Životné podmienky a zdravie 2003

SELECTED ASPECTS OF EVALUATION OF ORGANISM ENERGY
K. Martiník
Univerzita Hradec Králové, Česká republika
rektor: doc. RNDr. J. Mikulecká, Csc.
Životné podmienky a zdravie, 2003
Preface
Knowledge of organism energy balance is a crucial factor affecting performance not
only in case of top sportsmen or ill patient. In literature and in practical use it is connected
only with appropriate nutrition. Highly individual model of energy transformation is often
omitted. Quantitatively and qualitatively precisely defined income of food mostly depends on
the amount of physical work according to particular sport, diverse diseased.The practical use
omits application of basic theoretical piece of knowledge from physiology of nutrition and
physical performance.
Theoretical view on evaluating the state of nutrition
We often base our knowledge on experience, which is mostly extra-scientific not
regarding various recommendations concerning nutrition. If we want to be valid in
recommending the appropriate organism energy balance we always have to take into
consideration whether it is positive or negative influence, whether it is short-term or longterm
influence, we look on the development and current trends corresponding to history etc.
We always slim from particular evaluation of the state of nutrition regarding the development
of selected aspects in relation to present and future needs. We use clinical investigation and
evaluation of the state of nutrition. The investigation can be divided into anthropometrical
methods, biochemical methods and evaluation of physical composition. Other types of
investigation like ID (isotope dilution) , NAA (neutron active analysing) or NMR (nuclear
magnetic resonance) can only be used theoretically or in scientific research. Bioelectric
impedance is also used frequently. On metabolic workshops we analyse selected samples of
blood urine. Valuable are especially levels of blood albumin, concentration of transferin,
substance of reaction acute phase (orosomukoid a C-reactive protein), concentration of
visceral proteins (albumin, prealbumin). These are not vastly applied in sport use. In rough
observations caliperation of skin walls and specially aimed biochemical investigation are
used.
Evaluation of physical composition
a) To assess body weight there are indexes like Body Mass Index or Optimal Body Weight –
OBW/H-100 (H-152/X0,2) for men, H-100 (IH-152) x 0,4 for women, but there also exist
other indexes more or less precise and in most cases various kinds of sports prefer some
indexes.
b) Static reserve of energy is often related to the size of wall over triceps, but measuring over
triceps, on the chest and on an abdomen is more precise. According to arm circumference
and wall over triceps we can estimate the amount of muscle mass and lipids in organism
with correction regarding age.
c) Evaluation of static reserve of proteins. The amount of creatinin-secreted in wine is
appropriate total amount of creatinin (deposited) placed in muscles, so it is also
appropriate to muscle mass amount. Secretion of creatinin during 24 hours shows the
amount of muscle mass in body, because one game of creatinin secreted during 24 hours
is equal to 17-20 kg of muscle mass. Another metabolite is 3-methylhistiotin is used to
assess amount of split body proteins. In metabolically use we also apply creatin height
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