flrEcj 2011

uwru
çfrfcac
flrEcj 2011

eskky; ¼f'kykax½ ds lqçfl) i;ZVd LFky ekSfyuksax xzke]
ftls ,d ^vkn'kZ xzke* ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gS] esa çkÑfrd
ouLifr ds :i esa lajf{kr j[kh xbZ dkQh iqjkuh taxyh
e'k:e ¼Qaxl½
fp= lkStU; & Jh HkkysUnq Hkw"k.k f}osnh

uwru çfrfcac
Hkkjrh; laln
jkT; lHkk lfpoky;
jktHkk"kk çHkkx
lalnh; lkS/k] ubZ fnYyh
laj{kd
Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h
egklfpo] jkT; lHkk
ç/kku laiknd
xksfcUn yky
laiknd
pUæ 'ks[kj feJ
laiknd eaMy
chjsUæ dqekj
lqy{k.kk 'kekZ
vkse çdk'k
egs'k pUæ frokjh
fnus'k pUæ 'kekZ
o"kZ % 6] vad % 6
flrEcj] 2011
ijke'kZnkrk eaMy
Jh ,u- lh- tks'kh] lfpo
Jherh oanuk xxZ] vij lfpo
Jh ,u- ds- flag] la;qDr lfpo
eqæ.k eaMy
ljkst 'kekZ
,u- lh- 'kekZ
lUrks"k uklk
jkenso 'kekZ
laikndh; irk
239] lalnh; lkS/k] ubZ fnYyh&110001
nwjHkk"k % 23034239] 23012522] 23016431
bZ-esy % cs.mishra@sansad.nic.in
^uwru çfrfcac* if=dk esa çdkf'kr lkexzh esa O;Dr fopkj vkSj rF; ys[kdksa ds vius gSaA jkT; lHkk lfpoky;
vFkok laiknd eaMy dk muls lger gksuk vko';d ugha gS vkSj u gh os mlds mÙkjnk;h gSaA
© jkT; lHkk lfpoky;

fo"k;&lwph
1- lnL; vFkok lnL;k dks mlds jktuhfrd ny ls fu"dkflr 1&8
fd, tkus ds fufgrkFkZ
Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h
2- rsy ekfQ;k dk dkyk dkjksckj % dsjksflu dh dkykcktkjh 9&12
Mk- Kku çdk'k fiykfu;k
3- x+T+ky 13
mn; çrki flag
4- i`Foh lwDr & ,d ifjp; 14&16
ujs'k pUæ tks'kh
5- eks{k iFk 17
'kqHkJh ikf.kxzkgh
6- jkT; lHkk vkSj efgyk l'kfDrdj.k 18&35
lR; ukjk;.k lkgw
7- iwoksZÙkj dk xguk & f'kykax dk D;k dguk 36&40
HkkysUnq Hkw"k.k f}osnh
8- lrjaxh çse ygfj;k¡ 41
czt eksgu vjksM+k
9- gSfl;r 42
lfjrk 'kekZ
10- ;a=kuqokn ^ea=* & jkT; lHkk ifj;kstuk 43&48
lat; dqekj [kqlhZtk
11- vkt dh larku 49
lqjs'k dqekj

12- fdLlk xkao dk 50&55
txUukFk çlkn eSBk.kh
13- ckdh lc Bhd-Bkd gS 56
czt eksgu vjksM+k
14- mn; çrki flag & ,d çsjd O;fDrRo 57&61
vkeksn dqekj flag
15- vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a 62
nso vkuUn
16- ekvks-uDly leL;k vkSj lek/kku 63&65
eks- lykeqíhu
17- fu;fr 66&67
t; 'kadj mik/;k;
18- oks ikap fnu 68&73
uhjt ctkt
19- fT+kUnxh rqe D;k gks 74&75
lat; dqekj [kqlhZtk
20- deT+kksj 76
lfjrk 'kekZ
21- i;kZoj.k 77
jke fcykl lSuh
22- d;wZ +
78&83
eks- lykeqíhu
23- xhr 97
t; 'kadj mik/;k;

24- ekSr dk Mj 98&99
lquhy flag fc"V
25- vuqHkwfr;ka 100
gj çrhd vk;Z
26- esjh jsy ;k=k 101&104
xq# nr tks'kh
27- eT+knwj vkSj fdlku 105
jktsaæ frokjh
28- tkWtZ lksan 106&110
lfjrk 'kekZ
29- tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrk 111
/kesZUæ eksgys
30- uhan vkSj tkxj.k 112&115
fofiu dqekj
31- cs'kdherh cky 116
t; 'kadj ikaMs;
32- ckmUMªh ykbu 117&130
vuqt dqekj
33- jpwaxk dky ds iUuksa ij dfork 131
c`ts'k dqekj R;kxh
34- fgeky; dh xksn esa 132&134
eukst dqekj
35- cnyrs nkSj esa fnYyh 135&138
ds-ds- Hkkj}kt

36- thou ,d yEgk 139
jktsUæ flag 'ks[kkor
37- O;kikj dh ubZ txg % VªSfQd flXuy 140&141
jtuh'k nqcs
38- çÑfr dh j{kk djuk gh gekjk /keZ gS 142&143
pk# pUæ ikaMs;
39- vk/kqfudrk 144
Hkxoku flag fyaxoky
40- okg js] ge balkuksa dh fQrjr 145&146
fofiu dqekj
41- pwgk ej x;k 147
xq# nÙk tks'kh
42- y[kuÅ dh iraxckt+h 148&150
ijost+ gqlSu

lHkkifr] jkT; lHkk
lans'k
eq>s ;g tkudj vR;ar [kq'kh gS fd jkT; lHkk lfpoky; }kjk okf"kZd if=dk ‘uwru çfrfcac’
ds NBs vad dk çdk'ku fd;k tk jgk gSA
‘uwru çfrfcac’ dk çdk'ku fganh Hkk"kk ds çpkj-çlkj esa ,d egRoiw.kZ dne gSA bl if=dk
esa ladfyr fofo/k lkexzh mikns;] Kkuo/kZd ,oa euksjatd gSA ;g if=dk gekjs lkalnksa vkSj
lfpoky; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dks vius fopkjksa rFkk Hkkoukvksa dks çdV djus dk eap
çnku djrh gSA
eSa bl if=dk ds ek/;e ls lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa ,oa deZpkfj;ksa dks viuh gkfnZd 'kqHkdkeuk,¡
çsf"kr djrk gw¡A
ubZ fnYyh
02 vxLr] 2011 ¼eks- gkfen valkjh½

milHkkifr] jkT; lHkk
lans'k
^uwru çfrfcac* ds NBs vad dk çdk'ku] fu%lansg] ,d xkSjo'kkyh ijEijk ds fujarj vxzlj
gksus dk lq[kn ladsr gSA ços'kkad ls ysdj orZeku vad rd bl if=dk us fur ubZ Åapkb;ksa dks
Nqvk gSA
jkT; lHkk lfpoky; esa jktHkk"kk fganh ds çpkj-çlkj dh fn'kk esa ljkguh; dk;Z gks jgk
gSA blh dM+h esa] gekjs ekuuh; lkalnksa] lfpoky; esa dk;Zjr cgqeq[kh çfrHkk ds /kuh vf/kdkfj;ksa
,oa deZpkfj;ksa dh ekSfyd jpukvksa ls lqlfTtr gksdj çdkf'kr gksus okyh if=dk ^uwru çfrfcac*
,d cgqr gh Lrjh; if=dk cu xbZ gSA fofHkUu fganh lsoh laLFkkvksa }kjk le;-le; ij bl if=dk
dks iqjLÑr Hkh fd;k tkrk jgk gSA bu miyfC/k;ksa ds fy, laiknd -eaMy rFkk jpukdkjksa dks
dksfV'k% c/kkb;kaA
^uwru çfrfcac* dk orZeku vad Hkh vR;ar #fpdj vkSj Lrjh; gS tks fd] fu%lansg] lq/kh
ikBdksa dks vo'; ilan vk,xkA if=dk dk ;g vad Hkh lkfgfR;d xfy;kjksa esa ldkjkRed ppkZ
dk fo"k; cus] ;gh esjh 'kqHksPNk ,oa dkeuk gSA
ubZ fnYyh
28 tqykbZ] 2011 ¼ds- jgeku [kku½

egklfpo] jkT; lHkk
lans'k
^uwru çfrfcac* ds NBs vad dk çdk'ku vR;Ur g"kZ dk fo"k; gSA ^uwru çfrfcac* ,d ,slk
lk>k eap gS ftlesa gekjs ekuuh; lkalnx.k rFkk lfpoky; ds vf/kdkjh vkSj deZpkjh thou ds
çfr rFkk lelkef;d fo"k;ksa ds lanHkZ esa vius-vius n`f"Vdks.k rFkk fopkjksa dks vfHkO;fDr çnku
djrs gSaA ;gh fo'ks"krk bl if=dk dks ,d fof'k"V vk;ke çnku djrh gSA
^uwru çfrfcac* esa lkfgR; dh vusd fo/kkvksa ;Fkk] ys[k] dfork] fuca/k] laLej.k] vkfn dk
lekos'k gksrk gSA ;gh fofo/krk if=dk dh lkexzh vkSj dF; dh xq.koÙkk dks 'kh"kZLrjh; cuk nsrh
gSA if=dk ds foxr ikapksa vad lHkh n`f"Vdks.kksa ls cstksM+ jgs gSaA fofo/k lkfgfR;d eapksa ij ^uwru
çfrfcac* esa çdkf'kr jpukvksa dks ljkgk x;k gS ,oa bl if=dk dks iqjLÑr Hkh fd;k x;k gSA ,sls
esa LokHkkfod gS fd lq/kh ikBdksa dks blds NBs vad esa çdkf'kr jpukvksa ls Hkh dkQh + vis{kk,a gSaA
eq>s iw.kZ vk'kk gh ugha oju~ ;g n`

laikndh;
jkT; lHkk lfpoky; dh okf"kZd fganh if=dk ^uwru çfrfcac* dk
NBk vad çLrqr djrs gq, eq>s vikj g"kZ dk vuqHko gks jgk gSA ekuuh;
egklfpo] Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h ds lqfoK ekxZn'kZu esa ;g if=dk
fujUrj çxfr dh vksj vxzlj gSA
^uwru çfrfcac* jktHkk"kk fganh ds çpkj-çlkj esa vfHko`f) djus dk ,d lkFkZd vkSj LrqR;
ç;kl gSA lkexzh dh xq.koÙkk ,oa fofo/krk dh n`f"V ls ^uwru çfrfcac* ,d mPp dksfV dh fganh
if=dk gSA jk"Vªh; Lrj dh fofHkUu fganh lsoh laLFkkvksa }kjk bl if=dk dks iqjLÑr fd;k tkuk
bl ckr dk çR;{k çek.k gSA fiNys lHkh vadksa dh Hkkafr bl vad esa Hkh dfork] dgkuh] laLej.k]
ys[k] ;k=k-o.kZu] bR;kfn tSlh dbZ lkfgfR;d fo/kkvksa dks lekfo"V fd;k x;k gSA
,d lk>k eap ds :i esa bl if=dk esa ekuuh; lkalnksa ,oa lfpoky; ds vf/kdkfj;ksa@deZpkfj;ksa
dh ekSfyd jpukvksa dks ,d leku LFkku çkIr gqvk gSA if=dk dh ;gh fo'ks"krk jkT; lHkk
lfpoky; ls tqM+s vfr fof'k"V O;fDr;ksa] vf/kdkfj;ksa rFkk deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d-nwljs ds vkSj fudV
ykrh gS rFkk Þolq/kSo dqVqEcde~ß dh Hkkouk dks ewrZ :i nsrh gSA bl çdkj] ;g if=dk ,d lkFk
dbZ Kkr-vKkr mís';ksa dh iwfrZ djrh gSA lfpoky; ds lq/kh ikBdksa }kjk ^uwru çfrfcac* ds u,
vad dh mRlqdrk ls çrh{kk fd;k tkuk Hkh bl if=dk dh yksdfç;rk dks n'kkZrk gSA
if=dk dk mRÑ"V Lrj fu%lansg :i ls jkT; lHkk ds ekuuh; lHkkifr] ekuuh; milHkkifr
,oa egklfpo egksn; ds fof'k"V ;ksxnku dk gh çfrQy gSA eSa mudk vR;ar vkHkkjh gwa fd mUgksaus
lnSo viuh 'kqHkdkeuk,a çsf"kr djds gesa Hkjiwj çksRlkgu fn;k gSA ekuuh; egklfpo egksn; çfr
o"kZ viuh jpukvksa ds ek/;e ls viuk ;ksxnku nsdj lHkh dk mRlkgo/kZu djrs gSaA eSa mu lHkh
dks gkfnZd /kU;okn nsrk gwa ftUgksaus bl if=dk ds çdk'ku esa çR;{k vFkok ijks{k :i ls viuk
cgqewY; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA eq>s vk'kk gS fd Hkfo"; esa Hkh gesa vkidk blh çdkj dk vewY; ,oa
l`tukRed ;ksxnku feyrk jgsxk vkSj ^uwru çfrfcac* if=dk vuNqbZ Åapkb;ksa rd igqap ik,xhA
gesa vkids lq>koksa dh lnSo çrh{kk jgsxhA orZeku vad Hkh vkidks ilan vk,] blh mEehn ds lkFkA
'kqHkdkeukvksa lfgrA
¼xksfcUn yky½

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lnL; vFkok lnL;k dks mlds jktuhfrd ny
ls fu"dkflr fd, tkus ds fufgrkFkZ 1
& Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h
çLrkouk
1- ,d l'kDr nyh;
ç.kkyh ,d xfr'khy çtkra=
dk çek.k&fpUg gksrh gS
rFkk jktuhfrd ny mu
lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ laLFkkvksa
dk va'k gksrs gSa tks çtkrkaf=d çfØ;kvksa dk
fu/kkZj.k djrh gSa vkSj mUgsa lqn`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lgorhZ fufgrkFkks± ds ckjs esa ns'k ds dkuwu] U;kf;d
fu.kZ;ksa rFkk lHkk dh ifjikfV;ksa vkSj iwoZorhZ kVukvksa
ds lko/kkuhiwoZd fo'ys"k.k ls irk py ldrk gSA
fdlh lnL;@lnL;k dks mlds ny ls
fu"dkflr fd, tkus dk lHkk esa mldh
lnL;rk ij çHkko
3- bl eqís dk Hkkjr ds ny&cny fojks/kh
dkuwu ls çR;{k laca/k gS tks lafo/kku ¼52oka
la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e] 1985 }kjk çpkfyr gqvk FkkA
bl vf/kfu;e ds ek/;e ls lafo/kku esa ,d ubZ
vuqlwph ¼nloha vuqlwph½ dks tksM+k x;k gS] ftlesa
dfri; ,sls mica/k fd, x, gSa tks fdlh lnL;
ds mlds vius jktuhfrd ny ls ny-cny djus
ds vk/kkj ij laln vkSj jkT; fo/kku eaMyksa dh
lnL;rk ds fy, fujgrkZvksa ls lacaf/kr gSA ijUrq
bl vuqlwph esa ml fLFkfr ls fuiVus ds fy, dksbZ
mica/k ugha fd;k x;k gS tc fdlh lnL; dks
mlds ny }kjk fu"dkflr dj fn;k tkrk gSA
lafo/kku ¼52oka la'kks/ku½ fo/ks;d tc yksd lHkk esa
iqj%LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk rks mlesa fu"dkflr
lnL; dks fujgZr Bgjkus ds laca/k esa ,d mica/k
FkkA rFkkfi] iqufoZpkj fd, tkus ds i'pkr~ ;g
eglwl fd;k x;k fd pwafd fu"dklu ,d jktuhfrd
ekeyk gS] vr% mls çLrkfor dkuwu ds nk;js ls
ckgj j[kk tkuk pkfg,A blfy,] yksd lHkk esa
fo/ks;d dks ikfjr djrs le; ml mica/k dks gVk
fn;k x;kA vr,o] fdlh lnL;@lnL;k dks
mlds jktuhfrd ny] ftldk og lnL;
Fkk@ftldh og lnL;k Fkh] ls fu"dkflr dj
fn, tkus ds i'pkr~ lHkk esa ml laln lnL; ds
in vkSj mldh fLFkfr ij dksbZ çR;{k çHkko ugha
iM+rk gSA
4- fdlh lnL;@lnL;k ds mlds jktuhfrd
ny@nyksa ls fu"dklu ds çHkko ls lacaf/kr eqís dk
nloha yksd lHkk ds nkSjku rRdkyhu yksd lHkk
¼gkml vkWQ fn ihiqYl½ v/;{k Jh f'kojkt ohikfVy
}kjk turk ny ds ,d ekeys esa 1 twu]
1993 dks fn, x, vius fu.kZ; esa fujkdj.k fd;k
x;k FkkA mUgksaus ;g leqfDr dh fd] ß;g dguk
mfpr vkSj oS/k ugha gS fd ;fn fdlh lnL; dks
ny dh çkFkfed lnL;rk ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k
tkrk gS] rks og fo/kkf;dk dh viuh lnL;rk [kks
nsrk gS---A pwafd lafo/kku dh vuqlwph ;k mlds
fdlh vU; Hkkx esa ,slk dksbZ mica/k ugha gS] vr%
lalnh; ç;kstuksa ds fy, lnL;ksa dk fu"dklu
oS/k ugha gS vkSj mldh vuqefr ugha nh tk ldrh
gSAß ckn esa] yksd lHkk ds ihBklhu vf/kdkfj;ksa
}kjk le:i ekeyksa esa blh fLFkfr dh iqujko`fÙk dh
xbZ gSA yksd lHkk esa viukbZ xbZ çfØ;k ds vuqlkj
fu"dkflr lnL; yksd lHkk d{k esa mlh ny ds
ç[kaM esa ny ds ckdh lnL;ksa ls i`Fkd ~ gksdj cSBrk
gSA rFkkfi] yksd lHkk esa vkSj vU; vfHkys[kksa esa ny
dh fLFkfr ds lanHkZ esa ny ds lkFk lnL;@lnL;k
dh lac)rk esa dksbZ ifjorZu ugha fd;k tkrk gSA
ny dh fLFkfr ds laca/k esa bl vk'k; ds ikn-fVIi.k
}kjk fLFkfr Li"V dj nh tkrh gS fd lacaf/kr
lnL;@lnL;k dks mlds ny ls fu"dkflr fd,
tkus dh lwpuk ds ifj.kkeLo:i yksd lHkk esa mls
i`Fkd ~ LFkku ij cSBk;k x;k gSA
2

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
5- nwljh vksj] fdlh fu"dkflr lnL;@
lnL;k ds laca/k esa ,d vU; lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk
;Fkk] ^vlac)* lnL; gksuk fo|eku gSA dqN jkT;
fo/kku eaMyksa esa ;g 'kCn ç;qDr gksrk gSA jkT;
lHkk ¼dkmafly vkWQ LVsV~l½ ds ekeys esa ^fdlh
Hkh ny ls vlac) lnL;* 'kCn dk ç;ksx fd;k
tkrk gSA ;s 'kCn vR;f/kd jktuhfrd vkSj U;kf;d
rdZ dk fo"k; cu x, gSaA foxr esa dbZ ,sls
volj vk, gSa tc fdlh jktuhfrd ny ds fdlh
lnL;@lnL;k dks mlds ny ls fu"dkflr fd,
tkus ds ckn lHkk esa ml lnL; dks ,d ^vlac)
lnL;* ekuk x;k gS] ;|fi ny-cny fojks/kh
dkuwu esa fdlh fu"dkflr lnL; dks lHkk esa
^vlac) lnL;* ds :i esa ekU;rk nsus dk dksbZ
mica/k ugha fd;k x;k gSA Hkkjr ds mPpre
U;k;ky; }kjk th- fo'oukFku cuke ekuuh;
v/;{k] rfeyukMq fo/kku lHkk] eækl 2 ekeys esa
bl ç'u ij fopkj fd;k x;k Fkk fd D;k fdlh
jktuhfrd ny dk dksbZ lnL; ftls mlds ny
ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS mlh jktuhfrd
ny dk lnL; cuk jg ldrk gS Hkys gh mls
^vlac) lnL;* ekuk tk jgk gksA
6- mPpre U;k;ky; us 10oha vuqlwph ds
iSjk 2¼1½ esa nh xbZ O;k[;k dks ns[krs gq, mi;ZqDr
ekeys esa ;g fu.kZ; fn;k fd Þ;fn fdlh lnL;
dks ny ls fudky fn;k x;k gS ;k fu"dkflr dj
fn;k x;k gS] rFkkfi 10oha vuqlwph ds ç;kstuksa ls
mls ml ny dk lnL; gksus ls ugha jksdk tk
ldsxk ftlus mls fuokZpu ds fy, vH;FkhZ ds
:i esa [kM+k fd;k FkkA og mlh jktuhfrd ny
dk lnL; cuk jgsxk Hkys gh mls ,d ^vlac)
lnL;* ekuk tk,Aß U;k;ky; us ;g rdZ fn;k gS
fd 10oha vuqlwph esa fdlh lnL; dks ^vlac)* ds
uke ls dgha Hkh dksbZ LFkku ugha fn;k x;k gS vkSj
u gh dksbZ ekU;rk nh xbZ gSA ijUrq ;fn og fdlh
vU; ny esa lfEefyr gks tkrk gS] rks fuf'pr gh
,slk djuk mldk LosPNk ls ml jktuhfrd ny
dh lnL;rk dks NksM+ nsus ds leku gksxk ftlus
mls ,sls lnL; ds :i esa fuokZpu ds fy, vH;FkhZ
ds :i esa [kM+k fd;k Fkk vkSj bl çdkj og Lo;a
dks blds fy, fujfgZr djrk gSA 3 U;k;ky; us
leqfDr dh fd Þgesa ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd
nloha vuqlwph esa lnL;ksa dk oxhZdj.k dsoy
lnu esa muds ços'k dh 'kSyh ds vk/kkj ij gh
gksrk gS & ¼1½ ,d ,slk O;fDr tks ,sls lnL;
ds :i esa fuokZpu ds fy, vH;FkhZ ds :i esa
fdlh jktuhfrd ny }kjk [kM+k fd, tkus ij
pquk x;k gS( ¼2½ ,d ,slk O;fDr tks fdlh
jktuhfrd ny }kjk [kM+s fd, x, vH;FkhZ ls
fHkUu :i esa lnL; fuokZfpr gqvk gS & ftls
fuokZpu esa çk;% ,d ^Lora=* vH;FkhZ ds :i esa
lacksf/kr fd;k tkrk gS( vkSj ¼3½ ,d ,slk O;fDr
ftls uke-funsZf'kr fd;k x;k gSA mDr of.kZr
Jsf.k;ka lqfoLr`r gSa---^vlac)* ds :i esa le>k
tkuk] nloha vuqlwph dh lhek ls ckgj ek=
lqfo/kk dk ekeyk gS vkSj blls iSjk 2¼1½ dh
O;oLFkk ds vUrxZr fufnZ"V rF; esa ifjorZu ugha
2
,-vkbZ-vkj- 1996 mPpre U;k;ky 1060
3
nloha vuqlwph dk iSjk 2¼1½ ¼d½
3

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkrk gSA tgka rd nloha vuqlwph dk laca/k gS]
,slh fdlh Hkh O;oLFkk vkSj oxhZdj.k dh dksbZ
fof/kd ck/;rk ugha gksrh gSAß
7- tSlk fd iwoZ esa jkT; lHkk esa mYys[k
fd;k x;k gS & lHkk ds dk;Zdj.k ds lhfer
ç;kstukFkZ vkSj lkFk gh vfHkys[k ds ç;kstukFkZ ,sls
lnL; dks ftls mlds ewy jktuhfrd ny ls
fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS ml lnL; vkSj
^Lora=* lnL;ksa ds chp fdlh Hkze dh fLFkfr dk
ifjgkj djus ds fy, Þfdlh ny ls lac) u jgus
okys lnL;ß ds :i esa ekuk tkrk gSA ,sls lnL;
dks jkT; lHkk lfpoky; ds vfHkys[kksa esa 'kh"kZd
¼Lora= vkSj vU;½ ds varxZr Þfdlh ny ls lac)
u jgus okys lnL;ß ds :i esa n'kkZ;k tkrk gSA
lacaf/kr lnL;@lnL;k rFkk mlds jktuhfrd
ny ds usrk dks Hkh rnuqlkj lwfpr dj fn;k tkrk
gS vkSj ;g O;oLFkk le; dh dlkSVh ij [kjh
mrjh gSA
8- ,sls lnL;ksa ds laca/k esa fo'ks"kdj] mPpre
U;k;ky; ds fu.kZ; ds vkyksd esa nloha vuqlwph
esa dksbZ mica/k fo|eku u gksus ds ifjçs{; esa ,d
vfu;fer fLFkfr cuh jgrh gS] D;ksafd ;|fi
fu"dkflr lnL; ny ds vuq'kklu vkSj vuqns'kksa
bR;kfn ds v/;/khu cuk jgrk gS ijUrq ny ds
lafo/kku ds varxZr mls dksbZ vf/kdkj çkIr ugha
gksrs gSaA nwljs 'kCnksa esa] blls ,d jkspd fLFkfr
mRiUu gksrh gS ftlds varxZr fo/kku eaMy ds
ckgj vLosPNkiwoZd fdlh jktuhfrd ny dk lnL;
u jgrs gq, Hkh fo/kku eaMy ds Hkhrj ml lnL;
dks ny ds dBksj vuq'kklu ds v/;/khu mlh
jktuhfrd ny dk lnL; ekuk tkrk gSA
9- fu"dkflr lnL;ksa dh fLFkfr] muds
vf/kdkj vkSj ck/;dkfjrkvksa ls lacaf/kr eqís orZeku
esa Hkkjr ds mPpre U;k;ky; ds fopkjk/khu gSaA 4
bl laca/k esa mPpre U;k;ky; esa yafcr ;kfpdk
dks nks U;k;k/kh'kksa dh ihB }kjk fof/k vkSj lafo/kku
ds ekSfyd ç'uksa dk fu.kZ; djus gsrq vis{kkÑr
cM+h laoS/kkfud ihB ds le{k j[ks tkus ds fy,
Hkkjr ds eq[; U;k;k/kh'k dks Hkstk x;k gSA bl
laca/k esa vis{kkÑr cM+h laoS/kkfud ihB ds le{k
fufnZ"V fd;k tkuk blfy, vfuok;Z gks x;k Fkk
D;ksafd fo'oukFku ekeys esa fu"dkflr lnL;ksa ij
ny-cny fojks/kh dkuwu ds dfri; igyqvksa dh
ck/;rk ds laca/k esa mPpre U;k;ky; dk iwoZ
fu.kZ; Li"V ugha FkkA
lalnh; lfefr dh v/;{krk lfgr fofHkUu
vkf/kdkfjd inksa ds laca/k esa fdlh lnL;@
lnL;k dk mlds ny ls fu"dklu fd,
tkus dk fufgrkFkZ
10- orZeku fof/kd fLFkfr ds vuqlkj] ;fn
dksbZ lnL; ny&cny fojks/kh dkuwu ds mica/kksa ds
4
jkT; lHkk ds ,d lnL; ¼Jh vej flag½ vkSj yksd lHkk dh ,d lnL;k ¼lqJh t;çnk ukgVk½ us lektoknh ikVhZ ls fu"dkflr
gksus ds ckn fu"dkflr lnL;ksa ds laca/k esa ny-cny fojks/kh dkuwu ds mica/kksa ds fo#) jkgr çnku fd, tkus ds fy, mPpre
U;k;ky; esa ekeyk nk;j fd;k FkkA
4

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
v/khu ugha vkrk gS rks vius jktuhfrd ny ls
fu"dkflr fd, tkus ls fo/kku eaMy esa mldh
lnL;rk lekIr ugha gksrhA bl ifjn`'; esa ewy
eqík ;g gS fd D;k dksbZ lnL;] ftls mlds ny
ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS] lalnh; lfefr@
fo/kk;h lfefr dh v/;{krk lfgr] fofHkUu
vkf/kdkfjd inksa ij cuk jg ldrk gSA
11- jkT; lHkk ds çfØ;k rFkk dk;Z-lapkyu
fo"k;d fu;e esa fdlh lnL; dks] ftls mlds
ny ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gS] fdlh lalnh;
lfefr@fo/kk;h lfefr dh v/;{krk@lnL;rk
ls gVk, tkus ds laca/k esa fdlh Hkh fu;e dk
mica/k ugha fd;k x;k gSA
12- rFkkfi lalnh; lfefr ds v/;{k@lnL;
dks gVk, tkus ds laca/k esa jkT; lHkk fu;eksa esa
fuEufyf[kr mica/k fo|eku gSa%&
¼i½ fo/ks;dksa laca/kh çoj lfefr;ksa ls
lacf/kr mDr fu;eksa ds fu;e 73¼2½] tks
fd ifjofrZr :i esa foHkkx lacaf/kr lalnh;
LFkk;h lfefr;ksa ij ykxw gksrk gS] esa dgk
x;k gS%
Þ;fn lfefr dk v/;{k fdlh dkj.k ls
dk;Z djus esa vleFkZ gks rks lHkkifr
mlh çdkj ls mlds LFkku ij lfefr
dk ,d vU; v/;{k fu;qDr dj ldsxkAß
¼ii½ vuqifLFkr lnL;ksa dks vyx fd, tkus
ds laca/k esa fu;e 75 esa mica/k gS fd%
Þ;fn dksbZ lnL; çoj lfefr ds v/;{k
dh vuqefr ds fcuk lfefr dh nks ;k
nks ls vf/kd cSBdksa ls yxkrkj vuqifLFkr
jgs rks ,sls lnL; dks lfefr ls vyx
djus ds fy, jkT; lHkk esa çLrko
mifLFkr fd;k tk ldsxkAß
13- lqLFkkfir ifjikVh ds vuqlkj çeq[k
nyksa] vFkkZr~ ,sls ny ftuds lHkk esa ikap ;k mlls
vf/kd lnL; gSa] ls lacaf/kr jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa
dks bu lfefr;ksa esa lacaf/kr nyksa ds dksVs ds
vk/kkj ij fofHkUu lfefr;ksa esa uke-funsZf'kr fd;k
tkrk gSA blh çdkj] bu lfefr;ksa ds iquxZBu ds
le; fu/kkZfjr fd, x,] lac) nyksa ds dksVs ds
vk/kkj ij bu lfefr;ksa dh v/;{krk Hkh vkoafVr
dh tkrh gSA vr%] uSlfxZd ç'u ;g gS fd D;k
dksbZ lnL;@lnL;k] ftls çkjaHk esa fdlh lfefr
dk lnL; uke-funsZf'kr fd;k x;k Fkk] lfefr ds
v/;{k ds :i esa fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] ml ny
ls vius fu"dklu ds ckn ml fLFkfr dks [kks nsrk
gS@[kks nsrh gSA
14- pwafd bl laca/k esa fu;eksa esa dksbZ mYys[k
ugha gS] vr% ,slk çrhr gksrk gS fd tc rd lac)
lnL;@v/;{k mi;qZDr mica/kksa dh ifjf/k esa ugha
vkrk gS] rc rd mls ek= bl vk/kkj ij fdlh
lfefr dh lnL;rk@v/;{krk ls ugha gVk;k tk
ldrk fd og vc ml ny ds dksVs ls lac) ugha
gS ftl dksVs ls mls uke-funsZf'kr@euksuhr
fd;k x;k FkkA rFkkfi lnL;@lnL;k ihBklhu
vf/kdkjh dks viuk R;kxi= nsdj LosPNk ls viuk
in NksM+ ldrk gS@NksM+ ldrh gSA
5

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
15- oSdfYid :i ls] ml ny dks fofHkUu
lalnh; lfefr;ksa esa vius ny ds lnL;ksa@
v/;{kksa ds uke-funsZ'ku esa ifjorZu djus ds fy,
volj çkIr djus gsrq lfefr;ksa] tksfd lkekU;r;k
çR;sd o"kZ iquxZfBr dh tkrh gSa] dh vof/k ds
lekIr gksus rd çrh{kk djuh gksxhA
16- nksuksa lnuksa esa ,sls n`"Vkar ns[kus esa vk,
gSa tcfd jktuhfrd nyksa us vius fu"dkflr
lnL;ksa dks lalnh; lfefr;ksa dh lnL;rk@
v/;{krk ls gVk, tkus dh ekax dh gSA
17- igyk ekeyk yksd lHkk ls lacaf/kr gS
ftlesa ,d lnL; 5 ] ftls ml le; yksd ys[kk
lfefr dk v/;{k fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk tc og
Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ¼ch-ts-ih-½ esa Fkk] dks ckn esa
ml ny ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k FkkA rFkkfi]
mlus Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ }kjk R;kxi= nsus ds
fy, dgs tkus ds ckotwn ,slk ugha fd;kA ml
le;] ekuuh; yksd lHkk v/;{k us ;g fu.kZ;
fy;k fd lac) lnL; dks dsoy fu;ekuqlkj
gh gVk;k tk ldrk gSA varr%] bl ekeys dk
lek/kku rc gqvk tc mDr lnL; us ml lfefr
dh v/;{krk ls R;kxi= ns fn;k vkSj ,d vU;
lnL; dks lfefr ds u, v/;{k ds :i esa fu;qDr
fd;k x;kA
18- ,d vU; ekeyk jkT; lHkk esa ml
le; mBk tc ,d lnL; 6 ] ftls lektoknh ikVhZ
ds dksVs ls fofHkUu lfefr;ksa ds fy, uke-funsZf'kr
fd;k x;k Fkk vkSj foHkkx-lacaf/kr LokLF; vkSj
ifjokj dY;k.k laca/kh lalnh; LFkk;h lfefr dk
v/;{k Hkh fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] dks ml ny ls
fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;kA ny us lnL; }kjk dbZ
lfefr;ksa esa /kkfjr fofHkUu inksa ls mls gVk, tkus
dh ekax dhA ;g fu.kZ; fy;k x;k fd fdlh
lfefr ds v/;{k dks dsoy mlh fLFkfr esa gVk;k
tk ldrk gS ;fn fdlh dkj.ko'k og jkT; lHkk
ds çfØ;k vkSj dk;Z-lapkyu fo"k;d fu;e
73 ¼2½ esa fn, mica/k ds vuqlkj dk;Z djus esa
vleFkZ gSA tc rd lac) lnL; LosPNk ls LokLF;
vkSj ifjokj dY;k.k laca/kh lfefr dh v/;{krk
vkSj lkFk gh vU; lfefr¼;ksa½ dh lnL;rk ls
R;kxi= u ns ns] rc rd mls mu lfefr;ksa ls
ugha gVk;k tk ldrk gSA vUrr%] lfefr ds
okf"kZd iquxZBu ds le; bl fLFkfr dk lek/kku
gqvkA
19- mi;qZDr ls fuEufyf[kr fu"d"kZ fudkys
tk ldrs gSa%
¼i½ jkT; lHkk ds çfØ;k rFkk dk;Z&
lapkyu fo"k;d fu;eksa esa fdlh ,sls
lnL;@lnL;k dks] ftls mlds ny ls
fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gks] fdlh lalnh;
lfefr@fo/kk;h lfefr dh v/;{krk@
lnL;rk ls gVk;s tkus dk dksbZ çko/kku
ugha gS(
5
Jh tloar flag
6
Jh vej flag
6

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
¼ii½ fdlh foHkkx-lacaf/kr lalnh; LFkk;h
lfefr ¼Mh-vkj-ih-,l-lh-½ vkSj vU; LFkk;h
lfefr;ksa ds v/;{k dks dsoy rHkh gVk;k
tk ldrk gS ;fn og lnL;@lnL;k fdlh
dkj.ko'k dk;Z dj ikus esa vleFkZ gks(
¼iii½ blh çdkj dk mica/k yksd lHkk ds
çfØ;k rFkk dk;Z-lapkyu fo"k;d fu;eksa
esa fo|eku gS {fu;e 258 ¼2½}(
¼iv½ vuqifLFkr lnL;ksa dks vyx djus ls
lacaf/kr fu;e 75 esa ;g Hkh dgk x;k gS fd
;fn dksbZ lnL; çoj lfefr ds v/;{k dh
vuqefr ds fcuk lfefr dh nks ;k nks ls
vf/kd cSBdksa ls yxkrkj vuqifLFkr jgs
rks ,sls lnL;@lnL;k dks bl laca/k esa
jkT; lHkk esa ,d çLrko mifLFkr djds
lfefr ls vyx fd;k tk ldrk gS(
¼v½ tc rd lac) lnL;@v/;{k mDr
mica/kksa dh ifjf/k esa ugha vkrk] rc rd mls
ek= bl vk/kkj ij fd og vc ml ny ds
dksVs esa ugha gS ftlds fy, mls uke&
funsZf'kr@fu;qDr fd;k x;k Fkk] lfefr dh
lnL;rk@v/;{krk ls gVk;k ugha tk ldrk
gS( vkSj
¼vi½ lac) lnL; LosPNk ls lfefr dh
lnL;rk@v/;{krk ls R;kxi= ns ldrk
gS vFkok oSdfYid :i ls] ny dks lfefr;ksa]
tksfd lkekU;r;k çR;sd o"kZ iquxZfBr gksrh
gSa] dh vof/k lekIr gksus vkSj ml ny dks
lalnh; lfefr;ksa esa vius ny ds lnL;ksa
ds uke&funsZ'ku esa ifjorZu djus dk volj
feyus rd çrh{kk djuh iM+rh gSA
20- mi;qZDr ds n`f"Vxr] orZeku esa] lfefr
ds fdlh lnL;@v/;{k dks ek= bl vk/kkj ij
fdlh lfefr dh lnL;rk@v/;{krk ls gVk;k
ugha tk ldrk gS fd vc og ml ny dk
lnL;@lnL;k ugha gS ftl ny ds dksVs ls mls
uke-funsZf'kr@fu;qDr fd;k x;k FkkA rFkkfi]
;g ppkZ dk fo"k; gks ldrk gS fd D;k ,sls
lnL;@lnL;k dks ml fLFkfr esa Hkh lfefr esa
ml ny dk çfrfuf/kRo djrs jguk pkfg, tcfd
mls ml ny ls fu"dkflr dj fn;k x;k gks
vkSj mls gVk;s tkus ds laca/k esa ml ny ls
vuqjks/k çkIr gqvk gksA ;|fi] ;g ç'u lHkh nyksa
ij ykxw gksrk gS ijUrq dfri; lfefr;ksa] tSls
fd foHkkx-lacaf/kr x`g dk;Z laca/kh lalnh; LFkk;h
lfefr vkSj yksd ys[kk lfefr] ds laca/k esa ;g
vis{kkÑr vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS ftudh
v/;{krk ijEijkxr :i ls eq[; foi{kh ny ds
ofj"B lnL;ksa }kjk dh tkrh gSA ;|fi ,sls n`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fdlh jktuhfrd ny ds lnL;@lnL;k ds :i
esa /kkfjr fd, gq, gSaA
fu"d"kZ
fdlh lnL; ds mlds ny ls fu"dklu dh
fLFkfr esa ;|fi fu"dkflr lnL; ml ny ls tqM+s
ykHk vkSj mldk leFkZu [kks nsrk gS] rFkkfi] blds
lkFk gh] og vius ny ds fy, vifjgk;Z my>usa
Hkh mRiUu dj ldrk gSA orZeku esa lafo/kku dh
nloha vuqlwph esa fdlh lnL; ds mlds ny ls
fu"dklu ls lEc) vusd tfVyrkvksa ds lek/kku
gsrq mica/k fo|eku ugha gSA ;gka rd fd fu;e
vkSj lHkk esa fo|eku ifjikVh rFkk iwoksZnkgj.k Hkh
;g bafxr djrs gq, çrhr gksrs gSa fd tgka rd
lHkk dk bldh lfefr;ksa dh lnL;rk dks R;kxus
dk ç'u gS] lac) lnL; dh bPNk gh loksZifj
gksxhA ,sls ny ftudk vkdkj o`gr~ gS vkSj
fo/kkf;dkvksa esa ftudk çfrfuf/kRo vis{kkÑr
vf/kd gS] os lalnh; laLFkkvksa ds Hkhrj vkSj muds
ckgj nksuksa gh LFkkuksa ij ykHkiw.kZ fLFkfr esa jgrs
gSaA vr% ,d fopkj/kkjk ;g gS fd ml fLFkfr
esa ny ds vuq'kklu Lda/k dks mu lHkh dh
xfrfof/k;ksa ds ckjs esa lwfpr djuk pkfg, tks ny
ds eap ls turk dk vf/kns'k çkIr djus dk ç;kl
djrs gSaA ,d vU; fopkj/kkjk ;g Hkh gS fd nyksa
}kjk vius ,sls lnL;ksa dks fu"dkflr dj fn;k
tkuk pkfg, tks jktuhfrd vkSj vU; vlaxr
vk/kkjksa ij fo/kkf;dkvksa esa mudk çfrfuf/kRo djrs
gSaA ,slh laHkkfor fLFkfr esa lac) lnL; mu
O;fDr;ksa dh euet+hZ dk f'kdkj gks tkrs gSa tks
ml ny dks fu;af=r djrs gSaA vko';drk bl
ckr dh gS fd ,d lqO;ofLFkr n`f"Vdks.k viuk;k
tk, ftlds ek/;e ls ny ds lnL;ksa dks laj{kk
djus gsrq fo|eku ra= ds lkFk ny dh vuq'kklu
laca/kh vko';drkvksa dks tksM+k tk ldsA dkuwu
rFkk fu;eksa esa vko';d ifjorZu djus ls lalnh;
çtkra= dks lqn`

