MATEMATIKA 2

MATEMATIKA 2 MATEMATIKA 2

16.11.2013 Views

MATEMATIKA 2 2011./2012.

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2<br />

2011./2012.


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 1<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 2<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 3<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 4


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 5<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 6<br />

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ρ=ρ0<br />

cilindar<br />

y<br />

x<br />

ρ0<br />

ϕ0<br />

T0'<br />

ϕ=ϕ0<br />

poluravnina<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 7<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 8


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 9<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 10<br />

z<br />

T0<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 11<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 12


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 13<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 14<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 15<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 16


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 17<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 18<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 19<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 20


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 21<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 22<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 23<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 24


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 25<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 26<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 27<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 28


8<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 29<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 30<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 31<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 32


9<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 34<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 35<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 36


1<br />

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0 0<br />

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y2<br />

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2x<br />

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0.4<br />

4<br />

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0.2<br />

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2<br />

z 0.0<br />

0 0<br />

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x-2 -0.4<br />

2y<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 37<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 38<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 39<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 40


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 41<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 42<br />

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z<br />

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z=f(x0,y)=f2(y)<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

z=f(x,y0)=f1(x)<br />

x<br />

D T=(x0,y0)<br />

Dx 0<br />

Dy 0<br />

y<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 43<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 44


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 45<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 46<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 47<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 48


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 49<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 50<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 51<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 52


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 53<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 54<br />

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ty 0<br />

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z=f(x,y)<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 55<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 56


15<br />

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z<br />

tx 0<br />

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ty 0<br />

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(x 0,y 0)<br />

y<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 57<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 58<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 59<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 60


16<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 61<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 62<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 63<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 64


17<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

z<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

x<br />

x<br />

(x,y)<br />

y<br />

df(x,y)<br />

(x+dx,y+dy)<br />

Δf(x,y)<br />

y<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 65<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 66<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 67<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 68


18<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 69<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 70<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 71<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 72


19<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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u<br />

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z<br />

vu<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 73<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 74<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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u<br />

x<br />

v u<br />

y<br />

w<br />

v u<br />

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vu<br />

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u<br />

t<br />

v<br />

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<br />

x<br />

y<br />

z<br />

r<br />

s t r s t r<br />

s<br />

t<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 75<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 76


20<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 77<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 78<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 79<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 80


21<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 81<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 82<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 83<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 84


22<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 85<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 86<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 87<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 88


23<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 89<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 90<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 91<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 92


24<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 93<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 94<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 95<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 96


25<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 97<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 98<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 99<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 100


26<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 101<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

b<br />

x<br />

a<br />

z<br />

c<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 102<br />

d<br />

y<br />

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x<br />

b<br />

xi<br />

xi-1<br />

a<br />

z<br />

Kij<br />

c<br />

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z=f(x,y)<br />

yj-1<br />

yj<br />

d<br />

y<br />

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x<br />

b<br />

a<br />

z<br />

c<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

d y<br />

x<br />

b<br />

z<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 103<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 104


27<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 105<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 106<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 107<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 108


28<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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z<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

z<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

d y<br />

d y<br />

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x<br />

b<br />

Vi<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 109<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 110<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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b<br />

x<br />

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z<br />

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z=f(x,y)<br />

Vi<br />

d y<br />

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x<br />

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Vj<br />

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z=f(x,y)<br />

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d y<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 111<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 112


29<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

x b<br />

K<br />

z<br />

0<br />

a<br />

0<br />

c<br />

D<br />

z=f(x,y)<br />

-1<br />

<br />

d y<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 113<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 114<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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y<br />

a<br />

y=ϕ 2 (x)<br />

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x<br />

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y<br />

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x=ψ 1(y)<br />

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D<br />

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x=ψ 2(y)<br />

x<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 115<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 116


30<br />

y<br />

2<br />

y=2-x<br />

D2<br />

1<br />

D1<br />

y=x<br />

1<br />

x<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 117<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 118<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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v<br />

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u<br />

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Φ (u,v)=(x=g(u,v),y=h(u,v))<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 119<br />

x<br />

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v<br />

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x= 4 y 2 -1<br />

C'<br />

y<br />

2<br />

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X<br />

x=1-<br />

4_ 1 y 2<br />

B'<br />

-1 D' 0 A' 1<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 120<br />

x


31<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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v<br />

u 0<br />

+Δv<br />

S<br />

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y<br />

Δvr v'<br />

b<br />

R<br />

v 0<br />

(u 0,v 0)<br />

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a<br />

Δuru'<br />

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u 0<br />

u<br />

u 0<br />

+Δu<br />

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x 0<br />

x<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 121<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 122<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 123<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 124


