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104 ÌÅÄ²À-ÑÓ×ÀÑÍ²ÑÒÜ Ïðåäìåò â³äîáðàæåííÿ Ìåòà æóðíàë³ñòñüêî¿ òâîð÷îñò³ 23. Ôåéëåòîí ßâèùå Âèñì³ÿòè íåãàòèâíå ñóñï³ëüíå ÿâèùå 24. Ïàìôëåò Ïîä³ÿ Íèù³âíî âèñì³ÿòè âîðîãà 25. Ïàðîä³ÿ ßâèùå Ñïàðîä³þâàòè ÿâèùå 26. Æèòòºâà ³ñòîð³ÿ Ïîä³ÿ Ïîâ³äîìèòè ïðî ïîä³þ 27. Åñå Îñîáà ó ñòîñóíêàõ ³ç ä³éñí³ñòþ Ðîçêðèòè âíóòð³øí³é ñâ³ò îñîáè Ìåòîäè äîñë³äæåííÿ ïðåäìåòà Õóäîæí³é ìåòîä Õóäîæí³é ìåòîä Õóäîæí³é ìåòîä Õóäîæí³é ìåòîä Ïîºäíàííÿ õóäîæíüîãî òà àíàë³òè÷íîãî (ñàìîàíàë³ç) ìåòîä³â Ôîðìè âèêëàäó ìàòåð³àëó Ìàñøòàá îõîïëåííÿ ä³éñíîñò³ Îá’ºêòèâí³ñòü â³äòâîðåííÿ ä³éñíîñò³ Ñòóï³íü îïîñåðåäêîâàíîñò³ êîíòàêòó ç ä³éñí³ñòþ Ðîçïîâ³äü Øèðîêî Ñóá’ºêòèâíî Ïåðâèííèé Ðîçïîâ³äü Âóçüêî Ñóá’ºêòèâíî Ïåðâèííèé Ðîçïîâ³äü Âóçüêî Ñóá’ºêòèâíî Âòîðèííèé Ðîçïîâ³äü Âóçüêî Îá’ºêòèâíî Ïåðâèííèé Îïîâ³äü Âóçüêî Ñóá’ºêòèâíî Ïåðâèííèé
Î. Ïàðõ³òüêî. Ñèñòåìà ñó÷àñíèõ æóðíàë³ñòñüêèõ æàíð³â 105 3. Æàíð åñå çà âñ³ìà ôàêòîðàìè º øèðøèì çà æàíð ñïîâ³ä³, òîæ ìè íå ââàæàºìî çà ïîòð³áíå âèîêðåìëþâàòè ñïîâ³äü ÿê îêðåìèé æàíð. 4. Îñòàíí³ì ÷àñîì æóðíàë³ñòèêà â³ä÷óâàº ³ñòîòíèé âïëèâ ñîö³îëîã³¿, ó æóðíàë³ñòñüêèé äèñêóðñ âëèâàþòüñÿ íîâ³ ìåòîäè ðîáîòè é íàâ³òü îêðåì³ òåêñòîâ³ ôîðìàòè. Òàê, Î. Òåðòè÷íèé âèä³ëÿº òàê³ æàíðè, ÿê ñîö³îëîã³÷íå ðåçþìå, àíêåòà, ìîí³òîðèíã, ðåéòèíã [12]. ßê áà÷èìî, ñîö³îëîã³÷íå ðåçþìå, àíêåòà òà ìîí³òîðèíã ìàéæå ïîâí³ñòþ ³äåíòè÷í³ çà ôàêòîðàìè æàíðîóòâîðåííÿ. Îñíîâîþ öèõ òåêñòîâèõ ð³çíîâèä³â º ðîáîòà ç³ ñòàòèñòè÷íèìè äàíèìè òà àíêåòóâàííÿ. Âèêîðèñòîâóþ÷è ïðèíöèï «áðèòâè Îêêàìà», çã³äíî ç ÿêèì íå ñë³ä çá³ëüøóâàòè ê³ëüê³ñòü ñóòíîñòåé áåç íåîáõ³äíîñò³, ïðîïîíóºìî îá’ºäíàòè ö³ ð³çíîâèäè ï³ä ºäèíîþ íàçâîþ «ñîö³îëîã³÷íå ðåçþìå». Ðåéòèíã ÿê îêðåìèé æàíð ó òàáëèö³ íå ðîçãëÿíóòî, îñê³ëüêè ìè ââàæàºìî éîãî ñêîð³øå ìåòîäîì îáðîáêè äàíèõ, àí³æ îêðåìèì æàíðîì. ßê åëåìåíò òåêñòó ðåéòèíã ìîæå ñòàíîâèòè âàæëèâó ÷àñòèíó ³íøèõ æàíðîâèõ ôîðì. 5. Ìè ïîãîäæóºìîñü ³ç Ë. Êðîé÷èêîì