+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
rsy ekfQ;k dk dkyk dkjksckj %
dsjksflu dh dkykckTk+kjh
& Mk- Kku çdk'k fiykfu;k
25 tuojh] 2011 dks
x.kra= fnol ls Bhd ,d
fnu igys] egkjk"Vª esa
ekysxkao ds ikl euekM esa]
,d deZB ljdkjh vf/kdkjh
dks viuk drZO; fuHkkus ds
Øe esa tku xaokuh iM+hA
,fM'kuy dysDVj ;'koar lksuo.ks us ljdkjh
VSadj ls feV~Vh ds rsy dh pksjh jksdus ds fy,
lkglh gLr{ksi fd;k] rks pksjksa ds fxjksg us mu ij
feV~Vh dk rsy fNM+dj vkx yxk nhA blls
ohHkRl vkSj jkT;-O;oLFkk dks pqukSrh nsus okyh
kVuk D;k gks ldrh Fkh\ egkjk"Vª ds ,d bZekunkj
ofj"B ljdkjh vf/kdkjh dks jkT; ds rsy-ekfQ;k +
us ftank tyk fn;kA vf/kdkjh dk vijk/k ;g Fkk
fd mlus isVªksy esa feykoV djus okys ,d dq[;kr
vijk/kh dks jaxs gkFkksa idM+k FkkA vf/kdkjh fcdus
ds fy, rS;kj ugha Fkk vkSj vijk/kh ,sls fdlh
vf/kdkjh ds vfLrRo dks lgus ds fy, rS;kj ugha
Fkk] tks fcdkÅ u gksA mlus vf/kdkjh dks ftank
tyk fn;kA ;g ml vf/kdkjh dh bZekunkjh dh
ltk FkhA ;g viuh rjg dh igyh kVuk ugha
gSA blls igys Hkh egkjk"Vª esa gh jsr-ekfQ;k ds
gkFkksa ,d bZekunkj vf/kdkjh ekjk tk pqdk gSA
vfrfjDr ftykf/kdkjh ;'koar lksuo.ks dks ftank
tykus dh kVuk ng'krdkjh gSA ;g gesa vius
yksdra= ij fQj ls lkspus ij etcwj djrh gSA
lksuo.ks dks ftank tyk Mkyus ds fojks/k esa egkjk"Vª
esa gM+rky jgh vkSj lHkh vksj ls iqjtksj ekax mBh
fd u dsoy nks"kh yksxksa dks dkuwu dh tn esa fy;k
tk,] cfYd Hkfo"; esa ,slh okjnkr djus dh fgEer
dksbZ u tqVk lds] ,slh O;oLFkk Hkh gksA
euekM vkSj ekysxkao ukfld fMoht+u dk
gh fgLlk gSA euekM esa bafM;u vkW;y dkWjiksjs'ku
vkSj Hkkjr isVªksfy;e dkWjiksjs'ku fyfeVsM ds rsy
fMiks gSa vkSj blfy, dbZ cjlksa ls ogka feykoV
djus okys vijkf/k;ksa ds fxjksg lfØ; gSaA ;s
vijk/kh fdrus rkdroj vkSj nqLlkglh gSa] ;g
bl ckr ls irk pyrk gS fd Vksds tkus ij mUgksaus
vfrfjDr ftykf/kdkjh Lrj ds vf/kdkjh dh gR;k
djus esa Hkh fgpd ugha fn[kkbZA lksuo.ks ,d
dk;Zdq'ky vkSj bZekunkj vf/kdkjh ekus tkrs Fks
vkSj mudk vijk/k ;g Fkk fd mUgksaus isVªksy vkSj
MhT+ky esa feykoV djus okys ekfQ;k dks pqukSrh
nsus dh fgEer dh FkhA tgka mUgsa tyk;k x;k]
ml ikusokM+h xkao dh vksj tkus okyh lM+dksa ij
vijk/kh jkT+k djrs gSaA NksVs-NksVs

+
+
+
+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
dk dke fd;k tkrk gSA ;s

+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
MhT+ky dh dherksa ds yxHkx cjkcj gSA blfy,]
ljdkjh rsy fMiks o VSadjksa ls pqjk;k x;k dsjksflu
rLdjh ds T+kfj;s bu ns'kksa esa egaxs nke ij csp
fn;k tkrk gSA ^,lkspse* ds ,d losZ ds vuqlkj
gj lky lkS djksM+ fyVj dsjksflu dh rLdjh gks
jgh gSA blls ljdkj dks gj lky 3395 djksM+
#i;s dk uqdlku gks jgk gSA fdjhV ikjs[k desVh
fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k gS fd xzkeh.k xjhc vc
dsjksflu dk bLrseky ^u ds cjkcj* djrs gSaA
vkadM+k Hkh fn;k gS & flQZ 1-3 QhlnhA bl rjg
dkykckT+kkj pkyd dkjksckfj;ksa] Hkz"V vQljksa vkSj
/kwrZ fcpkSfy;ksa dk xBtksM+ te dj pkanh dkVrk
gSA
rsy ds forj.k esa gsjkQsjh vkSj feykoV
jksdus ds fy, ekdZj ds mi;ksx dh ckr pkSFkh ckj
dh tk jgh gSA ekdZj ykxw gks tkus ls dksVs ds
dsjksflu dk jax vyx gks tk,xk] ftlls og vke
nqdku ij ugha fcd ldrk gSA blds vykok mls
isVªksy-MhT+ky esa feykus ij mldk Hkh jax cny
tkrk gS vkSj tkap esa vklkuh ls ;g idM+k tk
ldrk gSA iwoZ isVªksfy;e lfpo] Jhfuoklu us
^bfM;u vk;y* ds vf/kdkjh eatwukFk dh gR;k ds
ckn ls ekdZj flLVe dks iwjs ns'k esa ykxw djok;k
FkkA vDrwcj] 2006 ls 31 fnlEcj] 2008 rd
^bafM;k dsjksflu ,MYVjs'ku çksxzke* ds ykxw gksus
ls feykoV yxHkx can gks xbZ FkhA vkjksi yxk;k
tkrk jgk gS fd dkyh dekbZ djus ls pwd jgs
yksxksa us rsy daifu;ksa ds vf/kdkfj;ksa ds lkFk fey
dj rsy dh tkap ds fy, ,fDVo pkjdksy o
luykbV dh 'krs± Hkh 'kkfey djk nhaA 2008 vkSj
2009 esa ubZ 'krks± ds dkj.k dk;ZØe ugha py
ik;kA flQZ rsy esa ugha] fdlh Hkh oLrq esa feykoV
gekjs ns'k esa cM+k vijk/k ugha gS vkSj feykoV
jksdus ds fy, dksbZ l[r ra= ugha gSA ljdkj dh
;g ftEesnkjh gS fd og ns[ks fd miHkksDrkvksa dks
gj phT+k] rsy ls ysdj nw/k rd] 'kq) feysA ns'k esa
'kk;n gh ,slh dksbZ txg gks tgka rsy ekfQ+;k dk
kksVkyk ugha gks jgk gSA
ekeyk pkgs ljdkjh ;kstukvksa esa O;kIr
Hkz"Vkpkj dks mtkxj djus dk gks ;k isVªksy esa
feykoV dk gks vFkok jk"Vªh; jktekxZ cukus ds
nkSjku kfV;k lkexzh ds bLrseky dk gks] pan gh
fuHkhZd vf/kdkjh&deZpkjh gksrs gSa tks vius drZO;
dk ikyu djrs gq, Hkz"V o laosnu'kwU; O;oLFkk ls
Vdjkus dk lkgl tqVk ikrs gSa] ;g tkurs gq, Hkh
fd ftuds f[kykQ os vkokt+ mBk jgs gSa] os fdrus
l'kDr gSa vkSj dqN Hkh dj ldrs gSaA ,sls gh
Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ + lak"kZ djus okys lksuo.ks
igys vf/kdkjh ugha gSa] ftUgsa viuh tku xaokuh
iM+h gSA fcgkj esa 2003 esa Lof.kZe prqHkqZt ifj;kstuk
esa Hkz"Vkpkj ra= dk HkaMkQksM+ djus okys bathfu;j
lR;sUæ nqcs dh x;k esa 27 uoEcj] 2003 dks xksyh
ekj dj gR;k dj nh xbZ FkhA lR;sUæ nqcs Hkkjrh;
jk"Vªh; jktekxZ çkf/kdj.k esa çkstsDV bathfu;j Fks
vkSj mUgksaus /kka/kfy;ksa dh fyf[kr f'kdk;r rRdkyhu
ç/kku ea=h ls dh FkhA d.kkZVd fuoklh eatwukFk
"k.keqxe ^bafM;u vkW;y dkjiksjs'ku* ds lsYl
eSustj FksA mÙkj çns'k ds y[kheiqj[khjh esa
19 uoEcj] 2005 dks mudh xksyh ekjdj gR;k dj
nh xbZ FkhA og isVªksy iai ij feykoVh isVªksy ds
11

+
+
+
+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
uewus ysus igqaps FksA vkjksih iai ekfyd dks mez dSn
dh ltk gqbZA fcgkj ds bathfu;j latwukFk dks Hkh
viuh tku nsdj bZekunkjh dh dher pqdkuh iM+h
FkhA rc Hkh 'kksj epk FkkA vc Hkh 'kksj epk gSA
le; ds lkFk bu 'kgknrksa dks Hkqyk fn;k x;kA
vc lksuo.ks dks Hkh Hkqyk fn;k tk,xkA
;{k ç'u gS fd D;k lM+d ekfQ;k] rsy
ekfQ;k] jsr ekfQ;k tSls vkijkf/kd rRo oSls gh
Qyrs-Qwyrs jgsaxs tSls vc rd iuirs jgs gSa\
D;ksa ;s rRo cs[+kkSQ viuk dke djrs jgrs gSa\
D;k iqfyl dks buds ckjs esa dqN irk ugha jgrk
;k irk ugha py ikrk\ ;k fQj muds flj ij
,sls rkdroj gkFk jgrs gSa fd mUgsa ifj.kkeksa dk
Mj ugha yxrk gS\ ;s kVuk,a crkrh gSa fd
Hkz"Vkpkj vkSj laxfBr vijk/k dk ,slk usVodZ
rS;kj gks x;k gS] ftlls Vdjkuk tksf[ke Hkjk
gSA loky gS fd rsy ekfQ;k + ds f[kykQ + dkjZokbZ
ds fy, egkjk"Vª ljdkj vc rd D;ksa lksrh jgh\
vxj ;g igys tx tkrh rks 'kk;n lksuo.ks dh
tku ugha tkrhA ;{k ç'u gS fd lp cksyus dh
dher ;fn tku nsdj pqdkuh iM+s] rks ,slk lp
cksyus dh fgEer dksbZ D;ksa fn[kk,xk vkSj dc
rd fn[kk,xk\
μ eqV~Bh Hkj ladYioku yksx] ftudh vius y{; esa n`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
x+t+y
& mn; çrki flag
u rhj u ryokj ls Mjrh gS] lPpkbZA
ftruk nckvks mruh mHkjrh gS] lPpkbZA
pkgs u;k vehj gks] pkgs u;k Qdhj +
nksuksa is ukx+okj xqtjrh gS] lPpkbZA
lksuk rik tks vkx esa dapu [kkjk gqvk
dfBukb;ksa esa vkSj fu[kjrh gS] lPpkbZ
lj is mBkrs gSa mls t+Uur ds Qfj'rs
bygke cu ds ftl ij mrjrh gS] lPpkbZ
feV~Vh esa og fey tk;s] ct+kfgj rks ,d jksT+k
ckx+s cgkj cu ds l¡ojrh gS] lPpkbZ
jko.k dh cqf)&cy ls tks u dke gks lds
og jke dh eqLdku ls djrh gS] lPpkbZ
lp ckr dk lEcU/k cl bUlkfu;r ls gS
bUlku ej tkrk gS tc ejrh gS] lPpkbZA
13

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
i`Foh lwDr % ,d ifjp;
& ujs'k pUæ tks'kh
çÑfr esa fopj.k djus
okys] ftUgsa fdlh jk"Vª-ns'k
dh ladYiuk esa lhfer dj
ugha j[kk tk ldrk] ,sls
vFkoZu _f"k us 'kkafr dk
tks xhr xk;k] og vFkoZosn
dk va'k cu dj ^i`Foh lwDr* ds :i esa çdV
gqvkA
^i`Foh lwDr* ds vuqlkj] i`Foh dks tks fLFkjrk
vkSj LFkkf;Ro çkIr gS mlds ihNs dksbZ ykSfdd
rRo ugha] oju~ lR;] ri] R;kx rFkk mikluk tSls
lw{e fl)kar gSa1 &
lR;a o`gnreqxza nh{kk riks czã ;K% i`fFkoha /kkj;fUrA
lk uks HkwrL; HkO;L; iRU;q:a yksda i`fFkoh u% Ñ.kksrqAA
nsorkvksa }kjk jf{kr bl i`Foh dh j{kk /keZ djrk
gS] vr% bls /keZ/kkfj.kh Hkh dgk x;k gS 2 &
fo'oLoa ekrjeks"k/khuka /kzqoka Hkwfea i`fFkoha /keZ.kk /k`rkeA
f'koka L;ksukuq pjse fo'ogkA
tgka ,d vksj lw{e fl)kUrksa dk mYys[k
^i`Foh lwDr* esa feyrk gS] tks i`Foh dks LFkkf;Ro
çnku djrs gSa] ogha ^i`Foh lwDr* esa i`Foh ds
vfLrRo dk oSKkfud fo'ys"k.k Hkh feyrk gSA
^i`Foh lwDr* ds vuqlkj vkjEHk esa i`Foh ty fueXuk
Fkh 3 vkSj ckn esa Hkh i`Foh dk cM+k Hkkx ty gh jgk
gS 4 A ^i`Foh lwDr* ds vuqlkj i`Foh f'kyk] jt vkSj
ik"kk.k ls fey dj cuh gS 5 rFkk Hkwjk] dkyk vkSj
yky jax feydj i`Foh ds jax dks cukrs gSa6 A i`Foh
esa [kfut lEink gSa7 ftldk mYys[k Hkh i`Foh
lwDr esa feyrk gSA
^i`Foh lwDr* esa dfo us i`Foh dks ek¡ vkSj
Lo;a dks bldk iq= cryk;k gS8 &
ekrk Hkwfe% iq=ks vga i`fFkO;k%
i`Foh ls çkFkZuk dh xbZ gS fd og gesa thou
ty ns 9 rFkk v{k; oSHko çnku djus okyh gks 10 ]
i`Foh dks fgj.;o{kk dgk x;k gS 11 ftldk vfHkçk;
gS fd i`Foh /ku&/kkU; ls ifjiw.kZ gSA ^i`Foh lwDr*
esa dgk x;k gS fd i`Foh gekjh ,sls ikyuk djs
tSls ek¡ vius cPpksa dh djrh gS12
rFkk og lnSo
gekjh vfHko`f) djrh jgs 13 A
LoLFk thou ds fy,] ^i`Foh lwDr* ds vuqlkj]
i`Foh ls ge lrr izk.k ok;q izkIr djrs jgsa rFkk
1-
v-os-] XII-I-1
3-
ogh] 8
5-
ogh] 26
7-
ogh] 44
9-
ogh] 3
11-
ogh] 26
13-
ogh] 13
2-
ogh] XII-I-17
4-
ogh] 9
6-
ogh] 11
8-
ogh] 12
10-
ogh] 5
12-
ogh] 10
14

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vius thou esa o`)koLFkk dks izkIr gksa] 14 LoLFk jgus
ds fy, vko';d gS fd ge jksxeqDr gksa vkSj
blfy, i`Foh vusd vkS"kf/k;ksa vkSj ouLifr;ksa dks
/kkj.k djrh gS 15 A
'kkfUriw.kZ lgvfLrRo dh Hkkouk Hkh ^i`Foh
lwDr* esa ns[kus dks feyrh gSA i`Foh esa vusd tho
gekjs fy, gkfudkjd gks ldrs gSa ijarq vis{kk dh
xbZ gS fd i`Foh ij fopj.k djus okys lHkh tho
gekjs fy, fgrdj gksa 16 A ^i`Foh lwDr* esa ;g dgha
ugha dgk x;k fd jsaxus okys liZ vkSj fcPNw tks
gesa Mlrs gSa] ge mUgsa ekjsa] cfYd dgk x;k gS fd
og ge ij u jsaxsa vFkkZr~ os gels nwj jgas17 A i`Foh
ij flag] ckk] fl;kj] HksfM+;s tSls Hk;adj fgalz
i'kq jgrs gSa ijarq ^i`Foh lwDr* mUgsa ekjus dh
vuqefr ugha nsrk] cfYd dgk ;g x;k gS fd i`Foh
buls esjh j{kk djs 18 A i`Foh dh nsgxU/k gh rks
euq";ksa vkSj oU; thoksa esa O;kIr gS] ;g lgvfLrRo
dh Hkkouk dk ,d mnkÙk mnkgj.k gSA
thou ds vfr egRoiw.kZ ewY; Hkh ^i`Foh
lwDr* esa ns[kus dks feyrs gSaA i`Foh gekjs fy,
yksd-fuekZ.k djrh gS rFkk og ge lcdks voyEcu
nsrh gS 19 A ge e/kqHkk"kh cuas 20 rFkk rstkse; gksa21 ] tks
Hkh xzke] ou ,oa lHkk;sa ;k lewg gSa ogk¡ ij ge
>wB ls gV dj fç; cksysa22 A
^i`Foh lwDr* esa i`Foh ls j{kk dh çkFkZuk Hkh
dh xbZ gS] tks gels }s"k j[krs gSa] tks gels yM+uk
pkgrs gSa] tks gesa mf}Xu djuk pkgrs gSa rFkk
ftuds ikl ekjd vL= gS] i`Foh mUgsa jksds23 A i`Foh
vkØe.kdkfj;ksa dks gels nwj j[ks rFkk ekjd
vk;q/k Hkh gels nwj jgas 24 A
i`Foh ds çfr] gekjs dÙkZO;ksa dh ckr Hkh
^i`Foh lwDr* esa dgh xbZ gSA i`Foh ds çfr ge
lnSo lEeku cuk;s j[ksa ftruk Hkh ge mls [kksnsa
mldh {kfr rqjUr iw.kZ gks tk;s vkSj ge ,slk dksbZ
Hkh dk;Z u djsa ftlls i`Foh dh tM+ksa ;k ân; dks
vkkkr igq¡ps 25 A bl çdkj ^i`Foh lwDr* esa lrr~
fodkl dh ckr dgh xbZ gS ftls ysdj vkt iwjk
fo'o lekt fpafrr gSA
^i`Foh lwDr* esa fofo/krk dks iwjh igpku
çnku dh xbZ gSA i`Foh ij vusd LFkyksa esa jgus
okys euq"; vius-vius ÑR;kuqlkj rFkk x`gkuqlkj
vyx Hkk"kkvksa dk ç;ksx djrs gS26
A ;gh Hkkouk
,d vU; ea= esa Hkh O;Dr dh xbZ gS ftlesa i`Foh
ij vusd iaFkksa ds gksus dh ckr dgh xbZ ftu ij
lHkh Hkys-cqjs fopj.k djrs gSa 27 &
;s rs iUFkkuks cgoks tuk;uk jFkL; oRekZul'p ;krosA
;S% lapjUR;qe;s Hkæik;Lra iUFkkua tisekufe=erLdj
;fPNoa rsu uks e`MAA
bl çdkj dh loZ lekos'kh Hkkouk dk tks mnkgj.k
^i`Foh lwDr* esa feyrk gS og vkt ds lanHkZ esa mruk
gh çkalfxd gS ftruk vFkoZosn ds jpuk dky esa FkkA
14-
v-os-] XII-I-22
16-
ogh] 16
18-
ogh] 49
20-
ogh] 16 vkSj 58
22-
ogh] 56
24-
ogh] 32
26-
ogh] 45
15-
ogh] 17 vkSj 27
17-
ogh] 46
19-
ogh] 1 vkSj 27
21-
ogh] 58
23-
ogh] 14
25-
ogh] 35
27-
ogh] 47
15

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
var esa dfo ^i`Foh lwDr* esa ek¡ i`Foh ls oj
ek¡xrs gq, mldh Ñik pkgrk gS rFkk dgrk gS fd
ek¡ i`Foh mls çfrf"Br dj ns ,oa LoxZ ls lnSo
mldk eS=hHkko jgs] mls lkSHkkX; vkSj le`f) çkIr
gksA 28
bl çdkj ge ns[krs gSa fd ^i`Foh lwDr* esa i`Foh
dks thoUr :i esa n'kkZ;k x;k gS vkSj ml ij fopj.k
djus okyh lUrkuksa dks dHkh Hkh ,slk dqN ugha djuk
pkfg, ftlls mls {kfr igq¡psA tuuh] tuknZu vkSj
tu dk vVwV lEcU/k ^i`Foh lwDr* esa vf}rh; gSA
μ riL;k /eZ dk igyk vkSj vf[kjh dne gS
&egkRek xka/h
μ viuh ihM+k lg ysuk vkSj nwljs thoksa dks ihM+k u igqapkuk] ;gh riL;k dk
Lo:i gS
&lar fr#oYyqoj
μ ftl euq"; esa vkRefo'okl ugha gS og 'kfDreku gks dj Hkh dk;j gS vkSj
iafMr gksdj Hkh ew[kZ gSA
μ vius dks ladV esa Mky dj dk;Z laiUu djus okyksa dh fot; gksrh gS] dk;jksa
dh ughaA
&tokgjyky usg:
28-
v-os-] XII-I-63
16

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
eks{k iFk
& 'kqHkJh ikf.kxzkgh
lw;Z pUæ rkjk
varfj{k lkjkAA
ftlus jpk bu lcdks gS
l`f"V dk drkZ oks gSAA
/kjrh-vkdk'k] lc fn'kk,a]
ty-vuy vkSj gok,aAA
funsZ'k esa ftlds pyrs
fu;eksa dk ikyu Hkh djrsAA
fouk'k-l`tu ds fu;e
ikyu djuk mudk /kjeAA
dje-/kje ls vf/kd
l`f"V fLFkfr dk ekfydAA
vuar v{k; vlhe 'kfDr dks
ije czã ijkRij fu;fr dksAA
dSls ik,saxs eafnj esa
gSa tks l`f"V ds d.k-d.k esaAA
tho ds vanj f'ko gS
lsok djuk gh mudh iwtk gSAA
lcds fy, I;kj cjlkvks
n;k-çse ls is'k vkvksAA
uezrk dh HksaV ls
iwtu djks R;kx dh Hkkouk lsAA
çHkq feysaxs vareZu esa
eks{k feysxk bl thou esaAA
'kj.k esa muds ge gSa
laj{k.k Hkh mudk fu;e gSAA
pysaxs ge mudh cukbZ jkg ij
deZ djsaxs thou HkjAA
17

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
jkT; lHkk vkSj efgyk l'kfDrdj.k
& lR; ukjk;.k lkgw
çLrkouk% egkRek xka/kh ds usr`Ro esa gqvk
Lora=rk-laxzke efgyk-iq#"k lekurk dh fn'kk
esa çFke lak"kZ
chloha 'krkCnh dks efgyk erkf/kdkj vkSj
efgyk-iq#"k U;k; ds lak"kZ dh lnh ds :i esa
O;k[;kf;r fd;k x;k gSA vkT+kknh vkSj Lora=rk
ds fy, gqbZ çeq[k ØkfUr;ksa ls vyx] egkRek xka/kh
ds usr`Ro esa Lora=rk ds fy, gekjk lak"kZ Hkh
efgyk-iq#"k lekurk ds fy, ,d vkanksyu gh
FkkA gekjh vkT+kknh vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu ds
fy, muds usr`Ro esa bfrgkl ds lcls igys
vfgald vkanksyu ds ckjs esa lkspk x;k Fkk vkSj
mls dk;kZfUor fd;k x;k FkkA blesa lSdM+ksagtkjksa
vke efgykvksa us Hkkx fy;k FkkA pwafd
U;k; vkSj lekurk dh vo/kkj.kk vfgalk ds
fopkj dk dsUæ fcUnq gS] blfy, vke turk
fo'ks"kdj efgykvksa dks] tks 'kS{kf.kd vgZrkvksa
,oa laifÙk esa fgLlsnkjh ls oafpr Fkha] iq#"kksa ds
lkFk da/ks-ls-da/kk feykdj gekjh Lora=rk ds
fy, yM+us dk volj fey x;kA yanu esa xksyesT+k
lEesyu esa Hkkx ysrs gq, 17 flrEcj] 1931 dks
egkRek xka/kh us dgk Fkk fd Hkkjr dh fo/kkf;dk
esa efgykvksa dh leqfpr Hkkxhnkjh ugha gksxh rks
og ml dk cfg"dkj djsaxsA ,d vU; volj ij
mUgksaus vfgald tu vkanksyu dks efgykvksa dh
prqfnZd çxfr ds :i esa ifjHkkf"kr fd;k FkkA
1930 ds n'kd esa mUgksaus fy[kk Fkk fd vius
liuksa ds Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa og gekjs ns'k ds
fy, ,sls lafo/kku dh dkeuk djsaxs tks bls lHkh
çdkj dh nklrkvksa ,oa çJ;ksa ls eqDr djs vkSj
mUgksaus vkxs dgk fd og ,d ,sls Hkkjr ds fy,
dke djsaxs tgka efgykvksa dks iq#"kksa ds leku gh
vf/kdkj çkIr gksaxsA 1940 ds n'kd ds vkjaHk esa]
mUgksaus fons'kh lÙkk ls Hkkjr dks vkt+kn djkus
rFkk gekjs lekt dk iqufuZekZ.k djus ds fy,
vfgald vkanksyu ds ,d va'k ds :i esa ,d
lajpukRed dk;ZØe uked Økafrdkjh ikB rS;kj
fd;k Fkk ftlesa lekt ds lHkh oxks±] fo'ks"kdj
ncs-dqpys yksxksa dks gj volj çnku dj mUgsa
viuh {kerkvksa dk mi;ksx djus dk volj çkIr
gks ldsA blesa 18 fcUnq Fks ftuesa ls ,d fcUnq
thou ds çR;sd {ks= esa efgykvksa dks cjkcj dk
Hkkxhnkj cukus ls lacaf/kr FkkA mUgksaus nq%[k ds
lkFk dgk Fkk] Þjhfr-fjokt+ksa ds varxZr efgykvksa
dk neu fd;k x;k gS ftlds fy, iq#"k ft+Eesnkj
jgk gS vkSj ftUgsa cukus esa mudk dksbZ gkFk ugha
gSßA mUgksaus rks ;gka rd dgk gS] Þefgykvksa dh
fLFkfr iqjkus t+ekus ds xqykeksa ds tSlh gS ftUgsa
;g Hkh irk ugha Fkk fd os dHkh vkT+kkn Hkh gks
ldrs gSa ;k mUgsa dHkh vkt+kn gksuk Hkh pkfg,A
mUgksaus ns'k Hkj esa efgykvksa dh dkuwuh vkSj
ijEijkxr fLFkfr dks cqjk crk;k Fkk rFkk mUgksaus
blesa cM+s iSekus ij cnyko dh ekax dh Fkh
ftlesa os vius iw.kZ ntsZ dh çkfIr dj ldsa rFkk
iq#"k ds leku viuh Hkwfedk fuHkk ldsaA
18

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
mUgksaus cgqr igys o"kZ 1946 esa bl ckr ij
[ksn O;Dr fd;k Fkk fd jktuhfrd ny fo/kk;h
fudk;ksa esa i;kZIr la[;k esa efgykvksa dks ugha Hkst
jgs gSaA bl ç'u ds çR;qÙkj esa fd D;k ,sls fudk;ksa
esa efgykvksa dh mifLFkfr cM+h la[;k esa gksuk
vfuok;Z gS] mUgksaus cyiwoZd dgk] ÞeSa ,sls ekeyksa
esa lekurk vFkok fdlh vU; vuqikr ds çfr
vklDr ugha gwa--- rFkkfi] ;g ns[krs gq, fd efgykvksa
dks de djds vkaduk ijaijk cu xbZ gS] ijUrq
blds foijhr] iq#"kksa dh rqyuk esa efgykvksa dks
çkFkfedrk nsus dh iajijk gksuh pkfg,] fQj pkgs
bl çkFkfedrk ds ifj.kkeLo:i efgykvksa }kjk
iq#"kksa dk LFkku iw.kZr% ys fy;k tk,--- efgykvksa
vkSj bl ekeys esa fdlh Hkh oxZ dks bl çJ; dh
HkRlZuk djuh pkfg,A mUgsa U;k; ekaxuk pkfg, u
fd vuqdaik----iq#"kksa dks bl cgq-visf{kr lq/kkj dks
vuqdaik dk ekeyk u ekudj dsoy ek= efgykvksa
ds çfr nsjh ls gqvk U;k; le>uk pkfg,ßA
yksd lHkk vkSj jkT;ksa dh fo/kku lHkkvksa dh
lhVksa esa 33 çfr'kr vkj{k.k ds fy, 9 ekpZ] 2010
dks jkT; lHkk esa çLrqr fd;k x;k lafo/kku la'kks/ku
fo/ks;d] Hkkjr fuekZ.k ds fy, egkRek xka/kh ds
liuksa vkSj efgykvksa ds fy, U;k; ,oa lekurk ds
fy, muds }kjk fd, x, dk;ks± dk çfrfuf/kRo
djrk gSA ;g efgykvksa ds mRFkku vkSj muds
jktuhfrd l'kfDrdj.k ds fy, mBk;k x;k ,d
cM+k dne gSA
vxys fnu ns'k-Hkj esa vf/kdka'k lHkh nSfud
lekpkj-i=ksa esa bl lHkk }kjk fd, x, vHkwriwoZ
dk;Z dks efgykvksa ds mRFkku esa Økafrdkjh dne
crk;k x;kA jkT; lHkk }kjk] çkjaHk ls gh ,d
,slk fo/kk;h eap cudj] tgka lkekftd-vkfFkZd
fo/kkuksa dh mRifÙk gqbZ vkSj rnuUrj os ns'k ds
dkuwu Hkh cus] fuHkkbZ xbZ ,sfrgkfld Hkwfedk dks
/;ku esa j[krs gq,] bls igys yksd lHkk esa j[kdj
dkuwu cukus ds dbZ vlQy ç;klksa ds i'pkr~]
;g çLrko jkT; lHkk esa fopkjkFkZ vkSj ikfjr
fd, tkus ds fy, çLrqr fd;k x;kA ftl fnu
;g vf/kfu;fer gks tk;sxk rks ;g efgykvksa dks
erkf/kdkj feyus ds ckn dh nwljh lcls egRoiw.kZ
kVuk ds :i esa ;kn j[kk tk;sxkA
okLro esa] o"kZ 1999 esa] vejhdk esa chloha
lnh dh 100 lcls egRoiw.kZ kVukvksa dk irk
yxkus ds fy, losZ{k.k djk;k x;k FkkA bldk
ifj.kke cgqr gh pkSadkus okyk FkkA vejhdh efgykvksa
dks feys erkf/kdkj dks çfl) oSKkfud çks- vYcVZ
vkbULVkbu dh ^F;ksjh vkWQ fjysfVfoVh* vkSj
^isfuflyhu dh [kkst* ls Hkh vf/kd egRoiw.kZ ekuk
x;kA ;fn efgykvksa dks erkf/kdkj feyuk bruk
egRoiw.kZ gS] rks ;g dYiuk dh tk ldrh gS fd
gekjs ns'k ds loksZPp fo/kk;h fudk; esa mudh
O;kid mifLFkfr u dsoy bl jk"Vª ds fy,] cfYd
laiw.kZ foÜo ds fy, vlk/kkj.k :i ls egRoiw.kZ
gksxhA yksd lHkk vkSj jkT;ksa dh fo/kku lHkkvksa esa
efgykvksa ds fy, 33 çfr'kr vkj{k.k dk çko/kku
djus okys fo/ks;d dks ikfjr djds] jkT; lHkk us
,d ,sls fo/kk;h mik; dks vatke fn;k gS tks
vusd egRoiw.kZ oSKkfud [kkstksa vkSj vkfo"dkjksa ls
Hkh vf/kd egRoiw.kZ gSA
19

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vxj vkbULVkbu ds ^lkis{krk ds fl)kar* us
gekjs czãkaM dh le> dh ekSfyd çÑfr esa cnyko
fd;k Fkk rks efgykvksa ds fy, 33 çfr'kr vkj{k.k
dh O;oLFkk ls gekjh jktuhfr vkSj lkoZtfud
thou dk ewyHkwr

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ijUrq os çfrc) vYier ds le{k foo'k Fks] vr%
mUgsa ml le; gkj Lohdkj djuh iM+hßA ç/kku
ea=h usg: ds os 'kCn gekjs le; esa Hkh fdrus
lelkef;d yxrs gSa] tc lafo/kku ¼108oka la'kks/ku½
fo/ks;d] 2008 egt fdlh NksVs ls ny ds dM+s
fojks/k dk lkeuk dj jgk gSA
fgUnw lafgrk fo/ks;d dks ns'k dk dkuwu
cukus dk usg: ljdkj dk bjknk rc iw.kZ :i ls
lkeus vk;k tc o"kZ 1952 esa ,df=r laln ds
nksuksa lnuksa dks Hkkjr ds rRdkyhu jk"Vªifr]
Mk- jktsUæ çlkn ds vfHkHkk"k.k esa bls 'kkfey
fd;k x;k FkkA rFkkfi ,d ^çfrc) vYier* ls
feys fojks/k ds dkj.k bls vf/kfu;fer ugha fd;k
tk ldkA ;g egt ,d oS/kkfud çLrko gh jg
x;kA vusd çxfr'khy dkuwuksa ds ek/;e ls gekjs
efgyk leqnk; ij ldkjkRed çHkko Mkyus gsrq
fd, x, mik;ksa ds fy, ,d vLFkk;h >Vdk
lkfcr gqvk gSA bls dkuwu cukus esa feyh vlQyrk
ls blds fuekZrk Mk- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj dks
vR;f/kd nq%[k gqvk vkSj og gekjs ns'k ds dsUæh;
eaf=eaMy esa fof/k ea=h ds in ls R;kx i= nsus ds
fy, etcwj gks x,A
rFkkfi] fgUnw lafgrk fo/ks;d fuekZ.k djus
ls muds lkjs dfBu ç;kl csdkj ugha x;sA bldh
çxfr'khy fo"k;-oLrq vkSj lq/kkjkRed fo'ks"krkvksa
us ns'k Hkj ds lHkh ln~fopkj j[kus okys yksxksa dk
/;ku vkdf"kZr fd;kA mu igyqvksa ij ns'kO;kih
okn-fookn us tuer dks blds i{k esa rS;kj
fd;kA blus efgykvksa dks vf/kdkjksa dh dkuwuh
xkjaVh nsus vkSj thou rFkk lekt ds çR;sd igyw
esa mUgsa lgHkkxh cukus gsrq jk"Vª dh bPNk dk
çfrfuf/kRo fd;kA
jkT; lHkk esa fgUnw fof/k lq/kkj fo/ks;dksa dk
iqj%LFkkiu vkSj ikj.k rFkk usg: dh fVIif.k;ka
varr%] fgUnw lafgrk ds ewy rRoksa dks 'kkfey
djrs gq, vusd fo/kkuksa dks jkT; lHkk esa iqj%LFkkfir
fd;k x;kA jkT; lHkk esa ;s lHkh fo/kku vFkkZr~
fgUnw fookg vkSj rykd fo/ks;d] 1952] fgUnw
vçkIrO;rk vkSj laj{kdrk fo/ks;d] 1953] fgUnw
mÙkjkf/kdkj fo/ks;d] 1954 vkSj nÙkd vkSj Hkj.kiks"k.k
fo/ks;d] 1956 jkT; lHkk esa çLrqr fd;s
tkus ds i'pkr~ bl ns'k ds dkuwu cu x,A
fgUnw fookg fo/ks;d dk vf/kfu;eu iq#"k
vkSj efgyk dh lekurk ds fy, gekjh [kkst esa
,d ;qxkardkjh kVuk FkhA blesa fufgr çxfr'khy
ewY;ksa ls iq#"k ds lkFk-lkFk efgykvksa dh Lora=rk
vkSj Lok/khurk ds leku vf/kdkj dh tkudkjh
j[kus okyh gekjh efgykvksa ds fy, ,d u, ;qx
dk lw=ikr djus dh gekjs usr`Ro dh çfrc)rk
dh Hkh iqf"V gqbZA bl laca/k esa laiw.kZ jk"Vª dh [kq'kh
dks rRdkyhu ç/kku ea=h iafMr tokgjyky usg:
}kjk loksZÙke :i esa vfHkO;Dr fd;k x;k FkkA
20 ebZ] 1955 dks eq[; eaf=;ksa dks fy[ks ,d i=
esa mUgksaus bl ckr dk mYys[k fd;k Fkk fd efgykvksa
dh fLFkfr dks lq/kkjus gsrq oS/kkfud mik;ksa dks
djus vkSj efgykvksa dks mfpr LFkku nsus ls efgykvksa
dks nck dj mudh {kerk de djus okyh
21

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
çfrfØ;koknh rkdrksa ij dkcw ikus ds mudh ljdkj
ds ladYi dh iqu% iqf"V gqbZ gSA mUgksaus ;g egRoiw.kZ
fVIi.kh Hkh dh Fkh fd gekjs ns'k ds vanj efgykvksa
dh fLFkfr dks lq/kkjus ds fy, ,slh fof/k ls vo';
gh foÜo Lrj ij gekjs ns'k dh Nfo esa lq/kkj gqvk
gSA mUgksaus fy[kk fd ÞfgUnw fookg fo/ks;d ge
yksxksa ds fy, ns'k esa :f

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
1950 ds e/; esa iafMr usg: }kjk dh xbZ
xgu vkSj fopkj;qDr leqfDr;ksa ls mu fo/kkuksa dh
egÙkk lkeus vkbZ ftu ij jkT; lHkk dks igys
fopkj djus dh fof'k"Vrk çkIr FkhA mu ,sfrgkfld
fo/kkuksa dks 'kq: djus ds fy, jkT; lHkk dks
ojh;rk nsrs gq, rRdkyhu ljdkj jkT; lHkk
dh Nfo dks çxfr'khy fopkjksa vkSj rkdrksa dk
çfrfuf/kRo djus okyh rFkk efgykvksa ds mRFkku
gsrq dne mBkus okyh vkSj foÜo Lrj ij gekjs
ns'k dh çfr"Bk dks c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vk;axj us dgk Fkk fd nwljs lnu dh Hkwfedk u rks
dkuwu vkSj u gh ç'kklu dks vo:) djus ds fy,
gSA lalnh; çtkra= ds 'kCndks"k esa jkT; lHkk dks
mPp lnu vFkok f}rh; lnu ds :i esa tkuk
tkrk gSA nwljs lnu dk fopkj bl ewy vo/kkj.kk
esa vUrfuZfgr gS fd ;g tYnckth esa yk, x,
dkuwu dks jksdsxkA jkT; lHkk us fuf'pr :i ls
,sls dbZ tYnckth esa yk, x, dkuwuksa dks jksdk gSA
fQj Hkh laln ds Hkhrj vkSj ckgj dqN fufgr
LokFkZ gksrs gSa tks fuHkhZd lkekftd] vkfFkZd]
jktuhfrd lq/kkjksa ds çko/kku okys dkuwuksa dks is'k
djus esa vDlj vojks/k iSnk djrs gSaA yksd lHkk
vkSj jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa esa 33 çfr'kr LFkkuksa ds
vkj{k.k ds dkuwu ds fo'ks"k ekeys esa laln ds
fupys lnu esa ml le; fgald çfrjks/k ns[kk
x;k Fkk tc X;kjgoha] ckjgoha vkSj rsjgoha yksd
lHkk esa bls is'k fd;k x;k FkkA ,slh fLFkfr esa
tYnckt+h esa yk, tkus okys dkuwuksa dks jksdus
ds fy, cus lnu] jkT; lHkk dks ljdkj }kjk
çkFkfedrk nh tkrh gS rkfd nwjxkeh lkekftd
vkSj vkfFkZd egRo ds fo/ks;dksa dks is'k fd;k tk
lds ftlls buds dkuwu cukus dh çfØ;k esa rsth
ykbZ tk lds vkSj lekt vkSj jk"Vª dks ykHk gks
ldsA bl lanHkZ esa] jkT; lHkk dh Hkwfedk çtkra=
ds nk;js dks c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
laifÙk ds vf/kdkj vkfn ls lacaf/kr mudh fparkvksa
dk lek/kku gks ldsA
efgykvksa ds lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vf/kdkjksa
dh xkjaVh nsus okys dkuwuksa dh ckr dks lQyrkiwoZd
mBkus esa jkT; lHkk us vxz.kh igy dh ftlls
efgykvksa dks jktuhfr {ks= esa ,d leku lk>snkj
cuk;k tk ldsA lgh gh dgk x;k gS fd Þefgykvksa
dk l'kfDrdj.k dsoy jktuhfrd eqík ugha cfYd
lkekftd-vkfFkZd eqík Hkh gSßA efgykvksa ds
lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd vf/kdkjksa dks lqfuf'pr
djus gsrq dkuwuksa dks lQyrkiwoZd ikfjr dj
jkT; lHkk chloha lnh ds e/; esa efgyk
l'kfDrdj.k ds egRoiw.kZ igyw dks iwjk dj jgh
FkhA
okLro esa] ml le; ds jkT; lHkk ds oknfooknksa
ds iUus efgyk l'kfDrdj.k ds ckjs esa
lnu ds n`f"Vdks.k dks n'kkZrs gSaA rRdkyhu fof/k
dk;Z ea=h Jh ,p-ch- ikVldj us 1 vDrwcj] 1955
dks fgUnw mÙkjkf/kdkj fo/ks;d] 1954 ds çLrko dks
jkT; lHkk esa fopkjkFkZ mifLFkr djrs gq, dgk Fkk
fd cgqr yacs le; ls Hkkjr dh efgykvksa dks
leku ntkZ ugha feyk gSA mlds ckn mUgksaus
larqf"V ds lkFk ;g uksV fd;k fd ewy çLrko ij
ppkZ ds le; jkT; lHkk ds lnL;ksa }kjk fn;s x,
Hkk"k.kksa esa efgykvksa dks lekurk çnku fd, tkus
dks ysdj yxHkx ,der t+kfgj gqvk rkfd efgykvksa
ds mÙkjkf/kdkj ds laca/k esa vkus okyh ck/kkvksa
dks nwj fd;k tk ldsA mijksDr of.kZr fo/ks;d
ij ppkZ esa Hkkx ysrs gq, Jherh y{eh esuu] tks
fd jkT; lHkk dh lnL; rFkk fons'k ea=h]
iafMr tokgjyky usg: dh rRdkyhu lalnh;
lfpo Fkha] us dgk Fkk fd tks yksx efgykvksa ds
vf/kdkjksa dh lqj{kk ds mís'; okys bl fo/ks;d dk
fojks/k dj jgs gSa] mUgsa ;g yxsxk fd os bl
ifjorZu dks ugha jksd lds tks efgykvksa ds i{k esa
vifjgk;Z :i ls vkus okyk FkkA
1977 esa tc jkT; lHkk us vius dk;Zdj.k
ds 25 o"kZ iwjs fd, rks ,d [kaM dk çdk'ku
fd;k x;k ftldk 'kh"kZd Fkk Þnwljk lnu %
vk/kqfud fo/kkuikfydkvksa esa bldh Hkwfedkß vkSj
ftldk laiknu rRdkyhu jkT; lHkk egklfpo]
Jh ,l-,l- Hkkysjko us fd;k FkkA dbZ efgyk
lnL;ksa us blesa vius ys[k fy[ksA jkT; lHkk dh
,d lnL;k] Jherh yhyk nkeksnju esuu us
vius ,d fopkjksÙkstd ys[k esa bldh egRoiw.kZ
miyfC/k;ksa dks lkj.khc) djrs gq, fy[kk ÞjkT;
lHkk dks ftldh lcls vf/kd t:jr gS og ;g
gS fd blesa vkSj vf/kd efgyk,a lnL; gksuh
pkfg,ßA okLro esa] jkT; lHkk ds ckjs esa mudk ;g
l'kDr fopkj fd jkT; lHkk esa efgykvksa dk vf/
kdkf/kd çfrfuf/kRo gksuk pkfg,] og ml lnu ds
fy, mruk gh lp Fkk ftruk fd yksd lHkk lfgr
gekjs ns'k dh lHkh fo/kkuikfydkvksa ds ckjs esaA
lnu dh ,d vU; efgyk lnL;]
Jherh lfork cfgu us vius ,d ys[k esa dgk Fkk
fd dbZ çxfr'khy lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fo/kkuksa
dks igys mBkdj vkSj mUgsa ikfjr djkdj jkT;
lHkk us Lo;a ;g lkfcr dj fn;k fd Þ;g turk
25

