Gujarati version

A_y¾$drZL$p
âpf„rcL$ `qfQe............................................................. 2
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡V$g¡ iy„ R>¡ ? ................................. 3
Brslpk A_¡ AÞe _pdp¡...................................................... 4
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L¡$V$gp âdpZdp„ \pe R>¡ ?................ 4
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \hp_y„ L$pfZ iy„ ?............................. 4
¾$p¡dp¡kp¡d(f„Nk|Ó)\u âp¡qV$_ ârs......................................... 5
X$u.A¡_.A¡.................................................................. 6
_hu ip¡^p¡.................................................................. 7
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u ùv$e `f L¡$hu fus¡ Akf L$f¡ R>¡ ?......... 9
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u ^fphsy„ ùv$e ?........................... 11
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u iê$Aps ¼epf¡ \pe R>¡ ?.................... 15
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L¡$hp gnZp¡ `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡ ?..................... 15
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ r_v$p_ L¡$hu fus¡ \pe ? ............... 17
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u AkfN°õs ìe[¼sAp¡_y„
crhóe iy„ R>¡ ? ......................................................... 20
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u Ecu \su kdõepAp¡............. 21
kpfhpf..................................................................... 22
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u Æh_i¥gu `f iy„ âcph `X¡$ R>¡ .......... 28
Ly$Vy„$b_y„ `qfnZ............................................................ 29
iy„ bpmL$p¡ `¡v$p L$fhp Å¡BA¡ ?................................................. 30
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ dp_rkL$ hgZ_u A_yL|$msp............................. 31
kpdpÞe kgpl -k|Q_p¡.................................................... 35
AÐepf¡ iy„ k„ip¡^_ \B füy„ R>¡ ?............................................... 36
Ahpf_hpf `|R>psp âñp¡................................................... 37
Ágp¡kfu : `pqfcprjL$ L$p¡i.................................................... 40
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u (A¡Q.ku.A¡d.)_p v$v$}Ap¡ A_¡ A¡_p kNp„-
k„b„^uAp¡ dpV¡$ sbubu `pkp„Ap¡_¡ gNsu dpN®v$ri®L$p.......................... 45
kæe`v$_y„ ap¡d®.............................................................. 46

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
ANÐe_y„
dp¡V$pcpN_p gp¡L$p¡, S>¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u `uX$pe R>¡, s¡d_u
Æh_i¥gudp„ A_¡ Apeyóe dep®v$pdp„ Lip¡ bp^ _\u Aphsp¡. R>sp„ AdyL$ gp¡L$p¡
dp¡V$p âdpZdp„ gnZp¡ A_ych¡ R>¡ A_¡ A¡d_p AQp_L$ dfZ_p¡ Msfp¡ lp¡e R>¡.
ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps Üpfp Ap gp¡L$p¡_p r_v$p__u Mpdu, A¡d_p cprh rhj¡_u
QL$pkZu A_¡ Mpk L$fu_¡ Ecu \_pfu kdõepAp¡_p ce rhj¡_y„ d|ëep„L$_
L$fhp_u kgpl Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
âpf„rcL$ `qfQe :
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u S>¡hu ùv$e_¡ gNsu bpbs rhj¡ h^y ÅZL$pfu
d¡mhhpdp„ fk ^fphsp gp¡L$p¡ dpV¡$ Ap g¡M R>p`hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap g¡M X$p¸L$V$fp¡,
sbubu ìehkpe kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gp AÞe gp¡L$p¡ A_¡ v$v$}Ap¡_p k„ey¼s âepkp¡
Üpfp s¥epf L$fhpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡. Ap g¡M_u kpdN°u Üpfp hpf„hpf `|R>psp khpgp¡
A_¡ Ap rbdpfu rhj¡ v$v$} A_¡ A¡d_p k„b„^uAp¡_¡ \su tQsp `f âL$pi `pX$hpdp„
Apìep¡ R>¡.
Ap rbdpfu_¡ hZ®hsu sbubu `qfcpjp_p iåv$p¡ s¡dS> X$p¸L$V$fp¡ kp\¡ k„hpv$dp„
h`fpsp iåv$p¡ Aphfu gB_¡ A¡d_¡ `pW$dp„ kdÅhhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. h^pfpdp„
dp¡V$p BV$prgL$ Anf¡ R>`pe¡gp iåv$p¡_¡ Ap `y[õsL$p_¡ A„s¡ Ap`¡gp `pqfcprjL$
L$p¡idp„ dp¡V$p Anfp¡ Üpfp kdÅhhpdp„ Apìep R>¡.
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡iuA¡i_, Ap `y[õsL$p_u lh¡ `R>u_u Aph©rÑAp¡_u
ky^pfZp dpV¡$ `Ó-ìehlpf A_¡ V$uL$p-V$uà`ZuAp¡_¡ AphL$pf¡ R>¡. Ap `y[õsL$p
hp„Ãep `R>u AÞe L$p¡B âñp¡ Ecp \pe sp¡ `Ó ìehlpf_¡ DÑ¡S>_ Ap`hp A_¡
`R>u_u Aph©rÑAp¡dp„ ky^pfZp dpV¡$ V$uL$p_¡ AphL$pf¡ R>¡. sd¡ rh_p k„L$p¡Q¡ Adpfp¡
k„`L®$ kp^u iL$p¡ R>p¡, Adpfp V¡$guap¡_ _„bf `f ap¡_ L$fhpdp„ AQL$php_u S>ê$f
_\u. A¡ rkhpe `Ó A\hp B-d¡Bg Üpfp k„`L®$ L$fu iL$pe R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u iy„ R>¡ ?
L$p¡B v¡$Musp L$pfZ rh_p Äepf¡ ùv$e_p õ_pey kpdpÞe _\u fl¡sp, Ðepf¡ Ap
[õ\rs_¡ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u iåv$ S>
hZ®_pÐdL$ R>¡ A_¡ A¡_p¡ A\® \pe R>¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p¡ fp¡N. Ap fp¡N_p dy¿e
Qpf âL$pf R>¡. 1. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ (A¡Q.ku.A¡d.) 2. X$peg¡V¡$X$ (X$u.ku.A¡d.) 3.
f¡õV²$uL$V$uh (Apf.ku.A¡d.) 4. A¸qf^dp¡Æ_uL$ fpBV$ h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf
(A¡.Apf.hu.ku.)
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u dy¿e gpnrZL$sp R>¡, ùv$e_p õ_pey_y„ h^pf¡
`X$sy„ ÅX$p \B S>hy„. (lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$_p¡ ip[åv$L$ A\® S> \pe R>¡ ÅX$p \hy„ -Vy$
\uL$_). ùv$e_p õ_pey_p Aphu fus¡ ÅX$p \hp_y„ kpdpÞe s„vy$fõsu cp¡Nhsp,
`Z S>¡d_y„ ågX$â¡if h^u Ney„ R>¡, A¡hp A_¡ gp„bp kde\u M¡g-L|$v$_u spgud
g¡_pfp gp¡L$p¡dp„ v¡$Mpe R>¡. `Z lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p ùv$e_p õ_pey_p
ÅX$p \hpdp„ Aphy„ L$p¡B v¡$Musy„ L$pfZ dmsy„ _\u.
A¡ rkhpe lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\uhpmp ùv$e_p õ_pey_¡ k|ÿdv$i®L$\u
Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡ sp¡ A¡ AkpdpÞe(A¡å_p¡d®g) v¡$Mpe R>¡. S>¡ fus¡ õ_pey_p L$p¡j
kp^pfZ fus¡ kdp„sf Np¡W$hpe¡gp lp¡hp Å¡BA¡ A¡_p¡ Acph lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ Ap
AkpdpÞesp_¡ dpep¡L$pqX®$eg qX$kA¡f¡ L$l¡ R>¡ (ApL©$rs 5)
õ_peyAp¡_y„ s„vy$fõs b„^pfZ
õ_peyAp¡dp„ rhrnásp
ApL©$rs 1
dpep¡L$pqX®$eg qX$kA¡f¡ (ùv$e_p õ_pey_u Np¡W$hZu_u NfbX$)
Ap rQÓdp„ ùv$e_p kpdpÞe õ_peyAp¡_u r_erds kdp„sf Np¡W$hZu_u kp\¡
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \e¡gp ùv$e_p L¡$V$gpL$ cpNdp„ AkpdpÞe
õ_peyAp¡_p L$p¡jp¡_u Np¡W$hZu_u NfbX$ kp\¡ v¡$MpX$hpdp„ Aphu R>¡.

Brslpk A_¡ AÞe _pdp¡
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u `l¡gu Ap¡mM 1950_p v$peL$pdp„ dp¡X¡$\u \B.
A¡ `l¡gp„ A¡_p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p _pd lsp. S>¡d L¡$ lpeàpfV²$p¡qaL$ Ap¡bõV²$L$V$uh
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u (V|„$L$dp„ A¡Q.Ap¡.ku.A¡d) BqX$ep¡`\uL$ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
kbA¡Ap¡qV®$L$ õV¡$_p¡kuk, (V|„$L$dp„ ApB.A¡Q.A¡k.A¡k) A_¡ dõ¼eygf kb
A¡Ap¡V$}L$ õV¡$_p¡kuk. lh¡ Mpk R|>V$\u h`fpsp¡ iåv$ R>¡, lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u (A¡Q.ku.A¡d.).
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L¡$V$gp âdpZdp„ \pe R>¡ ?
spS>¡sf_p k„ip¡^_p¡dp„ S>Zpey„ R>¡ L¡$ `l¡gp _p¢^ g¡hpsu lsu A¡_p L$fsp„
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ âdpZ h^y R>¡. ey.L¡$_u hõsu_u v$f 500
ìe[¼sAp¡ v$uW$ A¡L$ ìe[¼s_¡ Ap rbdpfu lp¡e R>¡ A¡hp¡ Apif¡ A„v$pS> R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \hp_y„ L$pfZ iy„ ?
dp¡V$pcpN_p qL$õkpAp¡dp„ Ap rbdpfu h„i`f„`fpNs R>¡. buÅ qL$õkpAp¡dp„ L$p„ sp¡
Aphp hpfkp_p¡ `yfphp¡ _\u A\hp A¡ v$v$}_p Ly$Vy„$b rhi¡ `|fsu dprlsu_p¡ Acph
R>¡, S>¡_p\u Ap rbdpfu hpfkpNs W$fphu iL$pe. S>¡ Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„ Ap rbdpfu R>¡ A¡dp„
A¡L$ `¡Y$u\u buÆ `¡Y$udp„ Ap rbdpfu Dsf¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u h„i`f„`fpNssp
Ap¡V$p¡Tp¡dg X$p¡rd_ÞV$ L$l¡hpe R>¡. (ApL©$rs 2) Ap fp¡NN°õs Ly$Vy„$b_p ÷uAp¡ A_¡
`yfyj bß¡ Üpfp hpfkpdp„ Ap rbdpfu dm¡ R>¡. Ap fp¡N_p `„Ådp„\u L$p¡B `¡Y$u `|fu
fus¡ bQu S>su _\u. A¡V$gy„ Mfy„ L¡$ L$p¡BL$ gp¡L$p¡dp„ A¡_p„ gnZp¡ A¡L$v$d lmhp
õhê$`¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡. dp-bp`dp„\u `¥L$u L$p¡B_¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u lp¡e sp¡
A¡d_p bpmL$p¡_¡ Ap rbdpfu \hp_u gNcN 50% S>¡V$gu i¼esp fl¡ R>¡. L$ epf¡L$
AÞe rbdpfuAp¡_p A¡L$ gnZ õhê$`¡ ùv$e_p õ_pey ÅX$p \B iL¡$ R>¡. v$p.s.
dpBV$p¡L$p¡ÞX²$uAg qX$k-Ap¡X®$f A\hp a¡b°uk qX$kuT. `Z Ap b^u i¼espAp¡
S>h‰¡ S> v¡$Mpe R>¡ A_¡ ¼epf¡L$ A¡d_p¡ D`Qpf `Z i¼e lp¡e R>¡.

ApL©$rs 2
h„ih©n-h„ih¡gp¡
Ap h„ih©ndp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u `uX$psu Qpf
`¡Y$uAp¡ bsphu R>¡. Ap fp¡N A¡L$
`¡Y$u\u buÆ `¡Y$udp„ AQ|L$`Z¡ Dsf¡
R>¡ A_¡ L$p¡B `¡Y$u A¡_p\u bpL$ps _\u
fl¡su. Ap âL$pf_u h„i`f„`fpNssp_¡
Ap¡V$p¡Tp¡dg X$p¡du_ÞV$ B_l¡fuV$Þk
A¡hy„ _pd A`pey„ R>¡. fp¡NN°õs
ìe[¼s_p v$f¡L$ bpmL$_¡ Ap fp¡N
hpfkpdp„ dmhp_u 50-50% i¼esp
lp¡e R>¡.
hp„riL$
`yfyj
÷u
nrs frls
nrsN°õs
¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡çk-f„Nk|Óp¡\u âp¡qV$_ ârs
Ap fp¡N_u d|mc|s âL©$rÑ ÅZhp dpV¡$ A¡hp ÆÞk ip¡^hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡
bNX¡$gp„(A¡å_p¡d®g) lp¡e. Ap_p¡ k„v$c® Ap fus¡ s`pkuA¡ :
Ap `yõsL$_y„ L$hf Sy>Ap¡ !
Ap`Z¡ A¡L$ A¡hp Mpk iåv$_u ip¡^ L$fuA¡
S>¡_u Å¡X$Zu Mp¡V$u lp¡e !
A¡L$ L$p¡jdp„ f„Nk|Óp¡_u bphuk Å¡X$uAp¡
A_¡ tgN _½$u L$fsp f„Nk|Ó_u A¡L$ Å¡X$u
lp¡e R>¡.
A¡L$ ¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡d_¡ Ap`Z¡
A¡Þkpe¼gp¡`uqX$ep_p A¡L$ hp¡ëeyd kp\¡
kfMphuA¡. v$f¡L$ S>Z `pk¡ Ap A¡L$ S>
hp¡ëeyd S>¡hu b¡ kfMu âsp¡ lp¡e. A¡L$ âs
A¡_u dpsp `pk¡\u A_¡ buÆ âs r`sp
`pk¡\u dm¡gu lp¡e.

X$u.A¡_.A¡.
X$u.A¡_.A¡. A¡L$ M|b gp„bu
`fdpÏ(dp¡g¡¼eyg) L$X$u R>¡, S>¡
Qpf Sy>v$p A¡L$dp¡ kp\¡ b„^pe¡gu R>¡.
Ap A¡L$dp¡_¡ Þey¼guAp¡V$pBX¹$k
L$l¡hpe R>¡ A_¡ A¡ R>¡ 1. A¡X¡$du_
2. \pedu_ 3. NyAphp_u_ 4.
kpeV$p¡Tu_.
Ap Þey¼guAp¡V$pBX¹$k A¡L$buÅ
Å¡X¡$ Qp¡½$k fus¡ Å¡X$udp„ Np¡W$hpe
R>¡. S>¡d L¡$ A¡ Vy$ V$u A_¡ ku. Vy$ Æ.
Ap Å¡X$L$p_¡ L$pfZ¡ X$u.A¡_.A¡._p
b¡ sp„sZp„ b„^pe¡gp„ fl¡ R>¡.
Þey¼guAp¡V$pBX¹$k_p Ap ¾$d A_¡
g„bpB `f\u X$u.A¡_.A¡._u Ap
i©„Mgpdp„ L$ey„ âp¡qV$_ b_i¡, s¡
_½$u \pe R>¡.
_hu ip¡^p¡
spS>¡sf_p k„ip¡^__p¡A¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p L$p¡jdp„ \su NfbX$ dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf
lp¡e A¡hp„ Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>p 10 k„crhs ÆÞk(NyZk|Óp¡) Ap¡mMu L$pY$ép„ R>¡. Ap
NfbX$_¡ çeyV¡$i_ A¡hy„ _pd A`pey„ R>¡. A_¡ A¡_u kfMpdZu X$u.A¡_.A¡._u
Æ_¡qV$L$ k„op kp\¡ gMhpdp„ \e¡gu Å¡X$Zu_u c|g sfuL¡$ NZu iL$pe. fp¡NN°õs
ìe[¼sAp¡_p Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„\u Apif¡ 50 \u 60%dp„ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p k„Ly$Q_
(L$p¡ÞV²$pL$i_) dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf ANÐe_p â¡V$uÞk_p ÆÞkdp„ \e¡gp çeyV¡$i_
(Å¡X$Zuc|g) L$pfZê$` S>Zpep lsp. v$p.s. buV$pdpep¡ku_ l¡hu Q¡B_,
V²$p¡`p¡_u_ V$u, Apëap V²$p¡`p¡dpep¡ku_, L$pqX®$e¡g dpep¡ku_ bpBÞX$]N âp¡V$u_-ku
A\hp A¡k¡Þiueg A_¡ f¡Áeyg¡V$fu gpBV$ Q¡BÞk.

Ap`Ï„ ifuf L$fp¡X$p¡ L$p¡jp¡_y„ b_¡gy„ R>¡.
v$f¡L$ L$p¡j_¡ A¡L$ L¡$ÞÖ (Þey¼guek) lp¡e R>¡
v$f¡L$ L$p¡jdp„ 46 f„Nk|Óp¡ (¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡d) lp¡e R>¡.
v$f¡L$ f„Nk|Ó X$u.A¡_.A¡._u A¡L$ gp„bu î„©Mgp\u
b_¡ R>¡.
X$u.A¡_.A¡_u Ap Q¾$pL$pf î©„Mgp
ÆÞk(NyZk|Óp¡)\u rhcpÆs \e¡gu lp¡e R>¡.
L$pmp hpm dpV¡$
L$pfZc|s Æ_
c|fu Ap„M dpV¡$
L$pfZc|s Æ_

kpdpÞe
f„Nk|Ó
rhrná
f„Nk|Ó
A¡L$ NyZk|Ó(Æ_)
A¡ Anfp¡_u A¡L$
lpfdpmp R>¡. Ap
"Anfp¡'_u g„bpB
A_¡ A¡d_p ¾$d
dyS>b A¡_p Üpfp
fQp_pfp âp¡V$u__y„
b„^pfZ _½$u \pe
R>¡.
kpdpÞe f„Nk|Ó (_p¡d®g ¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡d)
Äepf¡ î©„Mgp_u
fQ_pdp„ kpdpÞe
L$fsp„ L$p„BL$ a¡fapf
\pe Ðepf¡ çeyV¡$i_
\ey„ L$l¡hpe. Ap
a¡fapf A¡V$gp¡ k|ÿd
lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ "Anfp¡_u
Ap lpfdpmpdp„ a¼s
A¡L$ Anfdp ¼ep„L$
afL$ lp¡e.
A¡L$ NyZk|Ó(Æ_) A¡ Anfp¡_u A¡L$ lpfdpmp R>¡. Ap "Anfp¡'_u g„bpB A_¡
A¡d_p ¾$d dyS>b A¡d_p Üpfp fQp_pfp âp¡V$u__y„ b„^pfZ _½$u \pe R>¡.
çeyV$ÞV$ ¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡d (`fphs}s f„Nk|Ó)
Äepf¡ î©„Mgp_u fQ_pdp„ kpdpÞe L$fsp„ L$p„BL$ a¡fapf \pe Ðepf¡ çeyV¡$i_ \ey„
L$l¡hpe. Ap a¡fapf A¡V$gp¡ k|ÿd lp¡e R>¡ L¡$ "Anfp¡"¡_u Ap lpfdpmpdp„ a¼s A¡L$
Anfdp„ S> ¼ep„L$ a¡fapf$ lp¡e.
ApL©$rs 6
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u dpV¡$ L$pfZc|s "ÆÞk'_p NyZk|Óp¡_u NfbX$_u
ip¡^ A¡ rbdpfu_¡ kdS>hp dpV¡$ A¡L$ dp¡Vy„$ `Ngy„ R>¡. A¡_u `|Z®sp `R>u f¼s A_¡
\|„L$_u s`pk Üpfp `Z bpmL$p¡ A_¡ sê$Zp¡dp„ A¡_y„ r_v$p_ L$fhp_y„ i¼e b_i¡.
AÐepf¡ S>¡ k„ip¡^_p¡ \B füp R>¡, A¡ Aphp buÅ ÆÞk_¡ Ap¡mMhp, S>¡_¡ L$pfZ¡
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \pe R>¡ A_¡ A¡ kdS>hp L¡$ Ap NyZk|Óp¡_u NfbX$
\hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡dp„ L$B fus¡ NfbX$ \B iL¡$ A¡ dpV¡$ \B füp R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u ùv$e `f Akf L¡$hu fus¡ \pe R>¡ ?
kpdpÞe-s„vy$fõs ùv$e :
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p L$pfZ¡ \su NfbX$ kdS>hp kpdpÞe s„vy$fõs
ùv$e_u fQ_p A_¡ L$pe®\u dprlsNpf lp¡hy„ dv$v$ê$` b_¡ R>¡. ApL©$rs 7 dp„ ùv$e
A_¡ ùv$e_p Mp_p„, hpëhp¡ A_¡ f¼s_p¡ âhpl bsphhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. ùv$e_u
qv$hpgp¡ A¡L$ Mpk rhri›$ âL$pf_p õ_peyAp¡ Üpfp b_¡gu R>¡. S>¡_¡ dpep¡L$pqX®$ed
L$l¡ R>¡. ùv$e_p¡ Ap cpN (dpep¡=dkg=õ_pey, L$pqX®$ed = ùv$e) lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ AkfN°õs \pe R>¡.
s„vy$fõs (kpdpÞe ùv$e)
azà`yk hpëh
S>dÏ„ L$Z®L$
Óuv$g hpëh
S>dÏ„ n¡`L$
ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡
A^®Q„ÖpL$pf hpëh
X$pby„ L$Z®L$
qÜv$g hpëh
X$pby„ n¡`L$
b¡ n¡`L$ hÃQ¡_p¡
`X$v$p¡
f¼s_p âhpl_u qv$ip
ApL©$rs 7
ùv$e_u fQ_p A_¡ L$pe® :
kpdpÞe ùv$e_u A„v$f_u fQ_p_¡ ApL©$rs Üpfp bsphhpdp„ Aphu R>¡. A¡dp„
ùv$e_p Qpf Mp_p„ A_¡ Qpf hpëh bspìep R>¡. suf Üpfp gp¡lu L$B qv$ipdp„ hl¡ R>¡
s¡ bspìey„ R>¡. S>dÏ„ L$Z®L$ (fpBV$ A¡V²$ued) ApMp ifufdp„\u gp¡lu d¡mh¡ R>¡.
S>¡_¡ S>dZp n¡`L$dp„ dp¡L$g¡ R>¡ (fpBV$ h¡ÞV²$uL$g), S>¡ a¡akpdp„ `„` Üpfp gp¡lu_¡
Ap¸L$rkS>_> d¡mhhp ^L¡$g¡ R>¡. Ap iyÙ gp¡lu a¡akpdp„\u X$pbp L$Z®L$dp„ Aphi¡.
Ðep„\u s¡ X$pbp n¡`L$ Üpfp `„`]N \B ApMp ifufdp„ afu hm¡ R>¡. Ap fus¡ A¡L$ Q¾$
`|fy„ \pe R>¡.

