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ÌÎÂÀ ¹ 15
L. F. Barannik
SPECIFICITY OF MIGRANT DIALECTS OF ODESSA REGION: LEXICAL ASPECT
The article reveals the major lexical-semantic features of the Russian island dialects of South of the Ukraine,
which for a long time (more than 200 years) operate in multilingual environment (Ukrainian, Bulgarian, Moldavian,
Gagauz and others) in isolation from the main Russian-language and mother, South-Russian, body. Foreign-language
environment contributes, on the one hand, preserving a lot of dialect words, that have been lost in the dialects
of the metropolis. On the other hand- the penetration of a significant body of lexical borrowings from neighboring
languages and dialects, generates lexical-semantic peculiarity of Russian island dialects of South of the Ukraine and
leads to a special development of their lexical system.
Key words: Russian dialectology, South-Russian island migrant dialects, interlinguistic contacts, lexical borrowings,
Odessa region.
ÓÄÊ 811.161.1'282.4’373.612.2(477.74)
Ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèå íàèìåíîâàíèÿ ëèö â ðóññêèõ
ïåðåñåëåí÷åñêèõ ãîâîðàõ Îäåññêîé îáëàñòè
Ë. Î. Çàáîëüÿí
Ñòàòüÿ ïîñâÿùåíà ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèì íàèìåíîâàíèÿì ëèö â ðóññêèõ ïåðåñåëåí÷åñêèõ ãîâîðàõ
Îäåññêîé îáëàñòè. Ðàññìàòðèâàþòñÿ ðàçëè÷íûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìåòàôîðû, âûäåëÿþòñÿ îñîáåííîñòè
äèàëåêòíîé ìåòàôîðû â èññëåäóåìûõ ãîâîðàõ.
Êëþ÷åâûå ñëîâà: ëåêñèêà ðóññêèõ ïåðåñåëåí÷åñêèõ ãîâîðîâ, ìåòàôîðà, ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèå íàèìåíîâàíèÿ
ëèö.
 ðóññêîé ëèíãâèñòèêå íàáëþäàåòñÿ áîëüøîé èíòåðåñ ê èçó÷åíèþ ëåêñèêè ðóññêèõ ãîâîðîâ.
Çà ïîñëåäíåå äåñÿòèëåòèå ïîäãîòîâëåíû è èçäàíû äåñÿòêè äèàëåêòíûõ ñëîâàðåé, îòðàæàþùèõ
ñëîâàðíûé ñîñòàâ Åâðîïåéñêîé ÷àñòè Ðîññèè, à òàêæå Óðàëà, Ñèáèðè è Äàëüíåãî Âîñòîêà. “Íåñîìíåííî,
èññëåäîâàíèå ÿçûêà, ìàòåðèàëüíîé è äóõîâíîé êóëüòóðû ñåëüñêèõ æèòåëåé â íàøè äíè