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
dh vkokt+ ij ldkjkRed çfrfØ;k nsus okyk
lnu gSßA tc dHkh ;gka vkxs dh lkspus okys fo/
kkuksa] ftuesa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd nksuksa {ks=ksa vkSj
gekjs lkoZtfud thou ds O;kid foLrkj esa efgykvksa
ds fy, LFkku ds foLrkj dh ladYiuk dh xbZ gks]
ij ppkZ gqbZ] rc vkoke dh vkokT+k ij ldkjkRed
çfrfØ;k gh bl lnu dk çeq[k /;s; jgk gSA
lafo/kku ¼pkSalBoka vkSj iSalBoka la'kks/ku½
fo/ks;d] 1989 ij jkT; lHkk esa okn-fookn
,slk ugha gS fd efgykvksa ds vf/kdkjksa dh
xkjaVh dk çLrko djus okyk çR;sd fo/kku jkT;
lHkk esa çLrqr fd;k x;k gksA oLrqr%] ,sls vusd
fo/kku igys yksd lHkk esa yk, x, vkSj jkT; lHkk
ds lnL;ksa us efgyk vf/kdkfjrk ds y{; dks vkxs
c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
u djus dh fLFkfr esa mUgsa c[kkZLr rd djus dh
i;kZIr 'kfDr;ka gksaxhA mUgksaus vkxs ;g rdZ fn;k
fd ljdkj mu fo/ks;dksa dks yksd lHkk esa blfy,
ikfjr dj ldh D;ksafd lEiw.kZ foi{k us cksQkslZ
rksiksa dh [kjhn esa nykyh dk Hkqxrku fd, tkus ds
vkjksiksa dks ysdj ns'kHkj esa gks jgs gYys dks ns[krs
gq, lHkk ls R;kxi= ns fn;k FkkA
blesa /;ku nsus ;ksX; igyw ;g Fkk fd jkT;
lHkk ds lnL;ksa us nyxr Hkkoukvksa ls Åij mBrs
gq, mu fo/ks;dksa esa vUrfoZ"V efgykvksa ds fy,
LFkkuksa ds vkj{k.k ds çko/kku dk leFkZu fd;k
FkkA Hkkjrh; jk"Vªh; dkaxzsl dh Jherh t;Urh
uVjktu dk rdZ ;g Fkk fd efgykvksa vkSj
lekt ds vU; detksj oxks± ds fy, vkj{k.k ds
laoS/kkfud j{kksik;ksa ls lkekftd U;k; dks c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
laiw.kZrk esa dkuwu ugha cu ik,] ;s iapk;rksa vkSj
uxjikfydkvksa esa efgykvksa ds vf/kd çfrfuf/kRo
ds mís'; ds fy, yxHkx lHkh nyksa dk vuqeksnu
çkIr djus esa lQy jgsA Jh jktho xka/kh dk ;g
dFku fd laoS/kkfud la'kks/ku ,d ikou vkSj
nhkZdkfyd çfrKk gS] ml le; lp gks x;k tc
iqu% Jh ujflEgk jko ds usr`Ro esa ljdkj us 1992
esa u, fljs ls bu fo/ks;dksa dks iqj%LFkkfir djus ds
fy, dne mBk,A
lafo/kku ¼frgÙkjoka vkSj pkSgÙkjoka la'kks/ku½
fo/ks;d] 1991 ds laca/k esa jkT; lHkk esa
okn&fookn
yksdrkaf=d :i ls fuokZfpr laLFkkvksa esa
xzke vkSj uxjikfydk Lrj ij efgykvksa ds fy,
33 çfr'kr LFkku vkjf{kr djus ds fy, u,
lafo/kku ¼cgÙkjoka vkSj frgÙkjoka la'kks/ku½ fo/ks;d]
1991 dks lHkh nyksa ds jkT; lHkk lnL;ksa dk
leFkZu feykA yksd lHkk esa iqj%LFkkfir fd, x,
fo/ks;d dh tkap djus ds fy, xfBr dh xbZ
nksuksa lHkkvksa dh la;qDr lfefr }kjk blds cgqr
ls çko/kkuksa ij vR;ar ckjhdh ls ppkZ fd, tkus
ds dkj.k bl fo/ks;d ds çfr vf/kdrj fojks/k
uje iM+ x;k FkkA bu fo/ks;dksa ds ikj.k vkSj
vf/kfu;eu ds i'pkr~ bUgsa lafo/kku ¼frgÙkjoka
vkSj pkSgÙkjoka la'kks/ku½ vf/kfu;e ds :i esa
tkuk tkus yxkA
tc bls 23 fnlEcj] 1992 dks fopkj.k
vkSj ikj.k ds fy, jkT; lHkk esa is'k fd;k x;k Fkk
rc yxHkx lHkh jktuSfrd nyksa dk çfrfuf/kRo
dj jgs lnL;ksa us lewps fo/ks;d] fo'ks"k :i ls
iapk;rksa vkSj uxjikfydkvksa esa efgykvksa ds fy,
,d frgkbZ lhVsa vkjf{kr djus ls lacaf/kr mica/k
dk leFkZu fd;k FkkA Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ dh
Jherh lq"kek Lojkt us vius ny dh vksj ls
fo/ks;d dk leFkZu fd;k vkSj efgykvksa ds fy,
,d frgkbZ vkj{k.k ds mica/k dks efgykvksa ds
fy, gekjs lkoZtfud thou esa vxqokbZ dk LFkku
xzg.k djus ds fy, çf'k{k.k çkIr djus ds ,d
volj ds :i esa crk;kA Jherh deyk flUgk us
vk'kk trkbZ fd efgykvksa ds fy, ,d frgkbZ
vkj{k.k 'krkfCn;ksa ls efgykvksa ds lkFk fd, x,
vU;k; dks dqN lhek rd lekIr djsxkA mUgksaus
;g bPNk O;Dr dh fd ljdkj gekjh laln~ vkSj
jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa esa efgykvksa ds fy, LFkku
vkjf{kr djus ds fy, lafo/kku fo/ks;d rS;kj
djsxhA mUgksaus gekjs ns'k esa lkaçnkf;d 'kfDr;ksa
ds fodkl vkSj foLrkj dk mYys[k fd;k vkSj
iqjtksj eglwl fd;k fd iapk;rh jkt laLFkkvksa
vkSj uxjikfydkvksa dks etcwr djds yksxksa dks
viuh-viuh vkdka{kkvksa dks iwjk djus dk volj
çkIr gksxk vkSj ftlls os ml lkaçnkf;drk ls
eqdkcyk djsaxs ftlus yksxksa ds fiNM+siu vkSj
l'kfDrdj.k ugha gksus dk ykHk ysrs gq, viuk
fkukSuk flj mBk;k FkkA mudk ;g ekuuk fd
lqn`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ds cgqr leku gS fd /keZfujis{krk dk lak"kZ
efgykvksa ds vf/kdkjksa dk lak"kZ gSA
Jh xq#nkl nklxqIr us bl fo/ks;d dks
lgh fn'kk esa mBk;k x;k ,d dne crk;k ftlls
xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa 'kfDr;ksa dks ,dtqV djus esa
dfri; ifjorZu vk,xkA lÙkk i{k vkSj foi{k ds
nwljs lHkh lnL;ksa us efgykvksa ds fy, LFkku
vkjf{kr djus okys [k.Mksa dk leFkZu fd;kA
efgykvksa ds fy, LFkku vkjf{kr djus dk
laoS/kkfud tukns'k nsdj] jktho xka/kh dh ljdkj
dh ;g nwjn`f"V Fkh fd gekjs lkoZtfud thou esa
efgykvksa dk O;kid çfrfuf/kRo lqfuf'pr fd;k
tkuk lHkh jkT;ksa ds fy, vfuok;Z cuk fn;k
tk,A oLrqr% gekjs bfrgkl esa igyh ckj efgykvksa
ds fy, vkj{k.k ds eqís dks gekjs ns'k ds ewyHkwr
dkuwu] lafo/kku esa çfr"Bkfir djus dh ladYiuk
dh xbZ FkhA t+ehuh Lrj ij gekjs yksdrkaf=d :i
ls pqus x, fudk;ksa esa lhVksa dks Hkjus ds fy,
efgykvksa ds fy, vkj{k.k dk fopkj j[kus vkSj
bldks lafo/kku dk vax cukus dk ØkfUrdkjh
dne mBkus] ftls çfl) vejhdh fo}ku] çks- xzsufoy
vkfLVu }kjk cM+h dq'kyrkiwoZd ÞçFke vkSj loZJs"B
lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd nLrkostß ds :i esa vafdr
fd;k x;k gS] ds fy, bfrgkl ges'kk Lo- Jh jktho
xka/kh dk vkHkkjh jgsxkA
iapk;rksa esa efgykvksa ds fy, ,d frgkbZ
LFkku vkjf{kr gksus ds dkj.k gh vkt gekjs ;gka
,sls fudk;ksa esa yxHkx nl yk[k efgyk,a pquh xbZ
gSaA ;fn ,d fefy;u ls vf/kd efgyk,a çfrfuf/k
fudk;ksa esa inLFk gSa] rks mlls vf/kd la[;k esa
efgyk,a pquko yM+ jgh gSaA fuokZpu dk;Z esa bruh
vf/kd la[;k esa efgykvksa dh Hkkxhnkjh fdlh Hkh
yksdra= esa vHkwriwoZ gSA ;g gekjh yksdrkaf=d
çfØ;k ds ifjiDo gksus dk |ksrd gS tks
vf/kdkf/kd lekos'kh gksrh tk jgh gSA jkT; lHkk
ds iwoZ lHkkifr LoxhZ; Jh ds- vkj- ukjk;.ku us
LFkkuh; Lrj ij efgykvksa ds fy, 33 çfr'kr
vkj{k.k dk mYys[k djrs gq, dgk Fkk Þftl
mRlqdrk ls gekjh efgykvksa us bl volj dk
ykHk mBk;k gS og çksRlkfgr djus okyk gSA Hkkjr
esa LFkkuh; ljdkjsa yksdra= ds fo'kky fo|ky;
cu xbZ gSa tks t+ehuh Lrj ds fy, jktuhfrd
usr`Ro gsrq çf'k{k.k-LFkyh gSA
laln vkSj jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa nksuksa esa
efgykvksa ds vf/kd çfrfuf/kRo ds fy, vusd
voljksa ij jkT; lHkk esa ladYiksa dk ikfjr
fd;k tkuk
8 ekpZ] 1996 dks vUrjkZ"Vªh; efgyk fnol
ds volj ij jkT; lHkk us ,der ls ,d ladYi
LohÑr fd;k ftlesa jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa vkSj
laln~ esa efgykvksa ds fy, i;kZIr lhVsa vkjf{kr
djus ds fy, laoS/kkfud xkjUVh ds çfr lHkk dh
çfrc)rk O;Dr dh xbZ Fkh vkSj fyax lekurk
vkSj U;k; ds eqís ds laca/k esa uhfr;ksa dh fuxjkuh
ds fy, efgykvksa ds l'kfDrdj.k laca/kh laln dh
nksuksa lHkkvksa dh LFkk;h lfefr dk xBu djus dh
ekax dh xbZ FkhA rRi'pkr~] lfefr xfBr dh xbZ
29

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkSj 6 ebZ] 1997 dks bldh 'kq#vkr dh xbZA
gekjh Lora=rk çkfIr dh Lo.kZ t;Urh ds volj
ij lHkk us 1 flrEcj] 1997 dks ,der ls ,d
ladYi LohÑr fd;k ftlesa fyax U;k; dh LFkkiuk
ij tksj fn;k x;k FkkA 8 ekpZ] 1999 dks vUrjkZ"Vªh;
efgyk fnol ij lHkk us iqu% ,d ladYi Lohdkj
fd;k ftlesa gekjs ns'k ds loksZPp oS/kkfud fudk;
esa efgykvksa ds csgrj çfrfuf/kRo ds fy, laln
dh nksuksa lHkkvksa esa efgykvkas ds fy, i;kZIr vkj{k.k
dh ekax dh xbZ FkhA
jkT; lHkk esa lafo/kku ¼,d lkS vkBoka la'kks/ku½
fo/ks;d] 2008 ij fopkj fd;k tkuk vkSj
mls ikfjr fd;k tkuk
Åij mfYyf[kr Þyksdra= dk fo'kky
fo|ky;ß us laln~ vkSj jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa esa
efgykvksa ds fy, rSarhl çfr'kr vkj{k.k ds fy,
/khjs-/khjs vuqdwy er rS;kj fd;kA iapk;rksa vkSj
vU; LFkkuh; fudk;ksa esa pquh xbZ efgyk çR;kf'k;ksa
}kjk çkIr dh xbZ lQyrk vkSj muds Lora=
dk;Zdj.k us jkT; vkSj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij efgykvksa
ds fy, LFkku vkjf{kr fd, tkus dk vuqdj.k
djus ds fy, iwjs jk"Vª ds lkeus mnkgj.k is'k
fd;k FkkA tc yksd lHkk vkSj jkT; fo/kku lHkkvksa
esa efgykvksa ds fy, ,d frgkbZ LFkku vkjf{kr
djus ds fy, lafo/kku ¼,d lkS vkBoka la'kks/ku½
fo/ks;d] 2008 dks jkT; lHkk esa fopkjkFkZ vkSj
ikfjr fd, tkus ds fy, iqj%LFkkfir fd;k x;k Fkk]
rc dbZ lnL;ksa us iapk;rksa esa efgykvksa }kjk
fuHkkbZ xbZ vkn'kZ Hkwfedk dk mYys[k fd;k vkSj
iwjs jk"Vª dks efgykvksa ds l'kfDrdj.k ds eqís dks
mBkus ds fy, çsfjr djus ds fy, muds çfr viuk
vkHkkj O;Dr fd;kA
jkT; lHkk esa foi{k ds usrk] Jh v#.k
tsVyh us dgk fd lafo/kku ¼frgÙkjoka vkSj pkSgÙkjoka
la'kks/ku½ fo/ks;d ds vf/kfu;fer gks tkus ds i'pkr~
efgykvksa dks mu fudk;ksa ds ,d frgkbZ LFkkuksa ij
vklhu gksus dk volj feyk] ijUrq os rSarhl
çfr'kr dh lhek ls vkxs c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
Jherh oànk dkjr us xr iaæg o"kks± esa iapk;rksa
esa efgykvksa }kjk vnk dh xbZ Hkwfedk dks ,sfrgkfld
crk;kA n`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
esa efgykvksa dks ykrs jgs] rks leku çfrfuf/kRo ds
fy, 200 o"kZ yx tk,axsAß mUgksaus rc viuh
O;aX;ksfDr dks c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
çfrfuf/kRo djus dh vko';drk gSA nqfu;k ds
lokZf/kd çfrf"Br ukjhokfn;ksa esa ls ,d egkRek
xka/kh us 1931 esa fy[kk Fkk fd efgykvksa dks U;k;
çnku fd, cxSj Hkkjr nqfu;k esa çfrLi/kkZ djus
dh {kerk [kks nsxkA blfy, Hkkjr dh çxfr esa
rhozrk ykus vkSj bls oSfÜod 'kfDr cukus ds
ç;klksa ds lanHkZ esa efgykvksa dk l'kfDrdj.k ,d
egRoiw.kZ :i /kkj.k dj ysrk gSA lHkk ds lnL;]
Jh rkfjd vuoj us dgk Fkk fd jktuhfr vkSj
lkoZtfud thou dh eq[; /kkjk esa efgykvksa dks
i;kZIr çfrfuf/kRo fn, cxSj 'kfDr'kkyh rFkk laiUu
Hkkjr dk fuekZ.k ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA
Jherh dkuheks>h us jktuhfr esa efgykvksa
ds vi;kZIr çfrfuf/kRo ds dkj.k muds lkis{k
egRo dks è;ku esa j[ks cxSj laln esa dkuwuksa vkSj
ctV dks ikfjr djkus dk mYys[k fd;kA og
vdsyh lnL;k gSa ftUgksaus tyok;q ifjorZu dk
mYys[k fd;k vkSj iwNk fd ÞD;k tyok;q ifjorZu
dk ge ij çHkko ugha gksrk gS\ß mUgksaus ;g dgrs
gq, mÙkj fn;k fd Þ;fn bl ns'k dh efgykvksa dks
;g dgus dk volj fn;k tkrk fd os D;k dguk
pkgrh gSa] rks fLFkfr ,dne fHkUu gksrhAß
Jh ujs'k xqtjky us bl fo/ks;d dks rc ,d
u;k vk;ke ns fn;k tc mUgksaus ;g dgk fd ;g
efgykvksa ij gq, ccZj vU;k; dks lacksf/kr djus
okyk foæksgkRed fo/kku gSA mUgksaus lw{e n`f"V
ls fVIi.kh dh fd Þefgyk vkj{k.k fo/ks;d] tks
L=h-iq#"k ds chp fujUrj vlekurkvksa dh igpku
djrk gS rFkk jkT; fo/kkueaMyksa ,oa laln esa ,d
frgkbZ LFkkuksa dks vkjf{kr dj L=h tkfr dks 'kfDr
çnku djus dh ekax djrk gS] dk çHkko oLrqr% mu
o"kks± iqjkuh laLFkkvksa ds fo#) dqN vFkks± esa foæksg
gS ftUgksaus çtkrkaf=d laLFkkvksa dh LFkkiuk
ds le; ls gh jktuhfr ls efgykvksa dks nwj
j[kk gSAß
efgyk l'kfDrdj.k dk O;kid vFkZ
Jh vofu jk; }kjk fn;k x;k tc mUgksaus efgykvksa
ds fy, visf{kr lEeku dh n`f"V ls efgyk
l'kfDrdj.k dh O;k[;k dhA mUgksaus tksj nsdj
dgk fd ;g fo/ks;d dsoy vkj{k.k ds fy, ugha
gS] u gh ;g gekjs ns'k dh yksd lHkk vFkok
fo/kku lHkkvksa esa efgykvksa ds vkus ds fy, gS(
cfYd ;g efgykvksa ds çfr lEeku çnf'kZr djus
dh vko';drk ds fy, gSA mUgksaus dgk fd dsoy
rHkh mudk okLrfod l'kfDrdj.k gksxkA
lnu ds usrk vkSj ç/kku ea=h Mk- eueksgu
flag Hkkjr ds lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd fodkl dh
iw.kZ laHkkO;rk dks eglwl djus ds fy, efgykvksa
ds fo#) lHkh çdkj ds HksnHkko ,oa fgalk dks
lekIr djuk pkgrs FksA mUgksaus bldk o.kZu ukjhRo
ds lekjksg ds :i esa fd;k rFkk bl fo/ks;d dks
efgykvksa }kjk jk"Vª fuekZ.k vkSj Lora=rk lak"kZ dh
çfØ;k esa fn, x, muds cfynkuksa ds çfr gekjh
J)katfy ds ,d NksVs Le`fr&fpUg~ ds :i esa
fd;kA
o"kZ 1947 esa egkRek xka/kh us lq"kqIr iM+h
efgykvksa dh vn~Hkqr 'kfDr rFkk kj ds dksus esa ncs
33

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
iM+s iwoZtksa ds [ktkus ds chp lekurk crkrs gq,
dgk fd ml [ktkus dh [kkst ds lkFk ;g volj
fdruk lekjksgiw.kZ gksxkA yksd lHkk vkSj jkT;
fo/kku-eaMyksa esa efgykvksa ds fy, 33 çfr'kr
LFkkuksa dk vkj{k.k mudh vn~Hkqr 'kfDr dk mi;ksx
djus dh fn'kk esa ,d dne gSA Jh lhrkjke ;spqjh
us xka/kh th ds Hkko dks xzg.k fd;k tc mUgksaus
dgk] Þ;g dsoy efgykvksa dh ekaxksa dks eku ysuk
ugha gS cfYd ge bl rjg ns'k ds çfr vius
lkekftd nkf;Ro dks fuHkk jgs gSa vkSj ;g fd ge
csgrj Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k ds fy, mu fNih gqbZ

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
nks"kh gSaA ;g fdlh O;fDr ds çfr i{kikr djus
vFkok vU;k; djus tSlk gS] tks gekjs ns'k ds Hkkoh
fodkl ds fy, ykHknk;d ugha gSA eq>s iwjk
fo'okl gS fd gekjk okLrfod ,oa ewyHkwr fodkl
rHkh gksxk tc efgykvksa dks lkoZtfud thou esa
viuh Hkwfedk fuHkkus dk iwjk volj feysxkA tgka
dgha Hkh mUgsa ;g volj feyk gS] dqy feykdj
mUgksaus vkSlr vkneh dh rqyuk esa vPNk dk;Z
fd;k gS vkSj ;fn eSa dgwa ] rks csgrj dk;Z fd;k gSA
gekjs dkuwuksa dks iq#"k us cuk;k gS] gekjs lekt
ij iq#"kksa dk çHkqRo gS vkSj blfy, ge esa ls
vf/kdka'k LoHkkor% bl fo"k; ij ,drjQk n`f"Vdks.k
j[krs gSaA ge oLrqfu"B ugha gks ikrs gSa] D;ksafd ge
dfri; fopkjksa ,oa O;ogkjksa ds lkaps esa iys-c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
iwoksZÙkj dk xguk&f'kykax dk D;k dguk
& HkkysUnq Hkw"k.k f}osnh
gekjk I;kjk Hkkjro"kZ
gh fo'o esa ,d ,slk vuwBk
ns'k gS ftls bZ'oj vkSj
çÑfr nksuksa us gj çdkj dh
çkÑfrd lEinkvksa ls lEiUu
fd;k gSA ,slk çrhr gksrk
gS ekuks bZ'oj us ,dkxzfpr
gksdj lEiw.kZ fo'o dh jpuk dh vkSj Hkkjro"kZ dks
viuk lokZf/kd Lusg çnku fd;k gksA dgha ,d
vksj xxupqEch ioZr Ükà[kyk,a gSa] rks nwljh vksj
vusdkusd ekSleA ,d vksj e#LFky-lk lw[kkiu
gS] rks nwljh vksj xoksZUur cQhZyh pksfV;kaA Hkkjro"kZ
ds gh vU; HkwHkkx ij fo'kky leqæ mlds iSj
i[kkt jgk gS rFkk nk,a-ck,a fo'kky leqæ dh
vufxur ygjsa lnSo vB[ksfy;ka djrh jgrh gSaA
vkt yksx ns'k dh rks NksfM+,] iwjs fo'o esa
Hkze.k djds viuh [kqf'k;ksa esa pkj pkan yxkuk
pkgrs gSaA ijUrq Hkkjro"kZ esa vc Hkh yk[kksa djksM+ksa
fuoklh ,sls gksaxs ftUgksaus fo'o dk rks D;k iwjs
Hkkjr dk gh Hkze.k ugha fd;k gksxkA dsUæh; ljdkj
rFkk jkT; ljdkjksa us vius deZpkfj;ksa dks NqV~Vh
;k=k fj;k;r ¼,y-Vh-lh-½ dh lqfo/kk çnku djds
mUgsa de-ls-de Hkkjr Hkze.k dk rks vewY; volj
çnku fd;k gSA bl o"kZ twu ekg esa geus Hkh
dsUæh; ljdkj }kjk çnku fd, x, bl vewY;
ekSds dk Qk;nk + mBk;kA Qk;nk + Hkh ,slk fd Hkkjro"kZ
dk fLoV~T+kjySaM dgs tkus okys iwoksZÙkj {ks= ds ,d
uxhus-f'kykax dh lifjokj vfoLej.kh; ;k=k dk
dk;ZØe cuk fy;kA
f'kykax Hkkjro"kZ ds iwoksZÙkj jkT; eskky;
dh jkt/kkuh gSA f'kykax xqokgkVh rFkk dksydkrk
ls ok;q ekxZ rFkk lM+d ekxZ ls HkyhHkkafr tqM+k
gqvk gSA xqokgkVh ls f'kykax lM+d ekxZ }kjk
yxHkx lk

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ijarq /kqa/k us ;gka Hkh jkLrk jksdkA dkQh barT+kkj ds
ckn dqN QkYl /kqa/kys ls fn[kkbZ fn,A dksgjk
iw.kZr;k NaVus ds ckn gh gesa bu QkYl dk
vfoLej.kh; n`'; ns[kus dks feykA
;s xqQk,a igkM+ksa ds chp esa ikuh ds fjlus ls
çkÑfrd :i ls cuh gSa rFkk bu xqQkvksa esa ikuh
fjlus ls ogka ds iRFkjksa ij fHkUu-fHkUu çdkj dh
vkÑfr;ka cu xbZ gSa vkSj dgha dgha rks iwjs LraHk gh
cu x, gSaA
1
3
blds i'pkr~] gekjk dkfQyk ^eksLebZ*
xqQkvksa dh rjQ fudy iM+kA ^eksLebZ* xqQk,a
T+kehu ds vanj çkÑfrd :i ls fufeZr pwuk-iRFkj
ls cuh xqQk,a gSa ftuesa n'kZd ,d fdyksehVj rd
vUnj tk ldrs gSaA 'ks"k ekxZ rd igq¡p vHkh Hkh
laHko ugha gSA
2
çkÑfrd :i ls cuh bu pwuk-iRFkjksa dh
xqQkvksa dks ns[kdj vk'p;Z dk fBdkuk ugha jgrkA
'kk;n fdlh dks vanktk Hkh ugha gksxk fd brus
kus taxyksa esa ,slk ykseg"kZd uT+kkjk Hkh ns[kus dks
fey ldrk gSA rRi'pkr~] geus ogk¡ vkl-ikl
cuh dbZ cfLr;ksa dk nkSjk fd;kA ogka] çeq[kr%]
[kklh leqnk; fuokl djrk gSA [kklh leqnk; dh
[+kkfl;r ;g gS fd ;g ,d ekr`ç/kku lekt gS
tgk¡ 'kknh ds ckn yM+ds dks iRuh ds kj esa jguk
iM+rk gS rFkk mldk ^ljuse* viukuk iM+rk gSA
bu lHkh LFkkuksa dk nkSjk djrs-djrs gesa dkQh
Fkdku dk vuqHko gksus yxk FkkA vr%] ge okfil
f'kykax vius xsLV gkml dks py iM+sA
vxys fnu fQj geus VwfjLV VSDlh ls psjkiwath
ds nwljh vksj fLFkr {ks=ksa dk Hkze.k çkjaHk fd;kA
37

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
blh Øe esa geus ^ekSfyuksax* uked xkao dk nkSjk
fd;k ftls bl {ks= dk lokZf/kd LoPN xzke rFkk
vkn'kZ xzke kksf"kr fd;k x;k gSA okdbZ] ogk¡ dh
LoPNrk n'kZuh; FkhA ml xzke dk çR;sd ifjokj
vkRefuHkZj FkkA gesa ;g Hkh crk;k x;k fd mDr
xzke esa lHkh yksx iw.kZr;k lk{kj gSa rFkk xzke dks
,d vkn'kZ xzke cuk, j[kus ds fy, os lHkh dM+h
esgur djrs gSaA bl xzke esa geus ckal ls cus dbZ
edku ns[ks ftUgsa i;ZVdksa gsrq jsLV gkml dk :i
ns fn;k x;k gSA
4
5
rRi'pkr~] geus ^ekSfyuksax* xzke fLFkr ,d
vkSj vfoLej.kh; vkSj vn~Hkqr uT+kkjk ns[kk] vkSj
og uT+kkjk Fkk ^fyfoax :V fczt*A ;g iqy ^csfu;kWu
Vªh* dh tM+ksa ls cuk ,d çkÑfrd iqy gS tks ogk¡
cg jgh NksVh-lh unh ij cuk gSA bldk bLrseky
vkl-ikl ds xkao okys vkokxeu gsrq djrs gSaA
6
bu edkuksa dks ,d isM+ ds lkFk cus ckal ds
epku ls tksM+k x;k gS rkfd ogka ij vkus okys
i;ZVd çÑfr ds chp igqapdj vlhfer vkuan
çkIr dj ldsaA blh xzke esa geus ckal dk cuk ,d
cgqr cM+k epku ns[kk tgka ls caxyk ns'k dh /kjrh
iw.kZr;k Li"V fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA ogka dk uT+kkjk ns[k
dj ,slk çrhr gks jgk Fkk ekuks çÑfr us rks ;gk¡
lEiw.kZ /kjrh ij viuh Lof.kZe NVk fc[ksj nh gS]
ijarq ekuo us vius LokFkZ ds fy, bl vçfre
lkSxkr dk caVokjk djds vyx&vyx ns'k cuk
fn, gSaA
^ekSfyuksax* esa geus yxHkx çR;sd kj esa fofHkUu
çdkj ds Qwyksa ds ikS/ks] Qyksa ds isM+ rFkk dVgy
vkSj vukukl ds isM+ ns[ks rFkk isM+ ds ids vukukl
dk e/kqj Lokn Hkh fy;kA ogka yxs lqikjh ds isM+ksa
dh NVk Hkh vn~Hkqr FkhA
38

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
7
çÑfr ds bu vn~Hkqr ut+kjksa dks ns[krs-ns[krs
'kke dc fkj vkbZ] irk gh u pykA ge lHkh Fkdsgkjs
okil f'kykax vius xsLV gkml dh vksj py
fn,A
8
^ekSfyuksax* vkn'kZ xzke ls okil vkrs le;
çÑfr dk ,d vkSj vn~Hkqr uT+kkjk gekjh jkg ns[k
jgk FkkA og uT+kkjk Fkk ^cSysaflax jkWd* dkA ,d
NksVs ls iRFkj ij ,d cgqr gh cM+k iRFkj u tkus
fdl çdkj fVdk gS] ;g ns[kdj gekjs vk'p;Z dk
ikjkokj u jgkA
f'kykax fLFkr çÑfr ds vueksy [ktkus ls
dbZ cgqewY; uT+kkjs rks geus ns[k gh fy, FksA ijarq
dqN vU; uT+kkjs vHkh ns[ks tkus ckdh Fks ftUgsa ns[ks
cxSj gekjh f'kykax ;k=k iwjh ugha gksrhA og Fks
^,yhQsUV QkYl* rFkk ^f'kykax ihd* ds vn~Hkqr
uT+kkjsA lks geus vxys fnu ^,yhQsUV QkYl* rFkk
^f'kykax ihd* tkus ds fy, dej dl yhA loZçFke]
geus ^,yhQsUV QkYl* dk #[k fd;kA ^,yhQsUV
QkYl* Hkh f'kykax ds egRoiw.kZ i;ZVd LFkyksa esa ls
,d gSA ogka ij dkQh osx ls ikuh uhps dh vksj
fxjrk gS rFkk dbZ /kkjkvksa esa caVk-lk çrhr gksrk
gSA geus Hkh çÑfr ds bl vçfre uT+kkjs dks vius
dSejs esa dSn djus esa dksbZ pwd ugha dh rFkk dbZ
vU; ;knxkj fp= Hkh fy,A
10
9
ogka ij cPpksa us ^[kklh Mªsl* esa QksVks Hkh
f[kapkbZA
39

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
rRi'pkr~] f'kykax Hkze.k dk gekjk vkf[kjh
xarO; LFky Fkk f'kykax ihdA ;g f'kykax fLFkr
ok;q lsuk csl ds vUrxZr iM+rk gS rFkk ogka tkus
ds fy, ogka ds l{ke çkf/kdkfj;ksa ls vuqefr ysuh
iM+rh gSA ^f'kykax ihd* ij ,d cM+k lk Vkoj cuk
gqvk gS ftl ij p

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lrjaxh çse ygfj;ka
& czt eksgu vjksM+k
frjNh ut+jksa ds iksjksa ls
pqids-pqids
Nqids-Nqids
gesa kwjus dh mUgsa vknr-lh gks x;h gS
vkSj ge
kk;y i{kh dh rjg
vius kk;y ia[kksa esa ls
cg jgs
[kwu ds drjksa dks
fxuus esa yxs jgrs gSa
vkSj
u tkus dc
og viuh lgsyh ds lkFk
viuh tqYQ+ksa dks
laokjrs gq,
esjh ;knksa dh iryh xyh esa [kks tkrh gS
vkSj
pqids-pqids
Nqids-Nqids
Hkhrj ls
;knksa dks VVksyus dh
ehBh-ehBh
lrjaxh çse ygfj;ka mBrh jgrh gSa
41

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
gSfl;r
& lfjrk 'kekZ
^[kcjnkj vkxs ls rqeus
eSMe dks Qksu fd;k rksA
iqfyl ls idM+ok nw¡xkA
ukSdj gks viuh gSfl;r esa
jgksA* foosd eksckby ij NksVw
dks Mk¡V jgk FkkA ^Bhd gS
lkgc! xyrh gks xbZA nhnh
ls ,sls gh gky-pky tkuus ds fy, Qksu feyk
fn;k FkkA* dk¡irh vkokt ls dgrs gq, NksVw jks
iM+kA
ftl kj esa ik¡p lky rd fnuHkj ,d&,d
dke esa gkFk caVk;k] ogha ds fy, ijk;k gks x;kA
D;k xjhc vkneh ds ikl fny ugha gSA ekyfdu
dks og nhnh dgrk Fkk tks mls cgqr nqykj djrh
FkhA NksVw Hkh rks Hkkx-Hkkxdj mudh lsok djrk Fkk
vkSj yap ds fy, Qy-lykn dkVdj nsrk FkkA
njvly] nhnh dks rks og mudh 'kknh ls igys ls
tkurk gSA NksVw dk firk nhnh ds ek;ds esa ukSdj
gSA nhnh dh lkl MkaV-MiV djrh rks nhnh ckn esa
lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkrh FkhA blfy, mls yxrk Fkk fd
og kj dk lnL; gSA nhnh ds dgus ls gh mlus
xkM+h pykuk lh[k fy;k Fkk vkSj eksVj eSdsfud
dk dkslZ Hkh dj fy;k FkkA
fiNys eghus gh mldh ukSdjh dkj lfoZflax
lsaVj esa yx xbZ FkhA exj mldk eu rks vc Hkh
nhnh ds kj ij gh NwV x;k FkkA nks-rhu ckj rks
nhnh us Qksu ij vPNh rjg ls ckr dhA ,d fnu
og ukjkt FkhA ^rqe eq>s Qksu er fd;k djks]
foosd ukjkt gksrs gSA* exj NksVw dk eu ugha
ekuk vkSj mlus vxys fnu fQj Qksu feyk;k rks
foosd us gh mBk fy;k vkSj mls mldh gSfl;r
crk nhA cM+s yksxksa dk fny bruk rax gS fd
vkneh dks ekfyd-ukSdj ds fj'rs esa ck¡Vdj ges'kk
nwjh cuk, j[krk gSA
μ tks iq#"kkFkZ ugha djrs mUgsa /u] fe=k] ,s'o;Z] lq[k] LokLF;] 'kkafr vkSj larks"k
çkIr ugha gksrsA
&osnO;kl
42

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
;U=kuqokn ^ea=*&jkT; lHkk ifj;kstuk
& lat; dqekj [kqlhZtk
vuqokn vius laKk :i
esa Hkys gh ljy yxs] fdarq
fØ;k ds :i esa og vR;ar
tfVy gSA ,sls esa ;a=kuqokn
fdruk tfVy gksxk bldh
dYiuk lgt gh dh tk
ldrh gSA vuqokn ls vk'k;
,d Hkk"kk vFkkZr~ Lkzksr Hkk"kk ds dF; dks nwljh Hkk"kk
vFkkZr~ y{; Hkk"kk esa bl :i esa çdV djus ls gS
fd og mlesa lgt yxsA mRre vuqokn ogh gksrk
gS tks ewy dF; ds ;FkklaHko lehi jgs] vFkkZr~ ewy
dF; ls u rks vf/kd dgs vkSj u gh deA Lkzksr
Hkk"kk ds dF; ds lehi jgrs gq, y{; Hkk"kk esa
lgt gksuk fu'p; gh pqukSrhiw.kZ gSA
,sls esa eq>s ,d kVuk dk Lej.k vkrk gSA
ckr mu fnuksa dh gS tc eSa dsUæh; vuqokn C;wjks
esa lsokdkyhu vuqokn ikBîØe dh d{kk esa FkkA
f'k{kd us ikBîØe ds çk;% vafre fnuksa esa d{kk
esa lcls iwNk Fkk fd vuqokn ds laca/k esa mudh
D;k jk; gS\ ,d çf'k{kkFkhZ us dgk Fkk fd esjh
le> esa vuqokn dh lcls cM+h leL;k ;g
gS fd ;g djuk iM+rk gSA vFkkZr~ dksbZ ,slh
e'khu ugha cuh tks vuqoknd dks bl djuk fØ;k
ls eqfDr fnyk nsA ;g kVuk djhc 20 ls 22 o"kZ
iqjkuh gSA ml çf'k{k.kkFkhZ dh ckr ij iwjh d{kk esa
tksjnkj Bgkds yxs Fks] fdarq f'k{kd us le>k;k Fkk
fd ;g eT+kkd dh ckr ugha gSA ;g lp gS fd
vuqoknd ds fy, vuqokndeZ ls cpus dk dksbZ
mik; ugha gS] bldk dksbZ 'kkWVZdV ugha gks ldrkA
vki lHkh yksx ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa dke djrs gSa]
tgka vkids dk;Z dks f}rh;d le>k tkrk gSA
vaxzsT+kh esa lok lkS i`"Bksa ds nLrkost dks rS;kj
djus esa Hkys gh nks eghus yxs gksa] fdarq fgUnh
vuqHkkx ls mldk LoPN Vafdr fganh :ikarj rhu
fnu esa ekaxk tkrk gSA ;g dk;Z çk;% rhu vuqokndksa]
,d iqujh{kd vkSj nks Vaddksa dh enn ls djuk
gksrk gSA vaxzsT+kh esa dke djus okys vius dk;Z dks
eq[; vkSj vuqokn dk;Z dks xkS.k le>rs gSa] mUgsa
yxrk gS fd bl dk;Z esa dqN Hkh fo'ks"k ugha gSA
mudh bl /kkj.kk dks vkidks ifjofrZr djuk
gksxkA mUgsa vuqokndeZ ds fofHkUu lksikuksa] vuqokndeZ
dh tfVyrk ls voxr djkuk gksxkA ;g ckr lp
gS fd vH;kl ls phT+ksa vklku gks tkrh gSaA vuqokn
Hkh mldk viokn ugha gSA pwafd ge çfrfnu gh
vuqokn djrs gSa] blfy, gesa ;g lgt yxrk gS]
fdarq oLrqr% ;g ewy ys[ku ls vf/kd dfBu gSA
ewy ys[kd ds fy, dksbZ lhek,a ugha gSa] ysfdu
vuqokn fujarj ewy dF; dh ifjf/k ls ca/kk gS]
mldk dke la;e dk gSA mldk la;e Hkax gqvk
ugha] fd mldk vuqokn =qfViw.kZ gqvkA ml le;
rks ckr vk;h-x;h gks x;hA
fofHkUu ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa dk;Z djrs gq,
eq>s vuqokndeZ ls vf/kd vuqokn vuqHkkx vkSj
mlds dfeZ;ksa ds fy, eku-lEeku] muds fy,
43

