crcq dsm gRMQ ikvyN hoNd ivc AwieAw? - Global Sikh Studies

crcq dsm gRMQ ikvyN hoNd ivc AwieAw?
ieiqhwsk q`Q Aqy pRmwx
fw. gurUmyl isMG is`DU
kQq ‘dsm gRMQ’ dI pRmwxkqw bwry vwd ivvwd icrW qoN cldw Aw irhw hY pr ipCly kuJ swlW qoN
ieh hor vI mG auiTAw hY[ kuJ lok ies gRMQ dI swrI bwxI nUM isRI guruUu goibMd isMG horW dy dsqy
mubwrk nwl ilKI hoeI pRvwn krdy hn[ pr bhuqy ivdvwn, kuJ bwxI qoN isvwey, ies ivclI swrI
bwxI nUM dsvyN pwqSwh dI ilKq prvwn nhIN krdy[ ieh iBMn iBMn ivcwr A`j dy nhIN, sdIAW qoN
cldy Aw rhy hn[ pihlW qW iksy Drm gRMQ dI pRmwxkqw bwry koeI ivvwd pYdw hoxw hI mMdy BwgW
vwlI g`l hY Aqy jy ieh vwd ivvwd dsm pwqSwh vloN rcy hoey gRMQ bwry hovy qW ieh AiqAMq
durBwgI g`l hY[pr svwl pYdw huMdw hY ik jy ieh vwd ivvwd SurU hoieAw hY qW ies dy ip`Cy koeI-nkoeI
Ajyhw kwrx, mslw, Gtnw jW ih`q jrUr hovygw ijs ny ies mMdBwgI soc nUM jnm id`qw[ DrmW
dI mwx mrXwdw nUM cxOqI dyx jW AWc pihcwaux dy izMmydwr Aksr DrmW dy auh kwrkun huMdy hn
ijnHW ny koeI rwjnIqk, smwijk Aqy Kws krky Dwrimk lwhw lYxw huMdw hY[ dsm gRMQ dI
prmwixkqw nUM mu`dw bxwky smyN smyN is`K Drm dIAW jVHW ivc qyl dyx ip`Cy vI kuJ Ajyhy hI kwrn
hn[ dsm gRMQ ikvyN hoNd ivc AwieAw? ies svwl dy au`qr leI myry vloN ilKy mOnOgrwP dw Kulwsw
hwzr hY[
(a). gurUu goibMd isMG Aqy dsm gRMQ[
(A). ieiqhwsk pRmwx Aqy dsm gRMQ[
(e). dsm gRMQ dI im`Q dw AwrMB: iek &RMgI swzS[
(s). dsm gRMQ Aqy hor bIVW[
(h). soDk kmytI dw dsm gRMQ[
(k). SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Akwl qKq Aqy dsm gRMQ[
(K). AXokI siQqI [
(a). gurU goibMd isMG Aqy dsm gRMQ
ies Bwg nUM kuJ Aihm svwlW nwl SurU krdy hW[
1. jykr gurUu goibMd isMG jI ny ‘dsm gRMQ’ dI rcnw kIqI huMdI qW kI ies dw nW gurUu kwl qoN hI
is`K ieiqhws ivc AMkq nw huMdw Aqy ies dw pRkwS Dwrimk sQwnW qy nw kIqw jWdw? Kws
krky kI ies bwry is`KW nUM koeI sUh nw huMdI Aqy ies dw nW aunHW dy mnW ivc visAw hoieAw
nw huMdw?
2. kI ies 1428 siPAW dy v`f Akwry gRMQ dw izkr, dsm pwqSwh dy Akwl clwxw krn qoN
bwAd, 18vIN sdI ivc luikAw iCipAw rihMdw?
3. s`B qoN mh`qvpUrn g`l ieh hY ik, kI ies gRMQ dw izkr gurU swhb vloN ^ud jW aunHW vloN
siqkwry hoey 52 drbwrI Awinn is`KW ny AwxIAW ilKqW ivc nw kIqw huMdw?