32<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 125<br />

<br />

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v<br />

vj<br />

Y<br />

uj<br />

Sij<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 126<br />

Rij<br />

xj<br />

x<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 127<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 128


33<br />

y<br />

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X<br />

dP<br />

ρdϕ<br />

ρ<br />

dϕ<br />

ρ1(ϕ)<br />

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ρ2(ϕ)<br />

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dρ<br />

x<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 129<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 130<br />

<br />

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y<br />

y= x-x 2<br />

ρ<br />

1<br />

X<br />

ρ= cosϕ<br />

x<br />

Y<br />

0 1 0<br />

<br />

ρ=cosϕ<br />

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π<br />

2<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 131<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 132


34<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 133<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 134<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

B<br />

y<br />

1<br />

-3<br />

O<br />

ρ<br />

1<br />

= 2sinϕ<br />

ρ=1<br />

A x<br />

ϕ 5<br />

ϕB<br />

ϕA<br />

polarna os<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 135<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 136


35<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 137<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 138<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 139<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 140


36<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

S1<br />

S4<br />

S3<br />

S2<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 141<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 142<br />

<br />

<br />

x<br />

y<br />

D<br />

S<br />

z<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 143<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 144


37<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 145<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 146<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

z<br />

D<br />

z=g2(x,y)<br />

a< _ x


38<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

z<br />

<br />

D<br />

z=g2(x,y)<br />

c< _ y


39<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 153<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 154<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 155<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 156


40<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 157<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 158<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 159<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 160


41<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 161<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 162<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 163<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 164


42<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 165<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 166<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 167<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 168


43<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 169<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 170<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 171<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 172


44<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 173<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 174<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 175<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 176


45<br />

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<br />

Definicija 3.11. Za krivulju<br />

Γ ... −→ r (t) =x (t) −→ i + y (t) −→ j +z (t) −→ k, t∈ [a, b] ,<br />

kažemo da je jednostavna glatka krivulja ili<br />

Jordanov luk ako vrijedi:<br />

1. −→ r :[a, b] −→ Γ je bijekcija, tj. surjekcija i injekcija<br />

( t 1 ≠ t 2 ⇒ −→ r 1 (t) ≠ −→ r 2 (t) ).<br />

2. Derivacija −→ r ′ (t) postoji i neprekidna je za svako<br />

t ∈ [a, b] , tj. −→ r je klase C 1 (krivulja Γ je glatka) .<br />

3. −→ r ′ (t) ≠ −→ 0 , za svako t ∈ [a, b] .<br />

Točke A =(x (a) ,y(a) ,z(a)) i B =(x (b) ,y(b) ,z(b))<br />

zovemo rubne točke krivulje Γ.<br />

Ako je A = B tj.<br />

−→ r (a) =<br />

−→ r (b) , onda krivulju<br />

zovemo zatvorenom krivuljom.<br />

<br />

<br />

z<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

a<br />

t<br />

b<br />

r(a)<br />

x<br />

r(t)<br />

r(t)<br />

r(b)<br />

r '(t)<br />

y<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 177<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 178<br />

r(b)<br />

r(t 1)<br />

r(t 2)<br />

Γ 1<br />

Γ 2<br />

Γ 3<br />

Krivulja Γ je po dijelovima Jordanov luk (po dijelovima<br />

jednostavna glatka krivulja) ako se sastoji<br />

od Jordanovih lukova koji se nastavljaju jedan na<br />

drugi i nema presjecanja. Dakle postoji skup točaka<br />

A, T 1 ,T 2 , ...T n ,B na krivulji Γ takav da su lukovi:<br />

ÂT 1 , ̂T 1 T 2 ,...,̂T n B Jordanovi lukovi.<br />

Primjer. Provjerite da li je krivulja<br />

−→ r (t) =(a cos t)<br />

−→ i +(a sin t)<br />

−→ j +(bt)<br />

−→ k, t∈ [0, 2π]<br />

Jordanov luk.<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 180<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 179


46<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 181<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 182<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 183<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 184


47<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 185<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 186<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 187<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 188


48<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 189<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 190<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 191<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 192


49<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 193<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 194<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 195<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 196


50<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 197<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 198<br />

<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 199<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 200


51<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 201<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 202<br />

<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 203<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 204


52<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 205<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 206<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 207<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 208


53<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 209<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 210<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 211<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 212


54<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 213<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 214<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 215<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 216


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 217<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 218<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 219<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 220


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 221<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 222<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 223<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 224


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 225<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 226<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 227<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 228


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 229<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 230<br />