ùîäî íåäîðå÷íîñò³ âèä³ëåííÿ æàíðîâèõ ð³çíîâèä³â ñïîâ³ä³, âåðñ³¿ òà ïðåñ-ðåë³çó, îäíàê äîòðèìó- ºìîñü ³íøî¿ äóìêè ñòîñîâíî æóðíàë³ñòñüêîãî ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ. Çàëåæíî â³ä ôîðìàòó ïðåñ-ðåë³ç ìîæå ñòàòè àáî çâ³òîì, àáî êîðåñïîíäåíö³ºþ, àáî ðåêëàìíèì òåêñòîì. Ñë³ä íàãàäàòè, ùî àêòèâíå öèòóâàííÿ â æóðíàë³ñòñüêîìó òåêñò³ ïðåñ-ðåë³çó âçàãàë³ ââàæàºòüñÿ äëÿ æóðíàë³ñòàïðàêòèêà íåïðèïóñòèìîþ ïîìèëêîþ. Æàíðîâó ôîðìó «âåðñ³ÿ» ìîæíà ââàæàòè ð³çíîâèäîì îäíîãî ç àíàë³òè÷íèõ æàíð³â. ßê âèäíî ç òàáëèö³, ³ñíóº äâ³ ðîçá³æíîñò³ ì³æ æóðíàë³ñòñüêèì ðîçñë³äóâàííÿì òà ñòàòòåþ — ó ïðåäìåò³ â³äîáðàæåííÿ òà ñòóïåí³ îïîñåðåäêîâàíîñò³ êîíòàêòó ç ä³éñí³ñòþ. Ââàæàºìî öå äîñòàòíüîþ ï³äñòàâîþ äëÿ âèä³ëåííÿ æóðíàë³ñòñüêîãî ðîçñë³äóâàííÿ â îêðåìèé æàíð. 6. Ôàêòîðàìè, ÿê³ óìîæëèâëþþòü ïîä³ë æàíð³â íà ðîäè, íà íàøó äóìêó, ñë³ä ââàæàòè ñòóï³íü îïîñåðåäêîâàíîñò³ êîíòàêòó ç ä³éñí³ñòþ òà îá’ºêòèâí³ñòü â³äòâîðåííÿ ä³éñíîñò³. Ïðîïîíóºìî äâîñòóïåíåâèé ðîçïîä³ë æàíð³â íà ðîäè. Íà ïåðøîìó åòàï³ ïîä³ëèìî æàíðè íà äâ³ ãðóïè çà ôàêòîðîì ñòóï³íü îïîñåðåäêîâàíîñò³ êîíòàêòó ç ä³éñí³ñòþ. Äëÿ öèõ ãðóï ïðîïîíóºìî íàçâè «åìï³ðè÷í³» òà «ðàö³îíàë³ñòè÷í³» ðîäè æàíð³â. Òåðì³íîì «åìï³ðè÷íèé» ó ô³ëîñîô³¿ ïîçíà÷àþòü òå, ùî ñòîñóºòüñÿ ïåðâèííîãî ñïðèéíÿòòÿ ä³éñíîñò³ çà äîïîìîãîþ îðãàí³â â³ä÷óòòÿ. Â³äïîâ³äíî «ðàö³îíàë³ñòè÷íèé» — òîé, ùî ïîâ’ÿçàíèé ç ³íòåëåêòóàëüíîþ îáðîáêîþ åìï³ðè÷íèõ äàíèõ. Íà äðóãîìó åòàï³ ïîä³ëèìî
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3 ÇÌ²ÑÒ ÌÅÄ²À-ÐÅÊËÀ
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5 Òåòÿíà Àíäð³ÿø. Äè
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Í. Êóòóçà. Ïîë³òè÷í
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Ë. Åãîðîâà. Äèñêóðñ
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². Êðóòü. Ìîâà ñó÷àñ
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Ä³àëîã : Ìåä³à-ñòóä
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