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds cjkcj osru] inksUufr] vf/kdkj]
lqfo/kk,a] dk;ZLFkku lqfuf'pr djus ds eqís vis{kkÑr
vf/kd tfVy yxsA ljdkjh dk;kZy;ksa esa vuqoknd
vaxzsT+kh esa rS;kj çys[k dk çFke ikBd gksrk gSA
bl ukrs dqN çys[kksa dks i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ikap - ewy vf/kfu;eksa ds lkFk-lkFk la'kks/ku
fo/ks;dksa dh Hkh çfof"V ç;ksDrk dks djuh iM+rh
FkhA Ng & lkWVos;j buiqV :i esa ek= VsDLV
Q+kby dks Lohdkj djrk Fkk vkSj rn~uqlkj vuqokn
çLrqr djrk Fkk] vFkkZr~ vuqokn esa QkesZfVax dks
cjdjkj ugha j[kk tk ldrk FkkA lkr & ^ea=jkT;
lHkk* ds vkjafHkd :ikarj esa iwjh Q+kby dk
vuqokn ,d-lkFk gksrk Fkk vFkkZr~ ;g laHko ugha Fkk
fd fdlh ,d okD; dk flLVe ls nksckjk vuqokn
djk fy;k tk,A
^ea=-jkT; lHkk* ifj;kstuk lh-MSd ,oa
jkT; lHkk lfpoky; dh ,d vuqla/kku ,oa fodkl
ifj;kstuk gSA vr%] ;g vko';d Fkk fd bl
ifj;kstuk dks la;qDr :i ls ifjpkfyr fd;k
tkrkA bl vko';drk dks le>rs gq, jkT; lHkk
lfpoky; vkSj lh-MSd nksuksa us feydj ,d la;qDr
fodkl ny dk xBu fd;k vkSj mls fodkl
laca/kh ;Fkko';d fu.kZ; ysus ds vf/kdkj lkSaisA
la;qDr ny ds lnL; fujarj laidZ esa jgus yxs]
muds fy, fnYyh vkSj iq.ks esa le;-le; ij
dk;Z'kkyk,a vk;ksftr dh tkus yxhaA vkSj fQj
/khjs-/khjs la;qDr ny dk dk;Z lkWVos;j dh n{krk
esa ifjyf{kr gksus yxkA
la;qDr ny us dqN egRoiw.kZ fu.kZ; fy,]
ftlls fd mDr dfe;ksa dks nwj fd;k tk
ldsA ,d & inca/k ;FkklaHko NksVs cuk, tk,aA
nks & inca/k cukus esa ;FkklaHko ;kstd 'kCnksa ,oa
fojke fpg~Ukksa dks chp esa u fy;k tk,A rhu - fnu]
fnukad] vkSj vadksa ds vuqokn dk ekudhdj.k
fd;k tk, vkSj lkWVos;j esa mudh igpku djds
mUgsa MkVkcsl esa lgsts fcuk mudk vkWu ykbZ
vuqokn djus dh {kerk fodflr dh tk,A
pkj & O;fDrukeksa esa Jh] Mk-] lqJh] Jherh vkfn
dks feykdj inca/k u cuk, tk,a vkSj lkWVos;j esa
bUgsa Lor% uke ds lkFk la;ksftr j[kus dh {kerk
fodflr dh tk,A ikap & lkWVos;j esa
vf/kfu;eksa] fo/ks;dksa] la'kks/ku fo/ks;dksa] fu;eksa]
fofu;eksa] vkns'kksa vkfn dh igpku djus] MkVkcsl
dh ewy çfof"V ls mldk vuqokn rS;kj djus dh
n{krk fodflr dh tk,A Ng &lkWVos;j dks
buiqV :i esa VsDLV ds lkFk&lkFk MkWd ¼,e ,l
oMZ½ Qkby Hkh Lohdkj djus vkSj mlds QkesZfVax
QhplZ vFkkZr ist lsVvi] ekftZu] cksYM-bVsfyDl]
Vscy vkfn dks cjdjkj j[kus esa l{ke cuk;k
tk,A lkr & lkWVos;j dsk 'ks"k vuqokn dks cjdjkj
j[krs gq, ek= pqfuank okD; dk iqu% vuqokn djus esa
rduhdh n`f"V ls l{ke cuk;k tk,A
;s fu.kZ; ysuk ftruk nq"dj dk;Z Fkk] mlls
dgha nq"dj dk;Z bu fu.kZ;ksa dks dk;kZfUor djus
dk FkkA bu fu.kZ;ksa dk dk;kZUo;u fiNys dk;Z dks
vufd;k dj nsus tSlk FkkA ysfdu la;qDr ny dks
fo'okl Fkk fd bu fu.kZ;ksa ds dk;kZUo;u ds mijkar
lkWVos;j dh n{krk esa lq/kkj gksxk vkSj og le;
vkSj ifj'kq)rk nksuksa gh dlkSfV;ksa ij vius orZeku
:i ls csgrj fl) gksxkA bl fo'okl ds vk/kkj
ij ,d vksj] djhc Ms

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ds rhu çeq[k lalnh; i=ksa vFkkZr~ lHkk iVy ij
j[ks tkus okys i=] dk;kZofy vkSj lalnh; lekpkj
Hkkx-1 ds leLr MkVk ds lesdu] fof'k"V lajpukvksa
ds p;u] varj.k] O;kdj.k ys[ku vkfn dk dk;Z
Hkh pyrk jgkA
yxHkx ,d-Ms

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vuqoknd dk LFkku ys ysxkA tcfd ;g lp ugha
gS] ;g vuqokn dk çLrko djrk gSA vuqokn]
oLrqr%] vuqoknd gh djrk gS] ;g lkWVos;j
mldh bl dk;Z esa enn djrk gSA Q+kby viyksM
djus ds vijkar vuqoknd lkWVos;j dks vuqokn
çLrqr djus dk funsZ'k nsrk gS vkSj lkWVos;j
okD;-nj-okD; vuqokn çLrqr djrk pyrk gSA
bl Øe esa ;fn fdlh okD; esa dksbZ u;k 'kCn] 'kCn
:i ;k inca/k vkrk gS rks lkWVos;j mldh fgUnh]
mlds i;kZ; vkSj mldh O;kdjf.kd Js.kh iwNrk
gS vkSj fQj vuqoknd }kjk crk;h x;h lwpuk dks
lgst ysrk gS vkSj vuqoknd }kjk nh xbZ lwpuk
dks viuh-iwoZ-lwpukvksa ls la;ksftr djds dPpk
vuqokn çLrqr djrk gSA tc iwjh Q+kby dk
vuqokn gks tkrk gS] rks vuqoknd ml vuqokn dks
okD;-nj-okD; i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
gSA ,d gh orZuh okys vaxzst+h 'kCn ds ,dkf/kd
vFkZ gksus dh n'kk esa lkWVos;j }kjk i;kZ;okph
'kCnksa dk çLrko fd;k tkrk gS vkSj vuqoknd dks
mi;qDr i;kZ; dk p;u djuk gksrk gSA mnkgj.k
ds fy,] vaxzsT+kh 'kCn ps;jeSu dh O;kdjf.kd Js.kh
rks laKk gS fdarq lanHkZ ds vk/kkj ij ;g dgha
v/;{k gS vkSj dgha lHkkifrA vki pkgsa rks lkWVos;j
ls lHkh lanHkks± esa vuqokn v/;{k ;k lHkkifr ds
:i esa çkIr dj ldrs gSaA fdarq og dqN lanHkks± esa
rks lgh gksxk vkSj dqN esa x+yrA mi;qDr i;kZ;
ds p;u ds vykok vU; dksbZ mik; ugha gSA
vr%] ;a=kuqokn ekuoh; gLr{ksi ds fcuk
laHko ugha gSA vHkh mldh {kerkvksa dk ugha]
mldh ;ksX;rkvksa dk vkdyu djus dk le; gSA
;g vHkh viuh 'kS'ko voLFkk esa gSA bldk ewY;kadu
;g D;k ugha djrk ds vk/kkj ij ugha] vfirq
;g D;k djrk gS ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkuk
pkfg,A vxj ewY;kadu D;k ugha djrk ds
vk/kkj ij gksus yxs rks vuqoknd gh D;ksa lewph
ekuork gh foQy uT+kj vk,xhA vuqoknd rhl
o"kZ rd Hkk"kk dk vtZu djus ds mijkar vuqokn ds
{ks= esa vk;k gS] dEI;wVj us rks vHkh bl {ks= esa
dne j[kk gh gSA fdarq mlds bl dne j[kus Hkj
ls ;fn gekjs eu esa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk mRiUu gks
jgh gS] rks dnkfpr~ gesa viuh ;ksX;rk] n{krk vkSj
dkS'ky ij Hkjkslk ugha gSA dEI;wVj ekuo dk
vkfo"dkj gS] og dHkh ekuo dks iNkM+ ugha ldrkA
gk¡] ;a=kuqokn esa vikj laHkkouk,a gSa] vko';drk gS
muds nksgu dhA
D;k vki tkurs gSa fdμ
--- egku 'kY; fpfdRld lqJqr] ftUgksaus 'kY;&fØ;k dk laLÑr xzUFk ^lqJqr
lafgrk* fy[kk Fkk] okjk.klh esa vkokl djrs FksA
--- XywdksehVj ds ç;ksx ls e/qesg jksxh vius kj ij gh fcuk fdlh dh lgk;rk
ds fu;fer varjky esa jDr&'kdZjk dh tkap Lo;a gh dj ldrs gSaA
--- fizQT+ch dk vkfo"dkj vejhdk ds ;wVk jkT; ds fuokth okWYVj izQsMfjd
ekWjhlu us fd;k FkkA
--- bZ&iqLrdsa dkxt+ ds ctk; fMftVy lafpdk ds :i esa gksrh gSa ftUgsa dEI;wVj]
eksckby ,oa vU; fMftVy ;a=kksa ij i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkt dh larku
& lqjs'k dqekj
fj'rksa dks ;w¡ gh rksM+rs] tSls dPpk lwr]
vieku eka-cki dk djus yxs diwrA
dSls gks larku ij vc dksbZ vfHkeku]
vius gh kj ij cus vupkgs esgekuA
ekrk-firk esa clrk gS lk{kkr~ Hkxoku]

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fdLlk xk¡o dk
& txékFk çlkn eSBk.kh
fnYyh dh >qylrh
ril] meliw.kZ lQj] okguksa
dh jsaxrh pky vkSj mudk
fkjZ-fkjZ djrk 'kksj] efD[k;ksa
dh rjg fHkufHkukrh HkhM+ ls
futkr rks ugha fey ldrh
gS ysfdu blls dqN fnu
lqdwu ikus ds fy, eSa xfeZ;ksa esa vius xk¡o x cqjkal ds taxy] fjef>e o"kkZ
ds lkFk baæ/kuq"kh ekSle vkSj vB[ksfy;ka djrs
ckny gjsd O;fDr dks viuh vksj cjcl vkdf"kZr
djrs gSaA
ijarq çÑfr fdruh gh esgjcku D;ksa u gks]
vk/kqfudrk dh nkSM+] lq[k-lqfo/kkvksa dh gksM+ us
xk¡oksa dks Hkh vNwrk ugha j[kk gSA varj flQZ bruk
gS fd 'kgj esa O;fDr ds ikl lc dqN gksrs gq, og
v'kkar] HkhM+ esa vfLrRo ghu] vdsyk eglwl djrk
gSA mlls ljksdkj j[kus okys cgqr de gksrs gSa]
vxj dksbZ j[krk gS rks dksbZ LokFkZ fufgr gksrk gSA
tcfd ogka O;fDr ds ikl dqN u gksrs gq, Hkh
'kkar] eLr jgrk gS vkSj HkkxnkSM+ ls ijs jgrk gSA
mlls lkjk xk¡o fu%LokFkZ ljksdkj j[krk gS] mldk
xk¡o esa vfLrRo gksrk gS] ,d igpku gksrh gSA ijarq
okf.kT;hdj.k ,oa çÑfr dk nksgu vius iSj ilkj
pqdk gS vkSj og fnu nwj ugha tc igkM+ lw[ks gks
tk,axsA yxHkx gj xk¡o esa nks-pkj fdjkus dh
nqdkusa vkSj 10-12 pk; ds

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lM+d mlus vius QaM ls cuokbZ] D;k xzke ç/kku
dks Hkh QaM feyus yxk gS\ Hkz"Vkpkj esa Hkh csbZekuh
djrs gaSA buls vPNs rks os iqfylokys gSa tks xkM+h
okyksa ls iSls ysdj mUgsa fQj rax ugha djrs gSa]
ikjnf'kZrk cjrrs gSa] csbZekuh esa bZekunkjh ls dke
djrs gSaAß rHkh chp esa ,d vkneh eq>s kwjrs gq,
cksyk] Þvjs HkkbZ] laln esa bl laca/k esa D;k uhfr cu
jgh gSß\ blls igys fd eSa dqN dgrk] nwljk
cksyk] Þvjs ;kj! rqEgkjk ogk¡ gksus dk D;k Qk;nk]
fdlh dh rks vkt rd ukSdjh yxkbZ ugha] vjs rqe
rks ogk¡ eaf=;ksa] lkalnksa ds chp jgrs gks] esjs yM+ds
dh rks ukSdjh yxok nksßA eSa eu gh eu cqncqnk;k]
Þge rks dkexkj gSaA [kqn gh ceqf'dy xqT+kkjk
djrs gSaA
eSa mudk Hkze cjdjkj j[krs gq, pqipki ogk¡
ls f[kld x;k vkSj ikl dh nwljh nqdku esa cSB
x;kA ml nqdku esa 30-32 o"kZ iqjkuh kVuk ij
ckr gks jgh FkhA fot; uke dk O;fDr dg jgk Fkk
fd] Þ#dek vius nks csVksa ds lkFk llqjky esa viuk
fgLlk ek¡xus vk;h gSAß #dek dk uke vkrs gh
esjh #fp mudh ckrksa esa tkxhA eSaus fot; ls iwNk
fd ÞdkSu #dek\ß nsosUæ chp esa cksy iM+k] Þvjs
ogh] cpu flag dh csVhAß eSaus dgk] Þog rks ej
xbZ FkhAß nsosUæ] Þvjs ugha] og ejh ugha Fkh] mls
dksbZ /kks[kk nsdj ys x;k FkkAß mlds bruk dgrs
gh eSa vokd ~ gks x;k vkSj esjh Le`fr 32 o"kZ igys
dh 18 o"khZ; #dek ij fVd xbZA fdruh vYgM+
Fkh! esjh mez rc 14-15 o"kZ jgh gksxhA ge rhupkj
yM+ds mlds lkFk xk; pjkus taxy pys tkrs
FksA ydM+h dk ,d cM+k Vsd xkM+dj ml ij jsaxus
okyh pj[kh fQV dj nsrs Fks vkSj ckjh-ckjh nks-nks
djds ml pj[kh ij kwers FksA ,d 'kjkjrh ge
mez yM+dk #dek dks fp
jgs FksA gdhdr ;g Fkh fd ckk vk, fnu dHkh
fdlh dh cdjh rks dHkh fdlh dk dqÙkk ekj gh
ysrk FkkA mlls igys lky rks gn gh gks xbZ Fkh
tc ckk us ,d cqf

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
viuh ftEesnkfj;ksa dk ,glkl gksxkA la;ksxo'k]
dqN gh fnuksa ckn d.kZç;kx kkVh ds fdlh xk¡o ls
,d yM+ds okys fj'rs ds fy, gekjs xk¡o esa fdlh
ds kj vk, Fks rks #dek dh ckr pyh rFkk #dek
ds kj okyksa dks cqyk;k x;k vkSj #dek dk fj'rk
r; gks x;kA
#dek nks cfguksa vkSj ,d HkkbZ esa lcls cM+h
FkhA #dek dh 'kknh dk fnu vk x;k FkkA #dek
dh ckjkr vk xbZ FkhA xk¡o okyksa us feydj ckjkr
dk Lokxr fd;k vkSj [kqn ds fy, vkSj ckjkfr;ksa
ds fy, [kkuk cuk;kA vc rks xk¡o esa Hkh VsaV okys
vkSj jlksb, ckgj ls vkus yxs gSa ysfdu rc iwjk
xk¡o 'kknh-C;kg esa bart+ke djrk FkkA iwjh jkr
fookg dk mRlo pyk FkkA vktdy rks fnu-fnu
esa gh ckjkrh xkfM+;ksa esa vkdj ,d kaVs esa gh Qsjs
djds ykSV tkrs gSaA ysfdu rc cl ls mrjus ds
ckn 7-8 fdyksehVj iSny py dj ckjkrh vkrs FksA
#dek dh ckjkr esa Hkh dkQh ckjkrh vk, FksA xk¡o
dh cM+h-cw

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
yxHkx nks ekg llqjky esa jgus ds ckn
#dek fQj ek;ds vk;h FkhA mlds psgjs dh
ped Qhdh iM+ xbZ FkhA feyh rks eSaus dgk] Þvjs
#dek] rqEgsa D;k gks x;k] chekj gks xbZ Fkh
D;k\ß #dek FkksM+h nsj pqi jgus ds ckn cksyh]
ÞrqEgsa D;k irk llqjky D;k gksrk gSA cgqr dke
djuk iM+rk gSA nwj MkaMk ¼taxy½ ls ydM+h
ykuh iM+rh gS] kkl ykuh iM+rh gSA ikuh ds
fy, nks dksl tkuk iM+rk gSA kj vkdj [kkuk
cukuk iM+rk gS] lkl ds iSjksa dh ekfy'k djuh
iM+rh gS vkSj HkjisV [kkuk dHkh ugha feyrk gSA
Hkxoku fdlh dks igkM+ esa vkSjr u cuk,---ßA
FkksM+h yach lkal ysus ds ckn cksyh] Þvjs rw esjk
,d dke dj nsxk D;k\ß eSaus dgk] ÞD;ksa ugha]
cksyks D;k dke gS\ß #dek] Þ,d fpðh fy[kuh
Fkh muds fy,Aß eSaus iwNk] Þdc\ß Þvkt ghAß
eSaus dgk] Þpyks] vk tkvksAß og gekjs kj ij vk
xbZA lcdks ueLrs djus ds ckn esjs dejs esa
vkbZA eSaus isu fy;k vkSj dkWih ds iUus QkM+sA mlls
cksyk] ÞD;k fy[kwa\ß og FkksM+h 'kjek;h vkSj cksyh
fd rqEgsa lc irk gS fd D;k-D;k fy[krs gSaA eSaus
mlls dgk fd eq>s D;k irk D;k-D;k fy[krs
gSaA mlus 'kq: esa gh rhu-pkj 'kk;jh fy[kok
nhaA igyh nks ykbusa vkt Hkh eq>s ;kn gSa] Þ;g
dkxt dk VqdM+k ugha] nnZean gS] bl dkxt ds
VqdM+s esa esjk I;kj can gSAß fpðh dk ckdh et+ewu
rks eq>s ;kn ugha ysfdu dqN la{ksi ;g Fkk fd
Þ'kke gksrs gh eSa ixMaMh dks fugkjrh jgrh gwa fd
dgha vki kj rks ugha vk jgs gksA dksbZ Hkh jkLrs
esa eqlkfQj + fn[krk gS rks eSa lksprh gwa fd vki gh
gksaxsA ;g tkurs gq, Hkh fd vki ugha vk ldrs
gSa] u tkus esjk eu D;ksa dgrk gS fd vki
vpkud kj vk ldrs gSaA ;gk¡ dk dksgjk NaVrk
gS rks eSa lksprh gwa fd vki fn[kkbZ nsaxsA tSls
ckgj ;gk¡ ckny jgrs gSa] oSls gh esjs eu esa u
tkus fdrus ckny kqeM+rs gSa] vkfn] vkfn---ß i=
fy[krs-fy[krs eSaus dkWih ds ikap iUus QkM+ fy,
Fks ysfdu vui

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
#dek ds llqjky ls fpðh vkbZ FkhA lqu dj iwjs
xk¡o esa ekre Nk x;k FkkA lc yksx #dek ds
HkkX; dks dkslus yxs FksA
eSa nqdku esa bUgha ;knksa esa [kks;k gqvk Fkk fd
nsosUæ us dgk fd py ;kj vc kj pyrs gSaA
va/ksjk gksus okyk gSA eSaus flj fgyk;k vkSj kj py
iM+sA eSa fQj jkLrs esa lkspus yxk fd fdl rjg
#dek ds llqjky okyksa us #dek dks çrkfM+r
djuk 'kq: dj fn;k FkkA lc us mls gh nks"kh
Bgjk;k FkkA tSls fd gj ml yM+dh ds lkFk gksrk
gS ftldk ifr 'kknh ds pan eghuksa ckn gh ej
x;k gks] #dek dks gh rkus lquk, tkrs Fks fd 'kknh
fd, lky-Hkj Hkh ugha gqvk fd gekjs yM+ds dks [kk
xbZA os vc #dek dks ugha ns[kuk pkgrs Fks]
ftlls ';ke flag ds iSls #dek dks u feysaA
mUgksaus #dek dks bruk rax djuk 'kq: dj fn;k
Fkk fd vkf[kj esa #dek dks ,slk dne mBkuk iM+k
Fkk ftldh mEehn igys ls FkhA ,d fnu #dek
ds ek;ds esa [kcj vkbZ fd #dek us xkM+ ¼unh½ esa
dwndj vkRegR;k dj yh gSA yk'k ugha feyh gSA
jksuk-/kksuk gqvk ysfdu ek;ds okyksa dks u tkus
dSls vthc ldwu lk feyk fd vc #dek rax
ugha gksxhA
jkLrs esa pyrs gq, eSaus nsosUæ ls iwNk fd
Þ;kj tc #dek okil vk xbZ rks mldh vkRek
D;ksa vkrh Fkh\ß ¼vDlj 'kknh-C;kg ds le; ;k
fdlh volj ij Hkh #dek dh vkRek fdlh
ifjokj ds lnL; ij vk tkrh Fkh vkSj dkairs gq,
lkjk c;ku dj nsrh Fkh fd dSls-dSls mls rax dj
fn;k x;k Fkk vkSj D;ksa mls ;g dne mBkuk iM+k
Fkk½A nsosUæ cksyk fd] Þlc eu dk fQrwj gksrk gSA
dksbZ vkRek ugha gksrh gSA O;fDr Hkkoqd gks tkrk gS
rks ml ij vkRek lokj gks tkrh gSAß eSaus iwNk fd]
ÞfQj #dek dgka pyh xbZ Fkh vkSj vc D;ksa vk;h
gS\ yksxksa dk Hkze cus jgus nsrhAß nsosUæ] Þ;g rks
rqe #dek ls gh iwNukAß blh rjg ppkZ djrs gq,
ge kj igqap x,A kj tkdj ns[kk rks lc #dek
dks ns[kus x, gq, FksA #dek vius cPpksa dks ysdj
ek;ds vk xbZ FkhA #dek ds cw

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
iwNk rks dgus yxk fd rqEgsa ckn esa crkÅaxkA
#dek us ,d-nks iguus ds oL= ogha fdukjs ij
NksM+ fn,A ogk¡ ij xkM+h feyh ugha rks ,d Vªd esa
cSBsA #dek mfYV;ka djus yxh vkSj Vªd pyrk
x;kA jkLrs esa #dek us iwNk fd vHkh #æç;kx
ugha vk;k] D;ksafd #æç;kx esa xkM+h cnyuh iM+rh
Fkh rks nsoj us dgk fd Þ#æç;kx ihNs NwV x;k
gSA ge Jhuxj vk x, gSaA esjk FkksM+k ;gk¡ dke gS]
Jhuxj ls 'kke dh cl idM+ dj okil kj pys
tk,axsAß bl rjg Jhuxj esa mrj dj nsoj myVh
dh ,d xksyh ys vk;kA xksyh [kkrs gh 10-15
feuV gq, gksaxs fd #dek dks uhan vkus yxhA
mlus dgk pyks] kj pyks rks nsoj us dgk eSa dqN
vkSj lkeku ys vkrk gwa ] rc rd rqe ;gha Vªd esa
bart+kj djksA mlds ckn #dek dks ,slh uhan vkbZ fd
mls irk ugha pyk fd mls dgk¡ ys tk;k x;k gSA
tc mldh vk¡[k [kqyh rks u rks nsoj Fkk
vkSj u gh og MªkbojA Vªd dksbZ vkSj gh O;fDr
pyk jgk FkkA #dek jksus yxh ysfdu mldh
lquus okyk dksbZ ugha FkkA jkr dgk¡ chrh mls
dqN irk ugha FkkA vxys pkj-iakp fnu rd mls
;wa gh ,d LFkku ls nwljs LFkku ys tk;k x;kA
mlds lkFk D;k-D;k kVk] bl ij og dsoy
tksj-tksj ls jksus yxrh FkhA ,d fnu lqcg-lqcg
mls ,d xk¡o ds edku esa ys tk;k x;kA tgk¡
dqN vkSjrsa mlls dgus yxh] ÞvPNk gqvk rw ;gk¡
vk xbZ] ;gk¡ dksbZ deh ugha gSA bldh igyh
chch ej xbZ Fkh] vc rwus bldk kj laHkkyuk gSAß
rc ls ysdj le; dc chrk fd #dek dks dqN
irk ugha pykA #dek us x`gLFkh laHkky yh FkhA
'kq#-'kq# esa ijs'kkuh gqbZ Fkh ysfdu /khjs-/khjs lc
dqN lkekU; gks x;k FkkA #dek ds nks csVs gks
x, FksA dbZ ckj mlus vius bl ifr ls Qfj;kn
dh Fkh fd eq>s esjs ek¡-cki ds ikl ,d fnu ds
fy, ys tkvks ysfdu og ;g dg dj pqi djk
nsrk Fkk fd irk ugha dgk¡ dk ,fj;k gSA ;gk¡ ls
dbZ fnu yx tkrs gSaA ysfdu vc tc cPps cM+s
gks x, Fks rks og vius ek¡-cki dks ns[kus ds fy,
vkrqj gks xbZ Fkh vkSj csVs mls ;gk¡ ys vk, FksA
blls igys fd og ek;ds vkrh] mlus vius ml
nsoj dks lcd fl[kkus dh lksph ftlus mls bl
rjg /kks[kk fn;k Fkk] ysfdu ogk¡ tkdj irk pyk
fd og ,d cl nqkZVuk esa ekjk x;k FkkA mldh
;g lPph dgkuh lqudj lc nax jg x, FksA
jkLrs esa nsoj us tks iqjkus diM+s j[kok, Fks] mlls
xk¡o okyksa us lkspk fd #dek us xkM+ esa Nykax
yxk nh gSA mlh nsoj us okil xk¡o esa vkus ds
ckn dgk Fkk fd mlus lqcg-lqcg #dek dks unh
dh vksj tkrs gq, ns[kk FkkA eSaus mldh ckrsa
lqudj ;gh fu"d"kZ fudkyk fd bZ'oj tks djrk
gS] lgh djrk gSA nq"V O;fDr gj txg] gj
le; ekStwn Fks vkSj ekStwn jgrs gSa] ysfdu bZ'oj
nq"Vksa dh pyus ugha nsrk gSA ugha rks #dek ds
lkFk dqN Hkh kV ldrk FkkA
eSa ifjokj ds lkFk okil fnYyh vk jgk Fkk
rks mlh fnu #dek vkSj mlds nksuksa csVs Hkh xk¡o
ls okil vk,A ckrphr djus ij ekywe gqvk fd
os eqtQjuxj ds fdlh xk¡o esa jgrs gSa vkSj
mudh dkQh + [ksrh-ckM+h gS vkSj laiUurk ls thou
;kiu dj jgs gSaA
55

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ckdh lc Bhd&Bkd gS
& czt eksgu vjksM+k
tqykbZ dk eghuk gS]
ckfj'k vkSj jks'kuh esa tax fNM+h gS]
lM+dksa ij ikuh tek gS]
xkfM+;ksa okys ijs'kku gSa]
ckdh lc Bhd-Bkd gSA
vkWfQl esa gypy gS]
c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
mn; çrki flag& ,d çsjd O;fDrRo
& vkeksn dqekj flag
lkfgR;dkjksa ds chp
nknk@nn~nk ds :i esa e'kgwj
J)s; mn; çrki flag th
çfrf"Br f'k{kkfon~] yC/k&
çfr"B vkSj ;'kLoh dfo ,oa
ojs.; O;fDrRo gSaA og ns'k
ds nqykjs dfo gSaA xq#vksa ds
xq# mn; çrki flag tSlh 'kf[l;r ds ckjs esa esjs
tSls vuqHko ux.; O;fDr }kjk dqN Hkh fy[kuk
egt lkxj esa c¡wn Mkyuk gh gSA gky gh esa muds
O;fDrRo vkSj ÑfrRo ij Jh txnh'k ih;w"k vkSj
Jh tequk çlkn mik/;k; }kjk laikfnr iqLrd
^'kCn ls laln rd & mn; çrki flag* çdkf'kr
gqbZ gSA ;g iqLrd mudh thou ;k=k esa >kadus gsrq
f[kM+dh [kksyrh çrhr gksrh gSA iqLrd ekuks fganh
lkfgR; txr ds ,d ls c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ukjk;.k b.Vj dkWyst] f'kdksgkckn esa ç/kkukpk;Z
jgsA vkidh iRuh Jherh pSrU; f'kdksgkckn esa gh
fMxzh dkWyst esa çoDrk FkhaA v/;kid ds :i esa
vkius fo|kfFkZ;ksa dks u dsoy f'kf{kr fd;k] cfYd
laLdkfjr Hkh fd;kA mÙkj çns'k ds iwoZ eq[; ea=h
Jh eqyk;e flag ;kno muds f'k"; jgs gSaA xq#vksa
ds xq# mn; çrki flag th f'k{kkfon~ ds :i esa
çfr"Bk ds /kuh gSaA ;g mudh vewY; /kjksgj Hkh gS
vkSj fojklr HkhA
lkfgR;dkj ¼dfo vkSj x+T+kydkj½%
dfo %& mn; çrki th O;fDr ds :i esa
ftrus egku gSa] dfo ds :i esa mrus gh le`) gSaA
mudk ekuuk gS fd 'kCn-vFkZ ds vuqxkeh gksa] og
Hkh fparu dh vuqefr lsA og ,d iqjks/kk] ;'kLoh
vkSj laosnu'khy dfo gSaA vkst ds tkus -ekus gLrk{kj
gSaA og vPNk i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
og ;qx lkis{k dfo gaS vkSj ;gh mudh
rkdr gSA og lp dks vR;ar lgtrk ls dg tkrs
gSaA
lkjh /kjk /kke jke tUe ls gqbZ gS /kU;]
fufoZokn lR; dks fookn ls fudkfy,A
jke tUeHkwfe dks rks jke gh laHkky ysaxs]
gks lds rks vki ekr`Hkwfe dks laHkkfy,A
dfo ds :i esa og dchj dh rjg vyeLr
vkSj QDdM+ gSaA og fdlh lkfgfR;d fxjksgcanh]
iwokZxzg] ;k fdlh nqHkkZouk dh ekufldrk dks dHkh
ugha

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vfirq vius dke ls vfeV Nki NksM+us esa lQy
jgsA bl lfefr esa jgrs gq, fganh ds ;K esa muds
;ksxnku dks tkuus vkSj le>us okys yksx
¼eSa muesa ls ,d gw¡½ mUgsa dHkh Hkqyk ugha ldrsA
jktuhfr esa jgrs gq, mUgksaus eq¡g vkSj dku nksuksa
dk lnSo lnqi;ksx fd;kA mUgksaus ny vkSj in esa
csgrj larqyu dk;e fd;kA laln esa og ftlls
feys] og mudk gks x;kA jktuhfr esa jgdj Hkh
jktuhfr ls lnSo Åij jgsA lkaln gksrs gq, Hkh
;g loky muds tSlk uSfrd cyh gh dj ldrk
gS%
tkus ;g fo/kkrk dks [+kcj gS fd ugha
nqfu;k esa x+jhcksa dk mnj gS fd ughaA
laln ds nsorkvks ;s xk¡oksa dks crkvks
tks ckr m/kj gS oks b/kj gS fd ugha
brus o"kZ rd ns'k dh jktuhfr esa jgus ds
ckotwn fnYyh esa dksBh vFkok IykV dh ckr rks
NksfM+, mudk viuk dksbZ ySV rd ugha gSA ij
mUgksaus I;kj dk lkezkT; [kM+k fd;k gSA yksxksa ds
fnyksa esa kj cuk fy;k gSA ;g mudh lcls cM+h
iwath gSA
O;fDr %& mn; çrki th dfo ds :i esa
ftrus le`) gSa] O;fDr ds :i esa mrus gh egku
gSaA og rkyhe;krk Hkh gaS vkSj rjfc;r;krk Hkh
gSaA og fT+kanxh dks xf.kr ugha ekursA og csgn
lgt] ljy] vkSj fouez balku gSaA ;gh ljyrk]
lknxh] esgekuokt+h] reht+ vkSj rgt+hc muds
vkHkw"k.k gSaA ;gh xq.k mUgsa fof'k"V cuk nsrs gSaA
muds O;ogkj dh [+kkfl;r gS fd mlesa dksbZ
cukoV ugha gSA mudh 'kjkQ+r le; dh T+k:jr
ugha] cfYd mudh fQ+rjr dk fgLlk gSA og lc
dqN NksM+-NkM+ dj gkFk >kM+ dj py nsus dh
fgEer j[krs gSaA mudh QDdM+h mUgsa vehj cuk
nsrh gSA tgk¡ ,d dfo ds :i esa og dchj dh
rjg vyeLr vkSj QDdM+ gSa] ogha ,d O;fDr ds
:i esa og lq#fpiw.kZ vkSj ftEesnkj balku gSaA og
vuU; gSaA vius ckjs esa og fdlh dks le>krs ugha
gSa vfirq [kqn le> esa vkus yxrs gSaA muds
O;fDrRo dks vPNk balku cudj gh le>k tk
ldrk gSA dgk tkrk gS fd gj cM+h 'kf[l;r ds
ihNs dksbZ L=h vo'; gksrh gSA og fdlh Hkh :i
esa gks ldrh gSA og bl ekeys esa cM+s [kq'kfdLer
jgs fd mUgsa pSrU; tSlh /keZiRuh feyhaA og lkt
Hkh Fkha vkSj vkokT+k Hkh] og xhr Hkh Fkha vkSj laxhr
HkhA og mudk [+okc Hkh Fkha vkSj [+okc dh rkchj
HkhA mudh rd+nhj dk fgLlk FkhaA ;g nq%[kn gS
fd pSrU;th dsoy 28 o"kZ rd mudk lkFk nsdj
fo/kkrk ds ikl pyh xb±A ij muds O;fDrRo dh
vkHkk mudh dforkvksa vkSj x+T+kyksa esa eglwl dh
tk ldrh gSA
Hkkafr-Hkkafr ds oknksa dh /kM+scanh vkSj fxjksgckT+kh
djds vius uke ij /kkj j[kus okys fofHkUu fo}kuksa
us mUgsa lektoknh] ekDlZoknh] lkE;oknh] yksdoknh]
yksfg;koknh] tuoknh vkSj u tkus D;k-D;k crk;k
gSA ;g lgh gS fd bu lHkh oknksa ds dsUæ esa tu
gh gS vkSj ;s lHkh okn mldh fofHkUu eqæk,a gSaA
;g vkSj Hkh lgh gS fd mudh dforkvksa ds dsUæ
60

+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
esa vketu gh gSA ij mudh ys[kuh tu ds fdlh
,d i{k rd lhfer ugha jgh gSA mUgksasus thou ds
gj i{k dks c[kwch mdsjk gSA lcls egRoiw.kZ ckr
gS fd og ,d Hkkjrh; gSa vkSj vke Hkkjrh; dh
ihM+k dks muls csgrj dkSu le> ldrk gSA og
loZtu fgrk; fopkjksa dks cjrrs gSaA og u dsoy
gjfny vT+khT+k vkSj gjfny vT+khe 'kk;j gSa] cfYd
gjfny vT+khT+k vkSj gjfny vT+khe balku Hkh gSaA
vc og thou ;k=k ds f'k[kj dh vksj vxzlj gSaA
thou lafxuh Hkh lax NksM+ pqdh gSA ij mudh
fgEer vkSj tT+ck muds lkFk gSA thus dk lyhdk
mUgsa vkrk gSA og vkt Hkh iwjh yyd vkSj
rUe;rk ls lkfgR; txr esa lfØ; gSa vkSj xgjs
ikuh iSB dj fnykstku ls lkfgR; dh lsok dj jgs
gSaA mUgsa u;s vkSj iqjkus T+kekus dk c[+kwch rtqckZ gSA
ubZ ihsa] unh dk ikuh mrj x;k gSA
muesa vHkh Hkh cgqr ÅtkZ gS vkSj cgqr vkx
ckdh gSA u rks og Fkds gSa vkSj u mudh ys[kuh
Fkdh gSA mudh fujUrjrk dk xqatu mudh bu
iafDr;ksa ls vk jgk gS%
esjh dye tkxrh jguk] rsjk dke vHkh ckdh gSA
esjh çkFkZuk gS fd bZ'oj mUgsa fpjk;q djsA
μ dqy dh çfr"Bk Hkh fouezrk vkSj ln~O;ogkj ls gksrh gS] gsdM+h vkSj #vkc
fn[kkus ls ughaA
&çsepan
μ vuqHko dh ikB'kkyk esa tks ikB lh[ks tkrs gSa] os iqLrdksa vkSj fo'ofo|ky;ksa
esa ugha feyrsA
μ ftl çdkj FkksM+h&lh ok;q ls vkx HkM+d mBrh gS] mlh çdkj FkksM+h&lh esgur
ls fdLer ped mBrh gSA
61

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a *
& nso vkuUn
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,a
[kqn nsj ls nrj vk,a] vkSj
nwljksa dks iaDpqvfyVh dk ikB ik,aA
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
usrkvksa] vfHkusrkvksa vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa dh fT+kUnxh dh
NksVh-NksVh ckrksa esa jl ysdj] vkWfQl esa cSBdj
lkjk fnu fØdsV desaVjh lqusa] vkSj
ljdkj ds udkjsiu ij maxyh mBk,a
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
cPpksa ds uksV~l] fdrkcsa vkSj ç'u-i=ksa dh
QksVksdkWih vkWfQl dh e'khu ls djokdj
ljdkj esa QSys Hkz"Vkpkj ij vkg Hkjsa] vkSj
ns'k ds d.kZ/kkjksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
'kqDyk th bl ckj Mh-,- fdruk feysxk]
oekZ th dk çeks'ku dc gksxk]
veqd-veqd ,fj;j feysxk Hkh ;k ugha]
,slh ckrsa djds vkSj vQljksa dh cqjkbZ djds
O;FkZ esa le; fcrk,a]
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
vkvks pys lfpu dks cSfVax djuk fl[kk,a]
/kksuh dks dIrkuh ds xqj fl[kk,a]
'kkVZ fip xsan dks dSls [ksyk tkrk gS ;qojkt dks crk,a]
bf.M;k xj eSp thr tk, rks mls fQDl crk,a]
vkSj xj gkj tk, rks] mUgsa fudEes udkjk crk,a
vkvks pysa ckrsa cuk,a
vkvks pysa nwljksa ij maxyh mBk,aA
thou esa vusd ckrsa ,slh gksrh gSa
ftuls gekjk ljksdkj gks ldrk gS]
muesa ls dsoy ek= dqN gh ,slh ckrsa gksrh gSa]
ftUgsa ge çHkkfor dj ldrs gSa]
rks D;ksa u ge viuh ÅtkZ mUgha ckrksa ij yxk,a
vkSj Lo;a gh] lekt dh] ns'k dh çxfr ij
viuk /;ku yxk,aA
rks fe=ksa vkvks pysa vius -vius dke ij /;ku yxk,a
vkvks pysa ns'k dks vkxs c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ekvks & uDly leL;k vkSj lek/kku *
& eks- lykeqíhu
gekjs fo'kky ns'k
Hkkjr esa fofHkUu /keks±]
tkfr;ksa] Hkk"kkvksa] oxks± o.kks±]
{ks=ksa dh feyh&tqyh
laLÑfr fuokl djrh gSA
gekjk ns'k okLro esa
vusdrk esa ,drk dk mnkgj.k çLrqr djrk gSA
ijarq ;g Hkh lp gS fd bl fo'kky ns'k esa ,d
vksj tgka [kq'kgkyh vkSj laiUurk gS ogha nwljh
rjQ kksj xjhch] vf'k{kk] csjkstxkjh vkfn Hkh
fo|eku gSA ,d vksj] tgka gekjk ns'k pUæ vkSj
vU; xzgksa ij viuh igqap j[kdj iwjh nqfu;k
dks vpafHkr djrk gS] vkfFkZd vkSj lSU; çxfr
ds iFk ij vxzlj gksdj viuh miyfC/k;ksa ij
[kq'k gksus dk volj ns'kokfl;ksa dks feyrk gS
ogha nwljh vksj fofHkUu leL;kvksa tSls &
vkradokn] dqiks"k.k] Hkz"Vkpkj] naxk-Qlkn
¼dkuwu-O;oLFkk dh leL;k½ vkSj uDlyokn
tSlh leL;kvksa ls xzLr gSA Hkkjr vkt ftu
leL;kvksa ls tw> jgk gS muesa vkt uDlyokn
vkSj vkradokn çeq[k :i ls nks gSaA vkradokn
tgka vkt dqN jkT;ksa tSls& tEew-d'ehj
vkSj iwoksZÙkj ds dqN {ks=ksa esa gh ewy :i ls
lhfer gS] ogha ekvks-uDlyokn Hkkjr ds dbZ
çeq[k jkT;ksa tSls &fcgkj] vka/kz çns'k] mÙkj
çns'k] >kj[kaM vkfn esa vius iSj ilkj pqdk gSA
vkt ;s jkT; bl leL;k ls cqjh rjg fkj pqds
gSa vkSj jkT; rFkk dsUæ nksuksa ds fy, cgqr cM+k
fljnnZ lkfcr gks jgs gSaA
vkt uDlyoknh u flQZ vius vkanksyu
dks fgald :i ns pqds gSa cfYd vc rks os iqfyl
dfeZ;ksa dk vigj.k dj vius lkfFk;ksa dks NqM+kus
dh ekax djus yxs gSa] vkSj ,slk u djus ij mu
fugRFks iqfyl dfeZ;ksa dh gR;k rd djus ls ugha
pwd jgs gSaA vHkh gky dh gqbZ ,d kVuk us iwjs ns'k
dks >d>ksj fn;k FkkA fcgkj esa uDlfy;ksa us pkj
iqfyl dfeZ;ksa dks ca/kd cukdj ;k ;wa dgsa fd
vigj.k dj ljdkj ls ekax j[kh fd tsy esa can
muds vkB lkfFk;ksa dks NksM+k tk, vkSj ,slk u
djus ij mUgksaus iqfyl dfeZ;ksa dh gR;k djus dh
/kedh nhA oLrqr% mUgksaus ,slk fd;k HkhA ,d
iqfyldehZ ftudk uke yqdkl VsVs Fkk mldh
fueZe :i ls gR;k dj nhA ckdh iqfyl dfeZ;ksa
dks rks mUgksaus ljdkj vkSj iqfyl dfeZ;ksa ds
ifjokjokyksa ds fuosnu ij fjgk dj fn;k ij ;g
iwjk ekeyk ;g crkus ds fy, i;kZIr gS fd vkt
uDlyh fdl gn rd tk ldrs gSaA bl kVuk ds
vfrfjDr] vHkh gky gh esa uDlfy;ksa us NÙkhlx