ApL©$rs 8 dp„ A¡L$ kpdpÞe s„vy$fõs ùv$e A_¡ A¡dp„ \su rhÛyrse âq¾$ep_¡
bsphhpdp„ Apìep R>¡. ùv$e_p¡ v$f¡L$ ^bL$pf ùv$edp„ S> fl¡gp A¡L$ `¡k-d¡L$f
(Nrs QpgL$) Üpfp dp¡L$gpsp rhÛys k„L¡$s hX¡$ \pe R>¡. s¡ ùv$e_p AÞe cpNp¡dp„
afu hmsp„ ùv$e_y„ k„Ly$Q_ \pe R>¡ A_¡ gp¡lu ApNm ^L¡$gpe R>¡. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p L$pfZ¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡dp„ \e¡gu NfbX$ ¼epf¡L$ Ap
rh^ysk„L¡$s_p âhpldp„ v$Mg `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡. ùv$e_p A¡hp cpNp¡dp„ Ap rh^ys k„L¡$s
A[õ\f \B Åe R>¡. Äepf¡ A¡ õ_peyAp¡_p s„syAp¡ Åmp„ S>¡hp„ \e¡gp lp¡e
R>¡.apBb°p¡kuk A_¡ L$p¡jp¡ Aõsìeõs v$ipdp„ lp¡e R>¡. (qX$k A¡f¡). Ap_p L$pfZ¡
rhÛys k„L¡$s rcß rcß õhê$`¡ `lp¢Qsp„, ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp Ars TX$`u A\hp
AQp¡½$k A_¡ A[õ\f \B Åe R>¡.
ùv$e_p¡ AN°sd cpN
ApL©$rs 8
ùv$edp„ Dv¹$chsu kpdpÞe(_p¡d®g) rhÛys sf„N.
Ap rhÛys k„L¡$s S>dZp L$Z®L$dp„ `¡v$p \pe R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ kp„L¡$rsL$ suf). A¡_¡ hl_
L$fsu rhri›$ L$p¡j fQ_p_p dpmMp Üpfp, Ap rhÛys k„L¡$s ApMp ùv$edp„ afu
hm¡ R>¡ A_¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_y„ k„Ly$QQ_ (L$p¡ÞV²$p¼i_ ) iê$ \pe R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\uN°õs ùv$e
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\uN°õs ùv$e_u dy¿e Mpdu, A¡V$g¡ õ_peyAp¡_y„ h^pf¡
`X$sp ÅX$p \B S>hy„. (\uL$_]N). Ap ÅX$p \hp_u iê$Aps ìe[¼s_p
s{$Zphõ\p_p âpf„rcL$ sb½$pdp„ \B, A_¡ Äepf¡ A¡ `y¿s b_¡ Ðep„ ky^u Qpgy
fl¡ R>¡. A\p®s 14-15 hj®\u 20-21 hj®_u Jdf_p Npmpdp„. Ap `R>u Ap ÅX$p
\hp_u âq¾$ep kpdpÞe fus¡ \su _\u. `f„sy ¼epf¡L$ `pR>gu Jdfdp„ Ap õ_pey
L$v$pQ \p¡X$p `psmp `Z \hp gpN¡ R>¡. AdyL$ qL$õkpAp¡dp„ S> dp¡V$u Jdf v$frdep_
Ap õ_pey_y„ ÅX$p`Ï„ \hp_u i~$Aps \pe R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u rbdpfu_y„ gnZ
L$p¡B Mpk NyZk|Ó_u NfbX$ lp¡e Ðepf¡ S> Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap õ_peyAp¡_p
ÅX$p`Zp A\hp lpe`fV²$p¡au ¼ep„ \i¡, A¡_p¡ ìep` Sy>v$p¡ Sy>v$p¡ lp¡e R>¡. Å¡ L¡$ X$pby„
n¡`L$ dp¡V$pcpN¡ Ap ÅX$p`Zp\u O¡fpe S> R>¡. AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ S>dZp n¡`L$ `f
`Z A¡_u Akf \pe R>¡.
A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au
ApL©$rs 9 dp„ bspìep dyS>b S>¡ cpN_p ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_¡ h^pf¡dp„ h^pf¡ Ap
ÅX$p`Zp_u Akf \pe R>¡ s¡ k¡àV$ddp„ \pe R>¡. k¡àV$d A¡V$g¡ ùv$e_p X$pbp A_¡
S>dZp cpN_¡ Sy>v$u `pX$su ùv$e_u qv$hpg.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au rh^pDV$ Ap¡bõV²$L$i_
A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g
lpe`fV²$p¡au
(A¡.A¡k.A¡Q.)
s„vy$fõs dpBV²$g
hpëh
`p¡gpZdp„
OV$pX$p¡
ApL©$rs 9

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u : A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au rh^pDV$
Ap¡bõV²$L$i_ (A¡V$g¡ L¡$ X$pbp A_¡ S>dZp ùv$e hÃQ¡_u qv$hpg_u Ar_erds
fus¡ \e¡gu õ\|msp. S>¡dp„ f¼s_p¡ âhpl Ahfp¡^psp¡ _\u.) Ap ApL©$rsdp„
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u kp¥\u h^y Akf kpdpÞe fus¡ L$ep cpN `f
\pe R>¡ s¡ bspìey„ R>¡. S>¡ dyS>b k¡àV$d_p¡ D`f_p¡ cpN R>¡, Äep„ õ_peyAp¡ ÅX$p
\e¡gp R>¡. Apdp„ dpBV²$g hpëh A¡_u fpb¡sp dyS>b_u [õ\rsdp„ R>¡. s¡_u _p¢^ gp¡.
ApL©$rs 9 `f\u S>Zpi¡ L¡$ ùv$e_p X$pbp A_¡ S>dZp cpN_¡ Sy>v$p `pX$su qv$hpg
(k¡àV$d) `f S> kp¥\u h^y Akf \pe R>¡. Ap cpN_u ÅX$pB_p L$pfZ¡ gp¡lu
hl¡hp_p bpü dpN®dp„ k„L$X$pi \hp_y„ b_u iL¡$ R>¡. Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 10. AdyL$
v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ap ÅX$pB_p gu^¡ ùv$edp„\u ifufdp„ gp¡lu `lp¢QpX$su dlp^d_u
(A¡Ap¡V$p®)_¡ `lp¢Qsp f¼s_p `yfhW$pdp„ Ahfp¡^ Ecp¡ \B iL¡$.
Aphp qL$õkpAp¡dp„ Äepf¡ ùv$edp„\u k„Ly$Q_ Üpfp gp¡lu blpf ^L¡$gpe R>¡ Ðepf¡
dpBV²$g hpëh k¡àV$d (ÅX$u qv$hpg)_¡ õ`i} iL¡$ R>¡. kpdpÞe k„Å¡Np¡dp„ dpBV²$g
hpëh A_¡ k¡àV$d A bß¡ hÃQ¡ Mpku A¡hu S>Áep lp¡e R>¡. (ApL©$rs 9) gp¡lu
blpf S>hp_p Ap dpN®dp„ k„L$X$pi \hp\u gp¡lu blpf ^L¡$ghpdp„ v$Mg \pe R>¡.
A¡_p gu^¡ gp¡lu_p¡ âhpl DN° A_¡ Aip„s \pe R>¡ (V$fåeygÞV$) A_¡ ¼epf¡L$ A¡dp„
Ahfp¡^ `¡v$p \pe R>¡. Ap DN° A_¡ Aip„s âhpl_¡ L$pfZ¡ S>¡ AhpS> `¡v$p \pe R>¡
A_¡ õV¡$\p¡õL$p¡` Üpfp k„cmpe R>¡ s¡_¡ dd®f L$l¡ R>¡. Aphp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ dpBV²$g
hpëh_u kp^pfZ Np¡W$hZu (A¡b_p¡d®g `p¡Tui_)_¡ gu^¡ dpBV²$g hpëhdp„\u
"guL$' \pe R>¡. Ap_¡ dpBV²$g fuNÆ®V¡$i_ L$l¡ R>¡ A_¡ A¡ `Z dd®f `¡v$p L$fu iL¡$ R>¡.
Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 10.
ApL©$rs 10 :
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au rh\ Ap¡bõV²$L$i_
dpBV²$g hpëhdp„\u gp¡lu
"guL$' \pe R>¡. Ap_¡¡
dpBV²$g fuNÆ®V¡$i_ L$l¡ R>¡ .
S>¡_p\u blpf gp¡lu ^L¡$gphp_p
dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^ Aph¡¡ R>¡.
Ap_¡ kuõV$p¡guL$ A¡ÞV$ufueg
Ap¡a rdV²$g hpëh
(A¡k.A¡.A¡d.) L$l¡hpe R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u : A¡rkd¡qV²$L$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au hu\
Ap¡bõV²$L$i_.
Al] bspìep dyS>b, AdyL$ L¡$kdp„ k¡àV$d_u Ar_erds ÅX$pB_¡ L$pfZ¡ ùv$e
blpf ^L¡$gpsp gp¡lu_p âhpldp„ Ahfp¡^ DÐ`ß \pe R>¡. Sy>Ap¡, Ap ApL©$rsdp„
dpBV²$g hpëh k¡àV$d_¡ AX$L¡$ R>¡, S>¡_p\u gp¡lu blpf ^L¡$gphp_p dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^
Apìep¡ R>¡. Apdp„ dpBV²$g hpëhdp„\u \p¡Xy„$ gp¡lu `pRy>„ V$`L$sy„ v¡$Mpe R>¡. (dpBV²$g
qfNÆ®V¡$i_)
õ_peyAp¡_u ÅX$pB_p AÞe âL$pfp¡
AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ n¡`L$dp„ kfMp âdpZdp„ Ap ÅX$pB ìepá lp¡e R>¡. Ap_¡ rkd¡qV²$L$
A\hp L$p¡Þk¡ÞV²$uL$ g¡ãV$ h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf lpe`fV²$p¡au L$l¡ R>¡. Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 11. Ap
v$v$}Ap¡ dp„\u \p¡X$p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ (Apif¡ 10% S>¡V$gp) Ap ÅX$pB a¼s ùv$e_u V$p¡Q
A\hp ùv$e_p "A¡`¡n' _pd¡ Ap¡mMpsp cpN `|fsu dep®qv$s \e¡gu S>Zpe R>¡.
ApL©$rs 12
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ ùv$e_u L$pdNufu
Å¡ L¡$ ÅX$p õ_peyAp¡_y„ k„Ly$Q_ kp^pfZ fus¡ kpfy„ lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ ùv$edp„\u gp¡lu
kpfu fus¡ blpf a¢L$u iL¡$ R>¡. `Z lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \e¡gp Ap ÅX$p
õ_peyAp¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ kMs (õV$ua) \B Åe R>¡ A_¡ A¡d_y„ rhõsfZ _bmy„
lp¡e R>¡. Ap_p\u A¡d_p rhõsfZ dpV¡$ S>ê$qfeps_y„ v$bpZ (â¡if) h^pf¡ KQy„
lp¡e R>¡.
AdyL$ hMs¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ _l]hs¹ A\hp rbgLyg _l] A¡hu lpe`fV²$p¡au lp¡hp R>sp„
f¼s_p âhpl_¡ n¡`L$p¡dp„ S>hp dpV¡$ suh° dep®qv$ssp Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Aphp
qL$õkpAp¡_¡ f¡õV²$u¼V$uh L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p qL$õkpAp¡\u Sy>v$p `pX$hp_y„ dyíL¡$g lp¡e
R>¡. A_¡ Qp¡½$k r_v$p_ dpV¡$ Ap bß¡ âL$pfp¡dp„ dmsp sbubu gnZp¡_u AgN
gpnrZL$sp `f Ap^pf fpMhp¡ `X¡$ R>¡.
k|ÿdv$i®L$ e„Ó _uQ¡ ùv$e_p L$p¡j
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p L$p¡j_¡ k|ÿdv$i®L$ e„Ó Üpfp
Å¡sp„ v¡$Mpe R>¡ L¡,$ Ap L$p¡j kpdpÞe fus¡ kdp„sf Np¡W$hZu_¡ bv$g¡ Aõsìeõs
Np¡W$hZudp„ v¡$Mpe R>¡. Ap rhL©$rs_¡ (A¡b_p¡dp®guV$u) dpep¡L$pqX®$eg qX$kA¡f¡ L$l¡
R>¡. ApL©$rs 1. A¡hy„ A_ydp_ R>¡ L¡$, Ap L$p¡jp¡_u Aìeh[õ\s Np¡W$hZu_p gu^¡
ùv$edp„ Qpgsu rhÛys k„opdp„ v$Mg \pe R>¡ A_¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfpdp„
Ar_erdsspAp¡ \pe R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ ùv$edp„_p kpdpÞe(_p¡d®g) cpN
ùv$e_u AÞe rbdpfuAp¡dp„, S>¡_p Üpfp Akf `lp¢Q¡ R>¡ A¡hp ùv$e_p hpëh A_¡
ùv$e_u dy¿e L$p¡fp¡_fu ^d_uAp¡ (S>¡ ùv$e_¡ gp¡lu `|fy„ `pX¡$ R>¡) lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u rbdpfudp„ fpb¡sp dyS>b kpdpÞe (_p¡d®g) fl¡ R>¡.
ApL©$rs 11
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u :
rkd¡V²$uL$ lpe`fV²$p¡au. Ap
qL$õkpdp„ ApMp X$pbp n¡`L$dp„
v¡$Mpsu õ_peyAp¡_u ÅX$pB kfMp
âdpZdp„ ìepá \e¡gu R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
rkd¡V²$uL$ lpe`fV²$p¡au
rkd¡V²$uL$ A\hp
L$_k_V²$uL
lpe`fV²$p¡au
ApL©$rs 12
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u :
A¸r`L$g lpe`fV²$p¡au. Ap
âL$pf_u lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„\u
õ_peyAp¡_u ÅX$pB ùv$e_u V$p¡Q
"A¡`¡n' D`f S> dp¡V$pcpN¡ \pe
R>¡ -X$pbp n¡`L$dp„. ùv$e_y„
`p¡gpZ, _p_p Qufp S>¡hy„ S> flu
Ney„ R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
A¡`uL$g lpe`fV²$p¡qa
A¡r`L$g
lpe`fV²$p¡qa
_p_y„ `p¡gpZ
flu Åe R>¡

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u iê$Aps ¼epf¡ \pe R>¡ ?
lpe`fV²$p¡au S>Þd hMs¡ S> A\hp bpmhedp„ lp¡e R>¡. `f„sy Ap he v$frdep_
ùv$e kpdpÞe s„vy$fõs lp¡e A¡hy„ v¡$Mpe R>¡. L$p¡BL$ hMs sp¡ L$kyhphX$(õV$ug
b\®)_y„ L$pfZ `Z lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u lp¡e R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ riiy hedp„
(BÞaÞku) v$frdep_ `Z A¡ \pe R>¡ A_¡ Ðepf¡ L$ÞS>¡õV$uh lpV®$ a¡Bëef sfuL¡$
A¡_p gnZp¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡, S>¡ âpZOpsL$ `Z b_u iL¡$ R>¡. Å¡ L¡$ lpe`fV²$p¡¡au
kpdpÞe fus¡ ifuf_u h©qÙ kp\¡ k„L$mpe¡gu R>¡. A¡V$g¡ S> `pR>gp sb½$p_u
sê$Zphõ\p A\hp huk-A¡L$huk hj®_u `y¿s Jdf_u iê$Apsdp„ A¡_p gnZp¡
âNV$ \pe R>¡. Ap kde `R>u dp¡V$pcpN_p v$v$}Ap¡_p ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_u
ÅX$pBdp„ _p¢^`pÓ afL$ Aphsp¡ _\u.
Äepf¡ L$p¡B Ly$Vy„$b_u `y¿s he_u ìe[¼sdp„ Ap r_v$p_ \pe Ðepf¡ A¡_p
Ly$Vy„$buS>_p¡_u QL$pkZu v$frdep_ Ly$Vy„$b_p bpmL$p¡ A_¡ s{$Zp¡ `Z Ap
rbdpfu\u `uX$pe R>¡ L¡$ _l] A¡hu Ap¡mM \pe R>¡. S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Aphp L$p¥Vy„$rbL$
Brslpk _\u lp¡sp¡ A¡d_y„ r_v$p_ dd®f kp„cmhpdp„ Aphsp„ A\hp buÆ L$p¡B
AkpdpÞesp\u L¡$ `R>u kpdpÞe B.ku.Æ. s`pk A\hp BL$p¡ L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd_u
s`pk `R>u ÅZu iL$pe R>¡.
dp¡X¡$\u âNV$_pf fp¡N
AdyL$ gp¡L$p¡ Æh__u `pR>gu Ahõ\pdp„ `l¡gu S> hpf Ap rbdpfu_p gnZp¡
v¡$MpX¡$ R>¡. Ap_¡ "g¡BV$ Ap¡_k¡V$' lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L$l¡hpe R>¡. Ap
"g¡V$ Ap¡_k¡V$' X$u$kuThpmp v$v$}Ap¡_p gnZp¡ A_¡ kpfhpf _p_u Jdfdp„ gnZp¡
v¡$MpX$sp v$v$}Ap¡ kdp_ S> lp¡e R>¡. AdyL$ `qf[õ\rsAp¡dp„ `pR>gu Jdf¡ fp¡NN°õs
\_pfp v$v$}Ap¡_p Ly$Vy„$buAp¡_¡ huk hj®_u Jdf `R>u kdep„sf¡ Ap rbdpfu rhj¡
QL$pkZu L$fphsp fl¡hp_u kgpl Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L¡$hp gnZp¡ `¡v$p L$f¡ R>¡ ?
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u rbdpfudp„ S> v¡$Mpe A¡hy„ A¡_y„ A¡L$ `Z AÅ¡X$
gnZ A\hp aqfepv$ _\u. Apdp„\u L$p¡B `Z gnZ ¼epf¡ âNV$i¡, v$v$}_u
rbdpfu_p L$ep sb½$pdp„ v¡$Mpi¡ A¡_p„ L$p¡B L$pfZp¡ õ`ô$ _\u \ep. `R>u cg¡ _¡
A¡ rbdpfu kpfp A¡hp kde\u v$v$}_¡ lp¡e. A¡_p Adyg gnZp¡ _uQ¡ dyS>b R>¡ :

