GJ - Privredna komora Srbije
GJ - Privredna komora Srbije GJ - Privredna komora Srbije
Figure 1: Ground plan of set up monitoring system [6] Observations were performed in different time: • minutely readings ( every 10 and 30 min), • hourly readings (every 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours) and • daily readings (every 24 hours). The accuracy of the performed observations depended upon incidence, the used time interval of readings and reception of satellite signals. Maximum accuracy of observations is achieved when using a 24-hour interval. PROCESSING OF OBSERVATION READINGS Before accuracy comparison could take place the data gathered in hourly and daily GNSS observations had to be properly processed. The most accurate are the observations made at 24-hour intervals and are therefore used as the control segment for observations made in smaller time intervals. The observations done in hourly intervals had to be adjusted and the input data necessary for accuracy comparison had to be eliminated from observations made in both time intervals. Observations made in hourly intervals in ideal conditions gave 24 readings per day, respectively 24 records of coordinate triplets Y, X , H . When daily observations were used only one triplet of coordinates Y, X , H was obtained for one day. After the adjustment by parameter variation was made on hourly observations the most probable value of the coordinate triplets was obtained. At the same time the reduction of made observations was also carried out thus obtaining one most probable triplet instead of 24 triplets per day. 309
HOURLY MEASUREMENTS DAILY MEASUREMENTS 24 measurements per day (in ideal conditions) 1 measurement per day Adjustment by parameter variation One triplet (Y, X, H) for individual day One triplet (Y, X, H) for individual day Accuracy comparison between hourly and daily observations Figure 17: Processing of input data Two different adjustments by parameter variation procedures were performed depending on the input data. In both cases of the adjustment procedure a priori variance of unit weight was used. The first adjustment by parameter variation procedure is based solely on the assessment of the a priori variance of the unit weight whilst the second procedure also takes into account the cofactor matrix of prior measurements. With the help of adjustment by parameter variation [1]: • The procedure with which precise values of multiple measurements are determined is derived as well as the most definite values based on mutual mathematical correlation, • The evaluation of accuracy and reliability of measured and adjusted data is made. The procedure of adjustment by parameter variation is based on the on the method of least squares. The method of least squares means minimizing the sum of squared residuals of measured quantities defined by: vv min pvv ali min (1) or in matrix terms T T T v v min ali v Pv v Q v min (2) -1 ll In order to assure better transparency and understanding of the two adjustments procedures were labelled SAS 2 for the first method and SAS 3 for the second method. Observations had different accuracies so the weighted arithmetic mean was applied in both cases. Adjustment of hourly measurements The procedures used for the adjustment of hourly observations differed upon the input data. In the first variance procedure ( SAS 2 ) the a priory variance of unit weight was used as an input data whilst the second 310
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- Page 286 and 287: X Y X 2 Y 2 x x y y 2 x x y
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- Page 290 and 291: flore i faune na mestu odlaganja, b
- Page 292 and 293: Slika 1. Geomorfološka mapa kostol
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Figure 1: Ground plan of set up monitoring system [6]<br />
Observations were performed in different time:<br />
• minutely readings ( every 10 and 30 min),<br />
• hourly readings (every 1, 3, 6 and 12 hours) and<br />
• daily readings (every 24 hours).<br />
The accuracy of the performed observations depended upon incidence, the used time interval of readings and<br />
reception of satellite signals. Maximum accuracy of observations is achieved when using a 24-hour interval.<br />
PROCESSING OF OBSERVATION READINGS<br />
Before accuracy comparison could take place the data gathered in hourly and daily GNSS observations had<br />
to be properly processed. The most accurate are the observations made at 24-hour intervals and are therefore<br />
used as the control segment for observations made in smaller time intervals. The observations done in hourly<br />
intervals had to be adjusted and the input data necessary for accuracy comparison had to be eliminated from<br />
observations made in both time intervals.<br />
Observations made in hourly intervals in ideal conditions gave 24 readings per day, respectively 24 records<br />
of coordinate triplets Y, X , H . When daily observations were used only one triplet of coordinates Y, X , H<br />
was obtained for one day. After the adjustment by parameter variation was made on hourly observations the<br />
most probable value of the coordinate triplets was obtained. At the same time the reduction of made<br />
observations was also carried out thus obtaining one most probable triplet instead of 24 triplets per day.<br />
309