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
gks pqds gSaA vkt dksbZ ,slk fnu ns[kus dks ugha
feyrk tc dgha uDlyh fgalk ns'k ds fdlh fgLls
esa u gqbZ gksA v[kckj ds iUus ,slh kVukvksa ls Hkjs
gksrs gSaA lekpkj-i=ksa esa Nis fgalk vkSj gR;k ds
fp=ksa dks ns[kdj vkt gekjk eu cSB lk tkrk gSA
vkt gekjh dsUæ vkSj jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa bl
leL;k ls fucVus ds fy, vjcksa #i;s [kpZ dj
jgha gSA iqfyl dk vk/kqfudhdj.k] vR;k/kqfud
gfFk;kjksa ls iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks ySl djuk] cqysV-çwQ
tSdsV vkSj xkfM+;ka eqgS;k djkuk] csgrj ls csgrj
çf'k{k.k fnykuk] ySaM-ekbu CykLV vkfn dks jksdus
ds fy, fo'ks"kKksa dh enn ysuk vkfn dk;Z vkt
gekjh dsUæ vkSj jkT;ksa dh ljdkjsa fey-tqydj
dj jgh gSaA ;fn ge vkadM+ksa dh ckr djsa rks vc
rd gtkjksa csdlwj ukxfjd vkSj vusd iqfyldehZ
Hkh bu fgald uDlyh vkØe.kksa ds f'kdkj gks pqds
gSaA vjcksa #i;s dh laifÙk Hkh ;k rks fgalk esa vFkok
iqfyldfeZ;ksa dks gfFk;kjksa ls ySl djus ij cckZn@
[kpZ gks pqdh gSA ijarq leL;k tl dh rl gSA
cfYd ;wa dgsa fd c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
usg: LVsfM;e] ubZ fnYyh esa yxk;s x, gSaA ge
[ksy rFkk mlds vk;kstu ds fojks/kh ugha gS] ijarq
tgka bruh /kujkf'k 'kgjksa esa [kpZ dh tk jgh gS]
xk¡oksa ds fodkl] tgka vHkh Hkh dqy vkcknh dk
djhc 65-70 çfr'kr vkcknh fuokl djrh gS] dh
rjQ ljdkj dk iw.kZ /;ku ugha tk jgk gSA vkt
t:jr xk¡oksa ds fodkl dh gS] csjkstxkjh] ca/kqvk
etnwjh rFkk vU; çdkj ds 'kks"k.kksa ls xzkeh.k
;qodksa dks eqDr djus dh gS] ugha rks ;g leL;k
[kRe gksus okyh ugha gSA
;s uDlyh Hkh gekjs lekt dk fgLlk gSaA
vxj ge mUgsa vkt vius fodkl esa Hkkxhnkj ugha
cuk;saxs rks ;g fgalk Fkeus okyh ughaA vki tksjtcjnLrh
vkSj rkdr ds cy ij ,slk djuk pkgsa
rks ;g leL;k ugha gy gksxhA
t:jr rks bl ckr dh gS fd vkt ge
vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa rFkk jkg ls HkVd pqds
;qokvksa] tks fgalk dk lgkjk ys jgs gSa] dks lekt
dh eq[;/kkjk esa yk;saA mudk lkekftd rFkk
vkfFkZd fodkl fd;s fcuk ;g leL;k dsUæ ;k
jkT; ljdkjsa [kRe ugha dj ldrhA jkstxkj
eqgS;k djkuk buesa lcls çeq[k gSA csjkstxkj
ukStokuksa dks jkstxkj] mUgsa m|ksx yxkus ds fy,
vkfFkZd lgk;rk rFkk çf'k{k.k] mu {ks=ksa esa
vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dk fodkl ftlesa] f'k{kk]
fpfdRlk] lM+d-ifjogu vkfn dk;Z çeq[k gSa] djus
gkasxs rHkh ;g leL;k [kRe gks ldrh gSA gka]
lcls t:jh dk;Z ;g djuk gksxk fd vkfnokfl;ksa
dks taxyksa ls foeq[k djus dh dksf'k'k u dh tk,A
dksbZ Hkh fodkl dk;Z fcuk mudh lgefr ;k
Hkkxhnkjh ds mu {ks=ksa esa ugha fd;k tk,A
fu"d"kZ :i ls ge ;g dg ldrs gSa fd
vkt Hkkjr ftu leL;kvksa ls tw> jgk gS muesa
uDlyokn ,d çeq[k leL;k gSA blds fujkdj.k
ds fy, xzkeh.k rFkk vkfnoklh {ks=ksa dk leqfpr
fodkl djuk gksxk ftlesa lkekftd vkSj vkfFkZd]
vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk dk fodkl] csjkstxkjh nwj djuk
vkfn çeq[k :i ls 'kkfey gksaA lkFk gh fodkl ds
dk;ks± esa vkfnokfl;ksa vkSj xzkeh.kksa dh lgHkkfxrk
Hkh vfr vko';d gSA dsoy cUnwd ds cy ij ge
;g leL;k gy ugha dj ldrsA
μ gt+kj ;ks¼kvksa ij fot; ikuk vklku gS] ysfdu tks vius Åij fot; ikrk
gS ogh lPpk fot;h gSA
&xkSre cq¼
μ Øks/ ,slh vk¡/h gS tks foosd dks u"V dj nsrh gSA
65

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fu;fr
& t; 'kadj mik/;k;
'kkfe;kus dk #[k fd,
lkjs tgka dh jkSud fy,
nwj ls vk jgh ml vkyh'kku ckjkr dk
og Hkh ,d fgLlk Fkh
ysfdu HkhM+ ls fcYdqy vyx-Fkyx
fuLrst! fuf"Ø;! vkSj ukmEehn!
Qqjlr + dgka Fkh ysus dks uhan
flj ij chl fdyks dk ^ykbV-LVSaM* mBk,
cq>s eu ls og ;wa c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
tks dqN dgk x;k gS] lc xyr gS
tks dqN fy[kk x;k gS] lc xyr gS
egt cdokl!
bl le; tks dqN
uXu vka[kksa ls fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS
ogh lp gS
nqfu;k dk lp
LoxZ ;gha gS] ujd ;gha gS
eks{k ;gha] ;eyksd ;gh gSa
lc fu;fr dk [ksy gS
fT+kanxh blhfy, csesy gS
vkSj fQj
vius nqfnZu dks dkslrs gq,
dÙkZO; ds cks> rys jsaxrs gq,
c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
oks ikap fnu
fnu-çfrfnu dk;kZy;
dk dk;Z djrs le; xksan
dk mi;ksx djus ls mdrk
dj deZpkfj;ksa us mlds
fodYi ds fy, vH;kosnu
nsus dk fu.kZ; fy;kA pwafd
la;qDr vH;kosnu nsuk vkpkj fu;eksa ds fo#) gS]
vr% mUgksaus ojh;rk Øe esa çFke LFkku /kkjd
deZpkjh dks viuk usrk cukdj ;g vH;kosnu
lacaf/kr foHkkx ds ikl Hkst fn;k vkSj ml ij
lgkuqHkwfriwoZd fopkj djus dk vkxzg fd;kA lkFk
gh ;g fuosnu Hkh fd;k fd bl ij rRdky fu.kZ;
ysus dh vko';drk ugha gS] os viuh lqfo/kkuqlkj
bl laca/k esa fu.kZ; ys ldrs gSaA
irk ugha ;g ml vH;kosnu dh fouez Hkk"kk
dk çHkko Fkk ;k ml fo"k; dh uohurk dk] fd
ml vH;kosnu ij rRdky fopkj djus ds fy,
rqjar ,d cSBd cqykbZ xbZA deZpkfj;ksa dh ekax ds
laca/k esa ml cSBd esa tks fu.kZ; fy;k x;k] mlds
eq[; fcanq bl çdkj gSa %
¼iii½
¼iv½
¼v½
¼vi½
& uhjt ctkt
bldk forj.k lqcg 9-45 ls 10-00 cts ds
chp fd;k tk,xk rkfd dk;kZy; le;
çHkkfor u gksA
;fn dksbZ deZpkjh fdlh vifjgk;Z dkj.k
ls nsj ls vkrk gS rks mls vius fdlh vU;
lg;ksxh dks ;g vf/kdkj-i= nsuk gksxk fd
ml fnu mlds LFkku ij ml euksuhr
deZpkjh dks mlds fgLls dh ysbZ ns nh
tk,A
euksuhr deZpkjh dks ;g 'kiFki= nsuk gksxk
fd og nwljs deZpkjh ds fgLls dh ysbZ dk
ç;ksx Lo;a ugha djsxkA
ysbZ ikus okys foHkkx ds çHkkjh vf/kdkjh dks
çR;sd deZpkjh }kjk mi;ksx dh xbZ ysbZ ds
laca/k esa ,d mi;ksfxrk çek.ki= lk;a 5-50
rd bl vuqHkkx esa Hkstuk gksxkA ,slk u
djus ij lac) deZpkjh dks vxys fnu ysbZ
dh vkiwfrZ ugha dh tk,xhA
¼i½
¼ii½
deZpkfj;ksa dks xksan ds LFkku ij ,d ik= esa
,d fuf'pr ek=k esa vkVs dh ysbZ dh vkiwfrZ
dh tk,xhA
;g vkiwfrZ nSfud vk/kkj ij dh tk,xhA
¼vii½ bl ysbZ dk ljdkjh dk;Z ds vfrfjDr
fdlh vU; dk;Z ds fy, mi;ksx djus okys
deZpkjh ds fo#) vuq'kklukRed dk;Zokgh
dh tk,xhA
68

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
¼viii½ ;g vkns'k vkxkeh lkseokj ls çHkkoh gksxkA
bl vkns'k dks ykxw rks dj fn;k x;k]
ysfdu ikap fnu esa gh bls okil ysuk iM+ x;kA
dSls\
lkseokj
ysbZ dh vkiwfrZ dk forj.k iVy foHkkxh;
dSaVhu esa yxk;k x;k FkkA dqN deZpkjh vkik-
/kkih ls cpus ds fy, le; ls igys gh igaqp x,
FksA lcds gkFk esa og ik= Fkk ¼mls dVksjk dguk
ve;kZfnr gksxk] ysfdu Fkk og IykfLVd dk dVksjk
gh½ ftlesa ml ysbZ dks ijkslk] esjk rkRi;Z gS fd
fn;k tkuk FkkA tSls gh iVy dh f[kM+dh [kqyh]
lHkh deZpkjh lrdZ gksdj [kM+s gks x,] vkSj lkFk
gh ,d-nwljs dks lykg Hkh nsus yxs fd fdlh dks
iafDr rksM+dj vkxs u tkus fn;k tk,A
pwafd deZpkfj;ksa dh la[;k vf/kd u Fkh]
blfy, ;g dk;Z 15 feuV esa gh fuiV x;k]
ysfdu vU; deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, ;g ,d dkSrwgy
dk fo"k; cu x;k fd ;g D;k fof'k"V inkFkZ gS
tks dsoy ,d foHkkx fo'ks"k ds deZpkfj;ksa dks gh
fn;k tk jgk gSA m/kj] gkFk esa og ik= fy, vius
d{k dh vksj tk jgs deZpkfj;ksa dk gky ns[kus
okyk FkkA bls Hkkairs gq, muds usrk us mUgsa tks'k
fnykrs gq, dgk fd blesa yfTtr gksus okyh dksbZ
ckr ugha gS] vfirq ;g rks ,d fo'ks"kkf/kdkj gS tks
dsoy vkidks gh feyk gSA ,slk lqurs gh lHkh
deZpkfj;ksa esa xoZ dh ,d ygj nkSM+ xbZ vkSj os
ml ik= dks ysdj ,sls pyus yxs] tSls mlesa ysbZ
u gksdj dksfguwj ghjk gksA
vius dejs esa vkdj lHkh deZpkjh fuR;
dh Hkkafr vius dk;Z esa tqV x,A pwafd lHkh ik=
,d tSls Fks vkSj muesa iM+h gqbZ lkexzh Hkh ,d
tSlh Fkh] blfy, ;g irk yxkuk vlaHko Fkk fd
dkSu-lk ik= fdl deZpkjh dks vkoafVr gqvk gSA
pwafd igyk fnu Fkk] vr% bl ckr ij fdlh us
/;ku Hkh ugha fn;kA dqN le; i'pkr~ vpkud
dejs esa 'kksj gksus yxk vkSj lcus ns[kk fd nks
deZpkjh ,d ik= dks idM+dj ml ij viukviuk
nkok trk jgs gSaA bl ij ,d foHkkx esa
rSukr ,d vf/kdkjh us e/;LFkrk djus dk ç;kl
fd;k] ysfdu mUgsa ysus-ds-nsus iM+ x,A gqvk ;wa
fd ml [khapkrkuh esa og ik= mu deZpkfj;ksa ds
gkFkksa ls fNVd x;k vkSj mldh lkjh ysbZ mu
vf/kdkjh egksn; ds psgjs ij fxj xbZA mu
deZpkfj;ksa us muls {kek ekaxh] ysfdu lkFk gh
;g vuqjks/k Hkh fd;k fd pwafd mUgsa dke ds fy,
ml ysbZ dh vko';drk gS] vr% og muds ikl
gh cSB tk,a rkfd os vko';drk ds le; muds
psgjs ls gh ysbZ mrkj dj viuk dk;Z dj ldsaA
og vf/kdkjh vfr lTtu O;fDr FksA mUgksaus
mudk vkxzg Lohdkj dj fy;k vkSj ckn esa mUgsa
mldk lqQy Hkh feykA
gqvk ,slk fd yxHkx 2 kaVs rd muds psgjs
ls fpidh ysbZ us ml ihy-vkWQ Qsl yks'ku dk
dke fd;k ftls efgyk,a viuk psgjk lqanj cukus
ds fy, mi;ksx esa ykrh gSaA dk;kZy; le;
69

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lekIr gksus ij mu deZpkfj;ksa us mUgsa dksfV-dksfV
/kU;okn fn;k ftls mUgksaus 'kkyhurkiwoZd Lohdkj
dj fy;kA
eaxyokj
vxys fnu tc og vf/kdkjh egksn; dk;kZy;
igqaps rks mudk psgjk ,sls ned jgk Fkk tSls
mudk vHkh-vHkh fookg gqvk gksA tc vU; dejksa
ds muds lg;ksxh muls feys] rks os grçHk jg
x,A lHkh tkuuk pkgrs Fks fd ,slk dSls gqvkA
pwafd gekjs vf/kdkjh egksn; fu'Ny] fu"diV ,oa
lTtu O;fDr Fks] vr% mUgksaus vius lg;ksfx;ksa
dks fiNys fnu dh kVuk vk|ksikar lquk nhA bl
kVuk dks lqudj muds lHkh lg;ksxh tksj-tksj ls
gals vkSj muls fonk ysdj vius-vius dejksa esa
pys x,A
ysfdu bl lkekU;-lh fn[kus okyh kVuk
us ,d vlkekU; fLFkfr dks tUe ns fn;kA dgus
dks rks gekjs vf/kdkjh egksn; ds lHkh lg;ksxh
ml kVuk ij [kqy dj gals Fks] ysfdu eu gh eu
muesa Hkh gekjs vf/kdkjh egksn; dh Hkkafr lqanj
cuus dh Hkkouk kj dj xbZ FkhA pwafd og ysbZ
dsoy dqN fof'k"V deZpkfj;ksa dks gh fey ldrh
Fkh vkSj mldk nq#i;ksx Hkh oftZr Fkk] vr% ,slk
dksbZ rjhdk u Fkk fd ml ysbZ dks gkfly fd;k
tk ldsA vpkud ,d vf/kdkjh egksn; dks ,d
mik; lw>kA ysfdu] nqHkkZX;o'k] og mik; mlh
le; vU; vf/kdkfj;ksa dks Hkh lw> x;kA vf/kdka'k
vf/kdkjhx.k ,d vkosnu fy[kus esa tqV x,A
e/;kg~u i'pkr~ tc gekjs foHkkxk/;{k egksn;
ds ikl os lHkh vkosnu igqaps] rks og pdjk x,A
mu lcdk fo"k; ,d gh FkkA lHkh gekjs foHkkx esa
LFkkukarj.k djkuk pkgrs FksA blds fy, lcus
,d ls c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
mM+ x,A oLrqr%] vktdy QSys gq, Lokbu yw ls
vke turk oSls gh Hk;Hkhr gSA bl ckr dk irk
pyrs gh ml deZpkjh dks yScksjsVªh VSLV ds fy,
Hkst fn;k x;kA ml deZpkjh ds yScksjsVªh VSLV dh
fjiksVZ c`gLifrokj dks feyuh FkhA vr% mls
c`gLifrokj dks dk;kZy; u vkus dk lq>ko fn;k
x;kA
c`gLifrokj
c`gLifrokj dks tc lHkh deZpkjh ml fnu
dh vkiwfrZ çkIr djus ds fy, fu/kkZfjr iVy ij
igqaps rks mUgksaus ik;k fd ogka ,d uksfVl yxk gS
fd rduhdh dkj.kksa ls vkt ysbZ dh vkiwfrZ ugha
dh tk,xhA lHkh deZpkjh [kkyh dVksjk] esjk
rkRi;Z gS ik=] gkFk esa fy, gq, vius dejs esa okil
vk x,A
deZpkjh ds yScksjsVªh VSLV dh fjiksVZ vk
xbZA oLrqr%] vkVs dh ml ysbZ dks tYnh teus ls
cpkus ds fy, mlesa ,d jlk;u Mkyk x;k FkkA
ml deZpkjh dks ml jlk;u ls ,ythZ gks xbZ
ftl dkj.k mls tqdke gks x;k FkkA
ysfdu dk;kZy; esa u tkus fdlus ;g
vQokg QSyk nh fd pwafd og deZpkjh dk;kZy;
}kjk miyC/k djkbZ xbZ ysbZ dk mi;ksx djus ds
dkj.k chekj gqvk gS] vr% og foHkkx ij dkuwuh
nkok djus ds ckjs esa lksp jgk gSA bl ckr us
lacaf/kr foHkkx dks ldrs esa Mky fn;kA ml ysbZ
ds laca/k esa fdlh us dk;kZy; ds loksZPp vf/kdkjh
ds ikl f'kdk;r dj nh fd ,d vksj rks bl ns'k
esa vukt dh deh gS] nwljh vksj ;gka ml vukt
dk mi;ksx ysbZ cukus ds fy, fd;k tk jgk gSA
bruk dkQh ugha FkkA ,d i;kZoj.k fgrS"kh deZpkjh
us loksZPp vf/kdkjh ds ikl ;g f'kdk;r dj nh
dh fd tgka ljdkj IykfLVd ds mi;ksx ij
çfrca/k yxk jgh gS] ogha bl dk;kZy; esa IykfLVd
ds dVksjkas ¼mlus lH; :i ls ^ik=* 'kCn dk
mi;ksx djuk mfpr ugha le>k½ dk mi;ksx
fd;k tk jgk gSA loksZPp vf/kdkjh dh vksj ls bl
laca/k esa fLFkfr Li"V djus dk uksfVl vk x;kA bl
fodjky fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, 'kqØokj dks foHkkx
dh vkikr cSBd cqykus dk fu.kZ; fy;k x;kA
pwafd ml fnu ysbZ dh vkiwfrZ ugha gqbZ Fkh]
vr% ml fnu dksbZ mi;ksfxrk çek.ki= ugha Hkstk
x;kA okLro esa lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh us nwjHkk"k ij
gekjs foHkkx ds çHkkjh vf/kdkjh ls vuqjks/k fd;k
Fkk fd vkt mi;ksfxrk çek.ki= Hkstus dh
vko';drk ugha gSA
'kqØokj
dgrs gSa foifÙk dHkh vdsys ugha vkrhA irk
ugha ;g [kcj ckgj dSls QSy xbZ fd bl dk;kZy;
esa mi;ksx dh tk jgh ysbZ dks psgjs ij yxkus ls
O;fDr lqUnj cu tkrk gSA lqcg ls gh Hkou ds
}kj ij vusd dkWLesfVd daifu;ksa ds çfrfuf/k;ksa
dh HkhM+ tek gks xbZ FkhA lHkh ml ysbZ dks cukus
dk QkewZyk gkfly djuk pkgrs FksA brus esa ogka
ls xqT+kj jgh ,d U;wT+k pSuy dh xkM+h us ;g n`';
71

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ns[kk] vkSj fdlh czsfdax U;wT+k dh laHkkouk ns[krs
gq, og xkM+h gekjs Hkou dh vksj eksM+ nhA mldh
ns[kk-ns[kh dqN gh le; esa vU; U;wT+k pSuyksa dh
xkfM+;ka Hkh ogka igqap xb±A
vUnj gkyr vkSj Hkh [kjkc FkhA gekjs
foHkkxk/;{k gekjh lsok esa LFkkukarj.k ds fy, brus
lkjs vkosnu ns[kdj ijs'kku FksA lacaf/kr foHkkx ds
vf/kdkjh ml deZpkjh dh yScksjsVªh fjiksVZ vkSj
dk;kZy; ds loksZPp vf/kdkjh }kjk ekaxh xbZ
tkudkjh dks ysdj ijs'kku Fks rFkk cSBd dh
v/;{krk djus okys vf/kdkjh blfy, ijs'kku Fks
fd mUgsa bl iwjs ekeys ds laca/k esa dksbZ tkudkjh
gh ugha FkhA
cgjgky] 11-30 cts cSBd vkjaHk gqbZA lHkh
eqíksa ij xgu fopkj-foe'kZ py jgk FkkA igyk
fu.kZ; ;g fy;k tkuk Fkk fd loksZPp vf/kdkjh dks
D;k mÙkj nsuk gSA ;g lq>ko fn;k x;k fd vkVs
dh ysbZ vkSj IykfLVd ds ik= ds mi;ksx dh
lykg nsus ds fy, nks deZpkfj;ksa dks fuyafcr dj
fn;k tk,A ;g lq>ko eku fy;k x;kA }kj ij
tqVh dkWLesfVd daifu;ksa ds çfrfuf/k;ksa vkSj
ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa dh HkhM+ ds fy, ,d çsl uksV tkjh
dj fn;k x;k fd ;g ek= ,d vQokg gS vkSj
bl dk;kZy; esa ,slh fdlh Hkh çdkj dh ysbZ dk
dksbZ mi;ksx ugha fd;k x;k gSA gekjs foHkkxk/;{k
dks ;g fo'okl fnyk;k x;k fd pwafd orZeku
fLFkfr dks ns[krs gq, bl ysbZ dk mi;ksx tkjh
j[kuk laHko ugha gksxk] vr% os LFkkukarj.k laca/kh
lHkh vkosnuksa dks vLohdkj dj nsaA
vc leL;k Fkh fd ml chekj deZpkjh dks
dSls euk;k tk,] vkSj varr% lHkh deZpkfj;ksa dks
xkasn dk dksbZ vU; fodYi D;k fn;k tk,A blds
fy, ml deZpkjh dks cqyk;k x;kA ckr djus ij
mlus cSBd esa mifLFkr lHkh vf/kdkfj;ksa dks crk;k
fd mlus rks dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djus dh dksbZ ckr
dh gh ughaA mls lknj okil Hkst fn;k x;kA vc
vafre leL;k cph Fkh] ysfdu mldk gy fdlh
dks ugha lw> jgk FkkA
var esa] lHkk dh v/;{krk dj jgs vf/kdkjh
ds oS;fDrd lgk;d us dqN dgus dh vuqefr
ekaxhA vuqefr feyus ij mlus ,d pqVdqyk lquk;k]
ftlls çsj.kk ysdj ml vafre leL;k dk gy
rqjar lkeus vk x;k vkSj lHkh us ml oS;fDrd
lgk;d dks 'kkck'kh nhA og pqVdqyk dqN ,sls
Fkk%
Þ,d O;fDr us dqN eqfxZ;ka iky j[kh FkhaA
,d fnu ,d O;fDr mlds ikl vk;k vkSj iwNk
fd og viuh eqfxZ;ksa dks D;k f[kykrk gSA ml
eqxhZikyd us ml O;fDr dks og eqxhZnkuk fn[kk;k
tks og viuh eqfxZ;ksa dks f[kykrk FkkA mls ns[kdj
ml O;fDr us dgk fd og dqDdqV&ikyu foHkkx
ls vk;k gS vkSj mlds }kjk eqfxZ;ksa dks f[kyk, tk
jgs nkus dh xq.koÙkk vR;ar kfV;k gSA blfy,
mldk ikap gtkj #i, dk pkyku gksxkA vxys
fnu ,d nwljk O;fDr vk;k vkSj mlus Hkh ;gh
loky fd;kA eqxhZikyd us fiNys fnu ls lcd
ysrs gq, tokc fn;k fd og viuh eqfxZ;ksa dks
dktw&cknke f[kykrk gSA bl ij ml O;fDr us
72

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
dgk fd eSa vk;dj foHkkx ls vk;k gwa ] vkSj vki
viuh eqfxZ;ksa dks dktw-cknke f[kykrs gSa ysfdu
vk;dj ugha Hkjrs gSaA blfy, vkidk ikap gtkj
#i, dk pkyku gksxkA vxys fnu tc ,d rhljs
O;fDr us Hkh vkdj ;gh ç'u fd;k rks ml
eqxhZikyd us fp

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ft+Unxh rqe D;k gks
& lat; dqekj [kqlhZtk
lkalksa dh Mksj
xkaoksa dh Hkksj
kVk kukksj
;k lkou dk eksj
cgu dk Lusg
HkkbZ dk usg
jksx e/kqesg
;k iRuh dk lansg
fçafliy dh MkaV
Vhpj dk pkaV
ekWuhVj dh kqM+dh
;k dksp dh f>M+dh
iq= dk eksg
iq=h dk fcNksg
iq=o/kw dk vieku
;k nkekn dk lEeku
usrk dk Hkk"k.k
ea=h dk vk'oklu
ckÅ th dh vku
;k fHk[kkjh dk nku
vQlj + dh iqufuZ;qfDr
lgk;d dh tcjh eqfDr
DydZ dh pkVwfDr
;k pijklh dh LokfeHkfDr
74

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
Mªkboj dh pwd
dks;y dh dwd
MkWDVj dh Hkwy
;k fg; dk 'kwy
vkbZlh;w dh jkr
ulZ dh ckr
ejhT+k ls vkf[kjh eqykdkr
;k fd'kksjh dk xHkZikr
ftruk eSa lqy>krk gwa
mruk gh my>k ikrk gwa
[+kSjA rqe tks Hkh gks
tSlh Hkh gks
ftruh Hkh gks
fdruh Hkh gks
eT+ksnkj gks
jlhyh gks
nenkj gks
rqEgsa bruk gh le> ik;k gwa
tks rqEgsa ugha tkurk
ugha igpkurk
tkuuk vkSj igpkuuk Hkh ugha
pkgrk
mlds fy, rqe eT+kk gks
vkSj tks rqEgsa tkuus dk]
igpkuus dk]
le>us dk ;Ru djs
mlds fy, rqe lT+kk gks
flQ+Z lT+kk gks--- --- ---
μ vPNs 'kCnksa ds ç;ksx ls cqjs yksxksa dk Hkh fny thrk tk ldrk gSA
&Hkxoku cq¼
μ fdlh dks {kek djuk det+ksjh ugha] oju~ lkeF;Zoku gh ,slk dj ldrk gSA
&egkRek xk¡/h
μ esgur djus ls nfjærk ugha jgrh] /eZ djus ls iki ugha jgrk] ekSu jgus ls
dyg ugha gksrhA
&pk.kD;
75

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
det+ksj
& lfjrk 'kekZ
^HkS;k! ,d iko vukj
ns nksA vPNk-lk nsukA eq>s
Bhd ls Nk¡Vuk ugha vkrkA*
ckT+kkj esa Qyokys ds ikl
[kM+h dkyh os'kHkw"kk okyh
efgyk us dgkA mldk cgqr
yack xksVsnkj dqrkZ vkSj kkkjk
lcdk /;ku vkdf"kZr dj jgk FkkA ^vjs] rw rks
yksgk dkV nsrh gSA py Nk¡V ysA* Qyokys us
etkd ds ewM esa dgkA ^eSa rks vkneh dks Hkh dkV
nwaA vukj [kkus dh vknr ughaA MkWDVj us kjokys
dks [kkus dks dgkA yks] ;s rksy nksA*
^ckjg #i;s dk gSA* Qyokus us dgkA ^nl
yxk yks uA bruk eg¡xk gSA*
^ugha] ckjg dk ysuk gS rks ys ysA Vkbe
[kjkc er djA* dgdj Qyokyk nwljs xzkgdksa dh
vksj eqM+ x;kA ^Bhd gSA ckjg dk gh ns nksA*
xkfM+;k yqgkj efgyk us nks #i;s vkSj fudky
fy,A
^tk] Hkkx tkA ugha nsrkA eq>s cspuk gh ugha
gS ,d ikoA dgha vkSj ls ys ysA* Qyokys us
f>M+d fn;kA efgyk dh n;uh; fLFkfr ns[kdj
eSaus Qyokys ls dgk] ^HkS;k ns nks uA ckdh yksx Hkh
rks eksy Hkko djrs gSaA FkksM+k de lkeku Hkh ysrs
gSaA*
^pyks vki dgrh gSa rks ns nsrk gw¡A* vglku
djrs gq, Qyokys us ml efgyk ds gkFk esa vukj
idM+k;kA brus esa ,d laHkzkar efgyk ogk¡ vkbZ]
ftlds xys esa ,d ilZ yVd jgk FkkA* mlus iwNk
^HkS;k! ;s lsc D;k Hkko gS\*
Qyokys us dgkA ^eSMe ;s lsc ipkl #i;s
fdyks gaSA*
^vjs] ;s brus [kjkc lsc ipkl #i;s fdyksA*
^eSMe! ;s fcydqy rktk lsc gSaA vkt gh
eaMh ls vk, gSaA*
^pkyhl #i;s nsus gSa rks Bhd gSA ugha rks eSa
tkrh gw¡A*
^eSMe] ukjkT+k D;ksa gksrh gksA ys yksA*
^Bhd gS] vk/kk fdyks ns nksA*
nqdkunkj us cgqr gh fouhr Hkko ls vk/kk
fdyks lsc ns fn,A
xjhc vkneh Hkh vius ls deT+kksj ij jkSc
>kM+rk gS vkSj vehj ds ryos pkVrk gSA
76

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
i;kZoj.k
& jke fcykl lSuh
i;kZoj.k ds vad esa fyiVh gqbZ /kjk gSA
;g iks"kd i;kZoj.k fdruk okRlY; Hkjk gSAA
çk.kksa esa çk.kok;q dk lapkj fd;kA
isV dks i;-Hkkst dk vkgkj fn;kAA
iyus dks ikyus lk ifjos'k fn;kA
i;kZoj.k us tho dk mUes"k fd;kAA
;g thoupØ i;kZoj.k ls gh pyrk gSA
euqiq= blh ds >wys esa thouHkj >yrk gSAA
bfrgkl Hkh rks blh ds lkFk iy-iy pyrk gSA
lH;rk dk lwjt blh ds ihNs fudyrk gSAA
Hkwydj midkj lkjs vga esa >werk gSA
i;kZoj.k ls rksM+ ukrk xxu dks pwerk gSAA
feV tk,xk rsjk vfLrRo D;ksa Hkwyrk gSA
js ekuo! psruk esa vk] fdl Hkze esa kwerk gSAA
o`{k rsjk nsork gS] iwt] bldks ikyA
ty-ok;q dk çnw"k.k fdruk] bls laHkkyAA
yqIr gksrs oU; tho] tho larqyu gqvk csgkyA
fut vfLrRo gsrq mBk] i;kZoj.k j{kk dh e'kkyAA
tu-tu tqVs i;kZoj.k j{kk esa ladYi ysdjA
LoPN lqUnj djks i;kZoj.k] lg;ksx nsdjAA
rkfd py ik, Hkkoh ih

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
d+;wZ
& eks- lykeqíhu
vkLFkk tc vius foÑr
:i esa lkeus vkrh gS rks
'kk;n fo/oal gksrk gSA 'kk;n
,slk gh dqN gqvk Fkk ml
fnu! og 6 fnlEcj] 1992
dh lqcg FkhA lkjs okrkoj.k
esa ruko kqyk FkkA lcdh tqcka ij ,d gh ç'u
Fkk & vkt D;k gksxk\ gok esa ,d vyx rjg dk
Hkkjhiu FkkA fnlEcj dh lnhZ 'kq: gks pqdh FkhA
ijUrq ml fnu ekgkSy esa rY[k xehZ FkhA
yksx jsfM;ks ij dku yxk;s ;g tkuus dh
dksf'k'k dj jgs Fks fd ogk¡ D;k gks jgk gS\ dqN
yksx VsyhfoT+ku ij ltho çlkj.k Hkh ns[k jgs FksA
^vjs] vHkh-vHkh ch-ch-lh- ls [kcj vkbZ gS fd ogk¡
fo/oal gks pqdk gS* & kj esa dne j[krs gh uokc
lkgc us viuh csx+e ls dgkA ^cPpksa ls dgks fd
os kj ij gh jgsa] ckgj tkus dh T+k:jr ugha gSA
kj esa [kkus-ihus ds lc lkeku rks gSa u csx+e!*
csx+e us mÙkj fn;k& ^gk¡&gk¡] lc dqN gS] vki
fcYdqy fpark u djsaA* ^vjs! T+kjk] esjk gqDdk rks
rS;kj dj nks & ryc yxh gS*] ruko ls Hkjs uokc
lkgc us viuh csx+e dh vksj ns[krs gq, dgkA
fd;k x;k & lekt esa LFkkfir ^fo'okl* dk ;k
,d iqjkus ^ttZj ls dgk & vc kj pyuk
pkfg,A ogk¡ Hkh fdlh us vkdj fo/oal ds ckjs esa
crk;k FkkA lcus vius-vius kj dh jkg idM+
yhA ns[kks! dy D;k gksrk gS\ gks ldrk gS &
d+;wZ yx tk,] esjs nksLr us dgkA d+;wZ! ij
D;ksa\ vxj jkr esa ekgkSy Bhd u jgk rks gks
ldrk gS dy ls d+;wZ yxsA iVuk esa 'kk;n nwljh
ckj d+;wZ yxsA dqN o"kZ igys ;kuh 1984 esa
Lo- Jherh bfUnjk xk¡/kh dh gR;k ds ckn d+;wZ
yxk FkkA ;kuh vkB o"kks± esa gh nwljh ckj ^d+;wZ*
yxus dk vans'kk FkkA tcfd jlwy pkpk rks crkrs
gSa fd 1947 ds ekjdkV ds le; Hkh iVuk esa d+;wZ
ugha yxk FkkA nsoukFk us dgk & gk¡ jk/ks';ke
dkdk Hkh ;gh crkrs jgs FksA
ge yksx rks feysaxs & dy Hkh feysaxs & pkgs
d+;wZ gh D;ksa u yxk gksA oSls Hkh gekjk kj ,dnwljs
ds fcYdqy ikl gh rks FkkA flQZ ,d xyh
dk gh Qklyk FkkA
eq>s vHkh Hkh ;dhu ugha gks jgk FkkA D;k
lpeqp fo/oal dj fn;k x;k! fo/oal fdldk
eksgYys esa feyh-tqyh vkcknh FkhA lcdk
,d-nwljs ds ;gk¡ vkuk-tkuk 'kk;n lfn;ksa ls
78

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
FkkA esjs nksLr lquhy dh cgu us bl ckj Hkh
j{kkca/ku ij esjh dykbZ ij jk[kh ck¡/kh Fkh vkSj
dgk Fkk fd bl ckj bZn ij ^Lis'ky lsobZ;k¡* [kkus
vk,xh & vius ifr vkSj cPpksa ds lkFkA vHkh
fiNyh bZn dh gh rks ckr Fkh tc esjs nksLr
nsoukFk] vfuy] lquhy] ujsUæ] vt;] johUæ] jkS'ku
vkfn us Lis'ky [kks;s okyh 'khjh lsobZ;k¡ ek¡xek¡xdj
bruh [kk;ha fd vU; esgekuksa ds fy, esjh
ek¡ dks nqckjk cukuh iM+h FkhaA eSa Hkh gksyh esa iw,
vkSj NB ds

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
og dkSu Fkh\ dgk¡ ls vkbZ Fkh\ fdl eT+kgc dh
Fkh\ fdlh dks irk ugha FkkA dqN yksxksa us iwNus
dk lkgl fd;k Hkh rks mlus f>M+d fn;k Fkk&
Þvkidks eryc\ eSa dkSu gw¡& dgk¡ ls vkbZ gw¡&
fdl eT+kgc ls gw¡ ;g tkudj vki yksx D;k
djsaxs\ß mldk ;gh tokc gj ckj gksrk FkkA yksxksa
us vc iwNuk NksM+ fn;k FkkA ijUrq vuqeku yxkus
okyksa dh deh u FkhA dqN mls fgUnw dgrs] rks
dqN mls eqlyeku crkrsA vius-vius vuqeku
vkSj ml vkSjr rFkk mlds csVs ds jax-:i ds
vk/kkj ij yksx mlds eT+kgc dh dYiuk djrsA
ml vkSjr dh mez ;gh dksbZ 35-36 o"kZ ds
djhc FkhA ns[kus esa cgqr [kwclwjr ugha rks lkekU;
ls vPNh rks t:j FkhA yxrk rks ,slk Fkk fd og
fdlh laHkzkar ifjokj ls rkYyqd j[krh Fkh ijUrq
fdlh etcwjho'k b/kj jgus vk;h FkhA mldk csVk
Hkh dkQh lqUnj fn[krk FkkA yksx mlls mldk
uke iwNrs rks dgrk& esjk uke ^balkfu;r* gSA
eT+kgc ds ckjs esa iwNus ij Hkh mldk ;gh tokc
gksrk& ^balkfu;r gh esjk eT+kgc gSA* blls T;knk
og dqN Hkh ugha cksyrkA og vius ge mez cPpksa
ds lkFk Hkh de gh kqyrk-feyrk FkkA ek¡-csVs
vius esa gh eXu jgrs ijUrq nqfu;k okyksa dks muds
ckjs esa tkuus dh u tkus D;ksa mRlqdrk c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
rkd->k¡d djus yxs rkfd dgha dksbZ QksVks -rLohj
oxSjg gh fn[k tk, rkfd irk yx lds fd og
fdl eT+kgc ls gS\ ijUrq] os lc blesa Hkh vlQy
jgsA mldh >ksaiM+h esa u gh dksbZ dSys.Mj vkSj u gh
dksbZ QksVks-rLohj gh Fkh ftlls mlds eT+kgc ds
ckjs esa irk py ldsA eT+kcwj gksdj eqYrku lkgc
vius psyksa ds lkFk ml vkSjr dks ^eqlyeku* kksf"kr
djus dh reUuk fny gh fny esa fy, okil vk
x;sA okil vkdj mUgksaus kks"k.kk dj nh& eSaus iwjh
tk¡p-iM+rky dj yh og gekjs eT+kgc dh ugha gSA
b/kj 'kgj esa ruko dkQh c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vc D;k fd;k tk,\ nksuksa lkspus yxsA csVs
us pqIih rksM+rs gq, dgk& Þek¡] eSa xSyu ysdj
xk¡/kh pkSd tkrk gw¡ vkSj rsy ysdj okil vkrk
gw¡Aß ek¡ fdlh vugksuh ls vk'kafdr gks mBh rks csVs
us dgk& Þek¡] eq>s dqN ugha gksxkA geus fdlh dk
;k lekt dk D;k fcxkM+k gS\ß ;g dgdj csVk
[kkyh xSyu ysdj rsy ysus pyk x;kA b/kj ek¡
bUrT+kkj esa cSBh jghA
yM+dk ^xk¡/kh pkSd* igq¡pkA pkSd ij
xk¡/khth dh ewfrZ yxh FkhA ml ij fy[kk Fkk&
vfgalk ijeks /keZ%A yM+ds us rsy xSyu esa Hkjok
fy;k vkSj iSls nsdj okil ykSV jgk FkkA vHkh
mlus pan dne gh r; fd;s gksaxs fd jkLrs esa dqN
yksxksa dh uT+kj ml ij iM+hA ;g yM+dk dkSu gS
gkFk esa D;k ysdj tk jgk gS\ yxrk rks gS fd ;g
^nq'eu ds bykds* ls vk;k gSA dgha bldk bjknk
ge yksxksa ij geyk djus dk rks ugha gSA vc rd
dkQh yksx tek gks pqds FksA yksxksa us yM+ds dks
ksj fy;kA HkhM+ esa ls ,d us dgk& Þgks ldrk gS
;g gekjh cLrh tykus ds fy, rsy ys tk jgk
gksAß gk¡] ;gh ckr gS] lcus ,d lkFk gkeh Hkjh
vkSj yM+ds ds gkFk ls xSyu Nhu fy;kA yM+dk
vlgk; [kM+k gksdj viuh lQkbZ nsrk jgk]
fxM+fxM+krk jgk vkSj vius thou dh Hkh[k ek¡xrk
jgkA ij fdlh us mldh ,d u lquhA vc bls
ltk nsuh pkfg,] lcus ,d Loj esa dgkA gk¡
bldks blds rsy ls gh tyk nsaxsA vkSj lpeqp
ml vU/kh vkSj mUeknh HkhM+ us ,slk gh fd;kA
yM+dk dHkh b/kj rks dHkh m/kj Hkkxrk jgkA
^bUlkfu;r* tyrh jgh vkSj var esa tydj [kkd
gks x;hA HkhM+ us vius nkj yksxksa us dgk& dy irk py tk,xkA
ns[krs gSa& yM+ds dh ek¡ mldk vafre laLdkj
djrh gS ;k nQukrh gSA lc ;gh lksp jgs Fks fd
geus Bhd fd;k ;k xyrA dgha u dgha lcds eu
esa cspSuh cksaiM+h ij igq¡ps rks ogk¡ dksbZ ugha
feyk& u og vkSjr feyh vkSj u mldk csVk
ÞbUlkfu;rßA nksuksa i{k xykfu esa FksA ,d-nwljs
ls vk¡[ksa ugha feyk ik jgs FksA nksuksa i{kksa ds yksxksa
82