ðpk A\hp lp„a QY$hp¡
lp„a QY$hp_p A_¡ \pL$_p L$pfZ¡ L$kfs ndsp dep®qv$s b_u iL¡$ R>¡. dp¡V$pcpN_p
gp¡L$p¡dp„ L$kfsdp„ dep®v$p Aphhp_y„ lmhp âdpZdp„ S> lp¡e R>¡ `Z ¼epf¡L$ Ap
dep®v$p M|b S> suh° lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ cpÁe¡ S> Apfpd_u [õ\rsdp„ `Z lp„a L¡$ ðpk
QY$hp_y„ gnZ Å¡hp dmu iL¡$.
R>psudp„ vy$:Mphp¡
îd v$frdep_ \sp¡ R>psu_p¡ vy$Mphp¡ (A¡ÞÅB_p `Z L$l¡hpe R>¡), kpdpÞe fus¡
v¡$Mpsy„ gnZ R>¡. Apfpd_u [õ\rsdp„, KO v$frdep_ `Z A¡ lp¡e R>¡ A_¡ füp L$f¡
R>¡. AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ap vy$Mphp_y„ L$pfZ Ap¸[¼kS>_ `yfhW$p A_¡ ùv$e_p
õ_peyAp¡_u Ap¸[¼kS>__u S>ê$fs hÃQ¡_u Akdp_sp_¡ gu^¡ lp¡e R>¡. Apdp„
ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_¡ gp¡lu `|fy„ `pX$su L$p¡fp¡_fu ApV®$fuT, cg¡ s„vy$fõs
(_p¡d®g)lp¡e `Z ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_u A„v$f ky^u `lp¢Q¡gu Ap ^d_uAp¡ L$v$pQ
k„L$p¡X$pe¡gu lp¡B iL¡$ R>¡. A¡V$gp> dpV¡$ S> AdyL$ hMs¡, S>¡d L¡$ L$kfs v$frdep_,
ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_¡ `p¡sp_u S>ê$fs dyS>b âpZhpey_p¡ `yfhW$p¡ dmu i¼sp¡ _\u.
`ë`uV¡$i_-ùv$edp„ ^X$^X$pV$u
gp¡L$p¡_¡ ¼epf¡L$ ùv$edp„ A¡L$pv$p¡ h^y ^bL$pf A\hp Q|L$u Ne¡gp ^bL$pf_u gNZu
\pe R>¡. `Z A¡ kpdpÞe s„vy$fõs dpZk_¡ `Z \B iL¡$. `ë`uV¡$i_ A¡V$g¡ ùv$e
^bL¡$ R>¡ A¡ rhj¡_u kcp_sp. Ap OZp õhê$`¡ Å¡B iL$pe R>¡. AdyL$ qL$õkpAp¡dp„
Ap ^X$^X$pV$u Ap¡tQsp_u iê$ \B Åe. A¡ M|b S> suh° TX$`u lp¡e A¡hy„ gpN¡,
¼epf¡L$ A¡_u kp\¡ kp\¡ `ku_p¡ hmhp dp„X¡$ L¡$ dNS> Mpgu Mpgu \e¡gy„ gpN¡.
Aphp âk„N_y„ L$pfZ i¼e lp¡e sp¡ A¡ ip¡^u L$pY$u Qp¡½$k r_Z®e L$fu, A¡_u
kpfhpf L$fhu Å¡BA¡.
gpBV$ l¡X$¡X$_¡k A¡ÞX$ åg¡L$ ApDV¹$k (Q½f Aphhp A_¡ Ap„Mp¡
A„^pfp Aphhp)
dp\pdp„ dNS>dp„ Mpgu Mpgu gpNhy„ A_¡ A„^pfp„ Aphhp„. Ap [õ\rsdp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡
Mpgu Mpgu dNS>, Q½$f Aphhp A\hp h^y N„cuf fus¡ A„^pfp„ Aphu `X$u
S>hp_p¡ Al¡kpk \pe R>¡. Aphu OV$_pAp¡ L$kfs L$fsu hMs¡ b_¡, Ðepf¡ ùv$edp„
^X$^X$pV$u `Z \pe A\hp L$ip S> v¡$Musp L$pfZ L¡$ blp_p hNf `Z Aphy„ \B
iL¡$. Ap b^p_p L$pfZp¡ ld¡ip„ õ`ô$ fus¡ lp¡e A¡ S>ê$fu _\u. ¼epf¡L$ A¡ ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_¡ gu^¡ sp¡ ¼epf¡L$ f¼sv$bpZ _uQy„ Aphhp_¡ gu^¡ `Z
\pe. A¡ Mpgu Mpgu dNS> A\hp Mpk sp¡ A„^pfp„ Aphu S>hp_p âk„Np¡ rhi¡
`p¡sp_p X$p¸L$$V$f_¡ ÅZ L$fu_¡ A¡_p L$pfZ ip¡^u L$pY$hp Å¡BA¡.

qaTuL$g A¡L$Tpdu_¡i_(ipfuqfL$ s`pk)
dp¡V$pcpN_p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Qpgy sbubu s`pk v$frdep_ Mpk ÅZhpgpeL$ L$p„B
dmsy„ _\u A_¡ L$v$pQ ¼ep„L$ AkpdpÞe v¡$Mpe sp¡ A¡ `Z M|b S> Aõ`ô$ lp¡e
R>¡. OZp b^p v$v$}Ap¡_u _pX$u Ap„QL$p Ap`su S>¡hu A_¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp M|b S>
i[¼sipmu S>¡hp gpN¡, S>¡ R>psu_u X$pbu bpSy>A¡ `pdu iL$pe. Ap bß¡ bpbsp¡
k„Ly$Q_ `pdsp, ÅX$p \e¡gp ùv$e_u k|QL$ R>¡. ipfuqfL$ s`pkZu v$frdep_
gNcN 30 \u 40% S>¡V$gp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ k„cmpsu dd®f S> dy¿eÐh¡ rbdpfu_u
k|QL$ R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ r_v$p_ L¡$hu fus¡ \pe ?
Äepf¡ AdyL$ gnZp¡ v¡$Mpe, dd®f k„cmpe A\hp B.ku.Æ_u s`pkdp„ NfbX$
S>Zpe Ðepf¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u rbdpfu_p r_v$p_ rhj¡ rhQpf
L$fhp¡ Å¡BA¡. rbdpfuN°õs ìe[¼s, D`f S>Zph¡gp L$p¡B gnZp¡ gB_¡ Aph¡ sp¡
`Z, Aphp„ gnZp¡ sp¡ AÞe Aphu L¡$V$gue¡ rbdpfuAp¡dp„ `Z lp¡B i¼sp lp¡hp\u,
Ap_u Mpsfu dpV¡$ h^pfp_u s`pkp¡ AphíeL$ b_¡ R>¡.
Bg¡¼V²$p¡L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd (B.ku.Æ.)
B.ku.Æ. ùv$e_p rhÛys k„L¡$sp¡_p¡ Apg¡M R>¡. A¡ L$fhp dpV¡$ R>psu, L$p„X$p A_¡ O|„V$u
`f Bg¡¼V²$p¡X¹$k d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (ApL©$rs 13). lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u rbdpfudp„ B.ku.Æ. kpdpÞe`Z¡ õ_peyAp¡_p ÅX$p \hp_¡
gu^¡, s¡d S> õ_peyAp¡_u fQ_pdp„ Aìehõ\p \B S>hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ rhÛys k„L¡$sp¡dp„
NfbX$ \e¡gu v¡$MpX¡$ R>¡. R>sp„ gNcN 5-10% S>¡V$gp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ B.ku.Æ.dp„
Aphp `qfhs®_p¡ kph _Æhp„ A\hp N¡flpS>f lp¡e A¡hy„ `Z b_¡. hmu B.ku.Æ.
Üpfp v¡$Mpsu Ap NfbX$p¡ a¼s lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_¡ L$pfZ¡ S> lp¡B iL¡$
A¡hy„ _\u. A¡ sp¡ ùv$e_¡ gNsu AÞe rbdpfuAp¡dp„ `Z lp¡B iL¡$ R>¡.
ApL©$rs 13

BL$p¡ L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd A\hp BL$p¡
lh¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ r_v$p_ ùv$e_p AëV²$p kpDÞX$ õLµ$_
(ùv$e_u kp¡_p¡N°pau) Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡_¡ BL$p¡ L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd A\hp BL$p¡
L$l¡ R>¡. S>¡d B.ku.Æ. kgpds s`pk R>¡ s¡d Ap `Z k„`|Z® fus¡ kgpds s`pk
R>¡. Ap_p Üpfp ApL©$rs 9 \u 12dp„ bspìep dyS>b_p rQÓp¡ dm¡ R>¡, A_¡ S>¡ Üpfp
ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_u h^pfp_u ÅX$pB dp`u iL$pe R>¡.
h^pfp_y„$ D`L$fZ, X$p¡àgf AëV²$pkpDÞX$ ùv$edp„ hl¡sp gp¡lu_p âhpl_u f„Nu_
R>pep bsph¡ R>¡. A¡_p Üpfp$ ùv$e_u L$pdNufu_u ep¡Áe dprlsu dmu iL¡$ R>¡.
ApL©$rs 14
AphíeL$ lp¡e A¡hu A¡hu AÞe s`pkZuAp¡
gnZp¡ bpbs_u QL$pkZu L$fhp, k„crhs kdõepAp¡_p ce ÅZhp s\p î¡›$
kpfhpf _½$u L$fhp h^pfp_u s`pk L$fhp_u S>ê$rfeps lp¡e R>¡.
L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i_/A¡ÞÆAp¡N°pd :
S>¡d_¡ kpfhpf_u Akf \su _\u A¡hp ðpk-lp„a QY$su lp¡e A¡hp v$v$}Ap¡ dpV¡$
¼epf¡L$ L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i_ L$fphhy„ AphíeL$ b_¡ R>¡. Ap s`pkdp„ gp¡lu hl_
L$fsu _kdp„ A¡L$ _p_L$X$u _mu `kpf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (dp¡V$pcpN¡ `N_u V$p¡Q_p
cpNdp„ Aph¡gu _kdp„\u). Ap _mu A¡L$k-f¡_p dpN®v$i®_ l¡W$m ùv$edp„ v$pMg
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap _mu_u klpe Üpfp ùv$e_u A„v$f_p Syv$p Syv$p v$bpZp¡_y„ dp`
g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ ùv$e_u L$pe®-QL$pkZu ndsp _½$u L$fhp A¡¼k-f¡ qaëd
g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

S>¡d_¡ R>psudp„ vy$Mphp_u aqfepv$ lp¡e A¡hp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ap s`pk L$fsu hMs¡ A¡L$
X$pe L$p¡fp¡_fu ApV®$fuTdp„ v$pMg L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡\u Mbf `X¡$ L¡$ Ap L$p¡fp¡_fu
ApV®$fuT k„L$p¡Qpe¡gu R>¡ L¡$ _l].
Bg¡¼V²$p¡qaTuAp¡gp¡ÆL$g õV$X$uT (B.`u.A¡k.)
Ap L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i__p¡ A¡L$ Mpk âL$pf R>¡. S>¡dp„ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_u
rhÛysue [õ\fsp rhj¡ Qp¡½$k ÅZ \pe R>¡. Bg¡¼V²$p¡qaTuAp¡gp¡ÆL$g õV$X$uTdp„
A¡¼k-f¡_p dpN®v$i®_ l¡W$m `N_u V$p¡Q D`f_u rifp, lp\dp„\u A\hp
Mcpdp„_u _kp¡dp„\u A¡L$ `psmp¡ hpef ùv$edp„ v$pMg L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap
hpef_u klpe Üpfp ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p Sy>v$p Sy>v$p cpNp¡dp„ rhÛysue DÑ¡S>_p
Ap`hp\u ùv$e_u rhÛyshplL$ ìehõ\p, A¡_p¡ ip¡ ârscph Ap`¡ R>¡, s¡_u _p¢^
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
A¡L$kfkpBT V¡$õV$]N (ìepepd/L$kfs s`pk)
Apdp„ bperkL$g A\hp V²¡$X$dug_u L$kfs s`pk v$frdep_, L¡$V$gp âdpZdp„ Ap
L$kfs ndsp_u dep®v$p Aphu Åe R>¡ A_¡ kpfhpf_p¡ ip¡ ârscph `X¡$ R>¡, s¡_u
QL$pkZu L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap L$kfs_u s`pk_p gu^¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡dp„
L¡$Vgp¡ ky^pfp¡ A\hp rbdpfudp„ L¡$V$gu [õ\fsp L¡$ kdeNpmp bpv$ bNpX$p¡ _p¢^pep¡
R>¡, s¡_y„ e\p\® dp` _uL$m¡ R>¡.
lp¡ëV$f dp¡r_V$f
Ap V¡$õV$dp„ kh® lgQg Qpgy lp¡e Ðepf¡ 24 \u 48 L$gpL$_p Npmp v$frdep_
ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp L¡$hu fus¡ \pe R>¡ A¡_u km„N _p¢^ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (ApL©$rs 15)
Ap lp¡ëV$f$ dp¡_uV$f A¡L$ kpv$u A_¡ kgpds s`pk R>¡. S>¡_p Üpfp ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp (A¸qf^rdep) rhj¡ Qp¡½$k ÅZ \pe R>¡.
f¡qX$ep¡Þey¼gpBX$ õV$X$uT
Ap s`pkp¡dp„ M|b S> k|ÿd âdpZdp„ qL$fZp¡ÐkN® DÐ`ß L$fsp `v$p\p£ BÞS>¡L$i_
Üpfp Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡ `R>u A¡L$ rhri›$ âL$pf_p L¡$d¡fp Üpfp ùv$e_y„ k„Ly$Q_,
ùv$e_y„ cfphy„, ùv$e_u fQ_p A_¡ L$pdNufu s\p Apfpd A_¡ ìepepd_p kde
v$frdep_ ùv$e_¡ dm_pfp gp¡lu_p `|fhW$p rhj¡_u dprlsu Ap s`pk Üpfp dm¡ R>¡.

ApL©$rs 15
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u AkfN°õs ìe[¼sAp¡_y„
crhóe iy„ R>¡ ?
Ap rbdpfudp„ v$f¡L$ v$v$} hÃQ¡_p gnZp¡_u suh°sp A_¡ k„crhs Å¡Md_p ce
hÃQ¡ OZp¡ afL$ lp¡B iL¡$ R>¡. Qp¡½$k fus¡ L$lu iL$pe L¡$ Apdp„_p dp¡V$pcpN_p
v$v$}Ap¡_¡ `p¡sp_u rbdpfu\u L$p¡B dp¡V$p N„cuf âñp¡_p¡ kpd_p¡ L$fhp_p¡ âk„N _l]
Aph¡. `f„sy v$f¡L$ ìe[¼s_¡ ìe[¼sNs fus¡ QL$pku_¡ A¡ dyS>b A¡_¡ k|Q_p¡ Ap`u
iL$pe. Ap `y[õsL$p, Ap v$v®$_p fp¡NuAp¡_y„ cprh iy„ lp¡B iL¡$ A¡ S>Zphhp dpV¡$_u
A¡L$ ApR>u ê$`f¡Mp S> dpÓ Ap`u iL¡$ R>¡.
gnZp¡_u cps (`¡V$_® Ap¡a rkçV$çk)
gnZp¡ cpf¡ lp¡e L¡$ lmhp lp¡e, kpdpÞe fus¡ `y¿s Jdf \sp„ ky^u [õ\f õhê$`¡
fl¡ R>¡. AdyL$ ìe[¼sAp¡dp„ ApNm S>sp„ Æh_dp„ Ap gnZp¡dp„ h^pfp¡ \sp¡ v¡$Mpe
R>¡. `Z A¡_p L$pfZ dpV¡$ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp, ¾$di: h^y A½$X$
\sp S>sp ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡ A\hp S|>S> qL$õkpAp¡dp„ ùv$e_p k„Ly$Q__p OV$sp
S>sp bm_p L$pfZp¡ S>hpbv$pf lp¡e R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u Ecu \su kdõepAp¡
blz S> \p¡X$p qL$õkpAp¡dp„ Qp¡¼¼k âL$pf_u kdõepAp¡ `¡v$p \pe R>¡ S>¡hu L¡$ :
A¡qf^rdepT : ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp
A¡qf^duepT, A¡V$g¡ L¡$ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp. Ap A¡L$ kpdpÞe fus¡
Ecu \su kdõep R>¡. Apdp„ R>psudp„ ^X$^X$pV$u S>¡hy„ gnZ âNV$ \pe R>¡.
A¡L$kfkpBT V¡$$õV$]N A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L$kfs s`pk A\hp lp¡ëV$f dp¡r_V$f]N Üpfp$ A¡_y„
r_v$p_ L$fu iL$pe R>¡. Ap A¡qf^rdepdp„_p h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf V¡$L$uL$pqX®$ep (n¡`L$p¡dp„
Dv¹$ch¡) A\hp A¡V²$ueg qab°ug¡i_ A¡ Mpk dlÐh_p„ R>¡ A_¡ A¡d_p¡ BgpS>
L$fhp_u S>ê$f `X$u iL¡ R>¡.
A¡V²$ue$g qab°ug¡i_ (A¡.A¡a.)
ùv$e_p¡ kpdpÞe, r_erds ^bL$hp_p¡ ge Mp¡hpB S>B Ar_erds, Ars TX$`u
ge `¡v$p \pe R>¡, S>¡ AphÅ L$fsu (A¡`ukp¡qX$L$) `¡fp¡¼kuTdg A¡V²$uAg
qab°uL¡$i_ A\hp õ\peuê$`¡ fl¡ R>¡. A¡V²$u$g qab°ug¡i__p gu^¡ Æh_ `f Msfp¡
cg¡ Ecp¡ _ \pe,`f„sy L$Z®L$_p kpdpÞe k„Ly$Q__p Acph_¡ L$pfZ¡ Ap
L$Z®L$p¡dp„ gp¡lu_p NÌ$p Ådhp_y„ A_¡ A¡ NÌ$p_¡ gu^¡ `nOps/gL$hp¡/õV²$p¡L$
\hp_y„ Å¡Md Ecy„ \pe R>¡. hp¸fa¡fu_ S>¡hu NÌ$p ârsfp¡^L$ (A¡ÞV$u L$p¡ÁeygÞV$)
v$hpAp¡ gp¡lu_¡ `psmy„ L$fu_¡ Ap õV²$p¡L$_u i¼espAp¡ Ap¡R>u L$f¡ R>¡. ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp Ars TX$`u lp¡hp\u v$v$}_¡ ¼epf¡L$ ðpk QY¡$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp_u Nrs OV$pX$su v$hpAp¡ `Z Ap`hu `X¡$ R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ rhÛys Ap„QL$p¡ A¡V$g¡
L¡$ Bg¡¼V²$uL$g L$pqX®$ep¡hS>®__u klpe Üpfp$ ùv$e_u Nrs_p ge_¡ kpdpÞe (_p¡d®g)
b_phhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Å¡ Ap kpfhpf L$fhu lp¡e sp¡ S>_fg A¡_¡õ\¡riep Ap`hp_u
S>ê$f `X¡$ R>¡.
A¡ÞX$p¡L$pqX®$qV$k
Ap ùv$e_¡ gNsp¡ A¡L$ Q¡` R>¡. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡_¡ Ap
¼epf¡L$ S> \pe R>¡. afsp fl¡sp f¼s_p âhpl_¡ gu^¡ MfbQX$u \B Ne¡gu ùv$e_u
A„v$f_u k`pV$u `f f¼sdp„ fl¡gp S>„syAp¡ Qp¢V$u Åe R>¡. S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ blpf gp¡lu
a¢L$sp dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^ lp¡e, A¡d_¡ Ap rbdpfu gpNy `X$hp_u i¼esp h^y lp¡e R>¡.
S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡_p ùv$edp„ dd®f k„cmpsu lp¡e A¡d_¡ v$p„s A\hp i÷q¾$ep_¡ gNsp
L$p¡B `Z L$pe® L$fsp„ `l¡gp„ A¡ÞV$u bpep¡qV$¼k v$hpAp¡ Ap`hu Å¡BA¡.

