Magonjwa ya kuku - 4-H Africa Knowledge Center.
Magonjwa ya kuku - 4-H Africa Knowledge Center.
Magonjwa ya kuku - 4-H Africa Knowledge Center.
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<strong>Magonjwa</strong>(<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>kuku</strong>(((<br />
Muhtasari:(kuenea(<strong>kuku</strong>(magonjwa(kuambukiza(ndege(wengi(katika(kundi(na(kuwa(na(athari(kuporomoka(katika(uzalishaji(na(kiasi(cha(vifo(v<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>.(Kwa(hiyo(ni(muhimu(kujifunza(kuhusu(magonjwa(<strong>ya</strong>(kawaida(hivyo(unaweza(kuamua(matibabu(sahihi(mbinu(kwa(ajili(<strong>ya</strong>(kuambukizwa(ndege(<br />
yoyote.((<br />
Sehemu-muhimu:(Kuzuia(magonjwa(ha<strong>ya</strong>(ni(mara(nyingi(rahisi(zaidi(<strong>ya</strong>(kujaribu(kutibu(na(kudhibiti(<strong>ya</strong>o.(Nzuri(<strong>ya</strong>(usafi(wa(mazingira(katika(nyumba(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>kuku</strong>,(kuosha(viatu(na(nguo(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(kujali(kwa(makundi(mbalimbali(<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>kuku</strong>,(na(ufugaji(mazoea(mazuri(<strong>ya</strong>(kusaidia(ili(kuzuia(ugonjwa(huo(katika(<br />
kundi(lako(<strong>kuku</strong>.((<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Newcastle)Disease(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
Yanayoathiri(virusi(<br />
aina(zote(za(<strong>kuku</strong><br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Miaka(yote<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Kinga&<strong>ya</strong>&ishara:(chaf<strong>ya</strong>,(<br />
gasping(<strong>ya</strong>(hewa,(<br />
kukohoa,(drooping(<br />
mbawa<br />
Ujasiri&matatizo:(<br />
wakasokota(kichwa(/(<br />
shingo,(circling,(<br />
kupooza,(kutetemeka(<br />
misuli<br />
Utumbo&matatizo:(<br />
kijani(watery(kuhara,(<br />
matatizo(<strong>ya</strong><br />
Yai&mabadiliko:(<br />
kushuka(kwa(uzalishaji,(<br />
thinAshelled(ma<strong>ya</strong>i<br />
ishara&nyingine:(uvimbe(<br />
kuzunguka(macho(na(<br />
shingo,(kufa(ghafla<br />
• Hewa(kifuko,(<br />
trachea(<br />
kuvimba<br />
• Umwagaji(<br />
damu(<br />
matangazo(<br />
kwenye(<br />
proventriculus(<br />
au(matumbo,(<br />
au(kuangalia(<br />
maeneo(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>siyokuwa(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
proventriculu,(<br />
utumbo,(na(<br />
tonsil(cecal<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
virusi(v<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
kuenea(katika(<br />
kinyesi(na(kwa(<br />
kukohoa(/(chaf<strong>ya</strong>.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
kupata(virusi(kwa(<br />
kuwasiliana(moja(<br />
kwa(moja(na(<br />
kinyesi(<br />
kuambukizwa(kwa(<br />
chakula,(maji,(au(<br />
takataka<br />
• Ndege(wanaweza(<br />
pia(kuwa(na(<br />
maambukizi(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
inhaling(Droplets(<br />
kupumua((kinga(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
karibu(na(ndege(<br />
walioambukizwa(<br />
ni)<br />
Hakuna<br />
Ukolezi:(Je,(si(kuleta(ndege(<br />
nje(katika(kondoo;(wala(<br />
matumizi(<strong>ya</strong>(bidhaa(ambayo(<br />
kuja(katika(kuwasiliana(na(<br />
ndege(nyingine.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(Ondoa(<br />
na(kuharibu(ndege(<br />
wagonjwa,(kushika(wadudu(<br />
nje(<strong>ya</strong>(kuwasiliana(na(kundi.<br />
Yote&katika&yote;out:(Keep(<br />
umri(mmoja(tu(katika(<br />
shamba(kwa(wakati(mmoja,(<br />
Je,(si(<strong>kuku</strong>bali(ndege(wa(<br />
af<strong>ya</strong>(haijulikani.<br />
Chanjo:(Tatu(tofauti(chanjo(<br />
za(kutosha(na(kupungua(<br />
kwa(kiasi(cha(ugonjwa(kwa(<br />
kundi.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Coccidiosis(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
