izkjfEHkd f'k{kk ds laoS/kkfud nkf;Roksa ds lUnHkZ esa 6&14; vk;q ...
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk ds laoS/kkfud nkf;Roksa ds lUnHkZ esa 6&14; vk;q ...
izkjfEHkd f'k{kk ds laoS/kkfud nkf;Roksa ds lUnHkZ esa 6&14; vk;q ...
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International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0974-2832, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/29954; VoL. IV * ISSUE-39<br />
April, 2012<br />
<strong>izkjfEHkd</strong> f’k{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> <strong>laoS</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>fud <strong>nkf</strong>;<strong>Roksa</strong> <strong>ds</strong> <strong>lUnHkZ</strong> <strong>esa</strong> 6&<strong>14</strong> <strong>vk</strong>;q<br />
oxZ <strong>ds</strong> lHkh cPpks a dh fu%’kqYd ,oa vfuok;Z f’k{<strong>kk</strong> miyC/k djkus<br />
<strong>ds</strong> mn~ns’; ls <strong>izkjfEHkd</strong> f’k{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> lkoZH<strong>kk</strong>se ukekadu lkoZH<strong>kk</strong>se<br />
Bgjko ,oa xq.koRrkijd f’k{<strong>kk</strong> dh O;oLF<strong>kk</strong> lqfuf’Pkr djus<br />
<strong>ds</strong> fy, tgk¡ izR;sd {ks= <strong>esa</strong> ’kSf{kd lqfo/<strong>kk</strong>,a miyC/k djkus dk<br />
iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gS ogha fo|ky;ksa <strong>esa</strong> i;kZIr ek=k <strong>esa</strong> H<strong>kk</strong>Sfrd]<br />
ekuoh; ,oa foRrh; lalk/ku miyC/k djk, tk jgs gSaA f’k{k.k<br />
vf/kxe izfØ;k dks cky <strong>ds</strong>fUnzr] xfrfof/k <strong>vk</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>fjr ,oa #fpiw.kZ<br />
<strong>ds</strong> fy, <strong>f'k</strong>{k.k vf/kxe izfdz;k <strong>esa</strong> cnyko <strong>ds</strong> lkFk <strong>f'k</strong>{kdks dks<br />
<strong>vk</strong>o';drkuqlkj lsokjr~ iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k fn;s tk jgs gS fo|ky;ksa dh<br />
'kSf{kd xq.koÙ<strong>kk</strong> ,oa izH<strong>kk</strong>oh vf/kxe izfdz;k <strong>ds</strong> fy, lsokjr~<br />
iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.<strong>kk</strong>sa dks izH<strong>kk</strong>oh cukus dk iz;kl fd;k tk jgk gSA bl<br />
<strong>ds</strong> fy, fofHkUu 'kSf{kd <strong>vk</strong>;keksa dks leUo; djrs gq,s iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k<br />
dk;ZØeksa dh izH<strong>kk</strong>oh ,oa 'kSf{kd uokpkjksa ls ;qDr cuk;s tk<br />
jgk gSA<br />
jk"Vªh; <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> fufr ¼1986½ <strong>ds</strong> vUrxZr ekuk gS<br />
fd Þv/;kidks dh <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> ,oa lrr~ izfØ;k gS <strong>vk</strong>Sj bldh lsok<br />
iwoZ ,oa lsok dkyhu va'<strong>kk</strong>s dks vyx ugh fd;k tk ldrkAß<br />
v/;kid <strong>ds</strong> egÙo dks Li"V djrs gq, fy[<strong>kk</strong> x;k gS fd fdlh<br />
Hkh lekt <strong>esa</strong> v/;kidks <strong>ds</strong> ntsZ ls mldh lkaLd`frd&lkekftd<br />
n`f"V dk irk yxrk gSA dgk x;k gS fd dksbZ jk"Vª vius<br />
v/;kidksa <strong>ds</strong> Lrj ls Åij ugha mB ldrkA<br />
<strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> dh lEiw.kZ izfØ;k <strong>esa</strong> izkFkfed Lrj dk fo'ks"k<br />
egÙo crk;k gS ;gh og voLF<strong>kk</strong> gksrh gS tc O;fäRo <strong>ds</strong> fodkl<br />
dh <strong>vk</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>j'khyrk j[kh tkrh gS <strong>vk</strong>i tkurs gS fd bl voLF<strong>kk</strong><br />
<strong>esa</strong> <strong>f'k</strong>{kdksa }kjk ckydksa dks iznku fd, x, laLdkj thou i;ZUr<br />
mu<strong>ds</strong> O;fäRo <strong>ds</strong> vax cu tkrs gSA bl voLF<strong>kk</strong> <strong>esa</strong> cPpksa dks<br />