lpV®$ ågp¡L$
ùv$edp„ DÐ`ß \e¡gp rhÛys k„L¡$s n¡`L$p¡dp„ ^ud¡\u `lp¢Q¡ A\hp ¼epf¡L$ kph S>
Ahfp¡^pB Åe A¡_¡ lpV®$ ågp¡L$ L$l¡ R>¡. Ap cpÁe¡ S> b_su hps R>¡. R>sp„ Äepf¡
`Z Aphy„ \pe Ðepf¡ ùv$edp„ `¡k-d¡L$f b¡kpX$hy„ `X¡$. (kpfhpf_p AÞe âL$pf
S|>Ap¡)
iy„ kpÅ \B S>hy„ i¼e R>¡ ?
ApS>_u spfuMdp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u dpV¡$ kpÅ \B S>hp S>¡hp¡ L$p¡B
BgpS> _\u, A¡V$gy„ S> _l], A¡hu L$p¡B kpfhpf _\u S>¡_p\u ùv$e `p¡sp_u s„vy$fõs
[õ\rsdp„ `pRy>„ Aphu Åe. Ap n¡Ódp„ k„ip¡^_ Qpgy R>¡. S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p riL$pf b_hp_p R>¡ A¡d_p NyZk|Óp¡ `f L$pd L$fu A¡_y„ hl¡gy„
r_v$p_ L$fu Ap lpe`fV²$p¡au AV$L$phhp_p `Ngp„ Üpfp Apdp„ âNrs Aphu iL¡$ R>¡.
kpfhpf-
Ap rbdpfudp„ kpfhpf_p¡ l¡sy gnZp¡dp„ ky^pfZp A_¡ kdõepAp¡_¡ AV$L$phhp_p¡
R>¡. gnZp¡dp„\u fpls A`phhp dpV¡$ OZp âL$pf_u kpfhpf D`gå^ R>¡.
dp¡V$pcpN_u ìe[¼sAp¡ S>¡d_pdp„ gnZp¡ lp¡sp _\u A\hp _l] S>¡hp lp¡e R>¡
A¡d_p dpV¡$ kpfhpf_u S>ê$f _\u lp¡su. `Z S>¡d_¡ gnZp¡ R>¡ A¡hp v$v$}Ap¡_u
kpfhpf A¡d_¡ X$pbp n¡`L$dp„\u gp¡lu W$pghphp_p bpü dpN®dp„ L$p¡B Ahfp¡^ R>¡ L¡$
_l], A¡_p `f Ap^pf fpM¡ R>¡.
klz â\d Ap¥j^p¡`Qpf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. lpgdp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u kpfhpf dpV¡$ ÅsÅs_u v$hpAp¡ D`gå^ R>¡. crhóedp„ `Z
_hu v$hpAp¡ Aphi¡. kpfhpf_u S>êqfeps A_¡ kpfhpf_p¡ âL$pf ìe[¼sNs fus¡
_½$u L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡ S> ìe[¼s_u kpfhpfdp„ kdep„sf¡ `qfhs®_ \B iL¡$ R>¡.
b¡V$p ågp¡L$k®
kpdpÞe fus¡ h`fpsu v$hpAp¡
b¡V$p ågp¡L$k® v$hpAp¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Nrs OV$pX¡$ R>¡ A_¡ A¡_p k„Ly$Q__y„ bm
OV$pX¡$ R>¡. Ap v$hpAp¡\u dp¡V$pcpN¡ R>psu_p vy$:Mphpdp„ fpls, ðpk QY$hpdp„ A_¡
R>psu_u ^X$^X$pV$udp„ fpls \pe R>¡. sbubu kpfhpfdp„ Ap b¡V$p ågp¡L$k®_p¡
ùv$e_u AÞe rbdpfuAp¡dp„ A_¡ KQy„ f¼sv$pb OV$pX$hpdp„ `Z D`ep¡N \pe R>¡.
¼epf¡L$ Å¡ ùv$e_p¡ ^bL$pfp_p¡ v$f h^y `X$sp¡ OV$u Åe sp¡ \pL$ gpN¡ R>¡. b¡V$p
ågp¡L$k® OZp âL$pf_p R>¡. A¡dp„ Mpk lp¡e A¡hp âp¡âp_p¡gp¡g, AV¡$_p¡gp¡g,
kp¡V$pgp¡g R>¡. S>¡d_¡ v$d_u rbdpfu R>¡ A¡hp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ b¡V$p ågp¡L$k® k„cpmu_¡

hp`fhp `X¡$ R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ Å¡ sd¡ b¡V$p ågp¡L$k® g¡sp lp¡ sp¡ \pL$ A\hp kyõsu,
KOdp„ NfbX$, W„$X$u_u F>sydp„ lp\-`Ndp„ vy$Mphp¡ hN¡f¡ \pe R>¡. Apdp„\u L$p¡B
`Z Akf lp¡e sp¡ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_u kgpl gp¡.
L¡$ëiued A¸ÞV$pNp¡_uõV¹$k :
kpdpÞe fus¡ h`fpsu v$hpAp¡dp„ buÅ õ\p_¡ Aphsu dy¿e v$hp L¡$ëiued
A¸ÞV$pNp¡_uõV¹$k A\hp L¡$ëiued Q¡_g ågp¡L$k® R>¡. Ap kd|ldp„\u h¡fp`prdg
_pd_u v$hp lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ kp¥\u h^pf¡ h`fpe R>¡. ùv$e_p
õ_peyAp¡_u A½$X$sp(õV$ua_¡k) OV$pX$u, A¡ ùv$e `|fy„ cfpe A¡ L$pdNufu L$f¡ R>¡.
s¡ kp\¡ b¡V$p ågp¡L$k®_u dpaL$ S> R>psudp„ vy$:Mphp¡, ðpk-lp„a QY$hp A_¡ R>psudp„
^X$$^X$pV$u \hu, Ap gnZp¡dp„ `Z OV$pX$p¡ L$f¡ R>¡. A¡ b¡V$p ågp¡L$k®_u S>¡d
h¡fp`prdg_p L$pfZ¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_p¡ v$f M|b S> OV$u iL¡$ A_¡ f¼s v$bpZ
Ap¡Ry>„ \B iL¡$ R>¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ S>Zp_pfu ApX$Akfp¡dp„ \pL$, _uQy„ f¼s v$bpZ,
dp\p_p¡ vy$Mphp¡, L$bÆeps A_¡ O|„V$u `f kp¡Å v¡$Mpe R>¡. Ap`_¡ Ap `¥L$u_u L„$B
`Z Akf \B lp¡e sp¡ sdpfp X$p¡L$V$f_u kgpl g¡hu Å¡BA¡.
^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_u ârs v$hpAp¡ (A¸ÞV$u A¡qf^rdL$ X²$Ák)
Ap v$hpAp¡ cpf¡ Ar_erdssp S>¡hu L¡$ h¡V²$u¼eygf V¡$L$uL$pqX®$ep S>¡hu lp¡e R>¡. Ap v$hp
ìe[¼sNs qL$õkpdp„ A¡_p¡ BgpS> L$fhp_u Aphíe¼sp S>Zpe Ðepf¡ Ap`hpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. ey.L¡$.dp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p Aphp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ A¡rdAp¡X¡$fp¡_
kp¥\u h^y âQrgs v$hp R>¡. A¡ blz S> AkfL$pfL$ v$hp R>¡. Ap¡tQsp_y„ dfZ \B
S>hp_y„ âdpZ OV$pX$hp dpV¡$ A¡_p¡ D`ep¡N kp¥\u h^y \pe R>¡. A¡_p gu^¡ A¡qV²$eg
qab°ug¡i__y„ âdpZ `Z OV¡$ R>¡. A¡ cg¡ M|b AkfL$pfL$ R>¡, R>sp„ A¡_u
ApX$Akfp¡ `Z Å¡fv$pf R>¡. S>¡d L¡$ k|e®-âL$pi âÐe¡ h^y Apmpi(k¡ÞkuV$uhuV$u)
(b¡qfef ¾$uçk_p D`ep¡N Üpfp A¡ Akfdy¼s \B iL$pe) A_¡ A¡_u \pBfp¡BX$
N°„\u_p L$pe® `f Akf (A¡ Akfp¡ õ\peuê$`¡ _\u lp¡su `Z gp¡lu_u s`pk Üpfp
A¡_p `f _S>f fpMhu `X¡$ R>¡). Ap âL$pf_u ApX$Akfp¡ S>Zpe sp¡ X$p¸L$V$f_u
kgpl g¡hu.
A¡ÞV$uL$p¡A¡ÁeygÞV¹$k
S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ L$hrQs A\hp gNpspf fus¡ A¡V²$ueg qab°ug¡i_ lp¡e s¡d_¡ A¡ÞV$u
L$p¡A¡ÁeygÞV¹$k g¡hp `X¡$ R>¡. (gp¡lu `psmy„ L$f_pfu v$hpAp¡). S>¡\u L$Z®L$p¡dp„
gp¡lu_p NÌ$p _ \pe. Ap_p dpV¡$ kp¥\u h^y D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpsu Np¡mu R>¡ hp¸fa¡fu_.
hp¡fa¡fu_ g¡sp v$v$}Ap¡_p gp¡lu_u s`pk iê$Apsdp„ Ahpf_hpf A_¡ Äepf¡
ìe[¼sNs fus¡ A¡_p ep¡Áe âdpZdp„ Aphu Åe Ðepf¡ gNcN v$f drl_¡ A¡L$ hpf
L$fphhu `X¡$ R>¡. hp¡fa¡fu_ L¡$V$gu dpÓpdp„ Ap`hu A¡_y„ âdpZ v$f¡L$ dpZkdp„ Sy>vy„$
lp¡e R>¡. A¡_p `f _S>f fpMsp fl¡hp\u ep¡Áe dpÓpdp„ A`pe R>¡ A¡_u Mpsfu fl¡

R>¡. Äepf¡ h^pf¡ `X$sp¡ f¼s÷ph A\hp Y$udZp„ S>¡hp rQŒp¡ S>Zpe Ðepf¡ Ap
v$hp_u dpÓp h^pf¡ `X$su R>¡ A¡hp¡ ¿epg Aph¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf_p L$p¡B gnZ v¡$Mpe
Ðepf¡ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f A\hp Aphu v$hp Ap`su A¡ÞV$u L$p¡A¡ÁeygÞV$ ¼gur_L$_p¡
k„`L®$ $ kp^hp¡.
X$peeyf¡qV$L¹$k (hp¡V$f V¡$bg¡V¹$k)
AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ âhplu_p¡ cfphp¡ _p¢^pe R>¡. Aphp hMs¡ X$peeyf¡qV$L¹$k Ap`hpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡\u `¡ipb_y„ âdpZ h^¡.
Bg¡¼V²$uL$g L$pqX®$ep¡hS>®_ :
kpfhpf_p AÞe âL$pfp¡
Ap kpfhpfdp„ R>psu `f rhÛys_p¡ lmhp¡ Ap„QL$p¡ Ap`hp\u A¡qV²$eg qab°ug¡i_
b„^ \B iL¡$ R>¡. Ap âep¡N S>_fg A¡_¡õ\¡riep Ap`u_¡ S> L$fpe. OZu hMs Ap
L$pqX®$ep¡hS>®_ h^y kpfp¡ D`pe fl¡ R>¡. A¡_p gu^¡ gp„bpNpmp ky^u A¡ÞV$u L$p¡ÁeygÞV$
v$hpAp¡ Ap`hp_u S>ê$fs V$pmu iL$pe R>¡.
`¡k-d¡L$f
ApNm hZ®ìep dyS>b Äepf¡ rhÛys k„L¡$s n¡`L$p¡ ky^u `lp¢Qu iL$sp¡ _\u Ðepf¡
v$v$}_p ùv$edp„ `¡k-d¡L$f b¡kpX$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Apdp„ R>psu_u QpdX$u _uQ¡ A¡L$
_p_L$Xy$„ bp¡n fpMhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„\u _uL$msp `psmp hpef v$v$}_u _kdp„\u
`kpf L$fu_¡ ùv$edp„ `kpf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp r_erds
L$fhp lp¡e Ðepf¡ A¡ S>ê$fu rhÛys k„L¡$s ùv$e_¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. Ap âep¡N L$fhp dpV¡$
gp¡L$g A¡_¡õ\¡V$uL$ A_¡ v$v$}_¡ spZ dy¼s L$fhp lmhy„ r_Öp-â¡fL$ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡
R>¡.
ùv$e bv$gu (lpV®$ V²$pÞkàgpÞV¡$i_$)
M|b S> \p¡X$p v$v$}Ap, S>¡d_p ùv$e_u `ç`]N q¾$epdp„ N„cuf bNpX$p¡ lp¡e, s¡d_p
dpV¡$ ùv$e bv$gu_y„ Ap¸`f¡i_ S>ê$fu b_¡ R>¡.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u(Ahfp¡^ kp\¡ \su)_u kpfhpf
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p Apif¡ 25% S>¡V$gp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ ùv$e blpf gp¡lu
a¢L$psp dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^ lp¡e R>¡. Ap Ahfp¡^_p L$pfZ¡ R>psudp„ `uX$p, lp„a-ðpk
A_¡ d|R>p® S>¡hp gnZp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap_p gu^¡ A¡V²$ueg qab°ug¡i_ S>¡hu ^bL$pfp_u
Ar_erdssp `Z \hp_u k„cph_p h^¡ R>¡. Ap Ahfp¡^ kp\¡_u lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$

L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u kpfhpf dpV¡$ âp\rdL$ sb½$pdp„ A¡hu v$hpAp¡ R>¡ S>¡ ùv$e_p
k„Ly$Q__y„ Å¡f OV$pX¡$ R>¡. b¡V$p ågp¡L$k® kp¥\u h^y h`fpsu v$hpAp¡ R>¡. Å¡ b¡V$p
ågp¡L$k® AkfL$pfL$ _ _uhX¡$ sp¡ kp^pfZ`Z¡ ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp OV$pX$hp
h`fpsu v$hp X$pBTp¡`pBfpdpBX$ hp`fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, S>¡ Ap gnZp¡dp„\u fpls
A`phhpdp„ AkfL$pfL$ _uhX$u iL¡$ R>¡. A¡_u kpdpÞe ApX$Akfp¡dp„ dp¡Yy„$ A_¡
Ap„M k|L$phu, L$bÆeps A_¡ `¡ipb L$fhpdp„ \su dyíL¡$gu R>¡. Å¡ sd_¡ Apdp„\u
L$p„B \pe sp¡ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_u kgpl gp¡.
kÆ®L$g dpep¡¼V$p¡du (õ_pey `f i÷q¾$ep)
S>¡ ìe[¼sAp¡dp„ gnZp¡ M|b S> N„cuf lp¡e A_¡ v$hp\u A¡dp„ fpls _ \su lp¡e
A¡hp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ap `Ùrs hp`fhp_p¡ rhQpf L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Mpk sp¡ A¡hp
v$v$}Ap¡ S>¡dp„ X$pbp n¡`L$_p gp¡lu a¢L$hp_p dpN®dp Ahfp¡^ lp¡e. Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 10
Ap Ap¸`f¡i_ v$frdep_ kS>®_ k¡àV$d_p ÅX$p \B Ne¡gp cpNdp„\u \p¡X$p¡ cpN
L$p`u_pM¡ R>¡. S>¡\u bpü âhpl dpV¡$_p¡ dpN® `lp¡mp¡ \sp„ gp¡lu_p âhpl_p¡
Ahfp¡^ AV$L¡$.
Apdp„\u L¡$V$gpL$ v$v$}Ap¡_p dpBV²$g hpëhdp„ `Z Mpdu lp¡B iL¡$ R>¡. Å¡ A¡hy„ lp¡e
sp¡ D`gu i÷q¾$ep v$frdep_ dpBV²$g hpëh_u bv$gu_y„ Ap¸`f¡i_ `Z kp\¡
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
ApëL$p¡lp¡g k¡àV$g A¡åg¡i_ :
Ap `Ùrsdp„ Ap¡`_ lpV®$ kS>®fu L$ep® hNf S> k¡àV$d_p D`gp cpN_u ÅX$pB v|$f
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap k¡àV$d_p D`gp cpNdp„ gp¡lu `|fy„ `pX$su L$p¡fp¡_fu ^d_u_u
A¡L$ _p_L$X$u ipMpdp„\u ApëL$p¡lp¡g_y„ ÖphZ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡ ùv$e_p
õ_pey_p k„`L®$dp„ Aph¡ A¡V$gp cpN_p¡ _pi L$fu _pM¡ R>¡. Ap âep¡N v$frdep_
L$uqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i__p S>¡hu S> `Ùrs gp¡L$g A¡_¡õ\¡V$uL$ Ap`u_¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡
R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ `p_y„ 17). ¼epf¡L$ Ap âep¡N `R>u v$v$}Ap¡_¡ `fd¡_ÞV$ `¡k-d¡L$f
b¡kpX$hy„ `X¡$ R>¡. sdpfp ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps Ap_p rhj¡ rhNshpf kdÅhu iL¡$
R>¡. Ap bß¡ `ÙrsAp¡dp„ Å¡Md R>¡, A¡V$gp dpV¡$ S> Ahfp¡^ kp\¡_u lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p N„cuf gnZp¡ ^fphsp v$v$}Ap¡dp„ S> A¡_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡.
X$éyAg Q¡çbf `¡k-d¡L$f

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p
AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ahfp¡^_p
gnZp¡ a¼s `¡kd¡L$f d|L$hp\u S>
v|$f \B i¼sp lp¡e R>¡. spS>¡sf_p
`qfnZp¡ Üpfp S>Zpey„ R>¡ L¡$, Ap
`¥L$u AdyL$ V$L$p v$v$}Ap¡_¡ S> `¡kd¡L$f
d|L$hp\u fpls \pe R>¡.
A¡V$g¡ `¡k-d¡L$k® lh¡ A¡hp
v$v$}Ap¡dp„ S> d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡
S>¡d_¡ dpV¡$ Ap `¡k-d¡L$f d|L$phhp
dpV¡$ AÞe L$pfZp¡ lp¡e. v$p.s.
ùv$e_p ^bpL$pfp_p¡ ^udp¡ v$f
A\hp Äepf¡ ApëL$p¡lp¡g
Ap¡åg¡i_ A\hp kÆ®L$g
dpe¡¼V$p¡du_u kpfhpf L$fu
iL$hp_y„ L$p¡B fus¡ i¼e _ lp¡e.
ApL©$rs 16
ApL$[õdL$ dfZ
Ars Aë` k„¿ep_p lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ Ap¡tQsp S>
dfZ `pdhp_p¡ Msfp¡ h^y lp¡e R>¡. A¡_p dpV¡$ L$p¡B S> Q¡shZu A\hp blz Ap¡R>u
Q¡shZu dmsu lp¡e R>¡. Ap¡tQsp_y„ ùv$e dfZ (L$pqX®$epL$ X¡$\) ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_¡ L$pfZ¡ \sy„ lp¡e R>¡. (Äepf¡ ùv$e Ars TX$`¡ A_¡
d_aph¡ s¡d ^bL¡$) S>¡ `R>u ^bL$hp_y„ S> b„^ L$fu v¡$ R>¡. A¡V$g¡ L¡$ L$pqX®$e¡L$ Af¡õV$.
S>¡_¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ lpV®$ A¡V¡$L$ L$l¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡, A¡_p L$fsp„ Ap Sy>v$y„ R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$
lpV®$ A¡V¡$L$dp„ ùv$e_¡ gp¡lu `|fy„ `pX$su ^d_uAp¡ b„^ `X$u Åe R>¡ A_¡ Ap L$pfZ¡
ùv$e_¡ dmsp¡ Ap¸[¼kS>_ b„^ \pe R>¡.
ApL$[õdL$ d©Ðey Aphsy„ fp¡L$hy„ :
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p¡ kp¥\u h^y X$fpdZp¡ ce Ap¡tQsp_y„ d©Ðey R>¡.
`Z Ap OV$_p M|b S> S>h‰¡ b_u iL¡$ R>¡. dp¡V$pcpN_p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ A¡d \sy„
AV$L$phu iL$pe R>¡. Ap^yr_L$ `qfnZp¡ Üpfp S>Zpey„ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡_¡ Ap âL$pf_u
kdõep_p¡ Msfp¡ R>¡, A¡d_u Ap¡mM âdpZdp„ kpv$u A_¡ rb_lpr_L$pfL$ s`pkp¡
Üpfp \B iL¡$ R>¡. S>¡d L¡$ A¡çåeyg¡V$fu Bg¡¼V²$p¡L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd, A¡L$kfkpBT V¡$õV$ A_¡
BL$p¡ L$pqX®$ep¡N°pd. Ap¡tQsp_y„ dfZ \hp dpV¡$ L$pfZê$` `qfbmp¡_u Ap¡mM R>¡ :
N„cuf âL$pf_u g¡ãV$ h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf lpe`fV²$p¡au(X$pbp n¡`L$_u ÅX$pB), AL$pfZ
\su Y$mu `X$hp_u OV$_pAp¡(L$p¡g¡àk), Aõ\peu õhê$`¡ v¡$Mpsp h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf

V¡$L$uL$pqX®$ep (Ap Qp¡huk L$gpL$_p ^bL$pfp_y„ kss `qfnZ L$fhpdp„ Aphsp„
`L$X$psp h¡ÞV²$uL$g_p Ar_erds ^bL$pfp R>¡). L$kfs v$frdep_ f¼sv$bpZdp„
\_pfp A_A`¡rns a¡fapf (S>¡d L¡$ L$kfs v$frdep_ f¼sv$bpZ h^hy„ Å¡BA¡
A¡V$gy„ h^¡ _l] A\hp L$v$pQ Ap¡Ry>„ `Z \B Åe.) A_¡ Ly$Vy„$bdp„ Ap¡tQsp dfZ
\B S>hp_u OV$_pAp¡_p¡ `|h® Brslpk.
Å¡ v$v$}_¡ Ap¡tQsp d©Ðey_p Msfp_u h^y i¼esp lp¡e sp¡ kpfhpf sfuL¡$ v$hp
(A¡duAp¡X¡$fp¡_ - S>¡ `l¡gp hps \B NB) A\hp BçàgpÞV¡$bg L$pqX®$ep¡hV®$f
qX$aub°ug¡V$f (ApB.ku.X$u.)_p¡ D`ep¡N L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$ep âL$pf_u kpfhpf
`Ùrs_p¡ h`fpi L$fhp¡ A¡ v$f¡L$ L¡$kdp„ ep¡Áe rhQpfZp bpv$ S> _½$u \pe R>¡.
BçàgpÞV¡$bg L$pqX®$ep¡hV®$f qX$aub°ug¡V$f (ApB.ku.X$u.)
(ApL©$rs 17)
`¡k-d¡L$f L$fsp„ \p¡Xy„$ dp¡Vy„$ bp¡n R>psu_p D`f_p cpN_u QpdX$u _uQ¡ b¡kpX$hpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. lp„kX$u_p lpX$L$p„ (¼g¡huL$g bp¡_) _uQ¡ Aph¡gu rifpdp„\u ùv$e_u
S>dZu bpSy>A¡ hpefp¡ dp¡L$ghpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap hpefp¡_p¡ A¡L$ R>¡X$p¡ ùv$e_p
õ_peyAp¡ A_¡ buÅ¡ R>¡X$p¡ Ap bp¡n kp\¡ Å¡X¡$gp lp¡e R>¡. dp¡V$pcpN¡ gp¡L$g
A¡_¡õ\¡V$uL$ Ap`u_¡ Ap q¾$ep L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ `Z ùv$e `p¡sp_u kpdpÞe
rhÛys q¾$ep Nydph¡ R>¡ Ðepf¡, Ap ApB.ku.X$u. A¡_u _p¢^ g¡ R>¡ A_¡ ep¡Áe A¡hu
rhÛys k„h¡v$_p `|fu `pX¡$ R>¡.