Vimelea(kwamba(<br />
uharibifu(wa(<br />
matumbo(<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>kuku</strong><br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Vijana(ndege<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Kula&na&uzito:(si(kula(<br />
vizuri,(si(kupata(uzito<br />
Utumbo&matatizo:(<br />
kuharisha((inaweza(<br />
kuwa(umwagaji(damu),(<br />
upungufu(wa(maji(<br />
mwilini<br />
Kifo:(Baadhi(<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
inaweza(kufa.<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
vimelea(v<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
ndege(kuenea(<br />
katika(kinyesi.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
kupata(<br />
kuambukizwa(<br />
kwa(kula(kinyesi(<br />
juu,(v<strong>ya</strong>kula(<br />
uchafu,(nk<br />
A(high(dozi(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(madawa(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(kulev<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
unaweza(<br />
kuongezwa(<br />
kwa(kulisha(<br />
kuua(<br />
vimelea.<br />
Kuongeza&madawa&<strong>ya</strong>&<br />
kulisha:(Nipe(<strong>kuku</strong>(<br />
kipimo(cha(chini(cha(<br />
madawa(<strong>ya</strong>(kulev<strong>ya</strong>(na(<br />
kuweka(viwango(kwa(<br />
vimelea(v<strong>ya</strong>(chini.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(<br />
Keep(vifaranga,(lishe,(na(<br />
maji(mbali(na(kinyesi,(<br />
kuondokana(na(pan<strong>ya</strong>;(<br />
kuepuka(msongamano(<br />
wa(ndege,(kuweka(<br />
takataka(kavu(na(<br />
kuondoa(madoa(mvua.<br />
Binadamu&usafi:(Osha(<br />
buti(na(nguo(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
sheds(sababu(binadamu(<br />
wanaweza(kuleta(<br />
vimelea(kumwaga(<br />
mmoja(na(mwingine.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Marek’s)Disease(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(virusi(ambayo(<br />
inaweza(<br />
kusababisha(<br />
magonjwa(<br />
mbalimbali(na(kifo(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong><br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Kuku(umri(<br />
kati(<strong>ya</strong>(miaka(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(12(na(24(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
wiki<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Uhamaji:(Delvis(au(<br />
kabisa(hawawezi((<br />
kusonga:(inaweza(<br />
kuathiri(miguu,(mbawa,(<br />
au(shingo<br />
Kupoteza(uzito,(<br />
kupoteza(uzito<br />
Upofu:(hasara(<strong>ya</strong>(mbele(<br />
jicho<br />
• Kubwa(kuliko(<br />
neva(kawaida(<br />
kwa(miguu(au(<br />
mbawa<br />
• Grey(au(madoa(<br />
meupe(katika(<br />
ini,(wengu,(<br />
mafigo,(mapafu,(<br />
makende,(ovari,(<br />
moyo,(au(misuli<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
virusi(v<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
kuwa(katika(<br />
mavumbi(<strong>ya</strong>o(<br />
feather.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
ni(kuambukizwa(<br />
na(kinga(katika(<br />
feather(vumbi.<br />
Hakuna<br />
Chanjo:(Chanjo(ni(<br />
madhubuti.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(<br />
Mazoezi(nzuri(<strong>ya</strong>(usafi(<br />
katika(sheds.<br />
Yote&katika&yote&nje:(<br />
Keep(moja(tu(umri(wa(<br />
ndege(wa(sasa(wakati(<br />
wowote(katika(shamba.<br />
Manyo<strong>ya</strong>:(uvimbe(<br />
katika(ngozi(ambapo(<br />
manyo<strong>ya</strong>(kuibuka<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
<strong>Magonjwa</strong>)<strong>ya</strong>)kuambukiza)Bursal)(Gmboro)<strong>Magonjwa</strong>)(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(virusi(<br />
vinavyoshambulia(<br />
mfumo(wa(kinga(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>kuku</strong><br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Kati(<strong>ya</strong>(umri(wa(<br />