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
dks og yM+dk vius eT+kgc dk gh yx jgk FkkA
vc ml yM+ds esa dqN yksxksa dks vius HkkbZ dh rks
dqN dks vius csVs dh Nfo fn[kkbZ ns jgh FkhA
,slk çrhr gks jgk Fkk fd ml yM+ds us viuh
'kgknr nsdj usrkvksa }kjk fo[kafMr lekt:ih
/kkxs dks fQj ls tksM+ fn;k FkkA
yksx lpeqp esa i'pkrki ds leqæ esa Mwcs
FksA eSa vkSj esjs nksLr Hkh lnes esa FksA fj'rksa dh
feBkl okil ykus esa 'kk;n le; yxs ijUrq yksxksa
dk joS;k ,d-nwljs ds çfr vR;ar gh ldkjkRed
gks pyk FkkA bZn vkSj nhokyh bl ckj ,d lkFk gh
iM+us okyh FkhA yksx ,d-nwljs dks R;kSgkj ij vkus
dh nkor ns jgs FksA
vc 'kgj esa ^d+;wZ* dh T+k:jr ugha jg xbZ
Fkh vkSj lpeqp 'kgj esa mlds ckn dHkh ^d+;wZ*
ugha yxkA
D;k vki tkurs gSa fdμ
--- jsÝyhfl;k ,d cgqr gh vk'p;Ztud ikS/k gS] bldk iQwy ouLifr txr ds
lHkh ikS/ksa ds iQwyksa ls cM+k gS ftldk otu 7 fdyksxzke rd gks ldrk gSA
--- ekWjh'kl }hi foyqIr gks pqds MksMks i{kh ds vafre vkSj ,dek=k kj ds :i
esa Hkh fo[;kr gSA
--- lnkiQwyh ;k lnkcgkj uked iQwy ds xq.kksa ls çHkkfor gksdj us'kuy xkMsZu
C;wjks us lu~ 2002 dks lnkcgkj o"kZ ;k b;j vki+Q foadk kksf"kr fd;k FkkA
--- mPp kuRo ds dkj.k e`r lkxj esa rSjkdksa dk Mwcuk vlaHko gS] blh dkj.k
blesa dksbZ eNyh thfor ugha jg ldrhA
83

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgUnh i[kokM+k & 2010
iqjLdkj forj.k lekjksg esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, ekuuh; egklfpo
Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h lHkkxkj dh xSyjh esa ços'k djrs gq,A
lekjksg ds nkSjku eap lapkyu djrs gq, Jh jtuh'k nqcsA

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgUnh i[kokM+k & 2010
egklfpo egksn; dk cqds }kjk LokxrA
egklfpo] Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h nhi çTTofyr djrs gq,A

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgUnh i[kokM+k & 2010
rRdkyhu la;qDr lfpo] Jherh m"kk 'kekZ nhi çTTofyr djrh gqb±A
orZeku la;qDr lfpo] Jh xksfcan yky nhi çTTofyr djrs gq,A

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgUnh i[kokM+k & 2010
^ljLorh&oanuk* çLrqr djrh gqb±&Øe'k% Jherh vkfuZdk lwn] Jherh fu:ik csyoky
,oa Jherh lkSeh cuthZ lkFk gh gkjeksfu;e rFkk

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgUnh i[kokM+k & 2010
vius mn~xkj O;Dr djrs gq, ekuuh; egklfpoA
lekjksg ds var esa /kU;okn Kkfir djrh gqbZ rRdkyhu la;qDr lfpo] Jherh m"kk 'kekZA

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
uo-fuokZfpr jkT; lHkk lnL;ksa
ds fy, fo"k; cks/k dk;ZØe
jkT; lHkk ds uo-fuokZfpr lnL;ksa ds fy, fo"k; cks/k dk;ZØe ds mn~kkVu l= esa
Hkkx ysrs gq, ekuuh; lHkkifr] lalnh; dk;Z ea=ky; esa jkT; ea=h Jh i`Foh jkt
pOgk.k] egklfpo] Mk- foosd dqekj vfXugks=h rFkk vU; vf/kdkjhx.kA
lekiu l= esa viuk fonkbZ Hkk"k.k nsrs gq, Jh i`Fohjkt pOgk.kA

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
xhr
& t; 'kadj mik/;k;
eu ihNs iM+k gS ek;k ds
vc pSu ugha] vkjke ugha
;s thou Hkh D;k thou gS
iy Hkj dks tgka foJke ugha
eu ihNs iM+k gS ek;k ds
viuksa dh [kq'kh [kkfrj geus
viuksa ls gh nwjh cukbZ gS
fQj Hkh viuksa ds liuksa dks
iwjk djuk vklku ugha
eu ihNs iM+k gS ek;k ds
ukrs-fj'rs lc dgus dks
fcu LokFkZ ugha dksbZ viuk gS
ladV dh dkyh cnyh esa
dksbZ lwjt vkrk dke ugha
eu ihNs iM+k gS ek;k ds
vuns[ks dy dh fpark esa
ru dks dksbZ rjT+khg ugha
tc ru gh ugha] rks dqN Hkh ugha
vius Hkh ysrs uke ugha
eu ihNs iM+k gS ek;k ds
vc pSu ugha] vkjke ugha
bl ek;k-eksg ds ca/ku ls
cpuk Hkh exj vklku ughaA
97

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ekSr dk Mj
& lquhy flag ^fc"V*
vkils ,d ç'u iwNrk
gw¡] D;k vkius ,slk LFkku
ns[kk gS tgk¡ cgqr lkjs eqxsZ
gksrs gq, Hkh ^dqdM+ dwa* ugha
djrs\ fuf'pr :i ls eSa
;g dg ldrk gw¡ fd ;fn
vki ekalkgkjh gSa rks bl ç'u dk mÙkj ugha ns
ldrs] D;ksafd vkidk ân; bruk dBksj gks pqdk
gS fd vki bl vksj /;ku gh ugha nsrs vkSj tks
'kkdkgkjh gSa] mUgksaus ,slk vuqHko gh ugha fd;k gksxkA
D;k vkius dHkh lkspk gS ml eqxsZ dh n'kk ds
ckjs esa tks fiatjs esa cUn gS\ og ^dqdM+ dwa* ugha
djrk] dj ikrk gS rks flQZ ^Dokd-Dokd* ,d fo'ks"k
Mj-ekSr ds Mj ds dkj.kA fiatjs ls ckgj fudyus
dh ek= nks ifjfLFkfr;k¡ gSa & igyh] dkVdj rksyk
tkuk vFkok nwljh] rksydj dkVk tkukA
gk¡] ;gk¡ mls ,d rdyhQ vo'; Fkh & mlds
v.Mksa dk pksjh gksukA [+kSj] vius v.Mksa ls mls
bruk yxko u FkkA mlds ifjokj esa ,d eqxhZ vkSj
nks pwT+ks Fks ftUgsa og cgqr I;kj djrk FkkA ij
le; lnk ,d lk ugha jgrkA vpkud eqxhZ dh
ekSr gks xbZA czká.k us nksuksa pwT+ks ,d cPps dks vkSj
eqxkZ ,d dlkbZ dks csp fn;kA
dlkbZ dh nqdku esa ;g eqxkZ lcls uhps ds
fiatjs esa dlkbZ dh igq¡p ls dqN nwjh ij Fkk] rFkk
bls bl ckr dh larqf"V Fkh fd bldh dVus ;k
ejus dh ckjh cgqr nsj esa vk,xhA fdUrq jksT+k og
vius fiatjs ls vU; eqxks± dks dVrs rFkk ejrs gq,
ns[krk vkSj ;g vuqeku yxkrk fd Lo;a dVrs
le; mls fdruh ihM+k gksxhA og fnu çfrfnu
deT+kksj gksrk tk jgk Fkk] blh ^ekSr ds Mj* ds
dkj.kA
,d eqxkZ] tks fiatjs esa dbZ vU; eqxks± ds
lkFk cUn gS] gj u, xzkgd dks cM+h fujhg uT+kj
ls ns[krk gS] mls Mj gS fd dgha og xzkgd] tks
mldk nq'eu gS] mls ilUn u dj ysA mlds bl
O;ogkj dk dkj.k mlds eu esa iy jgk ^ekSr dk
Mj* gSA ij igys ,slk u FkkA og vius ifjokj
lfgr ,d czká.k ds kj esa LorU= :i ls jgrk
Fkk tgka mls fu;fer :i ls Hkkstu feyrk FkkA
nqdku ds lkjs fiatjs [kkyh gks x,A vc
ek= mlh dk fiatjk cpk Fkk ftlesa dqy nl eqxsZ
FksA tc Hkh dksbZ u;k xzkgd vkrk rks ;g eqxkZ
fiatjs ds njokT+ks ls lcls nwj nqcd tkrk vkSj
Lo;a dks dlkbZ ds gkFkksa esa vkus ls cpkrkA
çfrfnu nks-nks] pkj-pkj djds eqxks± dh la[;k de
gksrh xbZ vkSj vUrr% fiatjs esa ek= nks eqxsZ cps jg
x,A ftuesa ;g Hkh ,d FkkA eqxkZ jkr Hkj ugha
98

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lks;k vkSj Hkxoku ls çkFkZuk djrk jgk fd gs
Hkxoku~ eq>s cpk ysA bl çkFkZuk dk dkj.k ek=
^ekSr dk Mj* gh FkkA
ysfdu ;s D;k] nqdku ds [kqyrs gh
lqcg-lqcg ,d xzkgd vk /kedk vkSj nksuksa eqxks±
dks ns[kus yxkA deT+kksj vkSj lqLr fn[kkbZ iM+us
ds dkj.k ;g eqxkZ fQj cp x;kA xzkgd us nwljk
eqxkZ dVok MkykA bl eqxsZ dks jkgr ls T;knk vc
bl ckr dk ;dhu gks pyk Fkk fd vc rks mlh dh
ckjh gSA og gj vkrs tkrs O;fDr dks Mjh gqbZ
uT+kjksa ls ns[krk fd dgha og ml nqdku ij u #d
tk,A
eqxkZ gj {k.k] gj iy viuh ekSr dk bartkj
dj jgk Fkk] bldk vFkZ ;g ugha fd og ejuk
pkgrk Fkk] cfYd mls irk Fkk fd vc rks mlh dh
ckjh gSA ij fdlh fof'k"V /kkfeZd vk;kstu ds
dkj.k dqN fnuksa rd nqdku esa dksbZ xzkgd ugha
vk;kA vki D;k lksprs gSa] D;k og bu c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vuqHkwfr;k¡
& gj çrhd vk;Z
vuqHkwfr foo'krk dh
Xykfu dh
Mj dh
yTtk dh
lkFkh] vuqHkwfr papyrk dh
lR; dh
vcks/krk dh
ifo=rk dh
gk¡ ,slh gh Fkh] çFke çse dh vuqHkwfrA
le; dk pØ kwek] ;kSou vk;k]
l[kh] çhfr dk u;k Lo:i yk;kA
vuqHkwfr mRlkg dh
vfHkeku dh
leiZ.k dh
dkeokluk dh
flgjk] daik çk.kksa dks xbZA
dky dh xfr cgkrh jgh]
opuc) thou ls HksaV djkrh jghA
cgqr le; chrk-ç.k; ls fQj ckr gqbZA
fe=oj] ij gk;! ;g dSlh vuqHkwfr
D;ksa] dc] dSls ,slk gqvk&ç'u gh ç'uA
D;k bPNk,a gkj xb±
D;k eu mM+uk Hkwy x;k
D;k e`R;q lehi gS
D;k ;gh e`R;q gSA
eSa NViVkrk&mÙkjksa ls vcks/k&vutkuA
dSls yMwa&dSls fot; ikÅa]
dSls vius thou ij viuk
[kks;k vf/kdkj okil ykÅaA
fdrkcsa] ijke'kZ] osn] Kkuh-lc fu"QyA
,dkar esa 'kCnksa dks cqurk] cl bruk ç.k
dj ik;k gw¡]
thou dks thfor j[kuk gksxk
lkFkh] galrs] xkrs] eqLdjkrs
lc dqN lguk gksxk
fu"Bk j[kks-Hkksj gksxh-iqutZUe gksxk!
100

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
esjh jsy ;k=k
& xq# nÙk tks'kh
eSa iqjkuh fnYyh jsyos
LVs'ku ds fy, kj ls le;
ls nks kaVs igys fudykA
jkLrs esa feyus okyk VªSfQd
dHkh vkidks vius xarO; rd
igqapus esa ck/kk igq¡pk ldrk
gSA eSa rks uks,Mk ls iqjkuh
fnYyh dh vksj vk jgk FkkA fdlh rjg ,d ck/kk
dks ikj djds LVs'ku ij igq¡pkA IysVQkeZ ij cgqr
HkhM+ FkhA ,d-nwljs dks /kDdk nsdj vkxs cs ugha feysA ;gh Mj lap; dh ço`fÙk dks
cs ,ykSV gqbZ gSA eSaus ,d eghus igys fjTkoZ
djk;h FkhA* iqfyl okyk cksyk & ^rw iqfyl baLisDVj
ls ckr dj jgk gS*A eSaus dgk & ^rks D;k gqvk\*
iqfyl baLisDVj & ^eSa t:jh dke ls xkft;kckn
tk jgk gw¡A ogka mrj tkÅaxk] ys ;kj] rw Hkh
,MtsLV gks tkA* mlus esjs cSBus ds fy, FkksM+k lk
dksuk [kkyh dj fn;kA eSa fdlh rjg ls fldqM+dj
cSB x;kA eSaus baLisDVj ls dgk & ^vki Hkh lhV
fjT+koZ djk ldrs Fks] vki Hkh ijs'kku gks jgs gks]
nwljksa dks Hkh ijs'kku djrs gksA blhfy, vki yksxksa
dh Nfo [kjkc gksrh gS*A iqfyl baLisDVj & ^NksM+
HkkbZ] csdkj dk Hkk"k.k er nsA gesa bT+tr djokuh
101

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkrh gSA pqipki cSBk jg*A eSaus pqi jgus esa gh
viuh HkykbZ le>hA dkuwu dk j[kokyk gh dkuwu
rksM+ jgk FkkA ,d rks cxSj fVdV] nwljk fjT+koZ
dksp esa lhV ij vuf/kdkj dCtkA nksuksa dh
ckrphr dk fo"k; Hkh kwl[kksjh gh FkkA ,d iqfyl
baLisDVj nwljs ls & rwus dy tks mxkgh dh Fkh]
mldk C;ksjk ugha feykA eSa lhfu;j gw¡] rw twfu;jA
esjk dguk ugha ekuk rks eSa rsjh iksfLVax lw[kh
txg ij djok nw¡xkA lkgc ds ,-lh- dh isesaV
djuh gSA dy tks mxkgh gqbZ gS og lkjk dS'k eq>s
ns nsukA xkft;kckn dk IysVQkeZ vk x;k FkkA
nksuksa ogha ij mrj x;sA eq>s esjh iwjh cFkZ fey
x;hA eSa vkjke ls cSB x;kA
esjh cFkZ ds lkeus okyh cFkZ ij cSBs O;fDr
ls eSaus iwNk & ^vki dgka rd tk,axsA viuk
ifjp; nhft,*A og cksyk & esjk uke rdnhj gSA
eSa ,d fdlku dk csVk gw¡A eSa fnYyh 'kgj esa
ukSdjh djrk gw¡*A eSaus iwNk & ^rqEgsa 'kgj dSlk
yxk*A rdnhj & ^D;k crkš lkgcA eq>s 'kgj esa
yksx LokFkhZ yxrs gSaA ;gka yksx eryc ls ckr
djrs gSaA iSls dh bT+tr gksrh gSA vf/kdrj yksx
laosnughu gSaA vkidk Hkh dksbZ eryc gksxk*A eSa
cksyk & ^ugha HkkbZ] esjk dksbZ LokFkZ ugha gSA eSaus
lkspk fd pqipki cSBus ls vPNk gS ckrphr djds
le; fcrk;k tk;sA lQj Hkh dV tk;sxkA ,d
nwljs ds ckjs esa tkudkjh gks tk;sxhA lekt esa
,d nwljs ls feytqydj jguk pkfg,A laoknghurk
ugha gksuh pkfg,*A rdnhj& ckcwth] fdlku ifjokj
ls esjk laca/k gSA xkao ds yksxksa dks usrk yksx fdl
rjg mYyw cukrs gSa ;g vkidks ekywe gh gksxkA os
xjhc yksxksa dks viuh rkdr dk ,glkl djkus ds
fy, mUgsa fnYyh ykrs gSaA pquko ds le; >wBs
vk'oklu nsdj bUgsa 'kgj esa yk;k tkrk gSA Vsªu
esa fdl rjg p esa ugha vk;kA eSa rks la;qDr
ifjokj gh ilan djrk gw¡A rhu-pkj ekg ds
vUrjky ij eSa vius xkao vk tkrk gw¡A ekufld
jksfx;ksa dh la[;k blhfy, 'kgjksa esa c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ckr dj nh gSaA vki rks eq>ls T;knk le>nkj gSA
ekQ djuk] dqN xyr ckr dg nh gks rksA eSa xkao
dk vkneh xkaookyksa dh rjg gh lksprk gw¡A
cxy dh lhV ij cSBs lTtu rikd ls
cksys iM+s & cM+h xkao dh ckrsa dj jgk gSA dT+kZ
fdlkuksa ds ekQ gksrs gSaA fctyh pksjh buds }kjk
gksrh gSA fcuk fVdV xkaookys ;k=k djrs gSaA Ñf"k
ij VSDl ugha yxrk gSA cM+s Hkksys curs gSaA bZekunkjh
dh ckrsa djrs gSaA eSaus dgk & nsf[k;s lkgc] vPNscqjs
yksx lc txg gksrs gSaA fQj Hkh xkaoksa esa vkt
Hkh vknj-lRdkj fd;k tkrk gSA vfrfFk dks Hkh
le; nsrs gSaA vkSj tgka rd ljdkj dh ckr gS]
mls lcdks ns[kuk gS & xkao gks ;k 'kgj & gj oxZ
dks ns[kuk gSA rdnhj & eSa ,slk ugha ekurkA
fdlkuksa dks gh D;ksa vkRegR;k djuh iM+rh gSA
vkadM+s mBk yhft,A vkt rd gT+kkjksa fdlku
Qly [kjkc gksus ij vkRegR;k dj pqds gSaA
ukSdjh is'kk O;fDr dks rks gj eghus fuf'pr osru
fey tkrk gSA fdlku dh rks Qly idsxh rc
mls mlds nke feysaxsA gks ldrk gS baænso dh
Ñik u gksus ij Qly cckZn gks tk,A gekjk rks
gd Hkh gedks ugha feyrkA dksVZ-dpgjh Hkh vehjksa
ds lkFk gSA xjhc rks U;k; dh vkl esa dksVZ ds
pDdj yxkrs-yxkrs ej tkrk gS] mldh lquokbZ
ugha gksrhA vpkud dksp ds nwljs Nksj ls 'kksj
lqukbZ nsus yxkA ,d vkneh cngokl cM+cM+krk
gqvk gekjh vksj vk;kA eSaus iwNk & D;k gks x;k\
Mjrs gq, mlus dgk & 25-30 o"kZ dh mez ds pkj
toku yM+ds ;kf=;ksa dks ywV jgs gSaA efgykvksa ls
xgus] iq#"kksa ls udnh] vaxwBh tks fey tk;s] Nhu
jgs gSaA u nsus ij fiVkbZ dj jgs gSa] tku ls ekjus
dh /kedh ns jgs gSaA eSaus ilZ ls rqjar udnh
fudkydj cSx esa Nqik nhA ilZ esa 200 #i;s j[k
fy;sA ftlls fiVkbZ ls cp tkšA tc rd yqVsjs
gekjs ikl igq¡prs] vxyk LVs'ku vk x;k FkkA
yqVsjs Hkkx x;sA gekjs dksp esa dksgjke epk gqvk
FkkA dksbZ viuh lkjh iwath xaok pqdk Fkk rks dksbZ
;k=h cqjh rjg ygwyqgku FkkA efgyk;sa vius
tsoj-psu] eaxylw= vkSj vaxwBh xaok pqdh FkhaA
dqN ;k=h viuh o"kZ Hkj dh dekbZ yqVsjksa dks ns
pqds FksA
ge lc LVs'ku ekLVj ds ikl f'kdk;r
djus igqapsA ;kf=;ksa dk xqLlk lkrosa vkleku ij
FkkA rHkh lkeus ls jsyos lqj{kk cy ds nks flikgh
rFkk ,d baLisDVj ogka ij vk x;sA dbZ ;k=h ,d
Loj esa fpYyk;s & ^tc cnek'k gesa ywVdj Hkkx
x;s] rc rqe viuh lwjr fn[kkus vk;s gksA rqEgkjk
D;k Qk;nkA isa'ku ys jgs gksA ekSdk feys rks kwl
Hkh ys ysrs gksA baLisDVj cksyk & fcYdqy Bhd gSA
gks ldrk gS dqN yksx ,slk djrs gksaA lc rks ,sls
ugha gSaA vki 70-75 dh la[;k esa gksrs gq, Hkh dqN
ugha dj ik;sA vxj vki yksx fgEer djrs rks
mUgsa idM+ ldrs FksA lT+kk Hkh ns ldrs FksA lc
feydj mUgsa ,slk lcd fl[kk nsrs fd Hkfo"; esa
bl ckjs esa os lksprs Hkh ughaA lc yksx lksprs gSa
fd ge mUgsa idM+ ysrsA tcfd canwd yVdk;s
gksus ij Hkh gesa vijk/kh dks ekjus dk vf/kdkj ugha
gSA cUnwd rks flQZ Mjkus ds fy, gSA tc rd
turk tkx:d ugha gksxh dqN ugha gks ldrkA
ge rks vki yksxksa dks lg;ksx ns ldrs gSaA dy
103

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
;fn ge ukSdjh ls c[kkZLr gks x;s rks gekjs
ifjokj dh ns[kHkky dkSu djsxk\ vki yksx rks
vius-vius kj pys tk;saxsA dksbZ dksVZ esa xokgh
ds fy, vk;sxk\ vijk/k lkfcr ugha gqvk rks os
NwV tk;saxsA fQj gesa rks jksT+k Vªsu esa pyuk gSA
fdl-fdl fMCcs dks ns[ksaA vijk/kh dh igq¡p Å¡ph
gqbZ rks gesa dkSu cpk,xk\ LVs'ku ekLVj & gka]
crkb;s D;k-D;k [kks;k gS\ ;k=h & [kks;k ugha]
yqVk gSA LVs'ku ekLVj & Bhd gS fjiksVZ fy[kok
nksA rgdhdkr gksxhA lkeku feyus ij vkidks
lwpuk ns nh tk;sxhA ,d ;k=h & gekjs nf{k.k
Hkkjr esa rks dHkh MdSrh ugha gksrhA ;s mÙkj Hkkjr
,slk gh gSA LVs'ku ekLVj & pfy,-pfy,A Vªsu
esa cSfB,( pyus okyh gSA esjk LVs'ku vk x;k FkkA
eSa LVs'ku ls ckgj vk;k fjD'kk idM+dj vius
xUrO; dh vksj py iM+kA eSa lksp jgk Fkk ,sls gh
thou pyrk jgsxkA dqN ugha cnyus okykA
vkcknh dk cks> ;wa gh c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
et+nwj vkSj fdlku
& jktsaæ frokjh
xkaoksa ds mRFkku dks cu jgs lSdM+ksa Iyku]
ij xk¡o x+jhc gh jg x;s] /kuh xzke-ç/kkuA
Þeujsxkß vkus ls] lkS fnu dh c¡/kh Fkh vkl]
ij Hkz"Vkpkj us dj fn;k] bldk Hkh lR;kuk'kA
[kkus dks jksVh ugha] uk flj

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
tkWtZ lksan
& lfjrk 'kekZ
Þfdlh fnu nqfu;k eq>s
tkusxh vkSj le>sxhA ijarq
,slk ugha Hkh gqvk] rks Hkh
dksbZ [kkl Q+dZ ugha iM+rkA
rc rd eSa efgykvksa ds fy,
jkg cuk pqdh gksÅaxhAß tkWtZ
lksan us ;g Hkfo";ok.kh 19oha
lnh esa dh FkhA Ýkal esa ml le; efgykvksa ds
fy, viuh vkT+kknh dh ckr djuk vkSj eueT+khZ
dk thou thuk ljy ugha FkkA tkWtZ lksan us vius
miU;klksa] dgkfu;ksa] ukVdksa] ys[kksa vkSj laLej.kksa
ls rks yksdfç;rk gkfly dh gh] futh thou esa
Hkh vla[; çse çlaxksa us mls ppkZ dk fo"k; cuk;s
j[kkA oLrqr%] mlds miU;klksa esa thou dh vusd
kVukvksa dk dkYifud fp=.k gSA
tkWtZ lksan dk tUe 1 tqykbZ 1804 dks
isfjl esa gqvkA mldk uke vkeksafru yqfly vkWjksj
nwiksa FkkA mlds firk eksfjl nwiksa fefyVªh vQlj
FksA pkj o"kZ dh mez esa gh firk ds nsgkar ds ckn
lksan dk ykyu-ikyu mldh nknh eknke nwiksa us
uksgksar esa fd;k tksfd mldh nknh dh laink FkhA
;gka fcrk;s nl o"kks± ds nkSjku mlus xkao ds n`';ksa
vkSj thou dks vkRelkr fd;kA mlus fdlkuksa ds
rkSj-rjhdksa vkSj fopkjksa dks tkukA xzkeh.k pfj=
vkSj n`'; mldh Le`fr esa brus xgjkbZ ls cl x;s
Fks fd og T+k:jr iM+us ij vius miU;klksa esa
mudk bLrseky dj ysrh FkhA
rsjg o"kZ dh vk;q rd mls lkSrsys HkkbZ ds
lkFk kj ij gh V~;w'ku ds ek/;e ls i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
viuh HkM+kl fudkyh Fkh] ftls i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
Hkjk i= fy[kk tks muds mn~nke çse dh 'kq:vkr
FkhA 1833 esa E;wts ds lkFk og osful nkSjs ij x;h
vkSj ogka [kqn dks ys[ku esa O;Lr j[kkA 'kq:-'kq:
esa I;kj Hkjh yEch ckrphr vkSj jksekafVd ekgkSy esa
nksuksa dks yxk fd os ,d nwljs ds fy, cus gSaA exj
E;wts csgn cksfj;r eglwl djus yxkA mls vkB
kaVs fy[kus esa O;Lr çsfedk dh ctk; dSQs esa
'kjkc ihuk vkSj os';kxeu djuk vf/kd #fpdj
yxkA ckn esa og cgqr chekj iM+ x;kA tkWtZ lksan
us mldh lsok dhA ijarq E;wts dk bykt djus
okys MkWDVj fi,=ks iktsyks ls mlds çse laca/k cu
x;sA E;wts ds Bhd gksus ds ckn tkWtZ MkWDVj
fi,=ks ds lkFk isfjl ykSV vk;hA MkWDVj ls Hkh
og tYnh gh Åc x;hA E;wts ls mlus fQj ls
laidZ djus dh dksf'k'k dh exj E;wts us mls
viuh e`R;q 'kS;k ij cqykus ls bUdkj dj fn;kA
lkfgR; ds bfrgkl esa muds laca/k dks ^yo Mªkek
vkWQ osful* dgk tkrk gSA E;wts us ^dUQs';ksa n
vksaQksa n fl;kDy* vkSj tkWtZ lksan us ^Yoh , ,Yy*
esa bl çse laca/k ls mith grk'kk] fujk'kk vkSj
vkjksi-çR;kjksi dks tkfgj fd;kA
dfo E;wts us tkWtZ dh 'kSyh dks çHkkfor
fd;k vkSj ^tkd* rFkk mlds ckn ds miU;klksa esa
tkWtZ lksan us ^eqDr vkSj fuckZ/k çse* dks fo"k; oLrq
cuk;kA tkd esa ifr-iRuh vkSj çseh ds f=dks.k
dks fn[kkrs gq, çse dks nSoh vuqHkwfr vkSj ikou
crk;k x;k gSA ^fny dh ckr ekuks D;ksafd fT+kUnxh
esa ,d gh [kq'kh gS & I;kj nks vSj I;kj yksA*
fT+kUnxh Hkj tkWtZ dks egku çse dh vkSj ,d ,sls
çseh dh ryk'k jgh tks mls cnys esa mlds ftruk
gh I;kj djsA og ^fe'ksy fn cwtsZt+* ds n'kZu vkSj
fjifCydu fopkj/kkjk ls cgqr çHkkfor gqbZ exj
dyk vkSj dkO;foghu mins'kksa dks og vkRelkr~
ugha dj ik;hA tkWtZ lksan dh fe=rk laxhrdkj
Ýkat+fyT+r ls Hkh FkhA fyT+r vkSj mldh thou
lafxuh dksarsl fn vX;wYr ds lkFk tkWtZ us iwjs
fLoV~T+kjySaM dh ;k=k dhA ^jsO;w ns n eksUn~l* esa
Nius okys ^ys ysrlZ n cks;ktkj* esa tkWtZ lksan us
viuh ;k=kvksa ds nkSjku feys yksxksa vkSj ns[ks x;s
LFkkuksa dk Hkkoço.k o.kZu fd;k gSA blesa ^fe'ksy
fn cwtsZt+ ds vykok] fyRt vkSj dksarsl ds ckjs esa
Hkh foLrkj ls fy[kk x;k gSA fyRt bl ckr ls
ukjkT+k gks x;k vkSj mlus tkWtZ lksan ds ckjs esa
dVqrkiw.kZ fVIif.k;ka Hkh dhaA
33 lky dh mez esa tkWtZ lksan us laxhrdkj
Ýsnsfjd 'kksisa ls çse laca/k LFkkfir fd;kA lu~
1838-39 dh lnhZ esa tkWtZ lksan 'kksisa vkSj vius
cPpksa ds lkFk nf{k.k Ýkal fLFkr }hi ektksdZ x;h
Fkh ftlds ckjs esa mlus ^vafu;sj vk ektksdZ* esa
fy[kk gSA 'kksisa dks risfnd gks x;k FkkA bl le;
ektksdZ esa cjlkr vkSj BaM dk ekSle FkkA mUgsa
Bgjus ds fy, vPNh txg ugha fey ikus ds
dkj.k 'kksisa dh rch;r vkSj Hkh fcxM+ x;hA tkWtZ
us ,d ulZ dh rjg cgqr vPNh ns[k-js[k dhA ;g
laca/k Hkh cgqr yack ugha py ik;kA tkWtZ lksan us
vius miU;kl ^yqØsftvk yksfj;kuk* esa 'kksisa dks
/;ku esa j[krs gq, ^djksy* uked pfj= x

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lu~ 1848 dh Ýkalhlh Økafr esa tkWtZ lksan us
lf+Ø; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA og yksdra= dh fgek;rh
Fkh vkSj mlus dqN miU;klksa esa 'kgj vkSj xkaoksa esa
jgus okys xjhcksa dh vPNkb;ksa dks ljkgkA og lj
okYVj LdkWV dh rjg cgqr T;knk vkSj ,aduh
Vªksyksi dh rjg fu;fer :i ls fy[krh FkhA dbZ
o"kks± rd og jkr dks 10 cts ls lqcg 5 cts rd
fy[krh jgh FkhA tc ÝkaLok cwykst us tkWtZ lksan
ds miU;kl dks ^jsO;wt ns n eksUn~l* esa Nkius ls
bUdkj dj fn;k Fkk rks mlus is,j ys:t vkSj yqbZ
fo;kjnks ds lkFk feydj ^yk jsO;w ,ansiksanksar*
fudkykA ^ys lsr dksnlZ n yk yk;j*] ^y esfu,j
nkaftoksYr* vkSj ^y isl n fel;w vkaRoku* lektoknh
miU;kl FksA mldk lektokn vk'kkoknh vkSj
vkn'kZoknh FkkA bu miU;klksa es tkWtZ lksan us
Jfedksa vkSj fdlkuksa ds çfr lgkuqHkwfr fn[kkbZA
lu~ 1848 esa Ýkalhlh Økafr ds nkSjku uksgksar esa
jgrs gq, fy[ks x;s ^yk es;j vks fn;kCy* ^yk
isfrr Qsnsr* vkSj ^ys eS= lksulZ* xzkeh.k thou ls
tqM+s gSaA muesa lh/ks-lkns thou dh vPNkb;ksa dks
fn[kkrs gq, csjh ds fdlkuksa dk c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
rsu us mldh ladYiuk vkSj lkgl dh rkjhQ dhA
1 twu] 1876 dks tkWtZ lksan dh e`R;q gqbZA
tkWtZ lksan us flQZ ys[ku ls viuk vkSj
cPpksa dk Hkj.k-iks"k.k fd;kA mlus dqy 80 miU;kl
fy[ksA vusd v[kckjksa ds fy, vla[; ys[k fy[ks]
tks 180 [kaMksa esa ekStwn gSa vkSj mlds fy[ks gT+kkjksa
i=ksa esa ls 15000 i= vc Hkh miyC/k gSaA mlus dbZ
ukVd vkSj ;k=k o`Ùkkar Hkh fy[ksA mlus lkfgfR;d
leh{kk dh vkSj jktuSfrd ys[k Hkh fy[ksA lu~
1848 dh Ýkalhlh Økafr ds le; efgykvksa dks
vf/kdkj ugha feys FksA tkWtZ lksan us mudh mUufr
ds fy, vkokT+k mBkbZA mlus viuk v[kckj 'kq:
fd;k tks Jfedksa ds dks-vkWijsfVo ds lg;ksx ls
çdkf'kr gqvk FkkA Økafr ds çpkj ds fy, mlus
Ng iqfLrdk,a Hkh Niokb±A
tkWtZ lksan dh jpukvksa dks okYV foVesu]
nksLrksoksLdh] eklsZy çkmLr vkSj ,fyT+kkcsFk csjsV
czkmfuax }kjk ljkgk x;kA vaxzsT+k vkykspd tkWtZ
gsujh ysfol us tkWtZ lksan dks ml lnh dh lcls
egRoiw.kZ ysf[kdk crk;k gSA
D;k vki tkurs gSa fdμ
--- igyk KkuihB iqjLdkj o"kZ 1965 ds fy, ey;kye dfo xksfoUn 'kadj dq#i
dks muds dfork laxzg vksVDdq"k+y ds fy, fn;k x;k FkkA
--- dkcZu ds jklk;fud ;kSfxdksa dks dkcZfud ;kSfxd dgrs gSaA çÑfr esa budh
la[;k 10 yk[k ls Hkh vf/d gSA
--- uo o"kZ dk mRlo 4000 lky igys ls ^cschyksu* esa euk;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu
ml le; uo o"kZ dk ;g R;kSgkj 21 ekpZ dks euk;k tkrk Fkk tks olar Írq
ds vkxeu dh Hkh frfFk FkhA
110

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrk
& /kesZUæ eksgys
eSa tx dks I;kj ugha djrkA
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrkA
;g thou ctrk rkj&rkjA
eSa thrk jgrk gkj&gkjA
eSa nq%[k ls Åc ugha ldrkA
eSa lq[k esa Mwc ugha ldrkA
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrkA
eSa dksey vkSj dBksj cukA
eSa ljy vkSj kukksj cukA
eSa vkfn cuk vkSj Nksj cukA
tx eq>dks tku ugha ldrkA
eSa tx dks tku ugha ldrkA
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrkA
thou gS ;g ,d igsyhA
dfork mldh ,d lgsyhA
oks lafxuh vius lax ys yksA
tx eq>dks lR; ugha dgrkA
eSa tx dks lR; ugha dgrkA
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrkA
og ugha nwj gS esjh I;kjhA
ij tx ls gS og fdruh U;kjhA
u;u [kksy dj mls fugk:aA
og eq>ls nwj ugha jgrhA
eSa mlls nwj ugha jgrkA
tx eq>dks I;kj ugha djrkA
111

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
uhan vkSj tkxj.k
& fofiu dqekj
vkuan dbZ fnuksa ls
iwNuk pkg jgs FksA cq) ds
lkFk og fujarj ;k=k ij
Fks vkSj jkf= foJke ds le;
muds fudV gh lks;k djrs
FksA lqcg cq) dh vka[ksa
[kqyha rks vkuan ds eq[k ij
mRlqdrk vkSj gSjkuh ds Hkko ns[kdj eqLdqjk
mBsA vkf[kjdkj vkuan us iwN gh fy;k] ÞHkxou~]
eSa lksrs le; jksT+k ns[krk gwa vkidksA esjh uhan
jkr esa dbZ ckj mpVrh gS vkSj vki ij fuxkg
tkrh gSA eSa ckj-ckj djoVsa cnyrk jgrk gwaA
ysfdu vki ftl eqæk] ftl djoV esa lksrs gSa]
mlh djoV] mlh eqæk esa gh lqcg tkxrs gSaA
chp esa ,d ckj Hkh vki dh uhan ugha mpVrh] u
gh vki dHkh djoV cnyrs gSaAß cq) cksys] ÞeSa
tc lksrk gwa rks iwjh rjg lks tkrk gwaA esjs 'kjhj
;k fdlh vax dks fgyus ;k djoV cnyus dh
vuqefr ugha gksrhA eu uhan esa iwjh rjg ls 'kkar
vkSj 'kwU; jgrk gSAß
'kjhj vkSj eu uhan esa Hkh] iwjh rjg ls dkcw
esa jgs] ;gh rks cq)Ro gSA cq)Ro ,d {k.k dh
vuqHkwfr ugha gSA ;g gj {k.k dk lk{khHkko gSA ;g
iw.kZ tkxj.k dh voLFkk gSA tks lksrs le; iwjh
rjg lks tkrk gks] ogh tkxrs le; iwjh rjg txk
jg ldrk gSA ,slk gh O;fDr cq)Ro dks miyC/k
gks ldrk gSA
dqN {k.kksa ds fy, rks cgqr-ls yksx cq)
cu ldrs gSa] ysfdu cq)Ro ds LFkk;h LoHkko esa
çfrf"Br gks ikuk] fLFkrçK cu ikuk vR;ar
dfBu gSA cM+s ls cM+s fl)-riLoh] _f"k-eqfu]
egkRek-lar fopfyr] Øksf/kr] ifrr vkSj 'kkfir
gksrs ns[ks x, gSaA ysfdu lgtrk] larqyu vkSj
lk{khHkko dks lnSo dk;e j[k ikuk dsoy cq)
ds fy, gh laHko gSA ;g jkLrk Nqjs dh /kkj ij
pyus ftruk dfBu gSA ;g fujarj vH;kl ls
gh fl) gksrk gSA
Þ--- {kqjL; /kkjk fuf'krk nqjR;;k nqx±
iFkLrRdo;ks onfUrßA ¼dBksifu"kn½
cq) ds fy, Hkh vius cq)Ro Hkko dk rc rd
vH;kl djuk t:jh gksrk gS tc rd fd og
LFkk;h LoHkko u cu tk,A Kku çkfIr ds ckn ,d
fnu xkSre cq) fdlh ftKklq ds ç'u dk mÙkj ns
jgs Fks fd vpkud og cksyrs-cksyrs #d x,A ,d
eD[kh mM+rs gq, muds psgjs ij vkbZ vkSj cq) dk
gkFk vdLekr~ eD[kh dks mM+kus ds fy, mB x;kA
cq) xaHkhj gks x,A ml ftKklq us bl rjg
vpkud xaHkhj gks tkus dk dkj.k iwNk rks cq)
cksys] ÞvHkh esjk vH;kl iwjk ugha gqvk gSA eD[kh
psgjs ij vkbZ vkSj esjk gkFk vupkgs gh mls mM+kus
ds fy, mB x;k FkkA eSa vius eu dh çfrfØ;k
vkSj gkFk dh gjdr ds çfr ltx ugha jg ik;k
FkkAß
112

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
esjs ,d fe= gSaA ljdkjh vf/kdkjh gSa] ysfdu
chl lky ljdkjh ukSdjh djus ds ckn Hkh vkyL;]
dkepksjh vkSj lqLrh ls cps gq, gSaA u gh 'kjhj dk
otu ck nsus ds fy, dgkA ,d-nks feuV
Hkh ugha xqtjs gksaxs fd eq>s /;ku vk;k fd dgha
mUgsa jkr dks ePNjksa ls ijs'kkuh u gks] blfy,
vkWy vkmV dk Iyx yxkus ds fy, dejs esa x;kA
rc rd og xgjh uhan ds vkxks'k esa tk pqds FksA
lqcg esjs tkxus ls igys gh og Ýs'k gks pqds FksA
eSaus iwNk] Þjkr dks ePNjksa us ijs'kku rks ugha
fd;k\ß og cksys] Þirk gh ugha pykA xgjh uhan
vkbZ] ges'kk dh rjgAß
fdlh ubZ txg] fdlh u, fcLrj ij bruh
lgtrk ls rqjar uhan vk tkuk vkSj jkr Hkj xgjh
uhan esa lksuk dksbZ lkekU; ckr ugha gSA geesa ls
vf/kdrj dks lksus ls igys vDlj dqN nsj i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
rkius dk miØe dj jgs gksaA ;g lc og vutkus
gh djrs gSa] ,d vknr&lh cu xbZ gSA gekjs fy,
cgqr ls 'kCn rfd;kdyke cu tkrs gSa] ftUgsa
oD+r-csD+r ge vutkus nksgjkrs jgrs gSaA
;g lc crkrk gS fd ge lgt ugha gSa] ge
larqfyr ugha gSa vkSj gekjh psruk iwjh rjg ls
tkxh ugha gSA gekjs Hkhrj dk ruko] gekjh cspSuh]
gekjh ykijokgh blfy, gS fd ge lksrs oDr
xgjh] xk

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
dgrs gSa fd vPNh uhan ulhc okyksa dks gh
vkrh gSA vki pkgs ftruh fo|k] laifÙk ;k lÙkk
ds Lokeh gksa] uhan vkidh ethZ ls vkus okyh pht+
ugha gSA vki cf

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
cs'kdherh cky
& t; 'kadj ik.Ms;
cs'kdherh cky ;s jk[kks bUgsa cpk;
ugha dHkh ;s fQj mxsa yk[k jgks fpYyk;A
yk[k jgks fpYyk; u fQj ;s flj ij vk,a
thuk gks nq'okj dgha tks Hkwys ls >M+ tk,aA
Hkwys ls >M+ tk,a ugha dksbZ ukfj foyksds
nwjfg ls Hkfx tk, cky fcu flj tks ns[ks
dgaw lR; ;g ckr cky dh efgek Hkkjh
cky u flj ij tkds nqyZHk okds ukjhA
***************
cky fcuk flj ;wa fn[ks ekuks eqnkZkkV
Hkk¡;&Hkk¡; djrk lnk lwuk vkSj likVA
lwuk vkSj likV fd tSls mtM+h D;kjh
cky gSa flj ds rkt fd budh efgek HkkjhA
budh efgek Hkkjh ns[kus esa Hkh yxrs vPNs
fcu buds flj ns[k iqdkjsa nknw&nknw cPpsA
dgaw lR; ;g ckr cky fcu O;FkZ tokuh
[kkyh-[kkyh pk¡n pedrk tSls ikuhA
116

