÐ - ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑаниÑа - ÐдеÑÑкий ÐаÑÑоналÑний УнÑвеÑÑиÑÐµÑ ...
ÐÐÐÐ - ÐÐ»Ð°Ð²Ð½Ð°Ñ ÑÑÑаниÑа - ÐдеÑÑкий ÐаÑÑоналÑний УнÑвеÑÑиÑÐµÑ ...
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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15<br />
Ñëåíãèçì íàéò (îò àíãë. night) â ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ìîëîä¸æíîì ñëåíãå èìååò äâà çíà÷åíèÿ:<br />
1. ‘íî÷ü’: Êîòîðûé íàéò âñ¸ îë ðàéò [5:371]; Òàê ìû íàéò â ìèëèöèè è ïðîâåëè [6:415]; 2. ‘íî÷ëåã’:<br />
Êóäà áû íàì íà íàéò âïèñàòüñÿ? [5:371]; Íó, ÷òî òàì ñ Ìàéêîì? Íó, êàê òàì ñ Äýéçè? À ïðàâäà,<br />
ñ íàéòà ñâèíòèëè â êðýéçè? [6:415]. Âòîðîå çíà÷åíèå ëåêñåìà ïðèîáðåëà íåïîñðåäñòâåííî â<br />
ðóññêîì ÿçûêå; â àíãëèéñêîì òàêîå çíà÷åíèå ó ñëîâà îòñóòñòâóåò.<br />
Êðîìå ýòîãî, â ðóññêîì æàðãîíå îáðàçîâàëèñü äåðèâàòû íàéòàòü, íàéòîâàòü â çíà÷åíèè ‘íî-<br />
÷åâàòü’: Êòî íàñ âïèøåò íàéòàòü? [5:371]; Íàéòàëè â ïàðàäíÿêå [6:415]; íàéòàíóòü ‘ïåðåíî÷åâàòü<br />
ãäå-ë.’: ß â Ïèòåð ñ óäîâîëüñòâèåì ïîåäó, áûëî áû ãäå íàéòàíóòü [5:371].<br />
Ñäðèí÷àòüñÿ (îò àíãë. to drink) â ðóññêîì ìîëîä¸æíîì ñëåíãå îáîçíà÷àåò 1. ‘ñïèòüñÿ, äåãðàäèðîâàòü<br />
â ðåçóëüòàòå çëîóïîòðåáëåíèÿ àëêîãîëåì’: Ñîñåä ñîâñåì ñäðèí÷àëñÿ, íà ÷åëîâåêà óæå íå<br />
ïîõîæ. 2. ‘óìåðåòü îò àëêîãîëèçìà’: Îäíè ñòîð÷àëèñü, äðóãèå ñäðèí÷àëèñü, òðåòüè êèíóëèñü [îäíè<br />
ïîãèáëè îò íàðêîòèêîâ, äðóãèå îò àëêîãîëèçìà, òðåòüè ïîêîí÷èëè æèçíü ñàìîóáèéñòâîì] [5:531].<br />
Âòîðîå çíà÷åíèå ëåêñåìû ïîÿâèëîñü óæå â ðóññêîì ñëåíãå è â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå îòñóòñòâóåò.<br />
Ãëàãîë to squat â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå èìååò ñëåäóþùèå çíà÷åíèÿ: 1. à) ‘ñèäåòü íà êîðòî÷êàõ’;<br />
á) ‘ñàäèòüñÿ íà êîðòî÷êè’; â) ‘ïðèïàäàòü ê çåìëå (î æèâîòíûõ)’; 2. à) ‘ñåëèòüñÿ ñàìîâîëüíî íà<br />
÷óæîé çåìëå; íåçàêîííî âñåëÿòüñÿ â äîì’; á) ‘ñåëèòüñÿ íà íåçàíÿòîé çåìëå, âûäåëåííîé ãîñóäàðñòâîì’.<br />
 îáùåíàöèîíàëüíîì ðóññêîì ÿçûêå çàôèêñèðîâàíû çàèìñòâîâàíèÿ ñêâàòòåð (îò àíãë.<br />
squatter, îò squat — ‘ñåëèòüñÿ íà ÷óæîé çåìëå’) â çíà÷åíèÿõ 1. ‘êîëîíèñò, ñàìîâîëüíî çàíèìàâøèé<br />
ñâîáîäíûé íåîáðàáîòàííûé ó÷àñòîê çåìëè â ïåðèîä íà÷àëüíîé êîëîíèçàöèè â Àìåðèêå è<br />
Àâñòðàëèè’; 2. ‘ñêîòîâîä â Àâñòðàëèè, àðåíäóþùèé äëÿ ñâîèõ ñòàä íåîáðàáîòàííûé ó÷àñòîê çåìëè’,<br />
à òàêæå ñêâîòåð (îò àíãë. squatter), â çíà÷åíèè ‘òîò, êòî ñàìîâîëüíî âñåëÿåòñÿ â ïóñòóþùóþ<br />
êâàðòèðó’ [1:534].<br />
 ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ìîëîä¸æíîì ñëåíãå ñëîâî ñêâîò (îò àíãë. to squat) ôóíêöèîíèðóåò â<br />
çíà÷åíèè 1. ‘íåæèëîå ïîìåùåíèå, êîòîðîå èñïîëüçóåòñÿ äëÿ ïðîæèâàíèÿ, îáîðóäîâàíèÿ òâîð-<br />
÷åñêèõ ìàñòåðñêèõ’: Ýòîò ïî÷òîâûé ýëåâàòîð — òîæå ñêâîò. Ïîìèìî ýòîãî, ñëîâî ïðèîáðåëî<br />
çíà÷åíèå 2. ‘êîììóíà, ãðóïïà ëþäåé (êàê ïðàâèëî, òâîð÷åñêèõ), ïðîæèâàþùèõ ñîâìåñòíî â íåæèëîì<br />
ïîìåùåíèè’: Îñíîâíàÿ öåëü ñêâîòà — òâîð÷åñêàÿ ñâîáîäà [5:541].<br />
Ñëåíãèçì ñêâîòåð, êîòîðûé îáðàçîâàí îò ñëîâà ñêâîò â åãî îñíîâíîì çíà÷åíèè, îáîçíà÷àåò<br />
‘÷åëîâåêà, ïðîæèâàþùåãî ñîâìåñòíî ñ äðóãèìè ÷ëåíàìè òâîð÷åñêîé ãðóïïèðîâêè â íåæèëîì<br />
ïîìåùåíèè’: Îñíîâíàÿ ÷àñòü ñêâîòåðîâ — ìóçûêàíòû, õóäîæíèêè, ñêóëüïòîðû [5:541]. Ïðèëàãàòåëüíîå<br />
ñêâîòåðñêèé óïîòðåáëÿåòñÿ â çíà÷åíèè ‘èìåþùèé îòíîøåíèå ê ñêâîòåðàì’: Ñêâîòåðñêîå<br />
äâèæåíèå î÷åíü ðàñïðîñòðàíåíî íà Çàïàäå [5:541].  äàííîì ñëó÷àå ìû íàáëþäàåì ðàñøèðåíèå<br />
çíà÷åíèé àíãëèéñêîãî ñëîâà â ðóññêîì æàðãîíå.<br />
Òàêèì îáðàçîì, â ñîâðåìåííîì ðóññêîì ìîëîä¸æíîì ñëåíãå íàáëþäàåòñÿ ïîëíîå èëè ÷àñòè÷íîå<br />
èçìåíåíèå ñåìàíòèêè àíãëîÿçû÷íûõ çàèìñòâîâàíèé.<br />
1. Áóëûêî À. Í. Áîëüøîé ñëîâàðü èíîñòðàííûõ ñëîâ. 35 òûñÿ÷ ñëîâ. — Èçä. 2-å, èñïð. — Ì.: Ìàðòèí, 2007. — 704 ñ.<br />
2. Âàëüòåð Õ. Òîëêîâûé ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî øêîëüíîãî è ñòóäåí÷åñêîãî æàðãîíà: îê. 5000 ñëîâ è âûðàæåíèé / Õ. Âàëüòåð,<br />
Â. Ì. Ìîêèåíêî, Ò. Ã. Íèêèòèíà. — Ì.: Àñòðåëü: ÀÑÒ: Òðàíçèòêíèãà, 2005. — 360, [8] ñ.<br />
3. Èâàíîâ Ã. À. Õóëèãàíñêî-áëàòíîé æàðãîííûé ñëîâàðü. — Äîíåöê: Äîíå÷÷èíà, 2006. — 320 ñ.<br />
4. Ëåâèêîâà Ñ. È. Áîëüøîé ñëîâàðü ìîëîä¸æíîãî ñëåíãà. — Ì.: ÔÀÈÐ-ÏÐÅÑÑ, 2003. — 928 ñ.<br />
5. Ìîêèåíêî Â. Ì. , Íèêèòèíà Ò. Ã. Áîëüøîé ñëîâàðü ðóññêîãî æàðãîíà — ÑÏá.: Íîðèíò, 2001. — 720 ñ.<br />
6. Íèêèòèíà Ò. Ã. Ìîëîä¸æíûé ñëåíã: òîëêîâûé ñëîâàðü: áîëåå 12 000 ñëîâ; ñâûøå 3000 ôðàçåîëîãèçìîâ. — Ì.:<br />
Àñòðåëü: ÀÑÒ, 2007. — 910, [2] ñ.<br />
A. V. Lebedeva<br />
THE ENGLISH LEXICAL UNITS SEMANTIC VOLUME CHANGE IN THE PROCESS<br />
OF MODERN YOUTH’S SLANG BORROWING<br />
The article is aimed to review the anglicisms functioning in modern Russian youth’s slang; the semantic changes<br />
which take place during their borrowing by the Russian language are defined.<br />
Key words: borrowings, anglicisms, youth slang, slang words, semantic processes.<br />
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