wiki(4A6<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Wagonjwa&<br />
ndege:(huzuni,(si(<br />
kula(vizuri,(<br />
manyo<strong>ya</strong>(ruffled,(<br />
kujificha,(si(<br />
kusonga(kote,(<br />
kufumba(macho(<br />
Matumbo:(<br />
watery(nyeupe(<br />
kuhara,(soiled(<br />
matundu<br />
Kufa:(ghafla(kufa<br />
Kuvimba(au(Bursa(<br />
kubwa<br />
Spots(umwagaji(<br />
damu(katika(misuli(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>(mguu<br />
Kuvimba(mafigo<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
virusi(v<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
kuwa(katika(<br />
feces(<strong>ya</strong>.<br />
• Virusi(anaweza(<br />
kuishi(kwa(muda(<br />
wa(miezi(katika(<br />
nyumba(za(<strong>kuku</strong>(<br />
na(kinyesi.<br />
• Hakuna(tiba(nzuri<br />
• Virutubisho(<br />
kuongeza,(<br />
kuboresha(<br />
upatikanaji(wa(<br />
maji<br />
Chanjo:(Chanjo(kwa(<br />
wiki(6A8(zamani,(na(<br />
tena(katika(umri(wa(<br />
wiki(18.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(<br />
Mazoezi(yote(katika(<br />
yote(nje(mbinu((umri(<br />
mmoja(tu,(<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
ni(sasa(wakati(<br />
wowote(katika(<br />
shamba),(na(<br />
disinfect(sheds(safi,(<br />
vifaa,(na(zana.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Mafua)<strong>ya</strong>)ndege(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(virusi(unaweza(<br />
kufanyika(katika(<br />
ndege(aina(nyingi<br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Wote<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Kifo:(Waliofariki(wengi(<br />
ghafla(katika(kundi,(au(<br />
ndege(kuonekana(<br />
utulivu(na(huzuni<br />
Kinga,(kukohoa,(kupiga(<br />
chaf<strong>ya</strong><br />
Uvimbe:(ngozi(chini(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
macho(shavu(la(jogoo,(<br />
na(anasafisha(inaweza(<br />
kugeuka(bluu(au(<br />
nyekundu(sana<br />
Ma<strong>ya</strong>i:(ghafla(kushuka(<br />
kwa(uzalishaji,(lainiA<br />
shelled(au(shellAchini(<br />
ma<strong>ya</strong>i<br />
Matumbo:(kuhara<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
virusi(v<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
kuenea(katika(<br />
kinyesi(na(kwa(<br />
kukohoa(/(<br />
chaf<strong>ya</strong>.<br />
• Mwitu(ndege(<br />
wanaweza(<br />
kuleta(virusi(<br />
kama(<br />
kuwasiliana(na(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
mgonjwa(wakati(<br />
kupumua(kwa(<br />
virusi,(au(kula(<br />
chakula(au(maji(<br />
ambayo(imegusa(<br />
feces(<strong>ya</strong>.<br />
• Binadamu(<br />
wanaweza(<br />
kusafirisha(virusi(<br />
viatu,(vifaa,(na(<br />
nguo.<br />
Hakuna<br />
Ukolezi:(Keep(ndege(wa(<br />
pori(kutoka(kuwasiliana(<br />
na(<strong>kuku</strong>.<br />
Cull:(Ondoa(ndege(<br />
wagonjwa(mara(moja.<br />
Binadamu&usafi:(Osha(<br />
buti(na(nguo(za(kubadili(<br />
kati(sheds(au(<br />
mashamba.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Pullorum)<strong>Magonjwa</strong>(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(bakteria(ambayo(<br />
inaweza(<br />
kuhamisha(kutoka(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>(na(ma<strong>ya</strong>i<br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Vifaranga(<br />
kutoka(<br />
kutotolewa(<br />
kwa(wiki(3(<br />
zamani<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Kifo:(waliokufa(katika(<br />
shell(au(muda(mfupi(<br />
baada(<strong>ya</strong>(kuzaliwa<br />
Utumbo:(nyeupe(<br />
kuharisha(na(pasted(<br />
vent<br />
Wagonjwa&ndege:(<br />
ruffled(manyo<strong>ya</strong>,(<br />
huddle(karibu(na(joto(<br />
chanzo,(dhaifu(au(<br />
usingizi(vifaranga<br />
• Watu(wazima(<br />
walioambukizwa(<br />
wala(kuangalia(<br />
wagonjwa,(lakini(<br />
bakteria(ni(<br />
kupitishwa(kwa(<br />
vifaranga(v<strong>ya</strong>ke(<br />