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Ova posljednja oznaka ima smisla jer za diferencijal<br />

d elementa luka krivulje vrijedi<br />

d = k 0 ()k d<br />

ds<br />

r'(t) dt<br />

Naime, ako su 0 bliske točke na luku krivulje<br />

s radijvektorima ( 0 ) i ( 0 + ) redom, pri<br />

čemu je dovoljno malen, onda duljinu dijela<br />

krivulje (luka) izme ¯du 0 i možemo aproksimirati<br />

sa ( 0 ) Dakle imamo<br />

( 0 )=k ( 0 + ) ( 0 )k k 0 ( 0 )k <br />

Napomena 1. Krivuljni integral prve vrste možemo<br />

interpretirati kao masu krivulje po kojoj je gustoća<br />

promjenjiva (nehomogene tanke žice). Ako skalarno<br />

polje predstavlja linijsku gustoću žice, onda djelić<br />

žice duljine ima masu<br />

( ) .<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 231<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 232


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 233<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 234<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 235<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 236


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 237<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 238<br />

Pritom u slučaju ravninske krivulje R 2<br />

dobivamo 0 , pajetada<br />

Z Z <br />

d = ( ()) · p1+ 0 () 2 d<br />

<br />

<br />

Primjer 2. Izračunajte R <br />

d ako je ( ) = 3 <br />

i krivulja koja je presjek ploha<br />

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= 2 + 2 =1 ( 0)<br />

z<br />

1<br />

y<br />

x<br />

= 2 + 2<br />

=1<br />

¾<br />

½<br />

<br />

=cos<br />

= 2 + 2 =1= 1 <br />

=sin<br />

<br />

= cos <br />

= = sin <br />

<br />

=1<br />

<br />

[0]<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 240<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 239


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y =-x+1<br />

O<br />

y=-x 2 +1<br />

(1,0)<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 241<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 242<br />

r(b)<br />

2<br />

Ako je krivulja po dijelovima glatka, njezine sastavne<br />

glatke krivulje 1 ··· dopuštaju po dvije<br />

orijentacije.<br />

r(t1)<br />

• Reći ćemo da je orijentirana čim su 1 ··· <br />

sukladno orijentirane, tj. kraj od jest početak od<br />

+1 , =1 ··· 1.<br />

1<br />

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Ako je zatvorena po dijelovima glatka krivulja<br />

imamo negativnu i pozitivnu orijentaciju, tj.<br />

orijentaciju sukladnu gibanju satne kazaljke i<br />

orijentaciju suprotnu gibanju satne kazaljke.<br />

• Orijentiranu krivulju označavat ćemo sa y .<br />

• U posebnom slučaju zatvorene ravninske krivulje,<br />

y<br />

će označavati njezinu negativnu orijentaciju, a<br />

x<br />

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pozitivnu.<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 244<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 243


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 245<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 246<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 247<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 248


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 249<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 250<br />

Primjer 6. Izračunajmo cirkulaciju ravninskoga<br />

vektorskog polja<br />

<br />

( ) ={ }<br />

) po središnjoj kružnici y polumjera (orijentiranoj<br />

po volji);<br />

) po rubu x pozitivno orijentiranog trokuta s vrhovima<br />

=(2 0), =(1 1) i =(0 0).<br />

y<br />

c<br />

O<br />

=<br />

c<br />

(a)<br />

x<br />

y<br />

1<br />

O<br />

3<br />

(1,1)<br />

1<br />

(b)<br />

2<br />

1 x<br />

(2,0)<br />

) Ovdje je y zadana parametrizacijom = cos ,<br />

= sin , [0 2], paje<br />

=<br />

Z 2<br />

0<br />

Iy<br />

<br />

· <br />

=<br />

I<br />

y<br />

<br />

+ =<br />

[ cos · ( sin )+ cos · sin · cos ] =<br />

Z 2<br />

2 (cos cos 2 )( sin ) = ···=0;<br />

0<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 252<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 251


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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 253<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 254<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 255<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 256


65<br />

Primjer 7. Izračunajmo cirkulaciju<br />

I<br />

x<br />

<br />

2( 2 + 2 ) +( + ) 2 <br />

po pozitivno orijentiranom rubu 4 x<br />

x trokuta<br />

4, =(1 1), =(2 2), =(1 3).<br />

Y<br />

3<br />

2<br />

1<br />

O<br />

2<br />

B<br />

3<br />

1<br />

A<br />

C<br />

1 2<br />

Primijenit ćemo Greenovu formulu na<br />

( ) =2( 2 + 2 ) i ( ) =( + ) 2 <br />

I<br />

2( 2 + 2 ) +( + ) 2 =<br />

x<br />

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X<br />

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ZZ μ <br />

( ) ( )<br />

=<br />

)<br />

<br />

ZZ<br />

Z 2<br />

μZ +4<br />

<br />

= (2 2) =2<br />

( ) = ···= 4 3 <br />

<br />

1<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 258<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 257<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 259<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 260


