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ZAŠTITA ŽRTAVA I PREVENCIJA TRGOVINE LJUDIMA U SRBIJI PREVENTION OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING Here we propose a set of measures of primary, secondary and tertiary prevention that should be included into existing programmes as activities so as to influence not only the consequences of human trafficking but the causes as well. These would certainly result in reducing the size of the problem of human trafficking and not just on alleviating the consequences: Poverty, lack of opportunities and of access to education, social and gender inequalities, unemployment and civil conflicts are among the main factors to be addressed in developmin a root-cause-centred-approach that needs to add to the victim-centred and law enforcement-centred approaches. 2009 October Declaration on Trafficking in Human Beings • Conduct future surveys in the field (instead of empyrical only) among vulnerable social groups (refugees and internally displaced persons in collective centres, Roma communities, asylum seekers, children in social protection institutions, children living and working in the street, women victims of violence...). In addition to data collection and better understanding of the factors of risk, these surveys would contribute to raising awareness of the community about the phenomenon of human trafficking and the related phenomena, particularly about child abuse and neglect, domestic violence and their consequences; • Examine the phenomenon of human trafficking from the aspect of social inclusion and poverty reduction policies; include it into development of these and the policies related to human rights, migrations, social protection, labour, gender sensitive and anti-discrimination and specifically — supression of violence; as well as in the implementation of policies through all the systems; and finally – monitoring of implementation; • With reference to the above, work on sensitization of professionals in all the systems dealing with marginalised groups in order to dispel prejudices and discrimination that are among the root causes of vulnerability; • Conduct limited, specialised programmes/campaigns promoting alternatives (models of social inclusion) and targeting vulnerable groups; • With reference to the above — develop and implement innovative, interactive and participatory programmes (e.g. forum theatre); • Undertake field visits (outreach activities) to support potential victims; • Enhance the capacity of the representatives of the above vulnerable groups (target groups, in this case) to implement preventive measures (peer education); • Implement programmes for groups — perpetrators of violence, especially the clients of services of victims (including specialised campaigns). And more concretely: • Since the survey shows the absolute majority of victims of trafficking to have an incomplete primary eduation, insist on implementation of the current mechanisms for prevention of drop-out from the mandatory primary education, and introduce new ones; • An additional feature among the vulnerability factors was noted in 172
Zajednički program UNHCR, UNODC i IOM za borbu protiv trgovine ljudima u Srbiji the course of work on the Study: vulnerability of children accommodated in social protection institutions or in foster families who are, according to the percentages, frequent victims of human trafficking in the total number of child victims. In addition, the attitude of children living and working in the street to residential programmes makes their longterm care through this mechanism impossible. With respect to that, the factors affecting this picture (accessibility and quality of residential programmes, possible recruitment by other clients, resources for care and accommodation of children, quality of relations of the professional staff to accommodated children, etc) must be further investigated with a view to improvement of these services and prevention of victimisation of children through development of training programmes, introduction of infrastructural and other changes and implementation of social inclusion policy; • Involve the representatives of target groups into preventive programmes at all stages — from preparation to evaluation. DIRECT ASSISTANCE TO VICTIMS OF HUMAN TRAFFICKING The general recommendations related to direct assistance policies below are the result of the analysis of findings: • Develop standards for human rights based approach, gender sensitive approach, as well as recommendations for work with children — victims of trafficking for all the actors providing direct assistance to victims of human trafficking; • Establish a formal coordination mechanism between the police, prosecution, courts, Office for Coordination of Protection of Victims of Human Trafficking and other services with a view to preventing further victimisation, and harmonise preventive activities; • Set up offices for assistance and support to victims of crime in the Republic of Serbia, and consequently to victims of human trafficking. In the context of specific stages in the process of protection of victims: Detection • Develop specific indicators as basis for detection of victims by professionals in the social protection, health care and educational systems; • Refine questionnaires, aimed at target populations, of organisations working in protection of minorities and marginalised groups identified as the most exposed to the risk of trafficking in human beings with a view to improving detection of victims and potential victims, as well as basic informing of the representatives of those groups (Centre for Protection and Assistance to Asylum Seekers, Center for Youth Integration, JAZAS, Autonomous Women Centre, Novi Sad Humanitarian Centre, etc); • Advertise more clearly the range of activities of social welfare centres and promote them as citizens’ services in order for the members of minorities and marginalised groups to get a better picture on the scope of thier activities and possible cooperation and assistance (in addition to cash grants and family subsistence allowance, but also of deprivation of parental rights 173
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