+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ckmUMªh ykbu
& vuqt dqekj
'kjn dk iwjk kj MªkWbax
:e esa ltk cSBk FkkA lc
dh utjsa VsyhfoT+ku ds LØhu
ij fVdh FkhaA eSp 'kq: gks
pqdk FkkA 'kjn ds firk
çdk'k] NksVk HkkbZ lquhy]
NksVh cgu pk¡nuh vkSj ,d
ukSdjkuh flUnwjh] lHkh eSp dk eT+kk ys jgs FksA ek¡
jsorh Hkh Fkh ysfdu og viuk dke NksM+ chp-chp
esa vkrh vkSj pyh tkrhA ogk¡ ugha Fkk rks cl ,d
'kjnA 'kjn vc dgk¡ cSBrk Fkk ifjokj ds lkFk!
le; gh dgk¡ Fkk mlds ikl! jsorh lkFk eSp
ns[kus dks dgrh rks cl ^gw¡-gk¡* dgdj Vky tk;k
djrk FkkA jsorh rks cl bruk tkurh Fkh fd 'kjn
dk dke [+kwc py fudyk gSA vc kj esa lkjh
lq[k-lqfo/kkvksa dh oLrq,¡ mlh us rks bdB~Bh dh
Fkha] ugha rks çdk'k nk dh dgk¡ bruh dekbZ Fkh fd
[kjhn ykrs brus cM+s insZ okyk VsyhfoT+ku!
ek¡ jsorh jlksbZ esa tw> jgh FkhA yk[k tYnh
ds ckotwn eSp dh 'kq:vkr ls igys dke [+kRe
ugha dj ikbZ FkhA dke Hkh rks [+kRe gksus dk uke
ugha ys jgk Fkk! jsorh dh tSls cspSuh ckad vk jgh FkhA pk¡nuh
ikik ds flj esa rsy dh ekfy'k djrh gqbZ [ksy dh
ifj.kfr dh Hkfo";ok.kh Hkh djrh tk jgh FkhA
VsyhfoT+ku dk okWY;we Hkh rst gh FkkA tc-tc
cYysckt ^chV* gksrk] iwjk LVsfM;e lUu jg tkrkA
pk¡nuh Hkh tSls mQ + dj mBrhA ysfdu tSls gh
vxyh xsan ij dksbZ ju curk] fQj ls iwjk LVsfM;e
'kksj ls xw¡t mBrkA VsyhfoT+ku ds insZ ij rLohjsa
rsth ls kwe jgh FkhaA desUVsVj Hkh rLohjksa dks
ltho cukus dh iwjh dksf'k'k esa yxk gqvk FkkA og
cksyrk tk jgk Fkk]
Þ----------,d fLyi] ,d xyh] ,d doj] ,d
,DLVªk doj vkSj ,d Mhi feM vkWQ----;s gS vkWQ
lkbM QhYM----------vkWu lkbM esa ,d feM&vkWu]
,d ykWUx vkWu vkSj ,d f[kykM+h Qkbu ysx ij
ckmUMªh ykbu ds yxHkx nl xt vUnj---------------
vkleku esa gYds&gYds ckny] gkykafd ckfj'k dh
dksbZ laHkkouk de&ls&de vHkh ugha fn[k jgh----
blh chp vxyh xsan--------nkfgus gkFk ls vksoj n
fodsV----------xsan VIik [kkus ds ckn lh/ks cYys ij
vkbZ-----xsan dks iwjk lEeku fn;k vkSj [ksy fn;k
mls okil ckWyj ds ikl-----QkWyks Fkzw esa vk, ckWyj
----ckWy dks dysDV fd;k vkSj okil vius ju&vi
dh vksj---------ju cuus dh xfr 'kq:vkr ls gh
vPNh jgh gS---------n'kZdksa esa Hkkjh mRlkg ns[kus dks
fey jgk gS-----yksx igys ls gh

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ÞrqEgsa lqukbZ ugha nsrk D;k-----eEeh dc ls iqdkjs tk
jgh gS-----\ß
flUnwjh fpgq¡d iM+hA gYds ls mBh vkSj
jlksbZ dh vksj tkus yxhA ysfdu rc rd jsorh
Lo;a pk; ysdj vk xbZ FkhA flUnwjh pk; dh Vªs
gkFk ls ysus dh dksf'k'k djus yxh rks jsorh us
jksdrs gq, dgk] Þrqe jgus nks------Aß
pk¡nuh dh vksj ns[kdj cksy iM+h] ÞeSaus rks
rqEgsa cqyk;k Fkk vkSj rqeus bls gh f>M+duk 'kq:
dj fn;kA mls rks eSa Hkh cksy ldrh Fkh! ns[k ugha
jgh lqcg ls mls cq[kkj p

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
xbZ tcfd pk¡nuh iwoZor~ vius ikik ds ckyksa esa
maxfy;k¡ kqekus yxh FkhA çdk'k us VsyhfoT+ku ds
insZ ij viuh uT+kjsa xM+k nh Fkha] ysfdu FkksM+k
mnkl Hkh fn[kus yxk FkkA 'kk;n tsgu esa 'kjn ds
fØdsV dk [;ky vk x;k FkkA lc dh uT+kjsa
VsyhfoT+ku ds gh LØhu ij fVdh FkhaA desaVsVj
cksyrk gh tk jgk Fkk]
ßLVsfM;e n'kZdksa ls [kpk[kp Hkjk gqvk-----
cw> ds
lkFk [ksyk tk jgk fØdsV-----N% vksoj esa NIiu ju
fcuk fdlh uqdlku ds Hkkjr-----lkrosa vksoj dk
[ksy py jgk gS! ftl rsth ls ju cu jgs gSa] ;g
mEehn dh tk ldrh gS fd [ksy Hkkjr ds dCts esa
iwjh rjg ls vkrk gqvk-------,d vPNk rkyesy nksuksa
cYyscktksa ds chp-----rkjhQ djuh gksxh jfuax fcV~fou
n fodsV dh Hkh------ju rks tSls pqjk ysrs gS nksuksa
-----cgqr lqUnj flaxYl ns[kus dks fey jgs gSa ;gka-
----,d vPNh rduhd ds lkFk [ksyrs gq,-----vxj
eSp thruk gS rks ju dh xfr dks cjdjkj j[krs
gq, fodsV Hkh cpkuk gksxk-----blh chp vxyh xsan
----- vkSj ;s pkSdk-----xsan ysx LVEi ij VIik [kkus
ds ckn ckgj dh vksj FkksM+h lh VuZ gqbZ-----xsan dks
fn'kk nh Qkbu ysx dh vksj vkSj pkj ju-----tc
rd dksbZ QhYMj xsan dh lh/k esa vkrk] xsan ckmUMªh
ykbu ds ckgj---------rst+ vkmV QhYM gS bl xzkmUM
dk---------vxyh xsan--------------ß
tSls gh NDds vkSj pkSds yxrs rhu ;a=or~
yM+fd;k¡ tSls lfØ; gks mBrhaA dej vkSj furEcksa
dks fgYkk&fgykdj ekuks viuh [kq'kh dk bT+kgkj
djus yxrhaA budh çfrc)rk fdlh ,d Vhe ds
lkFk gks ,slk ugha FkkA NDds vkSj pkSdksa ds lkFklkFk]
;s fodsV fxjus ij Hkh mruh gh [kq'kh dk
bT+kgkj djrh FkhaA 'kk;n bu ^ph;j xYlZ* dh
#fp fØdsV ls T;knk ml laHkkfor /kujkf'k esa
119

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vf/kd gksrh Fkh tks eSp ds ckn bUgsa feyuh r;
gksrh FkhA bu ^ph;j xYlZ* dks ysdj LVsfM;e ds
n'kZdksa esa rks dksbZ dkSrwgy ugha fn[krk Fkk] ysfdu
VsyhfoT+ku ij eSp ns[k jgs n'kZd buds mNyrs
mjkstksa vkSj fgyrs furEcksa dks ns[k-ns[kdj [kq'k
gksrs jgrs FksA
bu pkSds vkSj NDdksa ds lkFk ^iaVjksa* esa
[kycyh ep x;h FkhA eksckby ds ^dh-iSM* ij
maxfy;k¡ epyus yxh FkhaA blh chp muesa ls
fdlh ,d dk eksckby dusDV gks x;k Fkk]
Þ'kdwj HkkbZ] vHkh Hkko D;k py jgk gS\ß
b/kj ls ,d iaVj us iwNkA
ÞdkSu cksy jgk gS\ß m/kj ls] rgdhdkr Hkjk
ygtk FkkA
ÞfoDdh frjiu dsljxat cksy jgk gw¡ 'kdwj
HkkbZ--------]ß iaVj dh vkokt esa vkRefo'okl fn[k
jgk FkkA
ÞpkSng-lksyg] frjaxk-----ß] m/kj ls vkokt vkbZA
ÞHkkbZ] esjk ,d chl gtkj frjaxs ij Mkyukß]
mlus fcuk fdlh nsjh ds rRdky dgkA
,d vU; iaVj cksy iM+k] Þ,d esjk Hkh Mky]
esjk Hkh-----iPphl gtkj frjaxs ij-----Aß
ßHkkbZ] ,d vkSj iPphl gtkj Mkyuk frjaxs
ij-----viuk nksLr gSAß igys okys iaVj us osfVax
cyd FkhA
Þviuk gh gS----le>ks viuk gh gS-----Aß iaVj
us bRehuku fn[kkrs gq, dgk FkkA
ÞxkjaVj dkSu gksxk-----\ß mlus ,sls iwNk tSls
lansg vHkh Hkh nwj uk gqvk gksA
Þvc eSa cksy jgk gw¡ rks xkjaVj Hkh rks eSa gh
gqvk uk HkkbZ-----!ß iaVj [kh> x;k FkkA
ßpy Bhd gS] rsjs uke ij gh Mkyrk gw¡-----!ß
vc rd tSls og larq"V gks pqdk FkkA
Þuks b'kw HkkbZ-----]ß igys iaVj us Mhy ij
eqgj yxk nh FkhA
,d rhljs iaVj us igys okys dks dqjsnk]
Þls'ku ys-----ls'ku------Aß
igys okys us rRdky iwNk] Þ-----vkSj HkkbZ]
vHkh ls'ku rks ugha vk;k gksxk------! dc rd vkus
dh mEehn gS------\ß
ÞvHkh bUrtkj dj] nl vksoj rks tkus
ns-----]ß nwljh rjQ dh vkokt esa FkksM+h lqLrh
FkhA
120

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
pk¡nuh vius ikik dh ihB ij kekSfj;k¡
fcurh gqbZ 'kjn ds chrs fdlh eSp ds jksekap dk
fdLlk lquk jgh FkhA b/kj 'kjn vius nrj esa
cSBk eSp dk tk;T+kk ys jgk FkkA ut+jsa rks
mldh Hkh VsyhfoT+ku ds gh LØhu ij fVdh Fkha]
ysfdu og vius ifjokj ds lnL;ksa ds chp ugha
FkkA [ksy ns[kdj vc og mruk mRlkfgr Hkh
ugha gksrk Fkk ftruk fd dHkh gqvk djrk FkkA
vc rks og cl ;a=or~ eSp dk tk;T+kk fy;k
djrk FkkA 'kjn dh ek¡ jsorh crkrh Fkh fd
fØdsV rks tSls 'kjn ds :g esa lek;k gqvk Fkk
vkSj ,slk yxrk Fkk ekuks ml dk tUe gh gqvk
gks fØdsV [ksyus ds fy,! 'kk;n firk ds thu
dk vlj FkkA
'kjn ds firk çdk'k nk vius 'kgj ds
e'kgwj fØdsVj FksA yksx-ckx+ crkrs gSa fd çdk'k
nk tc [ksyrs Fks rks yksx nwj-njkT+k ls mudk
[ksy ns[kus vk;k djrs FksA muds pkgus okyksa
dk [+;ky Fkk fd çdk'k nk dks vxj FkksM+k-lk
jktuSfrd laj{k.k feyk gksrk] ;k os fdlh cM+s
ukSdj'kkg ;k fØdsVj ds csVs gksrs] rks vkt os
jk"Vªh; Vhe ds vxz.kh f[kykM+h ds :i esa ;kn fd,
tkrsA fdlh v[+kckj us ,d ckj fy[kk Fkk fd
çdk'k mlh rduhd ls [ksyrs gSa tks xkoLdj dh
rduhd gSA fØdsV ds tkudkjksa dk dguk Fkk fd
tgk¡ çdk'k nk dk doj Mªkbo vkSj LVªsV Mªkbo
MkWu czSMeSu vkSj xkoLdj dh rjg Fkk] ogha LDok;j
dV esa os xSjh lksclZ ds djhc igq¡prs FksA 'kgj dh
yM+fd;k¡ rks mudh bruh nhokuh Fkha] ftruh fdlh
fQYe-LVkj ds fy, Hkh ugha gksrh gSaA bl ckr dks
ysdj pk¡nuh firk dks NsM+rh Hkh jgrh FkhA tc
pk¡nuh firk dks chrs fnuksa dh ;kn fnykrh rks
çdk'k nk ds psgjs ij vuk;kl gh iqjkus fnu
pedus yxrs FksA
os FkksM+k >sairs vkSj fQj cksy iM+rs] Þvjs
dgk¡ iwjs 'kgj dh yM+fd;k¡------! iwjs 'kgj dh
yM+fd;k¡ nhokuh gksrha] rks D;k eSa rqEgkjh ek¡ ds gh
pDdj esa Q¡lrk----!ß os cksyrs vkSj jsorh dh vksj
duf[k;ksa ls ns[krs gq, eqLdjkus yxrsA
gkykafd jsorh çdk'k dh bu ckrksa ds ihNs
fNis nqykj dks [kwc le>rh Fkh] fQj Hkh og ,slk
trkrh ekuks mlus bu ckrksa dks cgqr xaHkhjrk ls
fy;k gksA ysfdu tc çdk'k c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
bruk lqudj pk¡nuh g¡l nsrh vkSj fQj
lewpk kj g¡lh esa ljkcksj gks tkrkA
ftu fnuksa çdk'k nk dk fØdsV vius
mQ+ku ij Fkk] çdk'k vkSj jsorh dk çse-çlax
'kgj esa ppkZ dk fo"k; gqvk djrk FkkA çdk'k nk
ds lkFk ds yksx crkrs gSa fd fdl rjg çdk'k nk
dk 'krd iwjk gksrs gh ,d fgEerh yM+dh
tkus dgk¡ ls dwn dj xzkmUM esa vk xbZ Fkh vkSj
mlus vko ns[kk Fkk uk rko] cl lh/ks tkdj
çdk'k nk ls fip ij gh fyiV xbZ FkhA fQj
yxh Fkh mUgsa pweus! çdk'k nk dks rks le> esa gh
ugha vk;k Fkk fd gqvk D;k! dqN rks ;g Hkh
dgrs gSa fd çdk'k nk us Hkh mls ckgksa esa Hkj
fy;k Fkk vkSj os Hkh mls pweus yxs FksA dqN rks
;g Hkh d;kl yxkrs gSa fd nksuksa ds chp iwoZ
ifjp; jgk gksxk] ugha rks ,slk dksbZ yM+dh D;ksa
djsxh Hkyk! ckr pw¡fd iqjkuh gks pqdh Fkh] blfy,
T;knkrj yksx crcumvy gh djrs FksA gkykafd
bl kVuk ds ckn og yM+dh 'kgj esa cnuke
cgqr gks xbZ Fkh] ysfdu cnukeh rks cnukeh rc
cuh jgrh ;fn çdk'k nk us lkFk u fn;k gksrk!
çdk'k nk us cnukeh dks çse dk :i ns fn;k vkSj
ml yM+dh dks C;kg dj kj ys vk, FksA nksuksa
dk ;g çse&çlax 'kgj esa lkyksa rd ppkZ dk
fo"k; cuk jgk FkkA
'kgj ds yksx vc rd çdk'k nk ds fØdsV
dks rks Hkwy x, Fks ysfdu çdk'k-jsorh ds bl
çse-çlax dks vHkh rd Hkwy ugha ik, FksA vHkh Hkh
tc çdk'k nk dh ppkZ pyrh rks yksx-ckx+
;g fo'ks"k.k yxkuk ugha Hkwyrs fd Þogh çdk'k
uk] ftlus fip ij ^yo* fd;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa
^yo eSfjt* Hkh!ß çdk'k dk ;g ^yo eSfjt* vkt
rd vius yo ds lkFk py jgk Fkk] ugha Hkh
pyrk gksrk rks Hkh] vius lekt esa ,slh gh ckrsa
T;knk ;kn j[kh tkrh gSaA çdk'k nk ds fØdsV
dh ppkZ djus dk vodk'k fdlds ikl Fkk!
yksxckx+ D;k] vc rks çdk'k nk Lo;a Hkh vius
fØdsV dks Hkwy pqds FksA 'kknh ds ckn kj-ifjokj
dh ftEesnkfj;ksa us bl dnj /kj-nckspk fd
çdk'k nk fØdsV [ksyuk D;k] ns[kuk Hkh Hkwy x,
FksA tc nky-jksVh dh leL;kvksa us xnZuh nckbZ]
fdlh nok daiuh esa esfMdy fjçtsUVsfVo cu
x,A muds lkFk i

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
'kgj esa LiksV~lZ Dyc uke dk ,d NksVk-lk
Dyc gqvk djrk FkkA çdk'k rks fcYdqy ugha
pkgrk Fkk] ysfdu csVs dks fØdsVj cukus dh jsorh
dh ftn~n ds vkxs mldh ,d uk pyrh FkhA tc
rd 'kjn dh çSfDVl pyrh] jsorh cSBh jgrh
eSnku esaA tc jsorh 'kjn dks le>krh fd fdl
rjg cYys ds ,safxy ij fu;a=.k j[kuk t:jh
gksrk gS rkfd xsan tehu ls yxrh gqbZ vkmV
QhYM ij rst+h ls tk,] u fd gok esa mBrh gqbZ]
rks ;g ns[kdj dksp 'kkafMY; Hkh eqX/k gks tk;k
djrk FkkA
dHkh-dHkh 'kkafMY; jsorh ls cksyrk] ÞHkkHkh]
çdk'k nk us vkidks iwjk fØdsVj cuk fn;k FkkAß
rc jsorh Bquddj cksyrh] Þvjs jgus nks]
jgus nks-------[ksyuk rks eSa igys ls gh tkurh FkhA
vHkh lfpu rsanqydj tSlk [ksyrs gSa] eSa rks mlh
le; buls vPNk [ksyrh FkhA çdk'k D;k Fks esjs
lkeus-----gekjs le; esa vxj vius lekt esa yM+fd;ksa
dks [ksyus-dwnus dh NwV gksrh rks ns[krs fd eSa
fdruh cM+h fØdsVj curh-----! pkgks rks vxyh usV
çSfDVl esa fn[kk nw¡ [ksydj-----Aß fQj g¡lus yxrhA
bl ij 'kkafMY; rkuk ekjrk] Þysfdu HkkHkh]
çdk'k nk ds usV esa rks tkdj vki gh Q¡lh Fkha]
çdk'k nk FkksM+s Q¡ls Fks!ß
Þvc rqe esjs gkFkksa cgqr ekj [kkvksxs 'kkafMY;
-----!ß jsorh I;kj Hkjh f>M+dh yxkrh vkSj nksuksa
g¡lus yxrsA
dksp 'kkafMY; tc ;g crkrk fd 'kjn esa
cgqr LikdZ gS rks jsorh Qwy dj tSls dqIik gks
tkrh vkSj cqu Mkyrh vius eu esa gt+kj-gt+kj
lius ,d lkFkA
Ldwy rd rks lc Bhd-Bkd pyrk jgk
ysfdu tSls-tSls 'kjn dh mez c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
T;ksa-T;ksa le; chrrk x;k jsorh dks ;g
le>rs nsj uk yxh fd fØdsV dk eSnku bruk
NksVk Hkh ugha gksrk gS ftruk og le>rh gSA mls
flQZ ckbZl xt dk fip gh QSyrk gqvk-lk fn[kus
yxk gks] ;g ckr ugha Fkh] cfYd fip ls ckmUMªh
ykbu rd dh nwjh Hkh tSls vuUr rd QSyrh tk
jgh-lh eglwl gksus yxh FkhA QSyko Hkh bruk fd
jsorh ds dne tSls mls uki ikus esa vleFkZ gksrsls
tk jgs gksaA tc 'kjn dh [ksy-çfrHkk vU;
fdLe dh fo'kkydk; fn[kus okyh çfrHkkvksa ds
le{k ckSuh fn[kus yxrh] rks jsorh mnkl gks tk;k
djrh FkhA 'kjn ds kwers cYys ls fudyus okys
'kkunkj 'kkWV~l mu vçR;{k 'kkWV~l ds lkeus Qhds
iM+ tkrs tks ckmUMªh ykbu ds ckgj [ksys tkrsA
jsorh dks bldk igyk vUnktk rks gseUr
VªkWQh esa gh gks pqdk Fkk tc LVsV twfu;j Vhe dk
p;u gks jgk Fkk vkSj ftys ls f[kykfM+;ksa ds ukeksa
dh lwph LVsV p;u lfefr ds lkeus Hksth tk jgh
FkhA irk ugha dgk¡ ls cgqr lkjh Nqih gqbZ çfrHkk,¡
mHkj dj lkeus vk xbZ Fkha tks brus fnuksa ls [ksy
ds eSnku ls nwj Fkha vkSj ftUgsa çSfDVl ds nkSjku Hkh
de gh ns[kk x;k Fkk! jsorh dks de tn~nkstgn
ugha djuh iM+h Fkh] tcfd 'kjn Lo;a ftys dh
Vhe dk dIrku FkkA gkykafd ;g NksVk ukyk rks
çdk'k nk dh iVjh ij p esa vk xbZ Fkh
fd vkxs rks cM+s-cM+s leUnj ckdh gSa ykakus dksA
çdk'k nk us Hkys gh [ksyuk NksM+ fn;k Fkk ysfdu
lkFk ds f[kykM+h lfefr;ksa ls tqM+s gq, FksA pw¡fd ;s
yksx mu fnuksa Hkh vPNs kj ds ykMys cPps Fks] vkSj
kj esa Hkh çdk'k ds kj dh rjg jksth-jksVh dh
dksbZ leL;k Fkh ugha] blfy, thou-Hkj fØdsV
gh [ksyrs jgs vkSj vc rks fØdsV ds vykok Hkh
cgqr dqN [ksyuk lh[k pqds FksA nwljh vksj] çdk'k
nk peM+s ds ml dRFkbZ jax ds cSx dks

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
iwjs VªSd fjdkMZ ds ckjs esa Hkh fdlh us mlls dqN
iwNk rd ugha FkkA pw¡fd dbZ ,sls ea=h Fks] cfYd
blesa Lo;a eq[;ea=h Fks] ftuds iq=ksa esa] fØdsVj
cuus dh vnE; vkdka{kk fgyksjsa ekj jgh FkhA
blhfy, p;u lfefr Hkh turkaf=d ns'k dh
turkaf=d Hkkoukvksa vkSj ewY;ksa dh dæ djuk gh
mfpr le>rh FkhA ,sls esa] 'kjn D;k] dbZ ,sls
'kjn gkf'k;s ij gh jg x, FksA ;g dksbZ ubZ ckr
ugha gksrh FkhA p;u lfefr ds v/;{k dk ;g
er Fkk fd ,d Lrj ij lHkh f[kykM+h ,d tSlk
gh [ksyrs gSa] mudk ;g ekuuk Fkk fd [ksy ds
vykok Hkh dbZ rjg dh çfrHkkvksa dh vko';drk
gksrh gS ftuesa 'kjn tSls f[kykM+h deT+kksj gksrs
gSaA blfy, mudk ;g fo'okl vVy Fkk fd Vhe
dks ,sls yksxksa dh cgqr vko';drk ugha gksrh
ftuds ikl [ksyus ds vykok] dqN vkSj fcYdqy
ugha gksrk gSA
ysfdu jsorh dc gkj ekuus okyh Fkh! jk"Vªh;
Vhe ds p;u ds le; jsorh us vius jkT; dh
jkt/kkuh ls ysdj fnYyh rd ,d dj fn;k FkkA
T;ksa-T;ksa og NksVs xzkmUM ls cM+s xzkmUM dh vksj
tkrh xbZ] mls fip dh yEckbZ vkSj cM+h gksrh
fn[krh x;hA cM+s xzkmUM esa rks vkSj Hkh cM+h-cM+h
vM+pusa FkhaA ogk¡ turkaf=d ewY;ksa dk [;ky rks
j[kk tkrk Fkk gh] lkeqnkf;d ewY;ksa ds lkFk-lkFk
lekt-'kkL= dk Hkh [+kklk /;ku j[kk tkrk FkkA
dgha-dgha rks vFkZ'kkL= Hkh vkM+s vk tkrk FkkA
vc ,d esfMdy fjçt+sUVsfVo dk csVk cM+s-cM+s
lkekftd lehdj.kksa vkSj vFkZ'kkfL=;ksa ds eqdkcys
dgk¡ rd fVd ikrk!
jsorh tc-tc bu cM+s-cM+s ewY;ksa ls Vdjkrh]
kcjkdj nks dne ihNs gV tkrhA jsorh tc 'kjn
ds fjdkMZ vkSj mldh iwoZ dh miyfC/k;ksa dk
gokyk nsrh rks p;u lfefr ds vkyk vf/kdkfj;ksa
ls tokc feyrk] Þnsf[k, jsorh th] vki tks dg
jgh gSa og ckr viuh txg fcYdqy Bhd gS]
ysfdu gesa bldk Hkh [;ky j[kuk iM+rk gS fd
Vhe esa gj leqnk; dk fjçts+UVs'ku gksA vc
vkf[kj gekjk ns'k fofo/krk esa ,drk okyk gSAß
bl ckr ij jsorh rdZ djrh vkSj cksyrh]
Þ[ksy T;knk egRoiw.kZ gS fd fjçts+UVs'ku\ esjs cPps
dk [ksy nsf[k,] fQj fu.kZ; yhft,!ß ysfdu mldh
lqurk dkSu Fkk!
ÞeSa ;g dgk¡ dg jgk gw¡ fd vkidk
cPpk [kjkc [ksyrk gSA lHkh cPps] cPps gh gSa vkSj
lHkh vPNk [ksyrs gSaA ge ,d Vhe cukrs gSa-----,d
Vhe-----vkSj blesa gesa turkaf=d ewY;ksa dk iwjk
/;ku j[kuk iM+rk gSA blesa jktuSfrd çfrc)rkvksa
dk Hkh [;ky djuk iM+rk gS] vki bu lkjh ckrksa
dks rks le>rh ugha] cl ges'kk viuk gh xhr
xkrh jgrh gSaA vjs HkkbZ] ge lc dks iwjs ns'k dks
lkFk ysdj pyuk iM+rk gSAß
bl ckr ij jsorh dq

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
pkfg,A vxj vkidk cPpk vPNk [ksyrk gS] rks
vkt ugha rks dy og Vhe esa ys gh fy;k tk,xk]
vkidks bUrtkj djuk pkfg,Aß m/kj ls Vdk&lk
tokc fey tkrkA
,sls esa jsorh viuk vafre nk¡o [ksyrs
gq, ,d ckj fQj viuk nkok Bksadrh vkSj cksyrh]
Þlj-----rks D;k fjçtsUVs'ku dsoy leqnk; dk gh
gksrk gS ;k fQj LVsV dk Hkh gksuk pkfg,! gekjs
LVsV ls rks flQZ esjk csVk gh ^esu Ýse* esa gSA D;k
vkids cksMZ dks bl ckr dk [;ky ugha j[kuk
pkfg,\ ;g Hkh rks turkaf=d ckr gh gqbZ!ß
Þnsf[k, jsorh th] vc eq>ls cgl djus ls
dksbZ Qk;nk rks gS ugha! vkidh ckr esa IokWbUV
rks gS ysfdu bl fo"k; ij vHkh rd dksbZ fu.kZ;
ugha gqvk gS fd Vhe esa lHkh jkT;ksa dks Hkh cjkcj
dk fjçtsUVs'ku fn;k tk,A vkidks Åij ds
yksxksa ls ckr djuh pkfg,Aß bruk cksydj og
O;fDr dUuh dkV tkrk vkSj pijklh dks kaVh
ctkdj cqykdj ckgj bUrtkj dj jgs fdlh
vU; dks vUnj Hkstus dks dgrs gq, ;g b'kkjk
djrk fd jsorh dks ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk fn;k
tk,A
'kjn ds cYys ls fudys pkSdksa vkSj NDdksa
ds ewY; jsorh dks ewY;ghu gh fn[k jgs gksrs FksA
LiksV~lZ Dyc dh n'kZd-nhkkZ esa xw¡trh rkfy;k¡
vkSj mlds NksVs 'kgj ds n'kZdksa dh okg-okgh dh
xw¡t] cM+s*cM+s 'kgjksa ds dksykgy esa tSls nc dj jg
tkrh FkhA
'kjn tc grk'k gksrk rks nknk th mldh
bl grk'kk dks ;g dgdj vkSj c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
mldk lkFk nsrk! çdk'k us rks igys gh gkj eku
yh FkhA 'kk;n çdk'k dks bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk
iwoZKku FkkA
ysfdu ,d yEcs lak"kZ ds ckn vkf[+kjdkj
jsorh dk lak"kZ jax yk;k vkSj mls igyh lQyrk
rc feyh tc vxys o"kZ gksus okys vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj
ds ^vaMj&V~osUVh* eSp esa [ksyus ds fy, 'kjn dk
p;u gks x;kA 'kjn ds thou dk ;g lcls
egRoiw.kZ ekSdk FkkA gkykafd 'kjn dh çfrHkk fnuc-fnu
fu[kjrh tk jgh Fkh] ysfdu 'kk;n çfrHkk,¡
,d [kkl fcUnq ij vkdj viuk fo'ks"k çHkko
fn[kkuk cUn dj nsrh gSaA mlds ckn vU; rkdrsa
;g r; djuk 'kq: dj nsrh gSa fd dkSu&lh
çfrHkk vkxs ds jkLrs r; djsxh ;k fQj ugha
djsxhA 'kk;n O;fDr dh lkekftd gSfl;r vkSj
mldh çfrHkk ds çHkko esa lekuqikrh laca/k gksrk
gSA tkfgj gS fd bu lehdj.kksa dks larqfyr djus
esa 'kjn tSls yksx l{ke fl) ugha gks ikrs FksA gks
ldrk gS fd blh dkj.k mldh çfrHkk bl ckj
Hkh og çHkko iSnk ugha dj ikbZ gksA ml fu;r
vUrjjk"Vªh; eSp dh iwoZ-la/;k ij gh p;u lfefr
ds lnL;ksa] Vhe ds dIrku vkSj fØdsV çca/ku ds
yksxksa us ,d xqIr cSBd dh vkSj ml cSBd esa ;g
fu.kZ; ys fy;k x;k fd bl eSp esa 'kjn ds LFkku
ij mHkjrh gqbZ ,d cM+h çfrHkk dks [ksyus dk
ekSdk fn;k tkuk pkfg,A
bl rjg var esa] 'kjn ds fgLls iSosfy;u esa
cSBuk gh ulhc gks ik;k FkkA gj ckj rks ;gh gksrk
FkkA lc dqN r; gks tkrk] ysfdu vafre le; esa
dksbZ cM+s çHkko dh çfrHkk mHkj dj lkeus vk
tkrh vkSj 'kjn dks

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ysfdu mldk jax-:i jsfM;ks tSlk FkkA lkeus dh
est ij dbZ eksckby Qksu iM+s gq, FksA rhu-rhu
ySiVkWi vkSj blh rjg ds dbZ-dbZ bysDVªkWfud
midj.k fc[kjs iM+s FksA lkeus dh nhokj ij cM+s
ls ,y-lh-Mh- VsyhfoT+ku-LØhu ij eSp vius 'kckc
ij FkkA 'kjn dh uT+kjsa LØhu ij gh FkhaA dHkh eSp
ns[krk rks dHkh eksckby ij ckrsa djrkA fQj fy[kus
yxrk vius jftLVj esa dqNA dHkh-dHkh rks lkeus
j[kh LysV ij Hkh pkWd ls dqN-dqN fy[k MkyrkA
mldk gkWV ykbu eksckby] ftls cqfd;ksa dh Hkk"kk
esa ^,Ddk* dgrs Fks] mlds nkfgus gkFk dh maxfy;ksa
esa nck gqvk FkkA ^,Ddk* ,d ,slk eksckby gksrk Fkk
ftldk lEidZ lh/ks eq[; cqdh ls tqM+k gksrk FkkA
;g eq[; cqdh çk;% fdlh nwljs 'kgj ;k fdlh
nwljs ns'k esa cSBk gksrk FkkA ^,Dds* ls ,d gh uEcj
ij dkWy fd;k tk ldrk FkkA bl ij dkWy Hkh
fdlh [kkl uEcj ls gh vk ldrk FkkA ;g
eksckby cM+s cqfd;ksa ds vius ,tsUVksa ds ikl gh
gksrk FkkA ^,Dds* ij gksus okyh ckrphr Hkh vke
vkneh dh le> ls ijs gh gksrh FkhaA ckrsa dwV-Hkk"kk
esa gksrh FkhaA gkykafd cqfd;ksa dh Hkk"kk vkSj 'kCnkoyh
fofo/k ns'k vkSj lekt esa fHkUu-fHkUu gksrh Fkh]
rFkkfi cqfd;ksa ds b'kkjs gj lekt esa yxHkx ,d
tSls gh gksrs FksA [ksy ds eSnku esa f[kykfM+;ksa dks
rRdky dksbZ lans'k igq¡pkuk gks rks lkbV-LØhu ds
ikl tkdj fofo/k jax dh tlhZ dks fgykus dk
vke pyu FkkA fofo/k jaxksa dh tflZ;ksa dk mi;ksx
dwV-Hkk"kk dh rjg fd;k tkrk FkkA
'kjn dk ,Ddk ^fku-fku* dj mBk FkkA
,Dds ls vkokt vkbZ] ÞykLV ls'ku ys yks----ß
ÞQkbu lj---------ß] 'kjn dh vkokt esa ujeh FkhA
ßOgsvj vkj ;kWj C;kW;T+k-----\ß
Þns gSo vkWyjsMh Mu nsvj tkWc lj--------ß]
'kjn us fcuk fdlh fo'ks"k mRlkg ds dgk FkkA
ßxqM-----muls dgks LVsfM;e ls ckgj fudy
vk,¡-----,UM ukm] psUt n QsofjV---------]ß ;g
vkRefo'okl ls Hkjk gqvk vkns'kkRed Loj FkkA
ß;l lj---------Aß ,slk yxk mlus dksbZ QkSth
^vkns'k* fy;k gksA
vc rks tSls ^fMCcs* vkSj ikl iM+s eksckbyksa esa
tku vk xbZ FkhA eksckby Hkh ,sls ctus yxs Fks tSls
,d fl;kj ds cksyus ij ntZuksa fl;kj ,d lkFk
cksyus yxrs gSaA dHkh ,d mBkrk rks dHkh nwljkA
ÞQsofjV psaTM*] QsofjV pk¡n&rkjk---------QsofjV
psaTM] QsofjV pk¡n&rkjkß] pkjksa rjQ ls vkokt
xw¡tus yxh FkhaA
b/kj desUVsVj dh vkokt esa vc og tks'k
ugha jg x;k Fkk tks [ksy dh 'kq:vkr esa ns[kus dks
fey jgk FkkA tks'k us la;e dk :i /kj fy;k FkkA
ß-----tksf[ke mBkus dk le; ugha gS vHkh----
la;e fn[kkus dh T+k:jr Hkkjrh; Vhe dks-----dgrs
gSa fd ncko esa fØdsV vkSj fu[kj tkrk gS-----vHkh
njdkj mlh fu[kkj dh-------cYysckt dks iwjs /kS;Z
128

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ds lkFk [ksyuk gksxk---------QhYM dh ltkoV esa
FkksM+k ifjorZu fd;k x;k gS---------vxyh xsan] ck;sa
gkFk ls jkmUM n fodsV--------------vkSj ;s vkmV------!ß
desUVsVj tSls ph[k iM+k FkkA desaVsVj dh ph[krh
vkokT+k ij lc dh fuxkgsa f[kapdj VsyhfoT+ku
LØhu ij fpid x;h FkhaA
og vHkh cksy gh jgk Fkk] Þ----xsan bufLoax
gksdj vanj dh vksj vkbZ Fkh] le> ugha ik,
cYysckt] iwjh rjg ls pdek [kk x,------[ksyuk
pkgrs Fks doj dh vksj] chV gq, vkSj xsan cYys
dk Hkhrjh fdukjk ysrh gqbZ lh/ks feMy LVai ys
mM+h-------Hkkjr ds fy, ;g cgqr cM+k >Vdk------bl
rjg NBs fodsV dk iru-----,d yEch ikjh [ksyus
dh mEehn cu xbZ Fkh n'kZdksa dks muls vkSj
,dckj rks ,slk yxk Hkh Fkk fd os e>/kkj esa Q¡lh
viuh Vhe dks 'kk;n ckgj fudky ys tk,¡xs-------
'kq: ls tes gq, Fks-----ipkuos ds vius Ldksj ij
vkmV gksdj iSosfy;u dh vksj tk jgs gSa------iwjk
LVsfM;e LrC/k-----pkjksa rjQ ek;wlh dk vkye------
Hkkjr dh ikjh iwjh rjg ls yM+[kM+krh gqbZ---------
ysfdu dgrs gSa fd fØdsV vfuf'prrkvksa dk [ksy
gksrk gS vkSj peRdkj dh xaqtkb'k gj iy cuh
jgrh gS-----gkykafd n'kZdksa esa ek;wlh ysfdu vkf[kjh
le; esa fdlh peRdkj ds kfVr gks tkus dh
vk'kk Hkh---------ß] og ,sls cksy jgk Fkk] ekuks dHkh
Fkdrk gh uk gksA
iwjs LVsfM;e esa tSls lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA
LVsfM;e dk lUukVk fleV dj pk¡nuh ds psgjs ij
Hkh vk x;k FkkA
ÞgkFk D;ksa jksd fy;k----\ß çdk'k us ihNs dh
vksj gkFk djds pk¡nuh dks fgykrs gq, iwNkA fQj
[kqn cksyk] Þrsth ls ju cusaxs rks fodsV Hkh mlh rsth
ls fxjsaxs] blesa gSjku gksus okyh dksbZ ckr ugha gS-----
vkSj [ksy gS] gkj&thr rks gksrh gh jgrh gS------!ß
jsorh Hkh nkSM+dj VsyhfoT+ku ds LØhu ds
vkxs [kM+h gks x;h FkhA lHkh tSls Bxs ls fn[kus
yxs FksA jsorh dqN Hkh ns[k ldrh Fkh ysfdu
Hkkjr dks ikfdLrku ds gkFkksa ijkftr gksrs ugha
ns[k ldrh FkhA og rks tSls lqUu-lh iM+ x;h
Fkh! fQj FkksM+h yM+[kM+k;h vkSj vpkud fxj iM+h
/kEe ls tehu ijA 'kk;n csgks'k gks x;h FkhA flj
ls [kwu Hkh cgus yxk FkkA vpkud iwjs kj esa
vQ+jk-rQ+jh ep x;hA pk¡nuh Hkkx dj ikuh ykus
nkSM+h] çdk'k Hkh jsorh dks ckgksa esa Hkjdj tSls
le>us dh dksf'k'k djus yxk Fkk fd gqvk D;k!
lquhy us QkSju 'kjn dks mlds ilZuy eksckby
ij lwpuk nhA
iaVjksa ds [kses esa Hkh lUukVk Nk x;k FkkA
gkykafd lHkh iaVj vius-vius eksckby ls fpids
iM+s Fks ysfdu /kheh-/kheh vkokt esaA lHkh e'kojk
ysus-nsus esa yxs Fks vkSj ,d-nwljs dks fnyklk Hkh
nsrs tk jgs FksA
,d cksy jgk Fkk] Þckyh] rwus dkV fn;k ;k
terk gS vHkh-----\ß
nwljh rjQ dh vkokT+k esa fuf'aprrk Fkh]
Þugha ;kj] eSaus rks blds fxjus ls igys gh dkV
129

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fn;k Fkk] tc frjaxk QsofjV tk jgk Fkk] vc rks
pk¡n-rkjk gks x;k gS-----!ß
dgkA
ßvki ydh gks HkkbZß] mlus eu elksldj
ÞeSaus rks yEcs ij Hkh iksj [kk;k gS vkt] tc
yEck nks lkB dk py jgk Fkk-----ß] mlus bruk
dgdj mldh cspSuh esa vkSj bT+kkQk dj fn;k FkkA
ÞHkkbZ] eq>s Hkh b'kkjk dj nsrs rks------ß] mlus
elkslrh gqbZ vkokT+k esa dgkA
ÞvHkh rks rw Qksu dj jgk gS-----crkrk dc!
cksyrk gw¡ fd esjs lkFk cSBk dj] rks irk ugha
fdl-fdl ds chp kqlk iM+k jgrk gS-----!ß mlus
,d vkf/kdkfjd f>M+dh lquk nh] ysfdu fQj cksy
iM+k] Þysfdu ;kj] lqUnj rks dg jgk Fkk fd rwus
MkWV ckWy ij Hkh iksj [kk, gSa\ vPNk gS] LçsM esa
Mkyus dk eT+kk gh dqN vkSj gS ;kj] vkSj eSa rks
;g ekurk gw¡ fd vly eT+kk rks LçsM csfVax esa
gh gS!ß
Þgk¡ HkkbZ] ysfdu esjk csV cgqr NksVk FkkA
tSls gh vkWM~l ,ukmUl gqvk Fkk] eSaus rqjUr Mky
fn;k Fkk-------ysfdu lc csdkj gks x;k HkkbZA [kSj
NksM+ks] vki vc eq>s crkvks fd eSa D;k d:¡] dkV
nw¡\ vc rks dksbZ mEehn cph gqbZ fn[k ugha jgh
gS-----cM+k uqdlku gks x;k HkkbZ] eSaus rks ,slh mEehn
gh ugha dh Fkh] fd llqjs bl gkyr esa vk tk,¡xs!ß
mldh vkokT+k esa fujk'kk lkQ >yd jgh FkhA
ÞdkV ns----dkV ns------]ß og cksy iM+k] ysfdu
rRdky gh ,d xgjh lkal NksM+rs gq, cksyk] Þysfdu
vc cgqr Qk;nk ugha gS ;kj-----QsofjV psUt gks
x;k gSß] fQj FkksM+k Fkek vkSj cksyk] Þpy dksbZ
ugha] dqN rks fey gh tk,xk ;kj] dkV ns-----!ß bl
ckj mldh vkokT+k esa FkksM+h lgkuqHkwfr FkhA
blh lgkuqHkwfr esa og vkSj Hkh cgqr dqN
cksyrk tk jgk FkkA ysfdu igys iaVj us Qksu can
dj fn;k vkSj lqLr dneksa ls ckgj fudy vk;k FkkA
'kjn vLirky dh f[kM+dh ls uhps dh vksj
ns[k jgk FkkA f[kM+dh ls uhps