66<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 261<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 262<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 263<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 264


67<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 265<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 266<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 267<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 268


68<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 269<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 270<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 271<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 272


69<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 273<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 274<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 275<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 276


70<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 277<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 278<br />

<br />

<br />

S 3<br />

S 3<br />

S 2<br />

S 2 S 1<br />

S 4<br />

S 1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 279<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 280


71<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

Z<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

1<br />

X<br />

1<br />

Y<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 281<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 282<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 283<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 284


72<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 285<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 286<br />

2.slika<br />

Primjer neorijentabilne plohe je Möbiusova vrpca.<br />

Promatrajmo pravokutnik pa mu zalijepimo<br />

stranicu sa stranicom itotakodasmo<br />

"preokrenuli" i identificirali s i s . Dobitćemo<br />

plohu, tzv. Möbiusovu vrpcu.<br />

Pokažimo da Möbiusova vrpca nije orijentabilna ploha!<br />

• Odaberimobilokojunjezinutočku 0 i u njoj normalni<br />

vektor 0 pa ”krenimo kroz njezine normalne<br />

vektore u kontinuirani obilazak” po naznačenoj<br />

(crtkanoj) jednostavno zatvorenoj krivulji.<br />

• Vrativši se u polaznu točku 0 pojavit će se normalni<br />

vektor 0 . Primijetimo da pritom nismo napuštali<br />

”odabranu stranu” te plohe (tj. nismo prelazili preko<br />

ruba),anakraju-početku smo se našli na ”drugoj<br />

strani”. To, zapravo, znači da Möbiusova vrpca ima<br />

samo jednu stranu.<br />

(a)<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

(b)<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 288<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 287


73<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 289<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 290<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 291<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 292


74<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

X<br />

a<br />

Z<br />

O<br />

a<br />

Y<br />

+<br />

- (n 0) 2<br />

S 2 =S 2<br />

<br />

+<br />

S 1 = S 1<br />

(n 0) 1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 293<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 294<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 295<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 296


75<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 297<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 298<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 299<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 300


76<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 301<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 302<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 303<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 304


77<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 305<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 306<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 307<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 308


78<br />

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<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 309<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 310<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 311<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 312


79<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 313<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 314<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 315<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 316


80<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 317<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 318<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 319<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 320


81<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 321<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 322<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 323<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 324


82<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

2<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

-4 -2 2 4<br />

-2<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 325<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 326<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 327<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 328


83<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

y<br />

y0<br />

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0<br />

k>0 kK, k>0<br />

t<br />

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<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 331<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 332


84<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 333<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 334<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 335<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 336


85<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 337<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 338<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 339<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 340


86<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 341<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 342<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 343<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 344


87<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 345<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 346<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 347<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 348


88<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

y<br />

10<br />

<br />

<br />

f1<br />

2<br />

0<br />

1<br />

f0<br />

f-5<br />

x<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

f-5<br />

f1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 349<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 350<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 351<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 352


89<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 353<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 354<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 355<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 356


90<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 357<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 358<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 359<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 360


91<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 361<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 362<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 363<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 364


92<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 365<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 366<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 367<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 368


93<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 369<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 370<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 371<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 372


94<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 373<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 374<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 375<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 376


95<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 377<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 378<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 379<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 380


96<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 381<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 382<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 383<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 384


97<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 385<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 386<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 387<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 388


98<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 389<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 390<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 391<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 392


99<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 393<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 394<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 395<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 396


100<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 397<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 398<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 399<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 400


101<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 401<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 402<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 403<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 404


102<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 405<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 406<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 407<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 408


103<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 409<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 410<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 411<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 412


104<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 413<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 414<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 415<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 416


105<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 417<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 418<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 419<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 420


106<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 421<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 422<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 423<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 424


107<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 425<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 426<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 427<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 428


108<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

y<br />

3<br />

1<br />

0<br />

0.5<br />

1<br />

x<br />

y<br />

3<br />

0<br />

1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

0.25<br />

0.5<br />

0.75<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

x<br />

1<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 429<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 430<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

y<br />

y2<br />

T2<br />

y1<br />

y 0<br />

T0<br />

h<br />

h<br />

hG(x0,y0)<br />

T1<br />

hG(x1,y1)<br />

0<br />

x0 x1 x2<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

<br />

x<br />

<strong>MATEMATIKA</strong> 2 431

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