îñîáåííî àêòóàëüíî, ò.ê. â óñëîâèÿõ óðáàíèçàöèè, ïðîìûøëåííîãî ðàçâèòèÿ è ýêîíîìè÷åñêîãî
êðèçèñà îùóòèìà îñòðàÿ íåîáõîäèìîñòü è ïîòðåáíîñòü â ñîõðàíåíèè, èçó÷åíèè è ïåðåîñìûñëåíèè
áîãàòîãî íàñëåäèÿ òðàäèöèîííîé íàðîäíîé êóëüòóðû, áàçîâîé îñíîâû âñÿêîãî íàöèîíàëüíîãî
âîçðîæäåíèÿ” [3: 161]. Îñîáîå çíà÷åíèå ñðåäè ðóññêèõ ãîâîðîâ çàíèìàþò ðóññêèå ãîâîðû
áëèæíåãî è äàëüíåãî çàðóáåæüÿ, êîòîðûå â ñèëó èõ îñòðîâíîãî õàðàêòåðà äîëüøå ñîõðàíÿþò èñêîííûå
äèàëåêòíûå ëåêñåìû, íåðåäêî óòðà÷åííûå â ìàòåðèíñêèõ äèàëåêòàõ, à òàêæå çàèìñòâóþò
èç ñîñåäíèõ ÿçûêîâ è äèàëåêòîâ ÿðêèå ìåòàôîðè÷åñêèå íàèìåíîâàíèÿ, îòðàæàþùèå ÿçûêîâóþ
êàðòèíó ìèðà ðóññêèõ ïåðåñåëåíöåâ. “Ðåêîíñòðóêöèÿ ÿçûêîâîé êàðòèíû ìèðà ñîñòàâëÿåò îäíó
èç âàæíåéøèõ çàäà÷ ñîâðåìåííîé ëèíãâèñòè÷åñêîé ñåìàíòèêè” [6]. Êàê èçâåñòíî, îñîáóþ ðîëü
â ôîðìèðîâàíèè ìèðîâîççðåíèÿ, ìèðîîùóùåíèÿ è ìèðîâîñïðèÿòèÿ â ÷åëîâå÷åñêîì ñîçíàíèè
èãðàåò ìåòàôîðà. Ìåòàôîðè÷åñêàÿ ðå÷ü îáëàäàåò óäèâèòåëüíîé “ñïîñîáíîñòüþ îñâàèâàòü ëþáîå
çíàêîâîå ïðîñòðàíñòâî. Äåéñòâèòåëüíî, ìåòàôîðîé ìîãóò ñòàòü ëþáîé ìàòåðèàë, ëþáàÿ âåùü,
ïðåäìåò, ëþáûå êà÷åñòâà, ñïîñîáíîñòè, ñâîéñòâà, ëþáàÿ îáðàçíàÿ àáñòðàêöèÿ, äàæå òàêàÿ ÷èñòàÿ
àáñòðàêöèÿ êàê ÷èñëî” [10: 52]. Ðàçðàáîòêîé òåîðèè ìåòàôîðû çàíèìàëèñü êðóïíûå îòå÷åñòâåííûå
è çàðóáåæíûå ôèëîñîôû è ëèíãâèñòû: Ô. Íèöøå, Ì. Áëýê, Ä. Ñåðëü, Ì. Ðåääè, Ø. Áàëëè,
Ä. Ëàêîôô, Ì. Äæîíñîí, Ï. Ðèêåð, Ä. Äýâèäñîí, Ý. Ìàê-Êîðìàê, À. Êàëáåðò, Ó. Ýêî, Í. Ä. Àðóòþíîâà,
Â. Ã. Ãàê, Ê. Ê. Æîëü, Ê. À. Êåäðîâ, Ë. À. Êóäðÿâöåâà, Í. À. Êîæåâíèêîâà, Â. Ï. Ìîñêâèí,
Â. Â. Ìåëèêîâ, Ë. Í. Ìóðçèí, Ò. À. Ìóìèíîâ, À. À. Ïîòåáíÿ, Â. Â. Ïåòðîâ, Á. À. Ïëîòíèêîâ,
Â. Ì. Ðóñàíèâñêèé, Ò. Â. Ñèìàøêî, Ã. Í. Ñêëÿðåâñêàÿ, À. À. Òàðàíåíêî, Â. Í. Òåëèÿ,
À. Ï. ×óäèíîâ, À. Ì. Øàõíàðîâè÷, Þ. Á. Ôåäåíåâà, È. Î. Ôèëàòåíêî, Í. Ì. Þðüåâà è äðóãèå.
Ìåòàôîðå â äèàëåêòíîì ÿçûêå ïîñâÿùåíû ðàáîòû äèàëåêòîëîãîâ Î. È. Áëèíîâîé, Ë. Ô. Áàðàííèê,
Í. Ò. Áóõàðåâîé, Å. Â. Êîëîñüêî, Ò. Ñ. Êîãîòêîâîé, Í. À. Ëóêüÿíîâîé è äð.
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© Ë. Î. Çàáîëüÿí, 2010