ApL©$rs 17
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u Æh_i¥gu `f iy„ âcph `X¡$ R>¡ ?
L$kfs-ìepepd
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u ^fphsu OZu ìe[¼sAp¡_u Æh_i¥gudp„ Mpk
afL$ _\u `X$sp¡. L¡$V$guL$ ìe[¼sAp¡ _¡ lp„a S>¡hp gnZp¡ v¡$Mpe A_¡ A¡d_¡ A¡d
gpN¡ L¡$ s¡d_u S> he S>¡V$gu ìe[¼sAp¡ S>¡V$gp¡ îd A\hp L$pd s¡Ap¡ _\u L$fu
i¼sp. ipfuqfL$ îd L$fsp„ `l¡gp„ A¡d_¡ sbubu kgpl g¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$
gp¡L$p¡_¡ õ`^p®ÐdL$ fdsNds A\hp dl¡_s dpNu g¡ A¡hu ipfuqfL$ L$kfsp¡ L$fsp„
`l¡gp„ X$p¡L$V$f_u kgpl g¡hu Å¡BA¡.
gpBa BÞõeyfÞk -Æh_hudp¡
ùv$e_u L$p¡B `Z rbdpfu_u S>¡d Æh_hudp_y„ L$hQ d¡mhhp dpV¡$ dyíL¡$guAp¡ `X$u
iL¡$ A_¡ hudp_p v$f hudp¡ g¡_pf `f Aphg„b¡. Apdp„ ^ A¡kp¡kuA¡i_ Ap¡a

°uV$ui BÞõep¡fk® (A¡.bu.ApB.) _y„ hgZ A¡hy„ R>¡ L¡$, s¡Ap¡ L$p¥Vy„$buL$ Brslpk
A_¡ ìe[¼s_¡ gNsu sbubu dprlsu `f\u _½$u L$f¡ R>¡.
Æ_¡V$uL$ V¡$õV$]N bpbs¡ A¡.bu.ApB._u õ`ô$sp A¡hu R>¡ L¡$, _hp¡ hudp¡ g¡hp
dpNsp gp¡L$p¡_¡ s¡Ap¡ Æ_uV$uL$ V¡$õV$ L$fphhp dpV¡$ _l] L$l¡. `Z Å¡ Ap _hp¡ hudp¡
g¡hp dpNsp gp¡L$p¡ `p¡s¡ S> Äepf¡ `Z L$p¡B Æ_¡V$uL$ V¡$õV$ L$fph¡ Ðepf¡ Ap V¡$õV$_p
`qfZpdp¡ rhj¡ A¡d_u L„$`_u_¡ dprlsNpf L$f¡, rkhpe L¡$ Æh_hudp L„$`_u_y„ Ap
bpbsdp„ L$p„B AgN k|Q_ lp¡e.
L$p¥Vy„$rbL$ `qfnZ :
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡_p dp¡V$pcpN_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ â\d _ÆL$_p
kNp„ S>¡hp L¡$ dp-bp`, cpB-bl¡_ A\hp k„sp_. A¡dp„\u Ap¡R>pdp„ Ap¡R>u A¡L$
ìe[¼ssp¡ Ap rbdpfu\u N°õs lp¡e S> R>¡. A¡V$gp dpV¡$ L$p¡B_y„ `Z r_v$p_ â\d hpf
Aph¡ Ðepf¡ Ap rbdpfu_u QL$pkZu A¡_p kp¥\u _ÆL$_p Ly$Vy„$buAp¡dp„ L$fphhu
Å¡BA.Ap rbdpfu L$p¡B `Z Ås_p gnZp¡ âNV$ _ L$fsu lp¡hp\u Ap âL$pf_u
L$p¥Vy„$rbL$ QL$pkZu L$fphhp_y„ Ýep_ fpMhp_y„ blz dlÐh_y„ b_u Åe R>¡. Ap
QL$pkZudp„ A¡L$ X$p¸L$V$fu s`pk, A¡L$ B.ku.Æ. A_¡ BL$p¡ L$fphhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
A¡L$pv$ ìe[¼sdp„ Äepf¡ L$p¡B A¡L$ NyZk|Ó(Æ_)_u Mpdu `fMpB Aph¡ Ðepf¡
â\d L$np_p(_ÆL$_p)k„b„^uAp¡dp„ Ap S> Æ__u s`pk L$fphu g¡hu Å¡BA¡.
dp¡V$pcpN_u `y¿s he_u ìe[¼sAp¡dp„ Å¡ D`f S>Zph¡gu s`pkp¡_y„ `qfZpd L$p¡B
NfbX$ _ v¡$MpX¡$ sp¡ rbdpfu_u k„cph_p _L$pfu v¡$hpe. a¼s \p¡X$p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ fp¡N_y„
L$p¡B bpü rQŒ _ lp¡hp R>sp„ bNX¡$gp NyZk|Ó (A¡å_p¡d®g Æ_) lp¡hp i¼e R>¡.
Ap [õ\rsdp„ Aphp Æ_ ^pfZ L$f_pf ìe[¼s cg¡ _¡ Ap lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p L$p¡B gnZp¡ _ v¡$MpX$su lp¡e, R>sp„ s¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p Æ_ `p¡sp_u ApNgu `¡Y$u_¡ Ap`u iL¡$ R>¡.
s¡ R>sp„ bpmL$p¡dp„ sp¡ r_erds sbubu s`pk L$fphsp„ fl¡hy„ Å¡BA¡. Äep„ ky^u
gNcN huk hj®_u J¡df \B A¡d_p ipfuqfL$ rhL$pk_p¡ sb½$p¡ `|fp¡ _ \B Åe.
L$pfZ L¡$ `y¿s he \sp„ `l¡gp„ gnZp¡ OZu hpf âNV$ \sp _\u. AkfN°õs
hpgu_p bpmL$p¡, S>¡d_pdp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p L$p¡B `Z gnZ lÆ
_\u, A¡d_¡ kgpl Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ L¡$ v$f ÓZ hj£ s{$Zphõ\pA¡ `lp¢Ãep
ky^u A¡ Aphu sbubu QL$pkZu L$fph¡. A_¡ `R>u v$f hj£ A¡V$g¡ gNcN 20
hj®_u he ky^u s`pkZu L$fph¡. S>¡dp„ v$f hMs¡ B.ku.Æ. A_¡ BL$p¡_u s`pk
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ S>.

B_l¡qfV$Þk - hpfkp¡
iy„ bpmL$p¡ `¡v$p L$fhp Å¡BA¡ ?
A¡ õ`ô$ R>¡ L¡$ S>¡d_¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u R>¡ s¡hp gp¡L$p¡_¡ `p¡sp_p
k„sp_p¡dp„ sp¡ Ap rbdpfu _l] Dsf¡_¡, A¡hu tQsp lp¡e R>¡. Ap_p dpV¡$
kpdpÞeuL$fZ L$fsy„ L$p¡B rh^p_ L$fu iL$pe _l]. v$f¡L$ L¡$k A¡_u ìe[¼sNs fus¡
d|ghhp¡ Å¡BA¡. v$p.s. S>¡ Ly$Vy„$bdp„ Ap¡V$p¡Tp¡dg X$p¡rd_ÞV$ `¡V$_® dyS>b Ap
rbdpfu_p¡ hpfkp¡ Ap`hpdp„ Apìep¡ R>¡ (ApL©$rs 2) A¡dp„ A¡L$ hpgu `p¡sp_p
bpmL$_¡ Ap hpfkp¡¡ Ap`i¡ A¡hu i¼esp v$f b¡ dp„\u A¡L$dp„ R>¡. AÞe qL$õkpAp¡
S>¡dp„ Ap h„i`f„`fpNs_u âZpgu _\u A¡hp Ly$Vy„$bp¡dp„ `Z AkfN°õs hpgu Üpfp
A¡_p k„sp_dp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \hp_u i¼esp `Z A¡V$gu S>,
A¡V$g¡ L¡$ v$f b¡ dp„ A¡L$_u R>¡.
^pfp¡ L¡$ k„sp_dp„ Ap NyZk|Ó_p¡ hpfkp¡ Aph¡ R>¡, sp¡ `Z A¡_p `f \_pfu Akf
rcß rcß lp¡B iL¡$. Ap hpfkpNs rbdpfu L¡$V$gu N„cuf lp¡B iL¡$ A¡_y„ A_ydp_
L$fhp dpV¡$ L$p¡B Qp¡½$k fus _\u. kpdpÞe fus¡ A¡hy„ L$lu iL$pe L¡$ Aphp bpmL$p¡
`y¿s he_p„ \pe Ðep„ ky^u lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u lp¡hp_y„ L$p¡B rQŒ _
v¡$Mpe, sp¡ Ap bpmL$p¡_¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \hp_u i¼esp _l]hs¹
lp¡e R>¡.
Ncp®hõ\p A_¡ kyhphX$
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u `uX$psu ÷uAp¡ Ncp®hõ\p_¡ kpfu fus¡ _cphu
iL¡$ R>¡ A_¡ kgpds lp¡e R>¡.
`Z S>¡d ùv$e_u AÞe rbdpfuAp¡\u `uX$psu ÷u_¡ Ncp®hõ\pdp„ h^pfp_y„ Å¡Md
fl¡sy„ lp¡e R>¡, s¡hy„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ `Z \pe R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$
Ncp®hõ\p v$frdep_ ùv$e `f L$pd_p¡ h^pfp_p¡ bp¡Å¡ Aph¡ R>¡.
AdyL$ ÷uAp¡dp„ Ncp®hõ\p v$frdep_ â\dhpf S> gnZp¡ âNV$ \pe R>¡. A\hp
A¡d_p gnZp¡dp„ h^pfp¡ \ep¡ lp¡e A¡hy„ A_ych¡ R>¡. A¡ rkhpe Nc®^pfZp_u
iê$Apsdp„ A_¡ Ncp®hõ\p v$frdep_ `Z v$hpAp¡ g¡hp_p¡ âñ Ecp¡ \pe R>¡. Ap
b^p L$pfZp¡kf Nc®^pfZ L$fsp„ `l¡gp hl¡gu sL¡$ Ap b^p âñp¡_u R>ZphV$
sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f kp\¡ L$fu g¡hu Å¡BA¡. Ap rbdpfu_p AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ B`uX$éyfg_p
gu^¡ f¼sv$pbdp„ OZp¡ b^p¡ OV$pX$p¡ _p¢^pe R>¡. A¡V$g¡ sdpfp âk|rs r_óZps
X$p¡L$V$f_¡ sdpfu Ap rbdpfu rhj¡ Mbf lp¡hu Å¡BA¡.

_erds âL$pf_u sbubu k„cpmdp„ L$ep X$p¡L$V$f kpd¡g lp¡hp Å¡BA¡ ?
a¡rdgu X$p¡L$V$f A\hp S>_fg â¡L$V$ui_f(Æ.`u.) v$f hMs¡ A¡dp„ kdprhô$ lp¡hp
Å¡BA¡. kpdpÞe fus¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ r_v$p_ ùv$efp¡N r_óZps
Üpfp \ey„ lp¡e R>¡. A¡V$g¡ kdep„sf¡ \su s`pkZudp„ A¡ `Z kdprhô$ lp¡hp
Å¡BA¡. Ap_p dpV¡$_u Qp¡½$k ìehõ\p v$f¡L$ W¡$L$pZ¡ AgN Sy>v$u Sy>v$u lp¡B iL¡$,
A_¡ ìe[¼sNs v$v$} `f `Z Ap^pf fpM¡ R>¡. kp^pfZ fus¡ Ap rbdpfu\u `uX$psp
gp¡L$p¡A¡ hj®dp„ A¡L$ hMs sbubu s`pk L$fphhu S>ê$fu R>¡.
Apdp_p„ \p¡X$p gp¡L$p¡ S>¡d_¡ h^y gnZp¡ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡d_¡ Ap¥jq^ kpfhpf_u S>ê$f `X¡$
R>¡, s¡d_p dpV¡$ kdep„sf s`pkp¡_u h^y S>ê$f `X¡$ R>¡. iê$Aps_p r_v$p_ dpV¡$_p
`qfnZp¡ bpv$ h^y s`pkp¡ dpV¡$_u S>ê$fs_p¡ Ap^pf ìe[¼s, õ\pr_L$ `qf[õ\rs
A_¡ L$iy„L$ _hy„ \ey„ lpe, A¡ b^u bpbsp¡ `f fl¡ R>¡.
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ dp_rkL$ hgZ_u A_yL|$msp
sd¡ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\uN°õs R>p¡ A¡ r_v$p_ blz `uX$pL$pfL$ R>¡, R>sp„ e dp¡V$pcpN_p
v$v$}Ap¡ Ap r_v$p__u N„cufsp_¡ `Qphu Åe R>¡. `qf[õ\rs kp\¡ A_yL|$m \B
S>hp_u Ap`Zu v$f¡L_u Sy>v$u fusp¡¡ lp¡e R>¡. Apdp„ L$p¡B A¡L$ dpN® kpQp¡ A_¡ L$p¡B
dpN® Mp¡V$p¡ A¡hy„ L$lu iL$pe _l]. iê$Aps_p sb½$pAp¡dp„ ApOps, Nyõkp¡ A_¡
Arhðpk S>¡hu gpNZuAp¡ \hu õhpcprhL$ R>¡. spZ, ce A_¡ tQsp, S>¡hu
gpNZuAp¡ Ap`Z_¡ Ap`Zu Æh_i¥gu_u `y_:s`pk L$fhp A_¡ `qfhs®_
L$fhp â¡f¡ R>¡, dpV¡$ S> v$f¡L$ âL$pf_u spZ Ap`_p dpV¡$ _yL$kp_L$pfL$ R>¡. A¡ hps
kpQu _\u. Apd R>sp„ Äepf¡ Ap âL$pf_u gpNZuAp¡ drl_pAp¡ ky^u Qpgy fl¡ L¡$
Ap`Z_¡ A¡dp„ X|$b¡gp fpM¡, Ðepf¡ A¡_y„ "A¢ÁTpeV$u A_¡ qX$â¡i_' A¡hu kpfhpf
ep¡Áe rbdpfu sfuL¡$ r_v$p_ L$fu iL$pe.
g„X$__u k¡ÞV$ Äep¡S>® lp¸[õ`V$gdp„ L$fpe¡gp A¡L$ Aæepkdp„ A¡hy„ S>Zpey„ lsy„ L¡$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡dp„\u b¡ `„Qdp„i cpN_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ "A¢ÁTpeV$u
qX$kAp¡X®$f' (dp_rkL$ tQsp) A_¡ A¡L$ `„Qdp„i gp¡L$p¡dp„ "qX$â¡i_' (lspip)_u
rbdpfu kp\¡ lsu. Ap a¼s ìepLy$msp, NdNu_u A\hp vy$:M_u S> gpNZu
_lp¡su. AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡_¡ ipfuqfL$ k„b„^p¡dp„ `Z sL$guap¡_p¡ A_ych \sp¡ lsp¡.
`Z Apfp¡Áe k„b„r^s kgplL$pfp¡ Å¡X¡$ Ap kdõepAp¡_u QQp® L$fhpdp„ s¡Ap¡
dyíL¡$gu A_ychsp lsp.
A¢ÁTpBV$u (rQ„sp) iy„ R>¡ ?
Ap dp_rkL$ sZphdp„ ipfuqfL$ A_¡ dp_rkL$ gnZp¡ lp¡e R>¡. sd¡ Å¡
A¢ÁTpBV$u_p riL$pf lp¡ sp¡ sd_¡ kss tQsp_u gpNZu A_ychsp, kv$pe