ndani(<strong>ya</strong>(<strong>ya</strong>i.<br />
• Vifaranga(<br />
kuambukizwa(<br />
vimelea(kuenea(<br />
katika(kinyesi.<br />
• Vifaranga(<br />
nyingine(<br />
mgonjwa(wakati(<br />
kugusa(kinyesi(<br />
<strong>ya</strong>.<br />
Hakuna<br />
Kitambulisho:&Kuna(ni(<br />
kipimo(cha(damu(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
kupata(ndege(<br />
walioambukizwa.<br />
Cull:(Lazima(kuondoa(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>(walioambukizwa.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Ndege)<strong>ya</strong>)matumbo(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(bakteria(ambayo(<br />
inaweza(<br />
kusababisha(<br />
ugonjwa(huo(<br />
katika(miaka(yote<br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Vifaranga(na(<br />
poults,(lakini(<br />
hasa(kwa(<br />
ndege(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
watu(wazima<br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Vifaranga:(Ugonjwa(<br />
inaonekana(kama(<br />
Pullorum(ugonjwa<br />
Wagonjwa&watu&&<br />
Wazima&ndege:(ruffled(<br />
manyo<strong>ya</strong>,(huzuni,(si(<br />
kusonga(kote<br />
Utumbo:&kuhara<br />
Kula:(kula(na(kunywa(<br />
chini,(kupoteza(uzito(<br />
kawaida<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
ndege(kuenea(<br />
bakteria(katika(<br />
kinyesi.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
mgonjwa(wakati(<br />
wao(kula(kinyesi(<br />
kuwa(ni(katika(<br />
chakula(au(maji.<br />
• Bakteria(pia(<br />
anaweza(kuishi(<br />
katika(kinyesi(<br />
kwenye(ndege(<br />
waliokufa,(viatu,(<br />
nguo,(au(vifaa.<br />
Hakuna<br />
Kitambulisho:A(kupima(<br />
damu(inapatikana(<br />
kutambua(ndege(<br />
kuambukizwa(kwamba(<br />
bado(ni(mgonjwa.<br />
Cull:(Makundi(<strong>ya</strong>(ndege(<br />
mtihani(chan<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
wanapaswa(kuondolewa(<br />
kutoka(kundi.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(<br />
Ondoa(ndege(waliokufa(<br />
na(kuwaweka(mbali(na(<br />
shamba.<br />
Kuonekana:(rangi(na(<br />
ndogo(anasafisha(na(<br />
shavu(la(jogoo<br />
Binadamu&usafi:(Osha(<br />
buti(na(nguo(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
sheds(hivyo(feces(hana(<br />
uhamisho(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
makundi(<strong>ya</strong>(ndege.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
Campylobacteriosis(<br />
Kusababisha<br />
A(bakteria(katika(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>(<br />
vinavyosababisha(<br />
kuharisha(kwa(<br />
binadamu<br />
Umri)<br />
walioathirika<br />
Miaka(yote(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong><br />
Dalili)(Hai) Dalili)(Wafu) Maambukizi Matibabu Kuzuia<br />
Kuonekana:(Ndege(<br />
anaweza(kuambukizwa(<br />
na(sio(kuonekana(<br />
wagonjwa.<br />
• Kuambukizwa(<br />
ndege(kueneza(<br />
bakteria(katika(<br />
kinyesi.<br />
• Ndege(nyingine(<br />
kupata(bakteria(<br />
kula(chakula(au(<br />
maji(machafu.<br />
Hakuna.<br />
Kushika(<br />
ugonjwa(huu(<br />
nje(<strong>ya</strong>(kundi(<br />
ili(watu(kula(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>(si(<br />
kupata(<br />
wagonjwa.<br />
Usafi&wa&mazingira:(<br />
Hakikisha(maji(safi(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
kunywa;(kudhibiti(<br />
pan<strong>ya</strong>,(safi(na(disinfect(<br />
<strong>kuku</strong>(nyumba(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
makundi,(kuondoa(maiti(<br />
ndege(na(kuondoa(mbali(<br />
na(shamba(<strong>kuku</strong>.<br />
Binadamu&usafi:(Osha(<br />
mikono(mara(kwa(mara;(<br />
buti(kunawa(na(<br />
kubadilisha(nguo(kati(<strong>ya</strong>(<br />
maeneo(<strong>ya</strong>(ndege.<br />
The 4-H Global <strong>Knowledge</strong> <strong>Center</strong>
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