vpliv projektov prepreÄevanja rabe alkohola v osnovni Å¡oli na rabo ...
vpliv projektov prepreÄevanja rabe alkohola v osnovni Å¡oli na rabo ...
vpliv projektov prepreÄevanja rabe alkohola v osnovni Å¡oli na rabo ...
You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles
YUMPU automatically turns print PDFs into web optimized ePapers that Google loves.
Vpliv <strong>projektov</strong> preprečevanja <strong>rabe</strong> <strong>alkohola</strong> v <strong>osnovni</strong> šoli <strong>na</strong> <strong>rabo</strong> <strong>alkohola</strong> med učenci<br />
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________<br />
Kazalo:<br />
UVOD ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9<br />
ALKOHOL JE DROGA ....................................................................................................................................... 11<br />
1.1 Droge ................................................................................................................................................. 11<br />
1.2 Alkohol .............................................................................................................................................. 12<br />
1. 2. 1 Zgodovi<strong>na</strong> <strong>na</strong>stanka alkoholnih pijač .................................................................................................... 14<br />
1. 2. 2 Alkohol v starem veku ...................................................................................................................... 14<br />
1. 2. 3 Alkohol v srednjem veku .................................................................................................................. 15<br />
1. 2. 4 »Epidemija gi<strong>na</strong>« v Angliji in prohibicija v Ameriki ....................................................................... 16<br />
1.3 Uporaba oz. raba in/ali zloraba drog .................................................................................................. 18<br />
1.4 Zasvojenost in odvisnost .................................................................................................................... 20<br />
1.5 Odnos odraslih in mladostnikov do <strong>alkohola</strong> ..................................................................................... 21<br />
1.6 Vzroki za škodljivo pitje <strong>alkohola</strong> ..................................................................................................... 23<br />
2 MLADOSTNIŠTVO OZ. ADOLESCENCA .............................................................................................. 26<br />
2.1 Z<strong>na</strong>čilnosti mladostništva oziroma adolescence ................................................................................ 26<br />
2.1.1 Razvojne <strong>na</strong>loge v mladostništvu .................................................................................................. 28<br />
2.1.2 Telesni razvoj ................................................................................................................................ 28<br />
2.1.3 Socialnoemocio<strong>na</strong>lni razvoj ter razvoj psiholoških potreb ............................................................ 29<br />
2.2 Druži<strong>na</strong> ............................................................................................................................................... 30<br />
2.3 Vrstniki .............................................................................................................................................. 32<br />
3 RABA ALKOHOLA MED ODRASLIMI IN MLADINO V SLOVENIJI IN V EVROPI ........................ 34<br />
3.1 Poraba <strong>alkohola</strong> med odraslimi .......................................................................................................... 34<br />
3.2 Raba <strong>alkohola</strong> med mladimi – raziskava ESPAD ............................................................................. 35<br />
4 NEVARNOSTI IN TVEGANJA, KI JIH POVZROČA RABA ALKOHOLA PRI ODRASLIH IN<br />
MLADOSTNIKIH ................................................................................................................................................ 52<br />
4.1 Dejavniki tveganja in varovalni dejavniki povezani z <strong>rabo</strong> drog pri mladih ...................................... 56<br />
4.2 Klasifikacija dejavnikov tveganja povezani z <strong>rabo</strong> drog pri mladih .................................................. 57<br />
5 PREVENTIVA NA PODROČJU RABE ALKOHOLA PRI MLADOSTNIKIH ....................................... 61<br />
5.1 Modeli ukrepov, <strong>na</strong> katerih temeljijo politike preprečevanja (zlo)<strong>rabe</strong> drog ..................................... 63<br />
5.1.1 Zmanjševanje škode ...................................................................................................................... 65<br />
5.1.1.1 Temelj<strong>na</strong> izhodišča pristopa zmanjševanja škode................................................................ 66<br />
5.2 Šola kot osrednji prostor preventive <strong>rabe</strong> drog .................................................................................. 68<br />
5.3 Omejevanje škodljivega uživanja <strong>alkohola</strong> in preprečevanje škodljivih posledic <strong>rabe</strong> <strong>alkohola</strong> v<br />
Sloveniji ........................................................................................................................................................... 71<br />
5.3.1 Politika do <strong>alkohola</strong> in politič<strong>na</strong> orodja <strong>na</strong> <strong>na</strong>cio<strong>na</strong>lni ravni ......................................................... 72<br />
5.3.1.1 Zakon o omejevanju po<strong>rabe</strong> <strong>alkohola</strong> – ZOPA (2003) ........................................................ 72<br />
5.3.1.2 Zakon o medijih – ZMed ..................................................................................................... 74<br />
5.3.1.3 Resolucija o <strong>na</strong>cio<strong>na</strong>lnem programu varnosti cestnega prometa za obdobje 2007 – 2011 –<br />
ReNPVCP (2007) ................................................................................................................................... 75<br />
5.3.1.4 Zakon o varnosti cestnega prometa – ZVCP (2004) ............................................................ 76<br />
5.3.1.5 Resolucija o <strong>na</strong>cio<strong>na</strong>lnem programu <strong>na</strong> področju drog 2004-2009 ..................................... 77<br />
5.3.2 Preventivne dejavnosti <strong>na</strong> področju preprečevanja škodljivih posledic uživanja alkoholnih pijač<br />
med mladimi ................................................................................................................................................ 79<br />
5.3.2.1 Slovenska mreža zdravih šol ................................................................................................ 80<br />
5.3.2.2 Alkohol Starši lahko <strong>vpliv</strong>amo .......................................................................................... 83<br />
5.3.2.3 Sporočilo v steklenici .......................................................................................................... 84<br />
5.3.2.4 Z glavo <strong>na</strong> zabavo ................................................................................................................ 85<br />
5.3.2.5 Mislim s svojo glavo ............................................................................................................ 86<br />
6 EMPIRIČNA ANALIZA ............................................................................................................................ 87<br />
6.1 Raziskovalni problem ........................................................................................................................ 87<br />
6.1.1 Raziskoval<strong>na</strong> vprašanja ................................................................................................................. 87<br />
6.1.2 Hipoteze ........................................................................................................................................ 89<br />
6.2 Metodologija ...................................................................................................................................... 91<br />
6.2.1 Osnov<strong>na</strong> raziskoval<strong>na</strong> metoda ....................................................................................................... 91<br />
6.2.2 Vzorec in osnov<strong>na</strong> množica .......................................................................................................... 91<br />
6.2.3 Postopek zbiranja podatkov........................................................................................................... 93<br />
6.2.4 Obdelava podatkov ........................................................................................................................ 94<br />
7 REZULTATI IN INTERPRETACIJA ........................................................................................................ 95<br />
7.1 Preverjanje hipotez ............................................................................................................................. 95<br />
5