\pL¡$gp, A¡L$pN°sp_p Acphhpmp, rQqX$ep \B iL$p¡ R>p¡ A\hp sd_¡ bfpbf
KO _ Aphsu lp¡B iL¡$ R>¡. sZphN°õs gp¡L$p¡_¡ R>psudp„ ^X$^X$pV$u, h^y `fk¡hp¡,
TX$`u `Z D`fR>‰u ðk_q¾$ep, Q½$f Aphhp, b¡lp¡iu, õ_peyAp¡_p¡ vy$Mphp¡,
A`Qp¡, TpX$p hN¡f¡ gnZp¡ v¡$Mpe R>¡. Ap b^p gnZp¡ kdÆ g¡hpdp„ Aph¡ A_¡
A¡_u tQsp_p QL$fphp_p gu^¡ gpNZuAp¡_y„ s„Ó r_f„Ly$i b_u Åe. Ap_p\u
`uX$psp gp¡L$p¡ `p¡sp_u gpNZuAp¡ buÅ gp¡L$p¡ `pk¡ L$v$pQ d_¡ "`pNg' kdS>i¡ A¡
ce\u ìe¼s L$fsp„ AQL$pe R>¡. rQX$uep`Zp_¡ gu^¡ S>¡ gp¡L$p¡ sd_¡ Qplsp lp¡e
A¡d_u kp\¡ `Z Oj®Z \pe R>¡. A_¡ suh° lW$ugu Ap spZN°õssp\u `uX$psp
gp¡L$p¡ vy$r_ep_¡ `Z AÙf fpM¡ R>¡.
spZN°õssp-A¢ÁTpBV$u dpV¡$ iy„ L$fhy„ ?
L$p¡BL$_u `pk¡ hpsQus L$$fu_¡ lmhp \hy„ A¡ Ap_p kdp^p__y„ â\d `Ngy„ R>¡.
rdÓp¡ A_¡ k„b„^uAp¡ Apv$i® lp¡B iL¡$ `Z ¼epf¡L$ kph AÅZu ìe[¼s `pk¡ S>B
hps L$fhu h^y Apkp_ lp¡e R>¡. A¡dp„ `Z L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u\u `uX$psp buÅ gp¡L$p¡
kp\¡ hps L$fhp\u AV|$gp`Zp_u qv$hpg s|V$u Åe R>¡. Å¡ A¡dp„ `|fsu k„¿epdp„
gp¡L$p¡ Å¡X$pe¡gp lp¡e sp¡ õhe„ klpe S|>\p¡_u fQ_p `Z D`L$pfL$ \B iL¡$ R>¡.
spZfrls \hp_u rhrh^ `ÙrsAp¡ Ap `ÙrsAp¡ sZphN°õssp_¡ L$pbydp„ fpMhp
D`ep¡Nu \B iL¡$. sZphfrls \hp_y„ iuMhp dpV¡$_u `Ùrs A¡ ^udu âq¾$ep R>¡.
S>¡d r`ep_p¡ hNpX$sp„ iuMhy„ ^udy„ R>¡ A_¡ A¡dp„ `Z r_erdssp lp¡hu S>ê$fu R>¡
_l] L¡$ Äepf¡ L$V$p¡L$V$u Aphu `X¡$ Ðepf¡ S> Ap `Ùrs_p¡ Ap^pf g¡hpe. Apfp¡Áe
klpe Å¡X¡$ k„b„r^s ìehkpreL$p¡ Ap spZdy[¼s_u `ÙrsAp¡ iuMhu iL¡$. A¡_p
dpV¡$_p `yõsL$p¡ A_¡ V¡$`_u dv$v$\u `Z Apd L$fhy„ i¼e R>¡. (_uQ¡ Sy>Ap¡) AdyL$
qL$õkpAp¡dp„ A¡hy„ b_¡ L¡$ Ap spZ_p d|rmep„ KX$p lp¡e A_¡ S>X$d|m\u L$pY$hp dpV¡$
kpeL$p¡\¡fp`u_u S>ê$f `X¡$ A_¡ A¡d L$fsp„ AW$hpqX$epAp¡ L¡$ drl_pAp¡ `Z gpN¡.
X$p¸L$V$fp¡ L$epf¡L$ A¢ÁTpeV$u_u kpfhpf dpV¡$_u v$hpAp¡ `Z gMu Ap`¡ R>¡, S>¡ AdyL$
qL$õkpAp¡dp„ dv$v$ê$` r_hX¡$. r_Öpâ¡fL$ Np¡muAp¡ (V²$pÞL$hugpBTfk®) S>¡d L¡$
h¡gued (b¡X$Tp¡X$pepTu`uÞk_p¡ A¡L$ âL$pf) blz S> AkfL$pfL$ R>¡ `Z gNcN
Qpf¡L$ kápl_p r_erds h`fpi bpv$ A¡_u Apv$s `X$u iL¡$. V|„$L$pNpmp_p D`Qpf
sfuL¡$ A¡ blz D`ep¡Nu R>¡. `Z gp„bu kpfhpf dpV¡$ A¡_p¡ h`fpi _ \hp¡ Å¡BA¡.
lW$ugu sZphN°õssp (¾$p¡r_L$ A¢ÁTpeV$u) dpV¡$ A¡ÞV$u qX$â¡iÞV¹$k (lspipfp¡^L)$
v$hpAp¡ ¼epf¡L$ L$pfNs r_hX¡$ R>¡.
qX$â¡i_-lspip iy„ R>¡ ?
L$ipL$\u kph Ópku S>hy„ A\hp ìer\s \B S>hy„ S>¡hu gpNZuAp¡ gp„bp¡ kde
fl¡su _\u A_¡ Ap`Zp fp¡Æ„v$p Æh_dp„ Ahfp¡^L$ \su _\u. `Z Äepf¡ Aphu
gpNZuAp¡ gp„bp kde ky^u S>mhpB fl¡ A_¡ Ap`Zp Æh__¡ N„cuf fus¡
Ahfp¡^¡ Ðepf¡ Ap`Z¡ L$lu iL$uA¡ L¡$ Aphu ìe[¼s "sbubu lspip'_p¡ cp¡N b_u

R>¡. Ap âL$pf_u sbubu lspip drl_pAp¡ ky^u Qpëep S> L$f¡ A_¡ ifuf A_¡
d__p„ OZp„ b^p„ L$pep£ `f A¡_p¡ âcph `X¡$ S>¡\u KOdp„ Mg¡g, Aê$Qu S>¡hp
gnZp¡ kp\¡ Æh_ Æhhp S>¡hy„ _\u A¡hp rhQpf Apìep L$f¡. Ap lspip ^ud¡
^ud¡ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ Ap`Z_¡ Mbf `Z _\u `X$su L¡$ Ap`Z¡ L¡$V$gp lspi R>uA¡.
¼epf¡L$ sp¡ Ap`Z¡ a¼s Ap`Zp„ ipfuqfL$ gnZp¡ `f S> h^pf¡ Ýep_ Ap`uA¡
R>uA¡, Ap`Zu dp_rkL$ v$ip `f _l]. R>psudp„ vy$Mphp¡ A¡ A¡L$ A¡hy„ ipfuqfL$
gnZ R>¡ S>¡ lspip_u rbdpfuAp¡_p âpÁV$é_y„ rQŒ R>¡. Ap lspip A_¡
kpdpÞe`Z¡ âNV$ \su ìe\p bß¡ hÃQ¡ afL$ R>¡. Äepf¡ sd_¡ S>Zphhpdp„ Aph¡ L¡$
sdpfu rbdpfu_y„ r_v$p_ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u R>¡ Ðepf¡ sd¡ sd_¡ \su gpNZuAp¡
sb½$phpf õhuL$pf A_¡ kdp^p_dp„\u `kpf \pe R>¡. Äepf¡ lspip_p¡ `X$R>pep¡
drl_pAp¡ ky^u A¡hp¡ S>¡ A¡hp¡ S> Ap`Zu D`f Tmy„bsp¡ lp¡e.
lspip-qX$â¡i_ dpV¡$ iy„ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ ?
lmhp âL$pf_u lspip dpV¡$ kss L$pe®iug fl¡hp_u Æh_`Ùrs AkfL$pfL$ R>¡.
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u lp¡hp\u sd¡ M|b S> ApL$fu L$kfsp¡ _ L$fu iL$p¡ `Z S>¡ âh©rÑ
L$fu iL$pe L¡$ _l] A¡ rhj¡ sd¡ AQp¡½$k lp¡ sp¡ X$p¸L$V$f_u kgpl gB iL$p¡ `f„sy
A¡_p¡ A\® A¡ _\u \sp¡ L¡$ sd¡ kph âh©rÑ hNf_p b_u ÅAp¡. lspipN°õs
v$v$}Ap¡ `p¡sp_p ifuf sfa Ýep_ Ap`hp_y„ S> R>p¡X$u v¡$, s¡Ap¡ hS>_ Nydphsp Åe
A_¡ ifuf dpV¡$ AphíeL$ `p¡jZ `fÐh¡ vy$g®n L$fsp \B Åe. lspip\u `uqX$s
OZp„ gp¡L$p¡_¡ KOhpdp„ sL$gua \pe R>¡. KOdp„ NfbX$ \hp\u sd¡ dfu _\u S>sp,
dpV¡$ KOdp„ NfbX$ \pe sp¡ A¡_p dpV¡$ blz tQrss \hp_u S>ê$f _\u lp¡su. s¡ R>sp„,
Å¡ cp¡S>_ A_¡ KO_u V¡$h fpb¡sp dyS>b fl¡ sp¡ sdpfy„ dp_rkL$ hgZ-dyX$ bfpbf
fl¡ R>¡. v$pê$_p k¡h_\u Ap`Z_¡ Myiu dmsu lp¡e A¡hy„ gpN¡ `Z hpõshdp„ A¡
r_fpipâ¡fL$ R>¡. L¡$V$gpL$ Aæepk v$frdep_ S>Zpey„ R>¡ L¡$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p
v$v$}Ap¡ v$pê$ sfa hm¡ R>¡. S>¡_p\u A¡d_p gnZp¡dp„ s¡Ap¡ spÐ`yfsu fpls A_ych¡
R>¡ `Z kfhpm¡ hõsy[õ\rs h^pf¡ bNX¡$ R>¡.
Äepf¡ `Z lspip_p L$pfZ¡ sdpfp ip¡M_u âh©rÑAp¡, kpdpƼ k„b„^p¡ A_¡
ìehkpe `f Akf `X¡$, sd¡ A¡d dp_sp \B ÅAp¡ L¡$ Æh_ Æhhp S>¡hy„ _\u,
A_¡ Äepf¡ Aphu b^u gpNZuAp¡ gp„bp kde ky^u fl¡ Ðepf¡ sdpf¡ sdpfp
a¡rdgu X$p¸L$V$f_¡ dmu_¡ dv$v$ dpNhu Å¡BA¡. Apdp„ OZu hpf ìehkpreL$
klpe_u S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡. dp¡V$pcpN¡ a¡qdgu X$p¸L$V$f S> sdpfu kpfhpf õhê$`¡
hpsQus_u `Ùrs, A¡ÞV$u qX$â¡iÞV$ Np¡muAp¡ A\hp Ap bß¡ `ÙrsAp¡_p¡ Apifp¡
g¡ R>¡. `Z A¡L$ spgudbÙ kgplL$pf (L$pDÞk¡gf) A\hp sdpfu ÅZusu
ìe[¼s `pk¡ hps L$fhp L$fsp„ d_p¡rQqL$ÐkL$ (\¡fp`uõV)$ `pk¡ hps L$fhp_y„ h^y
Apkp_ R>¡. kpeL$p¡\¡f`u_p ^Zp b^p âL$pf R>¡. L$p¡‚uV$uh \¡f`udp„ sdpfp
rhQpfp¡_p b„^pfZ_¡ s`pkhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ A_¡ sdpfp qX$â¡i__p d|mdp„ fl¡gp
rhQpfp¡ `f L$pby d¡mhhp_y„ iuMhhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. X$pe_¡rdL$ A_¡ BÞV$f `k®_g
\¡f¡`uAp¡dp„ sdpfp AÞe ìe[¼sAp¡_u kp\¡_p k„b„^p¡ rhj¡ Å¡hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap
b^u "k„hpv$' (V$p¡L$]N \¡fp`u) `ÙrsAp¡dp„ sdpf¡ OZp b^p AW$hpqX$epAp¡_p

kÓp¡ v$frdep_ sdpfp L$pDk¡gf_¡ dmhp `R>u S> sd¡ A¡dp„ ky^pfZp_p¡ A_ych
L$fu iL$p¡ A¡V$gp¡ kde gpN¡ R>¡.
suh° A\hp lW$ugp lspip_p fp¡Ndp„ lspip ipdL$ (A¡ÞV$u qX$â¡kÞV$) v$hpAp¡_p
h`fpi\u apev$p¡ \pe R>¡. sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_¡ sdpfp dpV¡$ v$hp gMhp_p rhL$ë`
\p¡X$p OV¡$ R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$ sd_¡ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u R>¡, `Z sd_¡ S>ê$f lp¡e sp¡ A¡ v$hp
gMu sp¡ iL¡$ S> R>¡$. Ap lspip ipdL$ v$hpAp¡_u Akf sd_¡ S>Zpsp„ `Z
AW$hpqX$epAp¡ _uL$mu Åe R>¡. Ap lspip ipdL$ v$hpAp¡ dNS>dp„ `¡v$p \sp
Þeyfp¡V²$pÞkduV$k® _pd_p fkpeZp¡ `f âcph `pX¡$ R>¡. Ap_p¡ A\® A¡ _\u L¡$
lspip A¡ A¡L$ dpÓ fpkperZL$ OV$_p S lp¡e, A¡_p¡ dNS>_u fkperZL$
âq¾$epAp¡ `f \p¡X$p _Æhp ky^pfpAp¡_u A¡_u ApMu L$pdNufu D`f_u âcphL$
apev$pL$pfL$ Akf R>¡. AdyL$ S|>S> gp¡L$p¡_¡ kpBqL$epV²$uõV$ (d_p¡fp¡N sS>o) A\hp
dp_rkL$ Apfp¡Áe S|>\_p kæe lp¡e A¡hu h^y r_óZps ìe[¼s_u dv$v$_u S>ê$f
`X¡$ R>¡.
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u dpV¡$ Mpk dv$v$ :
L$pqX®$Ap¡dpep¡`\u S>¡hu lW$ugu rbdpfuAp¡dp„ A¡ S>ê$fu R>¡ L¡$ v$v$} `p¡s¡ S> `p¡sp_p¡
r_óZps b_¡. Aphu rbdpfuAp¡dp„ A¡_p rhi¡ AdyL$ X$p¸L$V$fp¡ L$fsp„ OZp v$v$}Ap¡_¡
S> h^pf¡ ÅZL$pfu lp¡e R>¡. Ap hps ipfuqfL$ fus¡ îy„MgpÐdL$ âNrs (kuL$hugu)
s¡d S> gpNZuS>Þe bpbsp¡_¡ `Z gpNy `X¡$ R>¡. Ap r_v$p_ \e¡gp AÞe v$v$}Ap¡
kp\¡ k„hpv$(Q¡V$]N)_y„ dlÐh Ad|ëe R>¡. Aphu rbdpfuAp¡ dpV¡$_u Mpk
[¼g_uL$p¡dp„ L$pd L$fsp X$p¸L$V$fp¡ A_¡ _kp£ `pk¡ Ap_p rhj¡ blp¡mp¡ A_ych A_¡
kdS>v$pfu_y„ cp\y„ lp¡e R>¡. h^y kpfu fus¡ kpeL$p¡gp¡ÆL$g kpfhpf d¡mhhp_p¡ öp¡s
ip¡^hp¡ dyíL¡$g lp¡B iL¡$ `Z Äepf¡ sd_¡ dv$v$_u S>ê$f lp¡e Ðepf¡ sdpf¡ A¡_u ip¡^
sp¡ L$fhu S> `X¡$. dp¡V$p cpN_p gp¡L$p¡ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u bpbs kdp^p_ õhuL$pfu g¡
R>¡ `Z AdyL$ gp¡L$p¡_¡ \p¡X$u h^pf¡ dv$v$_u S>ê$f lp¡e R>¡. Ap \p¡X$p gp¡L$p¡ `¥L$u_p sd¡
Å¡ A¡L$ lp¡ sp¡, sdpf¡ sdpfp a¡rdgu X$p¸L$V$f_¡ h^y klpe A`phhp dpV¡$ `|R>hy„
Å¡BA¡.
`yõsL$p¡
h^y rhNsp¡ dpV¡$ :
A¢ÁTpBV$u A¡ÞX$ qX$â¡i_-g¡ML$ : fp¡bV®$ âuõV$ (d¸L$X$p¡_pëX$ A¡ÞX$ L„$`_u)
X$p¡ÞV$ `¡_uL$ : A NpBX$ Vy$ Ap¡hf L$d]N `¡_uL$ A¡V¡$L$k¹ g¡ML$ õey b°¡V$p¡_
(d¸L$X$p¡_ëX$ A¡ÞX$ L„$`_u)
guh]N rh\ auef - g¡ML$ BõkpL$ dpL®$ (d¸L$ N°p¡ rlg)
`uk äp¡d _fhk kaf]N - g¡ML$ : ¼g¡f hu¼k¹ (A¸ÞNk A¡ÞX$ fp¡bV®$k_)
k¡ëa l¡ë` ap¡f ep¡f _h®k¹ - g¡ML$ ¼g¡f hu¼k ( A¸‚k A¡ÞX$ fp¡bV®$k_)

V¡$`-L¡$k¡V$p¡
L$ÞV²$p¡g ep¡f V¡$Þi_, gpBa õL$uëk, bp¸d¡_ lpDk, 6 rb‰¡V$qaëX$, V$pDÞV$_,
kdfk¡V$ V$u.A¡. 1
3 A¡_. A¡_. V¡$gu: 01823 451 771
^ rdQ¡g d¡\X$ Ap¡a qfg¡L$k¡i_ : gp¸fp rdQ¡g, 8 N¸BÞkbp¡fp¡ NpX®$Þk, g„X$_
A¡_.X$bëey 3
1 buS>¡.
A¢ÁTpBV$u dpV¡$_u kgpl Al]\u `Z d¡mhu iL$pe.
X$pe¡V$-Aplpf :
kpdpÞe k|Q_p¡
õ\|m ìe[¼s_p ùv$e `f h^pf¡ bp¡Å¡ Aph¡ R>¡. JQpB A_¡ Jdf dyS>b ep¡Áe
hS>_ Åmhhp dpV¡$ Mp_`p__u ep¡Áe V¡$hp¡ fpMhp dpV¡$ kdS>v$pfu L¡$mhhp_¡
DÑ¡S>_ Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. ^pfp¡ L¡$ Ap¡tQsy„ hS>_ h^¡ sp¡ âhplu_p cfph¡ L$pfZ¡
lp¡B iL¡$, A¡V$g¡ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_¡ ÅZ L$fhu Å¡BA¡.
ApëL$p¡lp¡g-v$pê$
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ v$pê$ bpbs L$p¡B dS>b|s âdpZ _\u. R>sp„
dpaL$kf g¡hp_u kgpl Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. L$pfZ L¡$ v$pê$ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡ `f
ârsL|$m Akf L$f¡ R>¡.
õdp¡L$]N-^|d°`p_
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_¡ ^|d°`p_ kp\¡ L$p¡B ku^p¡ k„b„^ _\u. `Z
A¡_p\u Apeyóe OV$sy„ lp¡hp\u ^|d°`p_ _ L$fhp_u kgpl Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
X²$pBh]N
N°y` 1 BÞV$pBV$gd¡ÞV$ - Äep„ ky^u b¡Ýep_ L$fsp A\hp gpQpf L$fsp gnZp¡ S>
v¡$Mpe Ðep„ ky^u X²$pBh]N L$fu iL$pe `Z Aphp qL$õkpAp¡dp„ X$u.hu.A¡g.A¡._¡
ÅZ L$fhp_u lp¡e R>¡.
N°y` 2 BÞV$pBV$gd¡ÞV$ - Apdp„ X²$pBh]N gpekÞk l„d¡i dpV¡$ _pd„S|>f L$fpe R>¡
A\hp fv$ L$fpe R>¡.

ãgy h¡nu_¡i_ - ãgy_y„ fkuL$fZ
ApL$fp ãgy kpd¡ fkuL$fZ L$fphhp_u X$p¸L$V$f kgpl Ap`¡ R>¡. `Z vy$cp®Áe¡ fku
v$f¡L$ hMs¡ kam \su _\u.
fÅAp¡ A_¡ âhpk
âhpk dpV¡$ sdpfp Æ.`u_u d„S|>fu d¡mhhu kgplcfu R>¡. Å¡ rhv¡$i âhpk
L$fhp_p lp¡ sp¡ sdpfp V²$ph¡g A¡S>ÞV$ `pk¡\u sd¡ S>¡ v¡$idp„ S>hp_p R>p¡ Ðep„_u hudp
A_¡ Apfp¡Áe k¡hp_¡ gNsu _ursAp¡ rhj¡_u dprlsu d¡mhhu Å¡BA¡. B1 11 ap¡d®
Üpfp B.ku. v¡$ip¡dp„ Apfp¡Áe k¡hp L¡$hu R>¡ s¡ ÅZhp dm¡ R>¡. Ap ap¡d® dp¡V$pcpN_u
`p¡õV$ Ap¸qakp¡dp„ D`gå^ lp¡e R>¡.
-rhi¡j R|>V$R>pV$p¡
S>¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ gnZp¡_¡ gu^¡ AdyL$ L$pd_u dep®v$p Aphu Åe A¡d_¡ dpV¡$ L¡$V$guL$
R|>V$R>pV$p¡ dmu iL¡$ R>¡.
X$ukA¡buguV$u guh]N A¡gphÞk, A¡hp âL$pf_u kpdpÆL$ gpc ep¡S>_p R>¡. Ap
ep¡S>_pdp„ ìe[¼s_¡ `p¡sp_u rbdpfu A\hp `„Nysp kpd¡ A\hp A„Ns k„cpm
dpV¡$ klpe Å¡BA¡ sp¡ dm¡ R>¡. L$fh¡fp k„b„^u dprlsu Å¡BA¡ sp¡ B_g¡ÞX$ f¡h¡Þey
l¡ë`gpB__p¡ 0845 300 3700 _„bf `f k„`L®$ kp^hp¡.
buÅ gpcp¡ rhj¡_u rhNshpf dprlsu dpV¡$ r_:iyëL$ ap¡_ _„bf 0800 8820
2000 (b¡_¡qaV$ BÞL$hpefu gpB_) A\hp sdpfu kp¡qieg rk¼ep¡fuV$u Ap¸qak,
kuV$uTÞk AX$hpBT åeyfp¡ A\hp kp¡iueg kh}kuT qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV$_u dygL$ps
g¡hu.
AÐepf¡ iy„ k„ip¡^_ \B füy„ R>¡ ?
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u `f OZp b^p õsf¡ A_¡ OZp v¡$ip¡dp„ k„ip¡^_ \B
füy„ R>¡. `l¡gp ê$`f¡Mp A`pB R>¡ s¡d, Æ_¡V$uL$ k„ip¡^_p¡_y„ gÿe R>¡ L¡$ Ap rbdpfu
dpV¡$_p buÅ„ ÆÞk_u `fM L$fhu. A_¡ A¡ ÅZhy„ L¡$ ÆÞkdp„ \su Ap NfbX$p¡
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u rbdpfudp„ L¡$hu fus¡ ê$`p„sqfs \pe R>¡. Mpk
L$fu_¡ sp¡ ip dpV¡$ Ap NyZk|Óp¡_u NfbX$_¡ gu^¡ õ_peyAp¡_p L$p¡jp¡ Aìeh[õ\s
\B Åe R>¡ A_¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡ ÅX$p \B Åe R>¡. A¡L$ õ_pey L$p¡j L¡$hu fus¡
k„Ly$Q_ `pd¡ A¡_p `f A¡d_p¡ ip¡ âcph `X¡$ R>¡ ?
Äepf¡ [¼g_uL$g k„ip¡^_dp„ gnZp¡ \hp A_¡ Ap¡tQsp_p¡ L$p¡gpàk \hp_p
L$pfZp¡ s¡d S> kpfhpf_u _hu `ÙrsAp¡ ip¡^hp_p âepk L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.