ftrus fofo/k ,oa le`) vuqHko izkIr gksxsa] mudk fodkl mruk<br />
gh izH<strong>kk</strong>oh <strong>vk</strong>Sj iw.kZ gksxkA blh voLF<strong>kk</strong> <strong>esa</strong> [<strong>kk</strong>st] ftKklk]<br />
fo'ys"k.k <strong>vk</strong>fn dh izo`fÙk;ksa dk fodkl gksrk gSA<br />
lsokjr~ <strong>f'k</strong>{kd&iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k vR;Ur <strong>vk</strong>o';d gS bldk<br />
izeq[k dkj.k gS fd v/;kidks dks fo'ofo|ky; ,oa mPp <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong><br />
laLF<strong>kk</strong>uksa ls fudys 10&15 o"<strong>kk</strong>sZa ls Hkh vf/kd le; gks x;k<br />
gS <strong>vk</strong>Sj <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> lHkh {ks=kas <strong>esa</strong> cgqr rhozrk ls fodkl gks jgk<br />
gSA v/;kidks <strong>ds</strong> iqu% iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k dh vusd fof/k;ka gSA izkjEHk<br />
es a vfHkuou dk;ZØe] dk;Z'<strong>kk</strong>yk,¡] v/;;u xksf"B;k¡] Hkze.k <strong>vk</strong>fn<br />
dk;ZØe <strong>f'k</strong>{kdksa dks iqu% iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k gsrq <strong>vk</strong>;ksftr fd, tkrs FksA<br />
<strong>vk</strong>/kqfud Kku <strong>vk</strong>Sj dkS'ky dks ân;axe djus <strong>ds</strong> fy, vfHkuou<br />
70<br />
ikB~;Øe Hkh egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku iznku djrs gSA bl izdkj <strong>ds</strong><br />
dk;ZØe vesfjdk] teZuh] baXyS.M] MsuekdZ LohMu <strong>vk</strong>Sj vU;<br />
ns'<strong>kk</strong>sa <strong>esa</strong> dkQh izpfyr gSA ikB~;iqLrdksa <strong>vk</strong>Sj ikB~;Øe dks<br />
fu;fer :i ls la'<strong>kk</strong>sf/kr dj <strong>f'k</strong>{kdksa dks bl dk;Z <strong>esa</strong> laYkXu<br />
dj mUgsa vfHkizsfjr fd;k tk ldrk gS rF<strong>kk</strong> uohu xfrfof/k;ksa<br />
dks lh[kus&tkuus <strong>ds</strong> volj iznku fd, tk ldrs gSaAßfdlh<br />
Hkh 'kSf{kd dk;ZØe dh lQy fØ;kUo;u <strong>ds</strong> fy, <strong>vk</strong>o’;d<br />
lalk/kuksa dh miyC/krk lqfuf'pr djuk vfr<strong>vk</strong>o';d gSA<br />
<strong>izkjfEHkd</strong> <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> lkoZtuhdj.k rF<strong>kk</strong> mles a xq.<strong>kk</strong>Red<br />
mUu;u~ dh n`f"V ls <strong>ds</strong>Unz iwoZ fu/<strong>kk</strong>Zfjr ;kstukUrxZr izos'k <strong>ds</strong><br />
leLr ftyksa <strong>esa</strong> ftyk <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>vk</strong>Sj iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k LkaLF<strong>kk</strong>uksa dh LF<strong>kk</strong>iuk<br />
Øfed pj.<strong>kk</strong>sa es dh xbZ tks le;≤ ij lsokjr~ v/;kidkas<br />
dh <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> gsrq ;kstuk<strong>vk</strong>sa dk fuekZ.k djrh jgrh gSA bl <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong><br />
<strong>ds</strong> vUrxZr lsokjr v/;kidkas dks mu<strong>ds</strong> O;olk; ls lacaf/kr<br />
fujUrj uohu tkudkjh iznku dh tkrh gS rF<strong>kk</strong> mues a O;kolkf;d<br />
xq.k ,oa dkS'kyksa dk fodkl djus dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gS<br />
ftlls fd og u, ifjos'k dh 'kSf{kd leL;k<strong>vk</strong>sa dks Hkyh izdkj<br />
le>dj mudk lek/<strong>kk</strong>u dj l<strong>ds</strong>aA le;≤ ij fo"k;xr<br />
iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k dk;kZ'<strong>kk</strong>yk<strong>vk</strong>sa] 'kSf{kd lEesyu] O;kolkf;d ys[ku]<br />
i=kpkj ikB~;Øe] oSKkfud xksf"B;ksa dk <strong>vk</strong>;kstu djrh jgrh<br />
gS rkfd <strong>f'k</strong>{kd izsj.<strong>kk</strong>ghu ,oa ijEijkxr rjhdksa dks NksM+dj<br />
uohu] jkspd rF<strong>kk</strong> euksoSKkfud rjg ls i
International Indexed & Referred Research Journal, April, 2012. ISSN- 0974-2832, RNI-RAJBIL 2009/29954; VoL. IV * ISSUE-39<br />