4. Ajyhy AduqI Aqy ivSyS gRMQ dI mh`qw nUM m`uK r`KidAW, kI ies dw izkr inkt vrqI
kvIAW, lyKkW jW v`K v`K BwSWvW dy ieiqhwskwrW ny ikqy-n-ikqy AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc nw
kIqw huMdw?
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5. kI gurU Arjn dyv jI vloN sMpwd kIqy gey isRI gurU gRMQ swihb (ijs nMU krqwrpurI bIV jW
Awid gRMQ vI ikhw jWdw hY) dI bIV dy gurU Gr dy ivroDIAW, mhrwjw rxjIq isMG Aqy
ibRitS srkwr dy h`QW ivc gyVy Kwx dy bwvjUd isKW ny aus nUM sMBwl ky nhIN r`iKAw? iesy
qrW jy dsvyN gurU swihb ny iksy gRMQ dI rcnw kIqI huMdI qW lVweIAW, GlUGwirAW Aqy
kudrqI auQl-puQl dy bwvjUd vI, kI is`KW ny ies dI rwKI jwnW vwr ky vI nw kIqI huMdI?
6. isRI gurU gRMQ swihb dI sMpwdnw qoN bwAd Anyk is`KW ny ies nUM zubwnI Xwd kIqw hoieAw sI[
kI dsm gurU vloN ilKy iksy dsm gRMQ nUM auh ausy SrDw nwl Xwd nhIN sn kr skdy?
gurU goibMd isMG horW dy smkwlI Aqy inktvrqI Dwrimk Aqy rwjnIqk ieiqhws ivc ienHW svwlW
dy au`qr nhIN imldy[ guruUu swihb sMn 1708 eI. ivc joqI joq smwey[ ies kwl qoN bwAd ilKIAW
geIAW Dwrimk pusqkW, rwjnIqk roznwmicAW Aqy ieiqhwisk dsqwvyzW ivc iksy ‘dsm gRMQ’ dw
izkr nhIN AwieAw[ ieh Awpxy Awp ivc ‘dsm gRMQ’ dI AxhoNd bwry iek s`B qoN mh`qvpUrn Aqy
inrxwiek sbUq hY[ ies qoN bwAd ‘dsm gRMQ’ dI hoNd bwry sPweI pyS krn dI koeI gunjwieS hI
nhIN rih jWdI[ svwl Aqy au`qr dovyN ieQy hI ^qm ho jwxy cwhIdy hn[ pr Pyr vI keI is`KW, sMqW,
tkswlW Aqy Kws krky k`tVvwdI ihMdU sMsQw Awr. AYs. AYs. dy h`QIN cVHy/ivky hoey AKOqI is`K, isK
ivdvwn Aqy kuJ ihMdU irAwsqW dy qKqW dy is`K jQydwr, kQq ‘dsm gRMQ’ nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dI
ikrq grdwnx qoN guryz nhIN krdy[ aunHW pws koeI Tos sbUq nhIN Aqy ijhVy gMF-qu`p krky dlIl
rihq mwVy moty sbUq pyS vI kIqy jWdy hn, auh jW qW Bwvk Drm mrXwdw ivcoN jnmy hn Aqy jW
k`tVvwdI ihMdUAW dy tyty cVHy is`KW Aqy KudpRsq rwjnIqk cwlW qy ADwrq hn[ ies ivigAwnk Xu`g
ivc scweI dw p`K Tos prmwx Aqy puKqw dlIl qoN vgYr nhIN pUirAw jw skdw[ AsIN eyQy kQq
‘dsm gRMQ’ vwry pwey hoey BulyiKAW nUM dUr krn leI sMkyp ivc ieiqhwsk, rwjnIqk Aqy Dwrimk
q`Q pyS krWgy[
(A). ieiqhwsk pRmwx Aqy dsm gRMQ