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
jpwaxk dky ds iUuksa ij dfork
& c`ts'k dqekj R;kxh
'kCn pqd x;s
fopkjksa dh /kkj Hkh
vc dqan iM+us yxh gS
Fkd xbZ gS ys[kuh Hkh
vc fy[krs-fy[krs
jhr xbZ gS bldh L;kgh
lQs Hkh vc y+tksa dk
cks>

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fgeky; dh xksn esa
& eukst dqekj
ukFkZ-bZLV ,Dlçsl
viuh xfr ls Hkkxh pyh
tk jgh Fkh vkSj eq>s kj ls
nwj-cgqr nwj fdlh vutku
yksd dh vksj ys tk jgh
FkhA eu dqN mnkl Hkh FkkA
eSa igyh ckj vdsyk kj ls fudyk FkkA U;w
tyikbZxqM+h vkrs-vkrs Vªsu ds nksuksa vksj vukukl
dh [ksrh vkSj pk; ckxku ns[ks tk ldrs gSaA ;gka
ls VkW; Vªsu dh lokjh dk vkuUn ysrs gq, nkftZfyax
igqapk tk ldrk gSA ijUrq eq>s HkwVku tkuk FkkA
eSaus HkwVku cl LVSaM ls QqU'kfyax ds fy,
cl idM+hA QqU'kfyax if'peh caxky dh lhek ls
lVk gqvk ,d dLck gS tgka ls HkwVku dh lhek
vkjaHk gksrh gSA HkwVku ds lHkh ços'k LFkkuksa ij
bafM;k gkml fLFkr gSa tgka ls HkwVku esa ços'k ds
fy, vuqefr çkIr dh tk ldrh gSA
HkwVku fgeky; dh xksn esa clk cgqr gh
[kwclwjr igkM+h ns'k gSA HkwVku ds nf{k.k esa Hkkjr
dh lhek vkSj mÙkj esa phu dh lhek gSA HkwVku
nqfu;k ds ,sls ns'kksa esa ls ,d gS tks Lo;a dks 'ks"k
fo'o ls vyx-Fkyx j[ks gq, gSaA vkt Hkh] ;gka
dkQ+h gn rd fonsf'k;ksa dk ços'k dkQ+h dqN
fu;af=r gSA bl ns'k dh T;knkrj vkcknh NksVs
xkaoksa esa jgrh gS vkSj Ñf"k ij fuHkZj gSA 'kgjhdj.k
/khjs-/khjs vius ikao tek jgk gSA
HkwVku vkus ls igys eSa lkspk djrk Fkk fd
D;k nqfu;k esa vc Hkh ,slk dksbZ ns'k gS tgka fdlh
jktk dk jkt gksA ijUrq ;g ugha lkspk Fkk fd ml
ns'k esa eSa tkÅaxk Hkh vkSj ogka dke Hkh d:axk rFkk
jktk ls feyawxk HkhA rc HkwVku ujs'k ftXes flaks
okaXpqd~ FksA vc muds iq= ftXes [kslj ukeX;sy
HkwVku ujs'k gSaA
QqU'kfyax ls feuh cl esa lokj gksdj eSa
HkwVku dh jkt/kkuh fFkEQw dh vksj tk jgk FkkA
ioZrksa ds kqekonkj jkLrksa ds nksuksa vksj phM+ vkSj
nsonkj ds yacs-yacs o`{kksa ls çÑfr dh euksje
NVk fc[kjh gqbZ FkhA pkjksa rjQ gfj;kyh-ghgfj;kyh
FkhA 'kgj ds dksykgy vkSj çnw"k.k ls
nwj ;g cgqr lq[kn vuqHko FkkA ,d ckr tks fny
dks Nw xbZ og ;g Fkh fd tc Hkh foijhr fn'kk
ls fdlh xkM+h ds vkus dk gkuZ lqukbZ nsrk] rks
nwljh xkM+h okys vkjke ls xkM+h jksddj ,d
fdukjs gks tkrs vkSj ml xkM+h ds xqT+kj tkus ij
gh pyrsA ;g 'kkyhurk ns[kdj eSnkuksa esa T+kcjnLrh
vksojVsd djrh gqbZ xkfM+;ksa dh Le`fr vuk;kl
gh efLr"d esa mHkj vkbZA ekxZ esa pq[kk iufctyh
ifj;kstuk Hkh ns[kh] tks Hkkjr dh gh lgk;rk ls
rS;kj dh xbZ gS vkSj vkt Hkkjr bl ifj;kstuk
ls fctyh [kjhnrk Hkh gSA okLro esa HkwVku dh
vf/kdrj ifj;kstuk,a vkSj dkjksckj Hkkjr dh
lgk;rk ls gh pyrk gSA
132

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
;gka ds yksxksa dks jk"Vªh; ifj/kku lafgrk
^fMªXyke uke>k* dk vuqikyu djuk gksrk gSA
HkwVku ds yksx eaxksfy;u tkfr ds gSaA T+kksa[kk ;gka
dh jk"Vª Hkk"kk gS] tks laLÑr dh rjg gh ,d
çkphu Hkk"kk gSA iq#"k ;gka ^Xgks* igurs gSa] tks ,d
çdkj ds xkmu dh rjg gksrk gS ftlesa dej ij
dejcan cka/kk tkrk gSA iq#"k viuh dej esa dVkj
[kksaldj j[krs gSaA ;gka efgyk,a ^dhjk* igurh gSa]
tks tkikuh fL=;ksa dh os'kHkw"kk ls feyrk tqyrk
gSA ;g budk jk"Vªh; ifj/kku gS ftls igus fcuk
kj ls fudyuk buds fy, oftZr gSA gka] Hkkjrh;ksa
dks blls NwV çkIr gSA
fFkEQw esa dkUVªsDV lkbu djus ds ckn eq>s
okejkSax tkuk Fkk tks HkwVku ds iwohZ Hkkx esa iM+rk
gSA ogka tkus ls iwoZ esjs ikl ,d fnu dk le;
Fkk ftlesa eSa fFkEQw kwe ldrk FkkA 'kkgh egy dks
Hkhrj ls rks u ns[k ldk] ysfdu ckgj ls Hkh
mldh okLrqdyk ns[krs gh curh gSA egy ds
ikl ^fFkEQw pw* dy-dy djrh cg jgh FkhA HkwVku
esa ^pw* unh dks dgrs gSaA
HkwVku esa ckS) /keZ ds vuq;k;h gSaA çR;sd
fT+kys ;k kkVh esa Åaph-Åaph nhokjksa okyk fdyk
gksrk gS ftls tksax dgrs gSaA ;g /kkfeZd vkSj
ç'kklfud dsUæ dk dk;Z djrk gSA ^çs;j ySx*
ftu ij ca/ks diM+s ij ckS) çkFkZuk fy[kh jgrh gS]
gj txg ygjkrs gq, fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA ^çs;j Oghy*
kqekrs gq, ckS) vkidks gj LFkku ij fn[kkbZ ns
tkrs gSaA /keZ budh thou 'kSyh esa kqyk-feyk
gqvk gS vkSj blesa budh xgjh vkLFkk gSA
eq>s dk;Zxzg.k djus ds fy, HkwVku ds iwohZ
Hkkx esa tkuk FkkA fFkEQw ls eSa nksckjk QqU'kfyax
vk;k vkSj ,d ckj fQj Hkkjr ds eSnkuh Hkkx ls
gksrs gq, lkEæwitksa[kkj igqap x;kA HkwVku ds bl
iwohZ }kj ls fQj Åij dh vksj ps okejkSax ds fy, cl idM+uh FkhA eq>s
crk;k x;k fd ;gka nks gh clsa pyrh gSaA QLVZ
cl vkSj lSdsaM clA eSnkuksa dh rjg ugha fd ,d
NwV xbZ] rks nwljh idM+ yksA
cl tSls-tSls p

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
çÑfr us HkwVku dks 'kq) vkcksgok c['kh gSA
çnw"k.k ds T+kgj ls ;g ns'k dkslksa nwj gSA vius nks
o"kks± ds dk;Zdky ds nkSjku eq>s ogka dgha Hkh ia[kk]
dwyj ;k , lh pyrs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha fn;sA fÝT+k
rks ogka fdlh us ns[kk gh ugha gSA ckjg eghus ge
jtkbZ ysdj lks;k djrs FksA eD[kh vkSj ePNj ogka
iuirs gh ugha FksA HkwVku ds yksx Hkh cgqr ljy
vkSj lh/ks LoHkko ds gSaA Hkkjrh;ksa dk rks os cgqr
lEeku djrs gSaA
'kke dks tc ge lHkh Hkkjrh; fe= vius
DokVZj ds vkaxu esa cSB dj xi'ki dj jgs gksrs Fks]
rks Bhd ikap cts ckny lkeus ls rSjrs gq, vkrs
fn[kkbZ nsrs Fks vkSj >ek>e ckfj'k gksus yxrh FkhA
çfrfnu ;gh dk;ZØe pyrk FkkA ,slk çrhr gksrk
Fkk tSls bldk le; fuf'pr gksA HkwVku ds bl
Hkkx esa Ng eghus [kwc cjlkr gksrh gSA ijarq ;gka
dgha Hkh ikuh [kM+k ugha gksrk gSA tc /kwi fudyrh
gS] rks lc dqN /kqyk gqvk lkQ-LoPN fn[kkbZ nsrk
gSA kukksj o"kkZ ij iy jgs HkwVku ds kus taxyksa
esa vusd jax ds cq:a'k ds Qwy ¼jksMksMsUMªu½ ik,
tkrs gSaA ckk] ik.Mk vkSj vU; oU; thoksa dh
vusd çtkfr;ka HkwVku ds taxyksa esa ikbZ tkrh gSA
pkanuh jkr esa igkfM+;ka ,slh çrhr gksrh gSa ekuks
fdlh fp=dkj us viuh dYiuk dks /kjrh ij
mrkj fn;k gksA eu djrk gS fd ,d ckj iqu%
HkwVku tkÅa vkSj ogka fcrk;s lq[kn le; dh
Le`fr;ksa dks ,d ckj fQj thÅaA
μ fdlh dh d#.kk o ihM+k dks ns[k dj ekse dh rjg n;kæZ gks fikyusokyk
ân; rks j[kks ijarq foifÙk dh vkap vkus ij d"Vksa&çfrdwyrkvksa ds FkisM+s
[kkrs jgus dh fLFkfr esa pV~Vku dh rjg n`

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
cnyrs nkSj esa fnYyh
& Ñ".k dqekj Hkkj}kt
vkt Hkkjr dh le`)
fojklr dh >yd ikus ds
fy, ns'k dh jkt/kkuh fnYyh
,d njoktk gSA dgk tkrk
gS fd bl uxj dk uke
fnYyh Hkh Qkjlh 'kCnksa
^ngyh* ;k ^ngyht* ls cuk gS] tks Hkkjrh;
miegk}hi esa ços'k ds fy, bl 'kgj dh fLFkfr
dh vksj Hkh ladsr djrk gSA
gqvkA vkT+kknh ds ckn ^50 vkSj ^60 ds n'kdksa esa
Hkkjr ljdkj ds v/khu ukSdj'kkgh ra= dk fodkl
cgqr rsth ls gqvkA ;gka ukSdj'kkgh ra= esa dk;Z
djus okys vf/kdkjh@deZpkjh oxZ ds fy, fo'kky
vkoklh; dkyksfu;k¡ cukbZ xb±A fnYyh dks eq[;
:i ls ljdkjh uxj ds :i esa tkuk tkrk gSA
eq[; :i ls O;kikj dh ns[kHkky ds fy,
lu~ 1803 esa fnYyh esa ,d LFkk;h fczfV'k jsT+khMsaV
rSukr fd;k x;kA 'kq: ds n'kdksa esa O;kikj vkSj
daiuh jkt pkjnhokjh ls fkjs 'kkgtgkaukckn esa
pyk;k tkrk FkkA vkt 'kkgtgkaukckn dk ,dek=
fgLlk iqjkuh fnYyh esa cpk gSA
tc yqfV;Ul dh fnYyh rS;kj gqbZ vkSj
blds dk;kZy;ksa esa dk;Z laHkky fy;k x;k] rc
lu~ 1931 esa ubZ fnYyh dk vkSipkfjd mn~kkVu
izfr o"kZ 26 tuojh dks x.krU= fnol ijsM
esa fnYyh esa ns'k dh 'kfDr dk çn'kZu fd;k tkrk
gSA ijsM dh lykeh Hkkjr ds egkefge jk"Vªifr
}kjk yh tkrh gSA çfr o"kZ 15 vxLr dks LorU=rk
fnol dh iwoZ la/;k ij egkefge jk"Vªifr jk"Vª ds
135

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
uke lUns'k nsrs gSa rFkk ç/kku ea=h yky fdys dh
çkphj ls ns'k dks lEcksf/kr djrs gSaA og bl
volj ij ns'k dh miyfC/k;ksa rFkk Hkkoh ;kstukvksa
dk mYys[k djrs gSaA
lu~ 1911 esa fczfV'k ljdkj us vkSifuosf'kd
lkezkT; dks pykus ds fy, fnYyh dks Hkkjr dh
ubZ jkt/kkuh pqukA o"kZ 2011 esa fnYyh dh 100oha
o"kZxk¡B dk vk;kstu fofHkUu LFkyksa ij fd;k tk
jgk gSA 10oha 'krkCnh ls fnYyh ,d çeq[k jktuhfrd
dsaæ jgh gSA de-ls-de ukS ckj cuh jkt/kkfu;ksa
dh uxjh gS fnYyhA bldh fo'kky laink us bls
bfrgkl esa çk;% ywV vkSj thr dk y{; cuk;k gSA
dbZ n'kdksa rd fnYyh vaxzstksa ds lkezkT; dk dsaæ
cuh jghA vr%] ;gk¡ ns'k Hkj ls çokfl;ksa dk
vkxeu tkjh gSA fnYyh okLro esa lkaLÑfrd
lekesyu dk dsaæ gSA çk;% fnYyh dks iwoZ dk jkse
dgk tkrk gS D;ksafd ;g fiNys yxHkx 1000 o"kks±
ls yxkrkj clh gqbZ gS vkSj og Hkh vf/kdrj
jkt/kkuh uxj ds :i esaA fnYyh dbZ nk'kZfud
ijaijkvksa] dykvksa vkSj QS'ku dh uoksRifÙk dh
lk{kh jgh gSA Kku dk ;g fo[;kr dsaæ le; ds
lkFk-lkFk dyk] jaxeap vkSj lkfgfR;d fo/kkvksa
}kjk cqf)thfo;ksa dk 'kgj cu x;k gSA bl ^fnYyh*
uke ds thrs-tkxrs vtwcs dh cgqr lh eksgd vkSj
nSuafnu ijrsa gSa tks bl 'kgj dh fT+knaxh esa vkt
gekjs gkFk esa gkFk Mkys lkFk gh pyrh gSaA
vk/kqfud fnYyh ns'k dh jktuhfrd /kqjh
gS tgk¡ ij vkT+kknh ds ckn ls dsUæh; ljdkj
laoS/kkfud rjhds ls yksdrU= dks çcy cukus esa
dk;Zjr gS] ogha ns'k ds ukxfjd Hkh viuh LorU=rk
ds vf/kdkj dk ç;ksx djrs gq, fofHkUu eqíksa ij
fnYyh esa çn'kZu] vu'ku vkSj vkUnksyu djrs jgs
gSaA gky gh esa ckck jkenso vkSj vUuk gtkjs tSls
136

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
lektlsodksa us vius lkFk
yk[kksa dh rknkn esa ns'k
dh turk dks tksM+dj
Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ
vkokT+k cqyUn dhA blesa
ns'k ds ;qok oxZ us
lfØ; Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA
fnYyh lkekftd]
vkfFkZd] lkaLÑfrd vkSj
vUrjkZ"Vªh; [ksy vk;kstuksa
dk dsUæ Hkh gSA lu~ 1982 esa gq, ,f'k;kbZ [ksy] lu~
2010 esa gq, dkWeuosYFk xsEl rFkk vUrjkZ"Vªh; Lrj
ds fØdsV eSpksa dk fnYyh esa lQy vk;kstu
fnYyh dh egÙkk dks n'kkZrk gSA
fn;k gSA ^esVªks* fnYyh ds gj dksus dks vkil esa
tksM+us ds vykok] fnYyh dh rsT+k jrkj fT+kUnxh
dks lqUnj vkSj lqjf{kr cuk jgh gSA
vius i;kZoj.k ds çfr xaHkhj fparkvksa ds
lkFk-lkFk fodkl laca/kh dbZ ifjorZuksa] Hkh"k.k xjhch
vkSj xanxh ds lkFk 'kku-'kkSdr vkSj oSHko tSlh
vusd tfVyrkvksa dk uxj gS fnYyhA fnYyh dks
i;kZoj.k ds vuqdwy cukus dh igy djrs gq, ;gk¡
lh-,u-th- ;qDr okgu pyk;s x;s gSaA ^esVªks* jsy ds
foLr`r usVodZ us vkt fnYyh dk Lo:i gh cny
fnYyh esa Kku-foKku ,oa rduhdh f'k{kk
çnku djus ds fy, fnYyh fo'ofo|ky; ds vusd
dkWyst gSa ftuesa ns'k-fons'k ds Nk= xq.kkRed
f'k{kk çkIr dj vius-vki dks xkSjokfUor eglwl
djrs gSaA ns'k dk loksZPp U;k;ky; ,oa fnYyh dk
mPp U;k;ky; Hkh fnYyh dh 'kku gSaA fnYyh esa
vkt mPp Lrj dh fpfdRlk lqfo/kk,a miyC/k gSaA
budk ykHk ns'kokfl;ksa ds lkFk-lkFk fons'kh Hkh
ysrs gSaA
137

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fnYyh esa vusd ,sls i;ZVu LFky gSa tgk¡
ns'k-fons'k ls lSykuh vkrs gSa & tSls&iqjkuk fdyk]
jktkkV] bafM;k xsV] yksVl VSEiy vkfnA vkt
fnYyh dks rhu fo'ofo[;kr /kjksgj laink,a ¼oYMZ
gSfjVst lkbV~l½ gksus dk xkSjo çkIr gS & dqrqc
ehukj] gqek;wa dk edcjk vkSj
yky fdykA vkt ds le; esa]
fnYyh Hkkjr ds vU; esVªks 'kgjksa
esa ikbZ tkus okyh ekufld
ladh.kZrk ls cph jgh gSA ;gk¡
fofHkUu laLÑfr;ksa ds yksx jgrs
gSa rFkk fofHkUu /keks± ds R;kSgkjksa
dks ,d lkFk feydj eukrs
gSaA y{ehukjk;.k ¼fcM+yk½ efUnj rFkk Lokeh ukjk;.k
¼v{kj/kke½ tSls fo'ofo[;kr efUnj fnYyh dh
'kku gSaA
ns'k dh /kM+du fnYyh] vkt ,d fojkV
egkuxj gS] tgk¡ gj iy ,d gypy cuh jgrh
gSA ;g ,d 24x7 oSf'od dk;Z'kkyk vkSj euksjatu
dh Hkwfe ds :i esa fodflr gks pqdh gSA
μ ;g lp gS fd ikuh esa rSjus okys gh Mwcrs gSa] fdukjs ij [kM+s jgus okys ugha]
exj ,sls yksx dHkh rSjuk Hkh ugha lh[k ikrsA &oYyHkHkkbZ iVsy
138

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
thou ,d yEgk
& jktsUæ flag 'ks[kkor
fdrus clar gSa chr pqds]
vc 'ks"k jgs cksyks fdrus\
fdlus thou dks th;k gS]
vkSj dkVk gS thou fdlus\
ge ugha tkurs D;k thou\
D;k thou dh gS ;s xkFkk\
tc ehr feys thou th;k]
rUgk Fks rks thou dkVkA
ij ;s clar Hkh D;k clar Fkk]
Qwy f[kys ,sls-,slsA
dks;y dh dqgqd dkuksa esa]
dfy;ksa ij gks Hk¡ojs tSlsA
eu eksj ukprk >we->we]
fjef>e dh gks o"kkZ tSlsA
D;k dgw¡ ehr ;s oks clar]
eSa Hkwy ldw¡ ,sls dSls\
ij vkt ân; esa Bgj-Bgj]
;s pqHku dgk¡ ls gS vkrh\
D;ksa fcNqM+ jgk gS gj ,d xqy]
D;k brus gh fnu ds Fks lkFkh\
brus fnu xqy'ku [kwc f[kyk]
vc riu lgu djuk gksxk]
ge ftl feV~Vh esa tUes gSa]
mldks xqy'ku djuk gksxkA
bl xqy'ku esa ,sls-,sls]
iq"iksa dh ikS/k yxkuh gS]
gs! Hkkjr ek¡ ds iq= ohj]
rsjk thou ,d dqckZuh gSA
139

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fct+usl dh ubZ txg % VªSfQd flXuy
& jtuh'k nqcs
mnkjhdj.k us fcT+kusl
djus ds vuwBs vkbfM;kT+k
bZT+kkn fd, gSaA O;kikj ls
tqM+s yksxksa us ikjaifjd LFkkuksa
ds vykok fofHkUu rjg dh
txgksa esa ckT+kkj [kkst fy,
gSa elyu clksa-Vªsuksa ds Hkhrj] ikdks± ds vkl-ikl]
Ldwyksa-f'k{k.k laLFkkuksa ds ckgj bR;kfnA bl le;
VªSfQd flXuy Hkh lkeku cspus ds fy, ,d cM+s gh
laHkkoukiw.kZ LFkku ds :i esa mHkjk gSA ge vkSj
vki lc yky cfÙk;ksa ij #drs gSa vkSj ogka ds
ckT+kkj ls :c: gksrs gSaA xqynLrs] xT+kjs] f[kykSus]
xkfM+;ksa dh ,DlsljhT+k] nLrkuksa vkSj Hkh cgqr lkjs
vkbVe vkidks bu flXuyksa ij vo'; uT+kj vkrs
gksaxs vkSj vki dHkh-dHkkj ;gka ls dqN u dqN
[kjhnrs Hkh gksaxsA
;gka ij lkeku cspus okys ns[kus esa dqN
fuEu nT+ksZ ds t:j yx ldrs gSa ijarq muds }kjk
csps tkus okys mRiknksa esa vc xq.koÙkk Hkh vk xbZ
gSA os vPNh iSfdax esa feysaxs vkSj db;ksa esa
^vkbZ,lvkbZ* vkSj ^vkbZ,lvks* dh ekfd±x Hkh feysxhA
VªSfQd flXuyksa dks cM+s ckT+kkj ds :i esa ns[kus ds
dkj.k dbZ gSaA lcls igyk rks ;g fd iwjs Hkkjr esa
lSdM+ksa 'kgj gSa vkSj ntZuksa egkuxj gSa vkSj bu
uxjksa-egkuxjksa esa gT+kkjksa VªSfQd flXuYl gSa tgka
ij vkSlru #dus dk le; nks-rhu feuV gSA ;gka
ij csph tkus okyh oLrq,a ikjaifjd ckT+kkjksa dh
vis{kk lLrh feyrh gSaA blfy, MhYl tYnh
iDdh gksrh gSa] #i, dk vknku-çnku Hkh tYnh
gksrk gSA flXuYl ds ckT+kkj esa dksbZ ykxr ugha
vkrh gS flQZ yksx [kM+s djus gksrs gSa vkSj igys
mRikn dh fcØh ls gh equkQk 'kq: gks tkrk gSA
;gka ij u dksbZ ^oSV* yxrk gS vkSj u dksbZ foØ;
djA
gkykafd mRikn foØsrkvksa dk ç;kl jgrk gS
fd mudk foØ; ç;kl fdlh dh uT+kjksa esa u vk,
D;ksafd ,slk gksus ij mlds fofu;eu dh ckr gks
ldrh gS vkSj fofu;eu gksuk eryc reke rjg
dh fnDdrsaA gkykafd bl lcds chp Hkh mUgsa
iqfyl vkSj VªSfQd iqfyl okyksa dks dqN Hkksx rks
yxkuk gh iM+rk gSA
,d ckr bu flXuyksa ij vkSj fn[kkbZ nsrh
gS] og ;g fd vf/kdrj foØsrkx.k LFkkuh; u
gksdj ckgjh gksrs gSa vkSj de mez ds gksrs gSaA
buesa efgyk,a vkSj NksVs cPps Hkh gksrs gSaA dbZ
LFkkuksa ij rks efgyk,a uotkr f'k'kqvksa ds lkFk
Qwyksa dks dkVrh-rjk'krh uT+kj vkrh gSaA ;gka ij
ckgjh yksxksa ds fn[kkbZ nsus dh ,d otg ;g gS
fd buesa ls T;knkrj os yksx gksrs gSa tks HkoufuekZ.k
ifj;kstukvksa ds fy, Jfedksa ds :i esa
vkrs gSa vkSj ifj;kstukvksa ds lekIr gksus ds ckn
os csjksT+kxkj gks tkrs gSa fQj bu LFkkuksa ij mUgsa
vkuk iM+rk gSA
140

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
fHk{kk dk ckT+kkj
;g ckT+kkj rks cgqr pfpZr gSA turk dh
Hkkoukvksa dks ;gka ij dS'k djk;k tkrk gSA VªSfQd
flXuyksa ij fHk[kkfj;ksa dh tekr fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA
blesa gj mez oxZ ds yksx feysaxsA vikfgt gksuk
;gka ,MsM ,MokaVst gSA viuh vikfgtrk dks
fHk[kkjh vkSj MsdksjsVsM djds vFkkZr vf/kd ls
vf/kd [kksydj fn[kkrs gSaA blds vykok] ftlus
ftruh vf/kd n;uh; lwjr cukbZ og mruh
gh vf/kd fHk{kk ik,xkA fHk{kk ekaxus okyksa dk
euksfoKku Hkh cgqr fodflr gksrk gS fd dkSu mUgsa
Hkh[k ns ldrk gS vkSj dkSu ughaA og ckbd lokjksa
ds ikl eqf'dy ls tk,axs tcfd dkjksa ij >aqM
yxk ysaxsA dkj esa ;fn efgyk lokj gS rks fHk{kk
feyus ds ekSds vkSj c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
çÏfr dh j{kk djuk gh gekjk /keZ gS
& pk# pUæ ikaMs;
fiNys dqN le; ls
nqfu;k esa i;kZoj.k ds fouk'k
dks ysdj dkQh ppkZ gks jgh
gSA ekuo dh xfrfof/k;ksa ds
dkj.k i`Foh ds ok;qeaMy ij
tks fo"kSys vlj iM+ jgs gSa]
muls jktusrk] oSKkfud] /keZxq# vkSj lkekftd
dk;ZdÙkkZ Hkh fpafrr gSaA ,d vke balku dks Hkh
bl ckr dk vglkl gksus yxk gS fd euq"; us
çÑfr dks gj n`f"Vdks.k ls uqdlku igqapk;k gSA
taxyksa dh va/kk/kqa/k dVkbZ gks jgh gS] okguksa ls
jksT+kkuk gT+kkjksa] yk[kksa Vu /kqavk fudy jgk gS] tks
gok dks çnwf"kr dj jgk gSA dkj[kkus ufn;ksa esa
tgjhyk dpjk cgk jgs gSa] rks dqN cM+s jk"Vª leqæ
esa ijek.kq ijh{k.k djds mls fo"kkDr cuk jgs gSaA
;g lc euq"; ds LokFkZ dk gh nq"ifj.kke gS
fd çÑfr dk larqyu fcxM+us yxk gSA c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vkSj l`f"V dk vknj djuk fl[kkrs gSaA lHkh /keks±
esa ekuk x;k gS fd çÑfr dh j{kk djuk gh euq";
dh j{kk djuk gS] çÑfr dh j{kk djuk gh gekjk
/keZ gSA laLÑr esa Hkh dgk gS& Þj{k;s çÑfr
ikarqyksdkAß
ekuo vkSj çÑfr ds chp lfn;ksa ls kfu"B
laca/k jgk gSA euq"; bZ'oj dks bl fo'o dk
l`f"VdÙkkZ ekurk gSA vyx-vyx ukeksa ls mldh
iwtk-vpZuk Hkh djrk gSA dgrs gSa fd bl rjg
balku vius /keZ dk ikyu dj jgk gSA ysfdu /keZ
ds ikyu dk vFkZ dsoy ijLij ekuoh; O;ogkj
djuk] lnkpkj vkSj f'k"Vkpkj ds fu;eksa dk ikyu
djuk gh ugha gSA bldk vFkZ rks bZ'oj dh l`f"V
ds lkFk f'k"Vkpkj fuHkkuk Hkh gSA bZ'oj dh
vkjk/kuk rHkh iwjh ekuh tk,xh] tc mlds }kjk
jph xbZ lqanj l`f"V o mlesa fopjus okys lHkh
çdkj ds tho-tarqvksa dh j{kk dh tk,xh vkSj
mudk vknj fd;k tk,xkA bl rjg iwjs i;kZoj.k
esa 'kkafr Nk tk,xhA ,slh fLFkfr esa l`f"VdÙkkZ dh
ekStwnxh dks eglwl fd;k tk ldsxk vkSj ijekRek
dks ik;k tk ldsxkA
μ fons'kh Hkk"kk dk fdlh Lora=k jk"Vª ds jktdkt vkSj f'k{kk dh Hkk"kk gksuk
lkaLÑfrd nklrk gSA
&okYVj psfuax
μ nsoukxjh èofu'kkL=k dh n`f"V ls vR;ar oSKkfud fyfi gSA
&jfo'kadj 'kqDy
μ ogh Hkk"kk thfor vkSj tkxzr jg ldrh gS tks turk dk Bhd&Bhd
çfrfuf/Ro dj ldsA
&ihj eqgEen ewful
μ Hkkjrh; ,drk ds y{; dk lk/u fganh Hkk"kk dk çpkj gSA
&Vh- ek/ojko
143

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
vk/kqfudrk
& Hkxoku flag fyaxoky
f'k"Vrk flld jgh
vk/kqfudrk dh ckgksa esa]
uSfrdrk uXu [kM+h
fodkl dh jkgksa esaA
djsa fdl ij ;gka fo'okl
kj esa gks tc nqjkpkjh cki]
xq# f'k"; esa ns[kks f'k"Vkpkj
cSBs gSa e/kq'kkyk ds }kjA
gS dSlh ;g vk/kqfud lH;rk
gqbZ lqlaLdkjksa ls foeq[krk]
f'k{kd us cktkj ltk;k
ljLorh dks O;kikj cuk;kA
bZeku Hkh uhyke gqvk
ns'k ds gj pkSjkgs ij]
ekuo us ekuo dks [kks;k
LokfHkeku ds gkFkksa ijA
fd;k ftUgksaus kksj vR;kpkj
fudys os Hkh [kkl fj'rsnkj]
dj nsa tu-eu dh ek;k lagkj
Lor% feVsxk re vkSj vgadkjA
y{eh ds eksg-tky us
fd;k thou rkj-rkj]
Hkkjr ds Hkkoh LoIuksa us
viuk fy;k Hkz"VkpkjA
144

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
okg js] ge balkuksa dh fQrjr
& fofiu dqekj
eSa fdlh ^eqnkZ 'kkafr*
dh ckr ugha dj jgk] tks
cdkSy ik'k ^lcls [krjukd*
gksrh gSA eSa ml thoar 'kkafr
dh ckr dj jgk gw¡] ftlesa
ge balkuksa dh dksbZ fnypLih
ugha gSA ,slh 'kkar-lgt-ljy fT+kanxh] ftlesa
dksbZ cM+h gypy u gks] mFky-iqFky u gks] ruko
Hkjk lak"kZ u gks] nk¡o-isap u gks] gkj-thr u gks]
[kq'kh-x+e u gks] ge balkuksa dks nsj rd jkl ugha
vkrhA ;g gekjh fQrjr esa gS fd ge fT+kanxh esa
pje [kq'kh ds dqN [kkl yEgksa dks gkfly djuk
pkgrs gSa vkSj mu dqN ;knxkj glhu yEgksa dks
ikus ds fy, viuh iwjh fT+kanxh dh lejlrk vkSj
lgtrk dks nk¡o ij >ksad nsrs gSaA
gekjh iwjh fT+kanxh pje [kq'kh ds ,sls pan
yEgksa dks cVksjus vkSj l¡tks dj j[kus dh dok;n
gSA [kq'kh ds ,sls pan yEgksa dks cVksjus ds fy, ge
dksbZ lak"kZ] dksbZ pqukSrh] dksbZ gksM+ vk;ksftr djrs
gSa ;k mlesa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa vkSj tc mlesa thr
gkfly gksrh gS rks fQj ml thr dk /kwe/kke ls
t'u eukrs gSaA T+k:jh ugha fd og gekjh furkar
O;fDrxr thr gksA vius vM+ksl-iM+ksl] ns'k-nqfu;k
esa tgka dgha dksbZ tax fNM+rh gS] tgka dgha dksbZ
eqdkcyk gksrk gS] pkgs og dksbZ [ksy gks ;k fQj
thou-ej.k dk ç'u] pkgs og lPpkbZ vkSj balkQ
dh vlyh yM+kbZ gks] ;k fQj fdlh ukVd ;k
fQYe ds fdjnkjksa ds chp dk vkHkklh }a}] ge
mlls [kqn dks tksM+ ysrs gSa vkSj viuk dksbZ i{k
pqu ysrs gSa vkSj ;fn ml i{k dh thr gksrh gS rks
ml thr ds t'u esa 'kkfey gks tkrs gSa] fot;&ioZ
eukus yxrs gSaA
lalkj esa 'kkafr-lkSgknZ-lejlrk cgqr lgtrk
ls dk;e gks ldrh gS] ;fn ge balku Lora=rk]
fe=rk vkSj lekurk ds Hkkoksa dks vius Hkhrj
vkRelkr~ dj ysaA ysfdu ,slk vkt rd dHkh gks
ugha ldkA ge balku yk[kksa-djksM+ksa NksVs-cM+s ;q)
vkil esa dj pqds gSa] vc Hkh vla[; lak"kZ nqfu;k
Hkj esa gj Lrj ij] gj ekspsZ ij py jgs gSa] vkSj ;g
lc vkxs Hkh ,sls gh pyrk jgsxk] tc rd fd ge
balkuksa dh fQrjr ugha cnyrhA
ftl fdlh ds ikl lkeF;Z gksrh gS] ftl
fdlh dks volj feyrk gS] og nwljksa dh vkT+kknh
vkSj cjkcjh dk gd+ ;k nT+kkZ Nhuus dh dksf'k'k
djus yxrk gSA tc Hkh ge fdlh dh Lora=rk dks
ckf/kr djrs gSa ;k tc Hkh dksbZ gekjh Lora=rk
ckf/kr djrk gS] tc dHkh ge fdlh dks vius
cjkcj dk nT+kkZ ;k gd+ ugha nsrs ;k tc dHkh dksbZ
gesa cjkcjh dk nT+kkZ ;k gd+ ugha nsrk] rks vlarks"k
vkSj 'k=qrk ds Hkkoksa dk tUe gksrk gSA ;s udkjkRed
Hkko /khjs-/khjs lakfur gksdj çcy gksrs jgrs gSa
vkSj ifjfLFkfr;ksa ds ncko ds dkj.k chp-chp esa
çfrjks/k vkSj ;q) ds :i esa QwV dj ckgj fudyrs
145

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
jgrs gSaA bu lak"kks±-VdjkgVksa dh nkLrku dks ge
dFkkudksa ds :i esa viuh Le`fr;ksa esa nT+kZ djrs
tkrs gSa vkSj mls bfrgkl-feFkd] lkfgR;-laLÑfr
dh /kjksgj cuk ysrs gSaA
ysfdu ge balku dksbZ ,slh O;oLFkk] dksbZ
,slk ekgkSy] dksbZ ,slh ekufldrk ugha xk
μ thou ds NksVs ls NksVs {ks=k esa fganh viuk nkf;Ro fuHkkus esa leFkZ gSA
&iq#"kksÙkenkl VaMu
μ Hkk"kk vkSj Hkko dk ifjorZu lekt dh voLFkk vkSj vkpkj&çpkj ls
vf/d laca/ j[krk gSA
&cnjhukFk HkV~V
146

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
pwgk ej x;k
& xq# nÙk tks'kh
yks vkt ,d vkSj pwgk ej x;k
tc ls fodkl dh /kkjk cgh
pwgksa dh la[;k c

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
y[kuÅ dh iraxckt+h
& ijost+ gqlSu
lqus gksaxsA
okg] okg! D;k 'kh"kZd
gS\ iarxckth] og Hkh y[kuÅ
dhA fopkj vkrs gh eu Hkh
iarx dh Hkk¡fr vkdk'k dh
vksj mM+rk çrhr gksrk gSA
blls lacaf/kr xhr Hkh vkius
Þpyh&pyh js irax esjh pyh js----Aß
cgjgky Þiraxß 'kCn dh mRifÙk Þiraxsß ls
gqbZ gS tks vkidks cjlkr ds ekSle esa b/kj-m/kj
mM+rk ut+j vk,xkA irax Hkh vkidks vkleku dh
[kqyh gok esa b/kj-m/kj LoPNUn fopj.k djrh
fn[ksxhA
;fn ;g VwVs rks iarx mM+ gh ugha ldrh gSA fQj
,d v/kZ-pUækdkj rhyh fpidh feysxh ftls Þdk¡iß
dgrs gSaA fupys fgLls esa ,d pkSdksj dkxt+
¼vk;rkdkj½ iryh rhfy;ksa lfgr fpidk jgrk gS
ftls ÞiRrkß dgrs gSaA irax ds nwljh vksj vaxzst+h
ds mYVs ÞVß ds vkdkj esa yxHkx ckjg bap yEck
,d NksVk /kkxk ca/kk ut+j vk,xk] cl blh ds
lgkjs irax vkdk'k dh Å¡pkbZ esa fLFkj jgrh gSA
;fn dUus mfpr nwjh ds vuqikr ls u cka/ks tk,¡] rks
;g vkdk'k esa lkai dh pky ls ygjk,xhA
;fn vki irax dks x+kSj ls ns[ksa rks mlds
e/; Hkkx esa ,d yEch rhyh fpidh ut+j vk,xh]
ftls ikjaxr iraxckt+ksa dh Hkk"kk esa ÞBM~Mkß dgrs
gSA ;g rhyh irax dh jh

+
flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
ftl çdkj euq"; fofHkUu ukeksa ls iqdkjk
,oa igpkuk tkrk gS] ;g Hkh iraxckt+ksa dh Hkk"kk esa
vius ukeksa ls iqdkjh tkrh gSA blds Þnks iUuh
pkiß] ÞrkSf[+k;kß] ÞyV~Bsnkjß] Þekaxnkjß] Þygfj;kß]
ÞikSurkbZß bR;kfn uke çpfyr gSA nSfud thou esa
O;Lrrk ds dkj.k y[kuÅ dk tuthou Hkh çHkkfor
gqvk gSA ysfdu ;g ckr lp gS fd ;g ,d fofp=
[ksy gSA bldh vknr iM+ tkus ij ;fn bls
vatke u fn;k tk, rks fny cq>k&cq>k lk yxrk
gSA ysfdu tc vki bls vkdk'k dh Å¡pkbZ ij
rku nsrs gSa( rc ;g 'ksj ;kn vkrk gS%&
ß'kk[+k-,-x+qy >we dj] x+qyt+kj esa lh/kh tks gqbZA
fQj x;k vka[k esa uD+'kk rsjh vaxM+kbZ dkßAA
y[kuÅ ds xqT+kjs gq, uokchu us viuh
reke ckft+;ksa cVsjckt+h] eqxsZckt+h] rhrjckt+h]
dcwrjckt+h] 'krjatckt+h] es

flrEcj 2011
uwru çfrfcac
irax ges'kk gok dh fn'kk esa Åij mBrh
gSA ;fn gok dk ncko de gksrk gS rks iraxckt+
irax dks vius lgk;d dks idM+k dj mls nlchl
dne rd nwj tkus ds fy, dgrk gS( lgk;d
irax dks mNy dj vkdk'k dh vksj NksM+rk gS( bls
ÞNqM+¸;kß nsuk dgrs gSaA
irax mM+kus ls nwj dh n`f"V fLFkj gks tkrh
gSA bls mM+kus ls dyj dh igpku vPNh gksrh
gSA irax vkilh fe=rk ds nk;js dks foLr`r
djrh gSA bls fu;fer :i ls mM+kus ij dqN
;kSfxd fØ;k,a Lor% iwjh gks tkrh gS( ijUrq
bldh dqN gkfu;k¡ rFkk viokn Hkh gSaA dVh
irax dks ywVus gsrq cPps gkFk esa >kM+ fy,
csrgk'kk Hkkxrs utj vk,axs] vr% ;g nqkZVuk dk
dkj.k Hkh curh gSA irax dh Mksj esa fdlh çdkj
dk rkj ugha ck¡/kuk pkfg,A ,slh rkj ds ^gkbZ
VsU'ku ok;j* ds lEidZ esa vkus ls dHkh-dHkh
nqkZVuk,a Hkh gks tkrh gSaA
lUr dchj us Bhd gh dgk gS Þvfr gj ckr
dh cqjh gksrh gSAß ;fn iraxckt+h lhek ls ijs dh
tkrh gS rks ;g le; rFkk /ku ds nq#i;ksx dk
dkj.k cu tkrh gSA
150

lalnh; iqLrdky; Hkou
eqæd % caxky vkWQlsV oDlZ] ubZ fnYyh