dk lqlapkyu djuk] fo|ky; fujh{kdksa rF<strong>kk</strong> iz/<strong>kk</strong>uk/;kid <strong>ds</strong><br />
fy, 'kSf{kd izca/ku <strong>vk</strong>Sj fu;kstu <strong>ds</strong> {ks= <strong>esa</strong> iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k rF<strong>kk</strong><br />
vfHkuohdj.k gsrq iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k djk jgs gSa A<br />
<strong>izkjfEHkd</strong> <strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> <strong>ds</strong> lqn`s cfYd LokH<strong>kk</strong>fod<br />
rkSj ij cPpks a dks fl[<strong>kk</strong>,a] vf/kxe dks <strong>vk</strong>uUnnk;d] lgH<strong>kk</strong>fxrkiw.kZ<br />
<strong>vk</strong>Sj vFkZiw.kZ cuk,aA ikB~;iqLrdks a <strong>vk</strong>Sj ikB~;ppkZ dk <strong>vk</strong>yksPkukRed<br />
ewY;kadu djsa] LF<strong>kk</strong>uh; <strong>vk</strong>o';drk<strong>vk</strong>sa <strong>ds</strong> vuqlkj ikB~;ppkZ<br />
<strong>ds</strong> lanHkZ cuk,a] Kku dks <strong>ds</strong>oy iznku djus <strong>ds</strong> fy, ugha le>sa]<br />
vf/kxedrkZ <strong>ds</strong>Unzhr] xfrfof/k <strong>vk</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>fjr] lgH<strong>kk</strong>fxrk <strong>vk</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>fjr<br />
vf/kxe vuqHko [ksy] izkstsDV] ifjppkZ] laokn i;Zos{k.k] Hkze.k<br />
bR;kfn <strong>ds</strong> }kjk cPpsa lh[ksa bl lHkh dks laxfBr <strong>vk</strong>;ksftr djsa]<br />
vf/kxedrkZ dh lkekftd <strong>vk</strong>Sj O;fäxr okLrfodrk<strong>vk</strong>sa dks<br />
vdknfed vf/kxe <strong>ds</strong> lkFk varfuZfgr djsa] '<strong>kk</strong>fUr dk ewY;]<br />
thou dk yksdrkaf=d jkLrk Lora=rk ca/kqrk /keZ fujis{krk <strong>ds</strong><br />
egRo dks lkekftd iqujZpuk <strong>esa</strong> '<strong>kk</strong>fey djsA<br />
bu lsokjr iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.<strong>kk</strong>sa <strong>ds</strong> }kjk Lo;a v/;kidksa <strong>esa</strong> cPP<strong>kk</strong>sa<br />
dk i;Zos{k.k o ml<strong>ds</strong> lkFk tq³s jguk] cPpksa <strong>ds</strong> lkFk laizs"k.k<br />
o laca/k tksM+uk viuh o nwljkas dh le>] vius fo'okl]<br />
dYiuk,¡] laosx <strong>vk</strong>Sj bPNk,¡] <strong>vk</strong>Refparu dh {kerk fodflr<br />
djuk] Lohdkjuk] yphykiu] l`tukRed <strong>vk</strong>Sj uokpkjh] Lo;a<br />
funsZ<strong>f'k</strong>r vf/kxe dh {kerk dh <strong>vk</strong>nr fodflr djuk] Lo;a<br />
lkspus dh le>] viuh n`f"V] u, fopkjksa dk <strong>vk</strong>Reh;dj.k<br />
fodflr djuk] Lo;a dh <strong>vk</strong>ykspuk o lewg <strong>esa</strong> dk;Z djuk]<br />
fo"k; dh fo"k; oLrq <strong>ds</strong> lkFk tqM+s jguk] vuq'<strong>kk</strong>flr Kku <strong>vk</strong>Sj<br />
lkekftd okLrqfodrk<strong>vk</strong>as dk Kku] fo"k; dh fo"k; oLrq dks<br />
fo|kFkhZ dh lkekftd le> tksM+uk <strong>vk</strong>Sj <strong>vk</strong>ykspukRed fparu<br />
fodflr djuk] iSMkxkWth <strong>esa</strong> O;kolkf;d dkS'ky fodflr<br />
djuk] i;Zos{k.k] izys[khdj.k] fo'ys"k.k <strong>vk</strong>Sj fuoZpu Mªkek MªkV]<br />
dgkuh dFku] n`f"Vdks.<strong>kk</strong>Red tk¡p djuk <strong>vk</strong>fn ifjorZu<br />
v/;kidksa dks dk;Z 'kSyh <strong>esa</strong> fn[<strong>kk</strong>bZ nsus visf{kr gS A<br />
vr% fu"d"kZr% ;g dgk tk ldrk gS fd <strong>izkjfEHkd</strong><br />
<strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> es a lsokjr iz<strong>f'k</strong>{k.k ls lgH<strong>kk</strong>fxrk] Li"V mÌs'; bysDVªkWfud<br />
ehfM;k dk mi;ksx] 'kSf{kd&n`f"Vdks.k] O;kolkf;d {kerk]<br />
v/;kid laosnu'khyrk <strong>vk</strong>Sj dkS'kyks a es a lEiw.kZ fuiq.krk <strong>izkjfEHkd</strong><br />
<strong>f'k</strong>{<strong>kk</strong> dh <strong>vk</strong>/<strong>kk</strong>jHkwr 'kS{kf.kd lajpuk dks lqn`
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