guru goibMd isMG jI is`K Drm dy dsvyN gurUu sn[ aunHW dy kwl ivc cwr lwswnI GtnwvW vwprIAW jo
ipCly gurUAW nwloN vKrIAW Aqy lwswnI hn[ pihlI Gtnw sI ^wlsw pMQ swjn dI, dUjI rihq
mrXwdw kwiem krn dI, qIjI dmdmw swihb vwlI bIV iqAwr krn dI Aqy cOQI gurU gRMQ swihb nUM
gurg`dI sONpx dI sI[ ienHW swrIAW GtnwvW bwry ieiqhws ivc jwxkwrI drj hY[ pr ‘dsm gRMQ’
nUM rcx dI Gtnw bwry ikqy koeI auG-suG nhIN imldI[ sqwrvIN Aqy ATwrvIN sdIAW dy ieiqhws
ivc koeI vI Ajyhw pRmwx jW dsqwvyz nhIN imldw jo ‘dsm gRMQ’ dI hoNd dI gvwhI sbUqW smyq pyS
krdw hovy[ hyTW AsIN gurU swhb nwl bwvsqw is`K Drm dIAW mIrI pRMprwvW bwry ieiqhwsq
gvwhIAW pyS krWgy Aqy nwl hI aunHW vloN rcy gey ‘dsm gRMQ’ bwry imldy iksy vI q`Q nUM Bwlx dI
koiSS krWgy[
ATwrvIN sdI dw is`K ieiqhws
1. BweI nMd lwl: rihq nwmw, qn^wh nwmw Aqy swKI rihq kI (1695-1699 eI.)
BweI nMd lwl jo nMd lwl goAw dy nW nwl vI jwxy jWdy hn, guru goibMd isMG jI dy drbwrI is`K Aqy
ivdvwn kvI/swihqkwr sn[ aunHW ny bhuqI rcnw &wrsI BwSw ivc kIqI ijvyN ijMdgI nwmw, dIvwin
goXw, qOsI&-E-snw, joq ibgws, gMj nwmw, dsqUrul-ienSw, Arzul-Al&wz[ iqMn rcnwvW pMjwbI
ivc vI imldIAW hn ijnHW dy nW hn ‘joq ibgws’, ‘rihq nwmw’ Aqy ‘qn^wh nwmw’[ joq ibgws
iesy nW dI &wrsI kivqw dw pMjwbI Anuvwd hY[ rihq nwmw Aqy qn^wh nwmw ivc gurU goibMd isMG
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Aqy BweI nMd lwl horW ivckwr Drm mrXwdw bwry ivcwr vtWdrw hY[ rihqnwmw, sqluj kMFy
AwnMdpur ivKy 1595 eI. ivc iliKAw igAw[ ies ivc ‘^wlsw’ dI swjnw jW ‘isMG’ Sbd dI vrqoN
nhIN kIqI geI ikauNik aus vyly q`k gurU goibMd isMG jI ny Ajy ^wlsy dI swjnw nhIN sI kIqI Aqy
nw hI Awpxy nW nwl isMG dI vrqoN kIqI sI[ is`D hY ik ieh 1699 eI. qoN pihlW dI rcnw hY[
qn^wh nwmw ^wlsw swjx qoN bwAd dI rcnw hY ikauNik ies ivc Sbd ‘^wlsw’ Aqy ‘isMG’ Awm
vrqy gey hn Aqy AKIr ivc ‘^wlsw’ dI ausqiq kIqI geI hY[[ rihq nwmw ivc gurU dsmyS jI
dy iqMn rUpW dI ivAwiKAw hY[ ieh iqMn rUp hn: inrgux, srgux Aqy gurSbd[ gurU jI PrwauNdy hn
ik ieh iqMno rUp isRI guru gRMQ swihb ivc AMikq hn[ ijs ny myry drSn krny hox auh guru gRMQ
swihb nUM pVH ky, sux ky drSn krky kr skdw hY[
2. sYnwpiq: sRI gur soBw (1711 eI.)