Ahpf_hpf `|R>psp âñp¡
dpf¡ i÷q¾$ep L$fphhu R>¡, A¡_¡õ\¡V$uL$_p¡ D`ep¡N kgpds R>¡ ?
lp. L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p dp¡V$pcpN_p v$v$}Ap¡ dpV¡$ S>_fg A\hp gp¡L$g
A¡_¡õ\¡V$uL$_p Å¡Mdp¡ Ap rbdpfu lp¡hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ h^sp_\u. a¼s sdpfp
A¡_¡õ\¡iue__¡ Ap rbdpfu rhj¡ ÅZ L$fhu Å¡BA¡. A¡V$g¡ A¡ h^y ksL®$ fl¡.
¼epf¡L$ Ap¸`f¡i_ dpV¡$ qfÆe_g A¡_¡õ\¡kuep (õ`pB_g ågp¡L$) hp`fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. Ap âL$pf L$v$pQ \p¡X$p¡ h^y Å¡MdL$pfL$ \B iL¡$, A¡V$g¡ A¡ bpbs_u
R>ZphV$ sdpfp ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps A_¡ A¡_¡õ\¡V$uõV$ hÃQ¡ \hu Å¡BA¡.
dpfp gnZp¡ h^y bNX¡$ sp¡ dpf¡ iy„ L$fhy„ Å¡BA¡ ?
Äepf¡ `Z sdpfp gnZp¡dp„ bNpX$p¡ \sp¡ S>Zpe Ðepf¡ sdpfp Æ.`u._u kgpl
g¡hp_u. A¡_¡ Å¡ ep¡Áe gpNi¡ sp¡ sdpfp ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps_p¡ k„`L®$ L$fi¡. ^pfp¡
L¡$ L$p¡B L$pfZkf sdpfp Æ.`u._p¡ k„`L®$ _\u \sp¡ Ðepf¡ A¡hu Ap`sL$pgu_
[õ\rsdp„ sd¡ _ÆL$_u L$p¡B dp¡V$u lp¸[õ`V$gdp„ L¡$ÈeyAëV$u qX$`pV®$d¡ÞV$dp„ sbubu
s`pk L$fphu iL$p¡.
d_¡ Ahpf_hpf Q½$f Aphhp_p, ðpk-lp„a QY$hp_p A_¡ ¼epf¡L$ A„^pfp
Aphhp_p gnZp¡ \pe R>¡. dpf¡ Aphp gnZp¡ dpV¡$ L$p¡B_¡ sL$gua Ap`hu d_¡
Ndsu _\u. R>sp„ dpfp Æ.`u._¡ ¼epf¡ bp¡gphhp Å¡BA¡ ?
Äepf¡ sd¡ b¡lp¡i \B ÅAp¡ A\hp sd_¡ A¡d gpN¡ L¡$ sd¡ A„^pfpdp„ kfu füp R>p¡
Ðepf¡ spbX$sp¡b sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_¡ ÅZ L$fhu Å¡BA¡.
iy„ dpf¡ bpmL$p¡ L$fhp„ Å¡BA¡ ?
Ap A¡L$ A„Ns r_Z®e R>¡. sd¡ BÃR>p¡ sp¡ Ap bpbs_u QQp® sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f kp\¡
L$fhu Å¡BA¡. kp^pfZ fus¡ sdpfp„ bpmL$p¡_¡ Ap rbdpfu hpfkpdp„ Dsfhp_u 50-
50% i¼esp R>¡. Ap rbdpfu L¡$V$gp N„cuf õhê$`¡ A¡d_¡ Akf L$fi¡ A¡ bpbs¡_u
L$iu ApNplu Ad¡ L$fu iL$sp _\u. Å¡ sd¡ bpmL$p¡ \hp v¡$hp_y„ _½$u L$fp¡ A\hp
ANpD\u sdpfp bpmL$p¡ lp¡e sp¡ A¡ ANÐe_y„ R>¡ L¡$ _p_u Jdfdp„ S> A¡d_u Ap
rbdpfu_¡ gNsu s`pkZu \hp dp„X¡$.
dpfp Æ.`u. _¡ dpfu Ap rbdpfu S>¡hp fp¡N rhi¡ h^y Mbf lp¡e A¡hy„ S>Zpsy„ _\u.
A¡_¡ Ap fp¡N rhj¡ h^y ÅZhp L¡$d dv$v$ L$fu iLy„$, S>¡\u A¡ `Z dpfu h^y kpfu fus¡
dv$v$ L$fu iL¡$ ?
lh¡ Ap rbdpfu rhj¡_u ÅZL$pfu dp¡V$pcpN_p X$p¸L$V$fp¡_¡ "Ap¡_ gpB_' A\hp
ùv$efp¡N rhj¡_p `yõsL$p¡dp„\u Apkp_u\u dmu iL¡$ R>¡. R>sp„ `Z Å¡ sdpfp

X$p¸L$V$f_¡ L$p¡B Mpk h^y dprlsu_u S>ê$f lp¡e sp¡ A¡ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
A¡kp¡iuA¡i__p¡ k„`L®$ kp^i¡, sp¡ Ad¡ A¡_p¡ k„`L®$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p r_óZps
kp\¡ L$fphu Ap`uiy„. Ad¡ A¡_p dpV¡$ A¡L$ "d¡qX$L$g `¡L$' `Z dp¡L$gu iL$uA¡ S>¡
Mpk A_¡ X$p¸L$V$fp¡ dpV¡$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u h^y ÅZL$pfu dpV¡$ b_phu R>¡.
iy„ Ap rbdpfu_u Akf dpfp Åsue Æh_ `f `X$i¡ ?
dp¡V$pcpN_p gp¡L$p¡dp„ Åsue Æh_ `f Ap_u L$p¡B Akf \su _\u. ¼epf¡L$ Å¡ L¡$
AdyL$ v$v$}Ap¡ R>psudp„ vy$Mphp_u L¡$ lp„a_u aqfepv$ L$fsp lp¡e R>¡. sp¡ hmu ¼epf¡L$
g¡hpsu v$hpAp¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ Åsue BÃR>p A_¡ Aph¡N `f `Z Akf `X¡$ R>¡. Apdp„\u
sd_¡ L$p„B `Z \sy„ lp¡e sp¡ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_p¡ k„`L®$ kp^hp¡ Å¡BA¡.
iy„ dpfy„ ùv$e L$p`u_¡ ep¡Áe L$v$ S>¡V$gy„ _ L$fu iL$pe ?
Aphy„ L$fhp L$fsp„ Apd bp¡ghy„ OÏ„ kl¡gy„ R>¡. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡V$g¡
a¼s ÅX$p \B Ne¡gp õ_peyAp¡ ^fphsy„ ùv$e A¡V$gp¡ S> A\® _\u. õ_peyAp¡_p
L$p¡jp¡_u Np¡W$hZudp„ `Z NfbX$ \B S>su lp¡hp\u a¼s ÅX$p õ_peyAp¡ `f L$p`L|$`
L$fhp\u rbdpfu dV$su _\u. lp, S>¡ fp¡NuAp¡ S>¡dp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u
kp\¡ gp¡lu blpf W$pghhp_p dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^ R>¡, s¡d_p ÅX$p \B Ne¡gp
õ_peyAp¡_p¡ \p¡X$p¡ cpN L$p`hp\u Ahfp¡^ v|$f \pe R>¡. Ap i÷q¾$ep\u gnZp¡dp„
fpls S>ê$f \pe R>¡. `Z rbdpfu v|$f \su _\u.
A¡hp L$p¡B ìehkpe R>¡ S>¡_p\u dpf¡ v|$f fl¡hy„ Å¡BA¡ ?
dp¡V$pcpN_p ìehkpe L$fhpdp„ L$p¡B hp„^p¡ g¡hpdp„ Aphsp¡ _\u. `Z S>¡
ìehkpedp„ h^y ipfuqfL$ îd \B iL¡$ A¡hp ipfuqfL$ ìehkpedp„ îd `X$sp„
`l¡gp„ sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f kp\¡ QQp® L$fu g¡hu Å¡BA¡. AdyL$ ìehkpep¡ dpV¡$ Ap_p
_urs-r_edp¡_u dpep®v$p-f¡Mp v$p¡f¡gu lp¡e R>¡. v$p.s. A¡fgpBÞk_p `pegV$, cpf¡
kpdp_ hl_ L$fsp hpl__p X²$pBhf hN¡f¡. Å¡ sdpfp dprgL$_¡ Ðep„ sdpfu
ipfuqfL$ [õ\rs rhj¡ dprlsu Ap`hp_y„ L$p¡B ap¡d® cfhp_y„ lp¡e sp¡ sdpf¡ sdpfu Ap
rbdpfu rhj¡ S>Zphhy„ Å¡BA¡. sdpfp dprgL$_¡ Ap_¡ gNsu h^y dprlsu sdpfp
X$p¸L$V$f `|fu `pX$u iL¡$.
dpfp `f Ap¡tQsp dfZ_p¡ Msfp¡ R>¡ A¡ L¡$hu fus¡ ÅZu iLy„$ ?
`p¡sp_u `f Ap¡tQsp dfZ_p¡ h^y Msfp¡ R>¡ L¡$ _l] A¡ rb_lpr_L$pfL$
s`pkZuAp¡ Üpfp v$v$} ÅZu iL¡$. v$p.s. A¡_p¡ `|h® sbubu Brslpk, BL$p¡
L$pqX®$ep¡N°pau, L$kfs s`pkZu A_¡ 24 \u 48 L$gpL$ v$frdep__p ùv$e_p km„N
^bL$pfp_u _p¢^Zu. ^pfp¡ L¡$ sd_¡ AQp_L$ d©Ðey_p¡ h^y Msfp¡ R>¡ sp¡ A¡_¡ V$pmhp
sdpfp ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps i¼e lp¡e A¡ BgpÅ¡ sd_¡ bsphi¡.

iy„ dpfy„ ùv$e dp¡Vy„$ \sy„ S>i¡ ?
Å¡ sd_¡ rbdpfu_u iê$Aps dp¡X$u Jdf\u _ \B lp¡e sp¡ sdpfp ipfuqfL$ rhL$pk
A¡V$g¡ L¡$ sdpfu huk hj®_u Jdf `R>u sdpfy„ ùv$e `Z h^hp_y„ b„^ \B S>i¡.
AdyL$ \p¡X$p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ `pR>gu Jdfdp„ Ap õ_peyAp¡ \p¡X$p `psmp \hp\u ùv$e_u
bMp¡g_y„ `p¡gpZ h^¡ R>¡. Ap_p L$pfZ¡ h^y ðpk L¡$ lp„ã QY$hu L¡$ ùv$edp„
^X$^X$pV$u \hp_y„ b_¡ R>¡.
iy„ k„`|Z® BgpS> \B iL$hp¡ \p¡X$p kdedp„ i¼e b_i¡ ?
Ap khpg_p¡ S>hpb Ap`hp¡ AOfp¡ R>¡. AÐepf¡ Ad¡ dpÓ A¡V$gy„ S> L$lu iL$uA¡ L¡$
vy$r_epcfdp„ k„ip¡^L$p¡ Üpfp h^y kpfu fus¡ r_v$p_ \pe, lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_u h^y kpfu kpfhpf s\p Ap¡tQsp_y„ dfZ \hp_p Msfp OV¡$. A¡
dpV¡$ L$pe® \B füy„ R>¡. ^pfp¡ L¡$ L$p¡B _hu kpfhpf D`gå^ \i¡ sp¡ sdpfp
ùvefp¡N_p r_óZps sdpfu kp\¡ A¡ rhj¡ QQp® L$fi¡.

Ágp¡kfu : `pqfcprjL$ L$p¡i
A¡çåeyg¡V$fu : s`pk v$frdep_ Äepf¡ v$v$} lpgsp¡Qpgsp¡ lp¡e A\hp `p¡sp_u
fp¡Æ„v$u âh©rÑAp¡ L$fsp¡ lp¡e.
A¡ÞÅB_p : Äepf¡ îd_p L$pfZ¡ R>psudp„ vy$Mphp¡ A\hp NcfpV \pe A_¡ Apfpd
L$fhp\u fpls dm¡. Äepf¡ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_¡ dmsp¡ âpZhpey_p¡ `yfhW$p¡ Ap¡R>p¡
lp¡e Ðepf¡ A¡ÞÅB_p \pe.
A¸ÞÆep¡N°pau : ùv$e_p A„sN®s cpN A_¡ gp¡lu_u _muAp¡_p¡ A¡L$k-f¡ _¡
L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i_ v$frdep_ g¡hpdp„ Apìep¡ lp¡e. Mpk sp¡ ùv$e_¡ gp¡lu `|fy„
`pX$su L$p¡fp¡_fu ^d_uAp¡_u L$pdNufu s`pkhp dpV¡$.
A¡ÞV$ubpep¡V$uL$ âp¡aug¡nuk : lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡_u Äepf¡
v$p„s_¡ gNsu A\hp AÞe i÷q¾$ep L$fhp_u lp¡e Ðepf¡ A`psu v$hp. Ap v$hp
A¡V$gp dpV¡$ A`pe R>¡, L¡$ Ap i÷q¾$epAp¡ v$frdep_ ÆhpÏAp¡ f¼sâhpldp„
cmu S>B ùv$edp„ L$p¡B Q¡` `¡v$p _ L$f¡. (Sy>Ap¡ A¡ÞX$p¡L$pX$p®BV$uk)
A¡ÞV$uL$p¡A¡Áeyg¡i_ : kpfhpf (v$p.s. l¡`pfu_ A\hp hp¡fa¡fu_), gp¡lu_p
N„W$php_u âq¾$ep_¡ OV$pX$hp. Äepf¡ ùv$edp„ NÌ$p \hp_u i¼esp h^¡ Ðepf¡ Ap
kpfhpf A`pe R>¡. v$p.s. A¡qV²$eg qab°uL¡$i_ (_uQ¡ Sy>Ap¡)
A¡Ap¡V$p® : ùv$e_p X$pbp n¡`L$dp„\u gp¡lu hl_ L$fu ifuf_p AÞe cpNp¡_¡
`lp¢QpX$_pfu dlp^d_u. (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 7)
A¸`¡n/A¡r`L$g ap¡d® Ap¡a lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u : X$pbp n¡`L$_u V$p¡Q_¡
A¸`¡n L$l¡ R>¡. rbdpfudp„ Ap S> cpN `f Äepf¡ h^pf¡ Akf S>Zpe Ðepf¡ A¡_¡
A¡r`L$g lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u L$l¡ R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 12)
A¸qf^rdep : ùv$e_p ^bL$pfpdp„ S>Zpsu Ar_erdssp, ^bL$pfp_p¡ ge Ars
TX$`u (V¡$L$u L$pqX®$ep) A\hp Ars d„v$ (b°¡X$u L$pqX®$ep) . Ap Ar_erdssp_¡
L$pfZ¡ R>psudp„ ^X$^X$pV$u A\hp dp\y„ Mpgu Mpgu gpNhp_p gnZ \pe.
A¡qV²$ep : ùv$e_u X$pbu A_¡ S>dZu bß¡ bpSy> Aph¡gp `p¡gpZ Äepf¡ h¡ÞV²$uL$g
(n¡`L$p¡) k„L$p¡Qpe Ðepf¡ A¡qV²$ep (L$Z®L$p¡)dp„ gp¡lu cfpe R>¡. Äepf¡ h¡ÞV²$uL$ëk
cfphp dpV¡$ s¥epf \pe Ðepf¡ A¡qV²$epdp„\u s¡dp„ gp¡lu W$ghpe R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 7)
A¡qV²$eg qab°ug¡i_ : ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_p¡ kpdpÞe fus¡ h^y
v¡$Mpsp¡ âL$pf. A¡ L$Z®L$dp„ \pe R>¡. ¼epf¡L$ \p¡X$u hpf dpV¡$ S> lp¡e (`¡fp¡õTuõdg)
A\hp õ\peu fus¡ (`fkuõV$ÞV$)

Ap¡V$p¡Tp¡dg `¡V$_® Ap¡a BÞl¡qfV$Þk : L$p¡B rbdpfuÄepf¡ A¡L$ `¡Y$udp„\u A¡ Ly$Vy„$b_u
buÆ `¡Y$udp„ Dsf¡ A_¡ L$p¡B `¡Y$uAp¡ Ap hpfkpdp„ bpL$ps _ fl¡.
L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i_ : ùv$e_¡ gNsu rbdpfuAp¡_p Aæepk dpV¡$ h`fpsu
rhi¡j s`pk S>¡ ¼epf¡L$ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p fp¡Ndp„ `Z L$fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡. Ap s`pk v$frdep_ ùv$edp„ A¡L$ `psmu _mu Qp¡½$k _k Üpfp v$pMg
L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. (kpdpÞe fus¡ `N_u D`gu bpSy>A¡\u). Ap _mu_¡ A¡L$k-f¡_u
klpe hX¡$ ùv$edp„ v$pMg L$fhp\u ùv$e_u fQ_p A_¡ L$pe®_u QL$pkZu L$fu
iL$pe R>¡.
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u : ùv$e_p õ_pey_¡ gNsu L$p¡B `Z rbdpfu. L$pqX®$ep A¡V$g¡ ùv$e
A_¡ dpep¡`\u A¡V$g¡ õ_peyAp¡_u AkpdÞesp.
¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡d : Sy>Ap¡ Æ_
L$p¡Þk¡ÞV²$uL$ lpe`fV²$p¡au : Äepf¡ X$pbp n¡`L$_u qv$hpgp¡ kdp_ fus¡ ÅX$u \e¡gu
lp¡e. A¡_¡ rkd¡qV²$L$ lpe`fV²$p¡au `Z L$l¡ R>¡ (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 11)
L$ÞT¡õV$uh lpV®$ a¡Bëep¡f : Sy>Ap¡ lpV®$ a¡Bëef
X$peeyf¡V$u¼k : Äepf¡ v$v$}Ap¡dp„ âhplu_p¡ cfphp¡ \B Åe R>¡ Ðepf¡ A¡d_¡ Ap
Np¡mu Ap`hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. A¡_p\u d|Ó`]X$p¡ Üpfp h^pf¡ âdpZdp„ `¡ipb b_¡ R>¡.
X$p¡àgf AëV²$pkpDÞX$ : Ap s`pkp kpdpÞe fus¡ BL$p¡ Å¡X¡$ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
X$p¸àgf Üpfp ùv$edp„ hl¡sp gp¡lu_p âhpl_u f„Nu_ kp„L¡$rsL$ skhufp¡ Å¡hp dm¡.
S>¡\u afu hmsp âhpl_p n¡Óp¡ rhj¡ ÅZu iL$pe. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡dp„ A¡d_y„ ùv$e L¡$hu fus¡ cfpe R>¡ A_¡ k„Ly$Q_ `pd¡ R>¡
s¡_u QL$pkZu L$fu iL$pe.
Bg¡¼V²$uL$ L$pqX®$ep¡hT®_ : A¡V²$ueg qab°ug¡$i_ S>¡hu ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u
Ar_erdssp R>psu`f rhÛys Ap„QL$p¡ Ap`hp\u b„^ L$fu iL$pe R>¡. Å¡ Ap s`pk
L$fhp_u S>ê$f `X¡$ sp¡ S>_fg A¡_¡õ\¡iuep Ap`hp¡ `X¡$.
Bg¡¼V²$p¡qaTuAp¡gp¡ÆL$g õV$X$u A\hp B.`u.A¡d. : L$pqX®$e¡L$ L¡$\¡V$fpBT¡i_dp„ S>¡
fus¡ L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡ s¡d Ap s`pkdp„ `Z ùv$edp„ L¡$\¡V$f v$pMg L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
Ap L¡$\¡V$k® ùv$e_u rhÛysue âh©rÑ_u _p¢^ fpM¡ A\hp A¡_¡ S>ê$f `X¡$ sp¡ DÑ¡Æs
`Z L$fu iL¡$.
A¡ÞX$p¡L$pX$p®BV$uk : ùv$e_p¡ A¡L$ âL$pf_p¡ Q¡`. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p
fp¡Nudp„ cpÁe¡ S> \pe. afu hmsp gp¡lu_p âhpl_¡ L$pfZ¡ MfbQX$p \e¡gp

