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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15<br />
Òè áóäü ìåí³ çåëåíèì ïîëåì,<br />
Çåìëåþ áóäü ìåí³.<br />
<br />
Òè áóäü ìåí³ õìàðèíêîþ ëåãêîþ,<br />
Áëàêèòòþ íåáà áóäü ìåí³. (Ïåðåâîä Ì. Ïèëèïåíêî)<br />
 ýòîì îáðàùåíèè ê ëþáèìîìó ÷åëîâåêó ÷åòûðå ìåòàìîðôîçû èìåþò áèîìîðôíûé õàðàêòåð.<br />
Ýòî ñáëèæàåò îáðàçíîñòü Òèçäåéë è Àõìàòîâîé. Ìû ñ÷èòàåì ýòè ïðèìåðû ñêîðåå ìåòàìîðôîçîé,<br />
÷åì ìåòàôîðîé, ïîñêîëüêó ïîýòåññà îïèñûâàåò ìíîæåñòâåííûå èçìåíåíèÿ, ïðåâðàùåíèÿ,<br />
è ãëàãîë “áûòü” ñèíîíèìè÷åí ãëàãîëó “ñòàíîâèòüñÿ”. Àíàëîãè÷íàÿ ñòðóêòóðà òðîïà íàáëþäàåòñÿ<br />
â ïîýçèè À. Îëåñÿ è À. Àõìàòîâîé:<br />
Î ñëîâî! Áóäü ìå÷åì ìî¿ì!<br />
ͳ, ñîíöåì ñòàíü! (À. Îëåñü)<br />
ß áûëà òâîåé áåññîííèöåé,<br />
ß òâîåé òîñêîé áûëà. (À. Àõìàòîâà)<br />
 ñóáñòàíòèâíîé ìåòàôîðå ñ ïîäîáíîé ñòðóêòóðîé àêòóàëèçèðóåòñÿ ïîñòîÿííîå ñõîäñòâî, à<br />
íå èçìåíåíèÿ:<br />
I am the still rain falling. (S. Teasdale)<br />
ß — äîæäü, ÷òî òèõî ïàäàåò.<br />
Ìåòàìîðôîçó, íà íàø âçãëÿä, ñëåäóåò îïðåäåëèòü êàê òðîï, êîòîðûé îñíîâûâàåòñÿ íà îáðàçíîì<br />
îïèñàíèè ïðåâðàùåíèé äâóõ ðàçëè÷íûõ îáúåêòîâ.  ïîýçèè À. Àõìàòîâîé âàæíóþ ðîëü<br />
èãðàåò ãëàãîëüíûé êîìïîíåíò, ðàçíîîáðàçíûé ïî ñåìàíòèêå è èìåþùèé ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèé õàðàêòåð,<br />
÷òî ïðèäà¸ò îáðàçàì áîëüøóþ íàãëÿäíîñòü, ÿðêîñòü.  àíãëî-àìåðèêàíñêîé ïîýçèè ïðèñóòñòâóþò<br />
íåìåòàôîðè÷åñêèå ãëàãîëû, êàê è ãëàãîë “áûòü”, è ïðîöåññ ïðåâðàùåíèÿ ÿâëÿåòñÿ íå<br />
òàêèì êðàñî÷íûì. Ìåòàìîðôîçû â ïîýòè÷åñêèõ òåêñòàõ Àõìàòîâîé è Òèçäåéë â îñíîâíîì èìåþò<br />
çîîìîðôíóþ è áèîìîðôíóþ (Òèçäåéë) íàïðàâëåííîñòü, à Òîìàñ òàêæå øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåò àíòðîïîìîðôíûå<br />
òðîïû. Ðóññêàÿ è àìåðèêàíñêàÿ ïîýòåññû ÷àùå èñïîëüçóþò ìåòàìîðôîçû äëÿ<br />
ïåðåäà÷è ýìîöèé, à Òîìàñ — ïðè îïèñàíèè ïðèðîäû.<br />
Ïåðñïåêòèâà äàëüíåéøèõ èññëåäîâàíèé ñîñòîèò â èçó÷åíèè ñåìàíòèêè è ñòðóêòóðû ýòîãî<br />
òðîïà â ïðîçå â ñðàâíåíèè ñ ïîýçèåé. Êðîìå òîãî, èíòåðåñ ïðåäñòàâëÿåò èññëåäîâàíèå êîíöåïòóàëüíîãî<br />
õàðàêòåðà ìåòàìîðôîçû â ïîýçèè ÕÕ âåêà, òàê êàê ìèðîâàÿ ëèòåðàòóðà øèðîêî èñïîëüçóåò<br />
äàííûé òðîï (àíòè÷íàÿ ìèôîëîãèÿ, Êàôêà, Çàáîëîöêèé). È îí èìååò ñâîè îñîáåííîñòè êàê<br />
â èíäèâèäóàëüíîì ñòèëå àâòîðà, òàê è â ïîýçèè â öåëîì.<br />
1. Àðóòþíîâà Í. Ä. Ìåòàôîðà è äèñêóðñ // Òåîðèÿ ìåòàôîðû. — Ì., 1990. — Ñ.5–32.<br />
2. Âèíîãðàäîâ Â. Â. Èçáðàííûå òðóäû. Ïîýòèêà ðóññêîé ëèòåðàòóðû. — Ì., 1963.<br />
3. Æàíòóðèíà Á. Í. Ñåìàíòèêà è ñòðóêòóðà ñèíêðåòè÷åñêèõ òðîïîâ: Àâòîðåô. äèñ. … êàíä. ôèëîë. íàóê: 10.02.04. — Ë.,<br />
1984.<br />
4. Ìîñêâèí Â. Ï. Ðóññêàÿ ìåòàôîðà: Î÷åðê ñåìèîòè÷åñêîé òåîðèè. — Ì., 2006.<br />
5. Ñòèëèñòèêà àíãëèéñêîãî ÿçûêà /À. Í. Ìîðîõîâñêèé, Î. Ï. Âîðîáüåâà, Í. È. Ëèõîøåðñò, Ç. Â. Òèìîøåíêî. — Ê.,<br />
1991.<br />
6. Òîïîðîâ Â. Í. Òðîïû // Ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêèé ýíöèêëîïåäè÷åñêèé ñëîâàðü. — Ì., 1990. — Ñ.520–521.<br />
O. V. Yemets<br />
SEMANTIC AND STRUCTURAL PECULIARITIES OF METAMORPHOSIS IN RUSSIAN,<br />
BRITISH AND AMERICAN POETRY OF THE XX TH CENTURY<br />
The article is devoted to investigation of metamorphosis in Russian, British and American poetry of the XX th<br />
century. The main semantic types of metamorphosis in the poems of Akhmatova in comparison with poetic texts<br />
of Thomas and Teasdale are determined. The differences in the trope structure as well as in semantics of the verbal<br />
component in two languages are singled out.<br />
Key words: tropes, metamorphosis, semantic types of trope, component, transformations, individual style.<br />
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