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5. ∫ Pn<br />
( x)arcsin<br />
xdx . Öåé ³íòåãðàë ìîæíà âèðàçèòè ÷åðåç<br />
³íòåãðàë<br />
dx<br />
∫ Pm<br />
( x) , m = n+<br />
1,<br />
2<br />
1−<br />
x<br />
ÿêùî ïîêëàñòè arcsin x = u, dv = P n (x)dx.<br />
Àíàëîã³÷íî çíàõîäÿòüñÿ ³íòåãðàëè, ó ÿêèõ ï³ä çíàêîì ³íòåãðàëà<br />
ì³ñòÿòüñÿ ôóíêö³¿ arccos x, arctg x, arcctg x.<br />
ax<br />
6. ∫ e sin bx . Â ðåçóëüòàò³ äâîðàçîâîãî çàñòîñóâàííÿ ìåòîäó<br />
³íòåãðóâàííÿ ÷àñòèíàìè îòðèìàºìî ë³í³éíå ð³âíÿííÿ â³äíîñíî<br />
çàäàíîãî ³íòåãðàëà. Éîãî ðîçâ’ÿçîê äຠøóêàíèé ðåçóëüòàò.<br />
Íàïðèêëàä,<br />
x<br />
x<br />
⎡ sin x = u dv = e dx⎤<br />
x x<br />
∫e sin xdx = ⎢<br />
e sin x e cos xdx<br />
x ⎥ = − ∫<br />
=<br />
⎣du = cos xdx v = e ⎦<br />
x<br />
⎡ cos x = u dv = e dx⎤<br />
x x x<br />
= ⎢<br />
e sin x e cos x e sin xdx<br />
x ⎥ = − − ∫<br />
⇒<br />
⎣du =− sin xdx v = e ⎦<br />
ÂÏÐÀÂÈ<br />
Çíàéòè ³íòåãðàëè.<br />
8.30.<br />
8.33.<br />
x 1 x<br />
⇒ ∫ e sin xdx = e ( sin x− cos x)<br />
+ C .<br />
2<br />
∫ x<br />
3 ln xdx ; 8.31. ∫ arcsin xdx ; 8.32. ∫ xarctg<br />
xdx ;<br />
2 −2x<br />
∫ ( x + 1) e dx ; 8.34.<br />
x<br />
∫ xe dx ; 8.35. ∫ xln( x−1)<br />
dx ;<br />
ax<br />
x<br />
ax<br />
8.36. ∫ e sin bxdx ; 8.37. ∫ e cos xdx ; 8.38. ∫ e cos bxdx .<br />
8.4. ²ÍÒÅÃÐÓÂÀÍÍß ÐÀÖ²ÎÍÀËÜÍÈÕ<br />
ÔÓÍÊÖ²É<br />
8.4.1. Îñíîâí³ ïîíÿòòÿ ïðî ðàö³îíàëüí³ ôóíêö³¿<br />
Äî êëàñó ðàö³îíàëüíèõ ôóíêö³é â³äíîñÿòüñÿ ôóíêö³¿, ÿê³<br />
ìîæíà çîáðàçèòè ó âèãëÿä³ â³äíîøåííÿ äâîõ ìíîãî÷ëåí³â<br />
(äðîáó):<br />
R<br />
mn<br />
( x)<br />
( x)<br />
pm<br />
( x) = ,<br />
q<br />
1<br />
äå ( ) m m−<br />
pm<br />
x = a0x + ax<br />
1<br />
+ ... + am<br />
— ìíîãî÷ëåí ñòåïåíÿ m,<br />
1<br />
( ) n n−<br />
qn<br />
x = b0x + b1x + ... + b — ìíîãî÷ëåí ñòåïåíÿ n. ²íêîëè ðàö³îíàëüí³<br />
ôóíêö³¿ íàçèâàþòü äðîáîâî-ðàö³îíàëüíèìè. Ïðè öüîìó<br />
n<br />
êàæóòü, ùî äð³á º ïðàâèëüíèé, ÿêùî m < n.  ïðîòèâíîìó ðàç³<br />
(m ≥ n) êàæóòü, ùî â³äïîâ³äíèé äð³á º íåïðàâèëüíèé. Ïåâíà ð³÷,<br />
ùî ìíîãî÷ëåíè íàëåæàòü êëàñó ðàö³îíàëüíèõ ôóíêö³é ³ íàçèâàþòüñÿ<br />
âîíè ùå ö³ëèìè ðàö³îíàëüíèìè ôóíêö³ÿìè.  çàãàëüíîìó<br />
âèïàäêó øëÿõîì ä³ëåííÿì “ñòîâï÷èêîì” áóäü-ÿêèé íåïðàâèëüíèé<br />
äð³á ìîæíà çîáðàçèòè ó âèãëÿä³ ñóìè ìíîãî÷ëåíà<br />
³ ïðàâèëüíîãî äðîáó. Òàêèì ÷èíîì, ïðîáëåìà ³íòåãðóâàííÿ<br />
çâîäèòüñÿ äî ³íòåãðóâàííÿ ìíîãî÷ëåí³â ³ ïðàâèëüíèõ äðîá³â.<br />
8.4.2. ²íòåãðóâàííÿ ìíîãî÷ëåí³â<br />
Ö³ëà ðàö³îíàëüíà ôóíêö³ÿ (ìíîãî÷ëåí) ³íòåãðóºòüñÿ áåçïîñåðåäíüî:<br />
n n− 1 a0 n+<br />
1 a1<br />
n<br />
∫( a0x + a1x + K+ an)<br />
dx = x + x + K + anx+<br />
C .<br />
n+<br />
1 n<br />
8.4.3. ²íòåãðóâàííÿ äðîáîâî-ðàö³îíàëüíèõ ôóíêö³é<br />
 ïîâíîìó êóðñ³ âèùî¿ àëãåáðè äîâîäèòüñÿ, ùî ïðàâèëüíèé<br />
ðàö³îíàëüíèé äð³á ðîçêëàäàºòüñÿ íà åëåìåíòàðí³ äîäàíêè,<br />
ÿê³ çàâæäè ³íòåãðóþòüñÿ. Ö³ äîäàíêè ìîæóòü áóòè òàêèõ<br />
äâîõ âèä³â:<br />
A Mx+<br />
N<br />
,<br />
m<br />
2<br />
( x− a) ( x + px+<br />
q)<br />
äå m ³ n — ö³ë³ äîäàòí³ ÷èñëà.<br />
n<br />
n<br />
,<br />
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