ùv$e_p hpëh A\hp ùv$e_u Ap„sf k`pV$u `f ÆhpÏAp¡ Qp¢V$hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ \pe
R>¡.
A¡L$kfkpBT (õV²¡$k) V¡$õV$]N : v$v$}_u ìepepd/L$kfs_u ndsp_y„ dp` V²¡$X$dug
A\hp õV¡$i_fu bperkL$g Üpfp L$fhpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. Ap V¡$õV$ v$frdep_ A¡L$ X$p¡L$V$f
A_¡ A¡L$ V¡$L$_uiue_ v$v$}_p gnZp¡_u _p¢^ fpM¡ R>¡. S>¡d L¡$ B.ku.Æ., f¼s
v$bpZ A_¡ ¼epf¡L$ ðpkp¡ÃR>hpk.
ÆÞk A¡ÞX$ ¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡çk : ÆÞk (NyZk|Óp¡) A¡V$g¡ k„L¡$s A\hp ågy âuÞV$ S>¡
ifuf_p b^p L$p¡jp¡_p b„^pfZ_y„ dpmMy„ R>¡. v$f¡L$ ìe[¼sdp„ lÅfp¡ ÆÞk lp¡e A_¡
ifuf_p v$f¡L$ L$p¡jdp„ A¡ fl¡gp lp¡e R>¡. Æ_ ld¡ip„ Å¡X$udp„ lp¡e. A¡L$ dpsp sfa\u
A_¡ A¡L$ r`sp sfa\u hpfkpdp„ dm¡gy„. v$f¡L$ L$p¡jdp„ Ap ÆÞk A¡L$ _p_L$X$p v$p¡fp
S>¡hp sp„sZpdp„ ìeh[õ\s Np¡W$hpe¡gp lp¡e R>¡. Ap sp„sZp S>¡hu hõsy_¡
¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡çk (f„Nk|Ó) L$l¡ R>¡. v$f¡L$ ìe[¼sdp„ ¾$p¡dp¡Tp¡çk_u Aphu 23 Å¡X$uAp¡ lp¡e
R>¡.
lpV®$ ågp¡L$ : ¼epf¡L$ rhÛys k„L¡$s ùv$e_p n¡`L$p¡ ky^u `lp¢Qu i¼sp¡ _\u. Ðepf¡
ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_p¡ h¡N Ars d„v$ `X¡$ R>¡. B.ku.Æ. Üpfp Ap r_v$p_ \pe R>¡. A_¡
A¡hy„ \pe sp¡ `¡k-d¡L$f b¡kpX$hy„ `X¡$ R>¡.
lpV®$ a¡Bëepf : (L$ÞS>¡õV$uh L$pqX®$e¡L$ a¡Bëep¡f ) : ùv$e_p k„Ly$Q__u _bmpB_¡
gu^¡ âhplu_p¡ cfphp¡ \pe A_¡ ðpk-lp„a QY¡$, s¡d S> L$kfs v$frdep_ \pL$
gpNhp_p gnZp¡ `¡v$p \pe. Ap_u kp\¡ kp\¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp,
a¡akpdp„ âhplu_p¡ cfphp¡ A_¡ kp¡Å `Z \pe R>¡.
lp¡ëV$f dp¡r_V$f : ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_p v$f_u 24 \u 48 L$gpL$ ky^u_u km„N _p¢^.
R>psu `f Bg¡¼V²$p¡X¹$k QuV$L$ph¡gp lp¡e. A¡dp„\u hpefp¡ A¡L$ Mpk L¡$k¡V$ f¡L$p¡X®$f S>¡
`Ë$p hX¡$ b„^pe¡gy„ lp¡e A¡dp„ Åe. Ap lp¡ëV$f dp¡r_V$f_u dv$v$\u ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdsspAp¡ A¡V$g¡ A¡qf^duep rhj¡ ÅZ \pe.
lpe`fV²$p¡au : ifuf_p L$p¡B `Z L$p¡j-kd|l_u ÅX$p \hp_u âq¾$ep kpdpÞe fus¡
õ_peyAp¡_u ÅX$pB A_¡ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p k„v$c®dp„ A¡ ùv$e_p
õ_peyAp¡_u AkpdpÞe (A¡å_p¡d®g) A\hp h^pf¡ `X$su ÅX$pB k|Qh¡ R>¡.
ApB.A¡Q.A¡k.A¡k. : BqX$ep¡`r\L$ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ kbA¡Ap¡qV®$L$ õV¡$_kuk_y„ Ap
V|„$Ly„$ _pd R>¡. Mpk L$fu_¡ Ad¡qfL$pdp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u Ap _pd¡ S>
Ap¡mMpe R>¡.
BçàgpÞV¡$i_ L$pqX®$ep¡hV®$f qX$aub°ug¡V$f : (ApB. ku.X$u. ) Ap A¡L$ õ`¡rieg
âL$pf_y„ `¡k-d¡L$f NZu iL$pe. Äepf¡ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp M|b S> TX$`u b_u Åe
Ðepf¡ A¡_¡ ep¡Áe v$fdp„ gphhp A¡L$ lmhp¡ rhÛys_p¡ Ap„QL$p¡ Ap`¡ R>¡. Äepf¡

ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_p¡ v$f M|b _uQp¡ lp¡e Ðepf¡ `Z Ap ApB.ku.X$u._¡ kpdpÞe fus¡
h`fpsp `¡k-d¡L$f dpaL$ S>ê$fu ùv$e k„h¡v$_pAp¡ Ap`hp dpV¡$ hp`fu iL$pe.
dpBV²$g qfNÆ®V¡$i_ : Ap_p¡ A\® dpBV²$g hpëhdp„\u gp¡lu "guL$' \B iL¡$.
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ Äepf¡ ùv$e blpf gp¡lu ^L¡$ghp_p dpN®dp„
Ahfp¡^ lp¡e Ðepf¡ dpBV²$g hpëh guL$ \B iL¡$ R>¡.
dd®f : ùv$edp„ gp¡lu_p âhpldp„ Äepf¡ hdmp¡ `¡v$p \pe, Ðepf¡ õV¡$\p¡õL$p¡` Üpfp
kp„cmu iL$psp¡ h^pfp_p¡ AhpS> A¡V$g¡ dd®f. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„
A\hp k„Ly$Q_ h^pf¡ Å¡f\u \pe A¡ L$pfZkf A\hp ApDV$ãgp¡ V²¡$L$f k„L$X$pi
\hp_¡ L$pfZ¡ k„cmpe R>¡. Ap_p dpV¡$ kfMpdZu L$fhu lp¡e sp¡ `pZu_u `pB`dp„
Å¡ h^pf¡ Å¡f\u âhpl lp¡e A_¡ _pmQy„ kp„L$Xy„$ lp¡e sp¡ hdm `¡v$p L$fi¡.
çeyV¡$i_ : kpdpÞe (_p¡d®g) X$u.A¡_.A¡._p k„L¡$sdp„ Äepf¡ NyZk|Óp¡_u Mfpbu_¡
L$pfZ¡ a¡fapf \pe s¡_¡ çeyV¡$i_ L$l¡ R>¡.
dpe¡¼V$du : lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ Äepf¡ `Z ÅX$p \B Ne¡gp
õ_peyAp¡_¡ L$p`u_¡ ApDV$ãgp¡ V²¡$¼V$_p¡ Ahfp¡^ v|$f L$fhp_u i÷q¾$ep. Äepf¡ A¡
kam r_hX¡$ Ðepf¡ gnZp¡dp„ ky^pfp¡ \e¡gp¡ v¡$Mpe.
dpep¡L$pqX®$eg qX$kA¡f¡ : Äepf¡ dpB¾$p¡õL$p¡` _uQ¡ Å¡sp„ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p L$p¡jp¡
kpdpÞe kdp„sf Np¡W$hZudp„ lp¡hp_¡ bv$g¡ Aìeh[õ\s fus¡ Np¡W$h¡gp v¡$Mpe.
dpep¡L$pqX®$ed : ùv$e_u qv$hpgp¡ S>¡hp\u b_¡gu R>¡ A¡ rhi¡j âL$pf_p ùv$e_p
õ_pey. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ ùv$e_p Ap cpN_¡ Akf \pe R>¡.
dpep¡ku_ : ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_p kpdpÞe k„Ly$Q_ dpV¡$ S>hpbv$pf õ_pey L$p¡jdp„
dmsy„ âp¡qV$_. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u \B lp¡e A¡ Ly$Vy„$bp¡ dp„\u AdyL$
gp¡L$p¡dp„ dpep¡ku_ DÐ`ß L$f_pfp A¡L$ Æ_(f„Nk|Ó)_u NfbX$_u ip¡^ \B R>¡.
ApDV$ãgp¡ V²¡$¼V$ : ùv$e_u A„sN®s A¡L$ cpN Äep„ X$pbp n¡`L$dp„\u gp¡lu
dlp^d_udp„ Aph¡ R>¡.
`¡k-d¡L$f : Äepf¡ rhÛys k„L¡$s ùv$e_p n¡`L$p¡ ky^u `lp¢Qsp¡ _\u Ðepf¡ Ap
kp^_ ùv$edp„ b¡kpX$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. R>psu_u ÐhQp _uQ¡ A¡L$ _p_L$Xy„$ b¡V$fuhpmy„
bp¡n d|L$hpdp„ Aph¡ R>¡. S>¡dp„\u _kp¡ Üpfp `psmp hpef ùv$edp„ v$pMg L$fhpdp„
Aph¡ R>¡ S>¡ ùv$e_¡ S>ê$fu k„L¡$sp¡ `pW$h¡ R>¡.
`pë`uV¡$i_ : ùv$e ^X$L¡$ R>¡ A¡hu AZNdsu ÅZ. Ap ^X$L$__u ÅZ ùv$e_p
^bL$pfp r_erds lp¡e sp¡ `Z \pe. Äepf¡ dp_rkL$ spZ lp¡e A\hp L$kfs
L$fu lp¡e A\hp ¼epf¡L$ ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_¡ gu^¡ \pe R>¡.

f¡õV²$u¼V$uh L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u : Ap rbdpfudp„ ùv$e_p A¡L$ A\hp bß¡ n¡`L$p¡dp„
gp¡lu `lp¢QpX$hp_p dpN®dp„ Ahfp¡^ lp¡e R>¡. Apdp„ ùv$e_p õ_peyAp¡_u ÅX$pB
A_¡ Ap n¡`L$p¡_u bMp¡g_y„ L$v$ kpdpÞe`Z¡ bfp¡bf (_p¡d®g) lp¡e R>¡.
k¡àV$d : X$pbp A_¡ S>dZp n¡`L$p¡_¡ AgN `pX$su qv$hpg. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ Ap ÅX$pB kp^pfZ fus¡ Ap k¡àV$ddp„ S> h^y õ`ô$ fus¡
S>Zpe R>¡. A¡_¡ A¡kud¡V²$uL$ k¡àV$g lpe`fV²$p¡au L$l¡ R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 9)
rkõV$p¡rgL$ A¸ÞV¡$fuef dp¡i_ Ap¡a ^ dpBV²$g hpëh : (A¡k.A¡.A¡d.)
lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p L¡$V$gpL$ qL$õkpAp¡dp„ Å¡hp dm¡ R>¡. Äepf¡ gp¡lu
ùv$edp„\u ifufdp„ ^L¡$gpe Ðepf¡ dpBV²$g hpëh ApNm S>B A_¡ k¡àV$d_¡ AX$L¡$
R>¡ (kpdpÞe`Z¡ Ap hpëh A_¡ k¡àV$d hÃQ¡ Mpõku A¡hu S>Áep lp¡hu Å¡BA¡)
S>¡\u ApDV$ãgp¡ V²¡$¼V$dp„ Ahfp¡^ \pe R>¡. (Sy>Ap¡ ApL©$rs 10)
h¡ÞV$uL$ëk : ùv$edp„\u ifufdp„ gp¡lu `ç`]N L$fsp ùv$e_p X$pb¡-S>dZ¡ Aph¡gp
b¡ Mp_p„ (n¡`L$p¡). lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\udp„ X$pby„ n¡`L$ h^ydp„ h^y
âdpZdp„ AkfN°õs \pe R>¡.
h¡ÞV²$u¼eygf V¡$L$uL$pqX®$ep : ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp_u Ar_erdssp_p¡ A¡L$ âL$pf, S>¡dp„
Ars TX$`\u ^bL$sp ùv$e_p ^bL$pfp h¡ÞV²$uL$ëkdp„\u DÐ`ß \pe R>¡.

lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u (A¡Q.ku.A¡d.)_p v$v$}Ap¡ A_¡ A¡_p
kNp„-k„b„^uAp¡ dpV¡$ sbubu `pkp„Ap¡_¡ gNsu dpN®v$ri®L$p
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡iuA¡i__u d¡qX$L$g kb L$rdV$u Üpfp
1. S>¡dp„ lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_y„ r_v$p_ \ey„ R>¡ A¡hp b^p
v$v$}Ap¡_¡ s¡d_p Æ.`u. A_¡ ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps_¡ Ap fp¡Ndp„ `¡v$p \su
kdõepAp¡, kpfhpf_p¡ l¡sy A_¡ âL$pfp¡, kpfhpf_p gpc-N¡fgpc A_¡ Ap`hp
^pf¡gu v$hpAp¡_p i¼e Å¡Mdp¡ A\hp k|Qh¡gp Ap¸`f¡i_ rhj¡ b^y„ `|R>hy„ Å¡BA¡.
2. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p¡ k„`|Z® BgpS> Å¡ L¡$ i¼e _\u, R>sp„
Æh_i¥gudp„ ep¡Áe a¡fapfp¡, dpaL$kf_u v$hpAp¡_y„ k¡h_ A_¡ L$p¡BL$ qL$õkpdp„
i÷q¾$ep Üpfp OÏ„ b^y„ L$fu iL$pe R>¡. ApÐepf¡ Qpgsp k„ip¡^_p¡_¡ L$pfZ¡ _hu
i¼espAp¡_u qv$ipAp¡ M|gu NB R>¡.
3. lpe`fV²$p¡qaL$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u_p v$v$}Ap¡_p k„b„^uAp¡dp„ `Z Ap
rbdpfu R>¡ L¡$ _l], s¡_u s`pkZu ùv$efp¡N_p r_óZps `pk¡ L$fphhu A¡ ANÐe_y„
R>¡.
4. Ap `qf[õ\rsAp¡ V$pmhu :
Arsîdhpmu L$kfs : sdpfp r_óZps A_¡ Æ.`u._¡ `|R>p¡ L¡$ sdpf¡
L¡$V$gu L$kfs L$fhu Å¡BA¡.
ifufdp„\u gp¡lu A_¡ âhplu Ap¡tQsp OV$u S>hp : S>¡d L¡$ f¼s÷ph, TpX$p A_¡
DgV$u.
Nfdu gpN¡ A¡hp õ\m¡ gp„bp¡ kde fl¡hy„ : Ap_u gu^¡ b¡lp¡i \hp_p¡ ce fl¡ R>¡,
S>¡ Å¡Mdu _uhX$u iL¡$.
M|b Nfd õ_p_ A\hp iphk® :
(b¡lp¡iu_u v$hp) A¡_¡õ\¡iue v$frdep_ : Apdp„ Mpk sp¡ A¸`p¡X$éyfg
A¡_¡õ\¡riep hMs¡ A¡ Ýep_ fpMhy„ S>ê$fu R>¡ L¡$ ågX$â¡if-f¼s v$bpZ Ap¡tQsy„
M|b OV$u _ Åe.
5. Q¡shZu_p gnZp¡ : 1. Ap¡tQsp_y„ lp¡i Nydphu b¡khy„.
2. R>psudp„ TX$$`u ^X$^X$pV$u_u OV$_pAp¡
3. R>psu_¡ dÝedp„ vy$Mphp_u iê$Aps
4. AL$m ðpk A\hp lp„a QY$hp¡
Apdp„\u L$p$p„B `Z \pe, sp¡ S>¡d b_¡ s¡d S>ëv$u sdpfp X$p¸L$V$f_p¡ k„`L®$ L$fp¡.

L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i_
d¡çbfiu` ap¡d®
Å¡ Ap` BÃR>p¡ sp¡ Ap A¡kp¡kuA¡i__p d¡çbf \hp\u k„õ\p_u r_erds
kpdpreLp¡_u_L$gp¡, õ\pr_L $k„`L®$_y„ _¡V$hL$®, `qf[õ\rs dyS>b kgpl-k|Q_p¡
A_¡ A¡ D`fp„s A_¡L$ kyrh^pAp¡ d¡mhu iL$ip¡. L©$`p L$fu _uQ¡_y„ ap¡d® k„`|Z® cfu
dp¡L$gp¡.
Qp¡½$k Mp_pdp„ S> r_ip_u L$fp¡
lz„ hprj®L$ kæe`v$_p ghpS>d `¡V¡$ 12 `pDÞX$ dp¡L$gy„ Ry>„
A¡kp¡kuA¡i__p k„`|Z® DØ¡ip¡ A_¡ r_edp¡_u dprlsu Ap`su huqX$ep¡ L¡$k¡V$
A\hp ku.X$u. `Z sd¡ Mfuv$u iL$p¡ R>p¡. Å¡ sd¡ kæe b_hp dpNsp lp¡ sp¡ A¡_¡¡
sd¡ Mpk âpf„rcL$ cph¡ Mfuv$u iL$p¡.
huqX$ep¡ L¡$k¡V$ PIP krls 5 `pJX
kpdpÞe cph 6 `pJX$
ku.X$u. fppµd PIP krls 8 `pJX$
kpdpÞe cph 10 `pJX$
Å¡ sd¡ kæe b_hp_ dpNsp lp¡ `Z sd_¡ A¡d gpN¡ L¡$ sd¡ Ad_¡ klep¡N Ap`u
iL$p¡ R>p¡, sp¡ sd¡ L©$`p L$fu "rNaV$ A¡BX$' `f r_ip_u L$fu sdpfy„ v$p_ _uQ¡
S>Zph¡gp kf_pd¡ dp¡L$gu iL$p¡.
lz„ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i__¡…………………..`pJX$_y„ v$p_ dp¡L$gy„
Ry>„.
"lz„ ey.L¡$._p¡ L$fv$psp Ry>„ A_¡ BÃRy>„ Ry>„ L¡$ d¢ S>¡ v$p_ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i__¡
Apàey„ R>¡ A_¡ S>¡ v$p_ crhóedp„ "NuãV$ A¡BX$'$ sfuL¡$ Ap`hp_p¡ Ry>„ s¡ v$p__u
kdN° fL$d dpV¡$ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i_ L$fh¡fp Mpsp `pk¡\u v$php¡ L$f¡.
¾¡$rX$V$ L$pX®$ A\hp Q¡L$\u A`pe¡gu fL$d L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i__p _pd¡
Ap`hu.
L$pX®$ `|fy„ \hp_u
spfuM
õhuQ
Bíey _„bf.

ij®L$
_pd
A¡X²¡$k
`p¡õV$g L$p¡X$
_„bf
V¡$guap¡_
_„bf
S>Þd spfuM
L$pe® _„bf
C. d¡Bg
A¡X²¡$k
L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i_ fÆõV$X®$ QµfuV$u _„. 803262
40, The Metro Centre, Tolpits Lane, Watford, Herts. WD18 9SB
www.cardiomyopathy.org cmaassoc@aol.com
X¡$V$p âp¡V¡L$i_ AµíeyfÞk
k„`|Z® cf¡gy„ ap¡d®, dpÓ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡Ap¡kuA¡i__p kæe`v$_u _p¡„^
fpMhp dpV¡$ R>¡.X¡$V$p âp¡V¡L$i_ A¡L$V$ 1998 l¡W$m L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡kp¡kuA¡i_¡
Ap X¡$V$p âp¡k¡k L$ep£ R>¡. sdpfu dprlsu dpÓ L$pqX®$ep¡dpep¡`\u A¡Ap¡kuA¡i__p
L$pe®L$fp¡ A\hp r_d¡gp A¡S>ÞV$p¡ Üpfp hluhV$u k„Qpg_ dpV¡$ S> D`ep¡Ndp„ g¡hpi¡.
sdpfu r_ròs A_¡ g¡rMs `fhp_Nu rh_p A¡kp¡kuA¡i_ Ap dprlsu AÞeÓ
Ål¡f _l] L$f¡.