gurU goibMd isMG jI dy joqI joq smwaux (1708 eI.) qoN iqMn swl bwAd 1711 eI. ivc ilKI
sYnwpiq dI ilKq, ‘sRI gur soBw’ imldI hY ijs dw krqw gurU swhb dy 52 Awinn is`K
ilKwrIAW ivcoN inscy hI isrk`F sI [ ies ivc jo kuJ aus ny drbwrI kvI hox kr ky AwpxI
A`KIN vyiKAw suixAw sI, auho kuJ ibAwn kIqw hY[‘sRI gur soBw’ ivc ibAwny hoey ieiqhwsk q`QW
dI qsdIk mugl bwdSwhW dy drbwrI dsqwvyzW, ‘Aihkwim-AwlmgIrI’, ‘A^bwrwiq-drbwirmuA`lW’,
‘qvwrIK muA`zm Swh’, ‘bhwdur Swh nwmy’ Aqy ‘qwrIiK bhwdur Swh’ nwl imldI hY[
m`ukdI g`l ieh hY ik sYnwpiq ny gurUu goibMd isMG dy kwl dw A`KIN iT`fw hwl ibAwn kIqw hY[ aus
ny gurU swhb dy jIvn dI Aihm Gtnw ArQwq ^wlsy dI swjnw bwry KulH ky iliKAw hY, rihq
mrXwdw dw izkr kIqw, gurU gRMQ swihb nUM gurg`dI dyx bwry iliKAw, pr kQq “dsm gRMQ” bwry
ikqy vI koeI izkr nhIN kIqw[
3. prcIAW syvwdws (1711-1738): ieh keI nwvW nwl jwxIAW jWdIAw hn ijvyN swKIAW syvw dws
audwsI, mihlw dsW kIAW swKIAW, swKIAW dsW pwqSwhIAW kIAW Aqy prcIAW pwqSwhI 10[
ienHW prcIAW ivc 50 swKIAW jW hkwieqW hn jo dsW guRrUAW dIAW jIvnIAW nwl sMbMDq hn[
pihly A`T gurUAW nwl vwbsqw iek swKI hY, nOvyN gurU bwry cwr hn Aqy bwkI dIAW 38 dsvyN gurU
nwl sMbMDq jIvn JwkIAW bwry hn[ ienHW ivc msMdW dy ikrdwr bwry kwPI kuJ iliKAw hoieAw hY[
pr dsm gRMQ bwry iek vI ivrqWq nhIN[ ieh swKIAW vI ieho is`D krdIAW hn ik guru goibMd isMG
vyly dsm gRMQ vrgI koeI ilKq mOjUd nhIN sI[
4. kuier isMG: guriblws pwqSwhI 10 (1751-?)
ies gRMQ dw krqw iek sihjDwrI is`K kuier isMG hY[ ieh gRMQ gurU goibMd isMG jI dy Akwl clwxw
krn qoN 43 swl bwAd ivc iliKAw igAw[ikauNik kuAr isMG BweI mnI isMG dw inkt smkwlI
irhw sI ies leI guriblws pwqSwhI 10 ivc AMkq vwkPIAq mnI isMG dy ivAwiKAwnW qy ADwrq
hY (POjw isMG, 1968)[ aus pws sYnwpiq dI ‘gur soBw’ Aqy ‘bicqR nwtk’ vI mOjUd sn[ ies leI
guriblws pwqSwhI 10 ivc gurU swihb dy jIvn bwry s`B qoN v`D BrosyXog ivsQwr imldw hY[ ies
ivc pihlI vwr gurU goibMd isMG vloN drbwr sjw ky pMj isr mMgx dw izkr hY[ iek`ly iek`ly is`K
nUM qMbU ivc ljwieAw igAw Aqy Aglw isr mMgx qoN pihlW lhU nwl iB`JI qlvwr drbwr ivc
idKweI geI[ ies swry kOqk qoN bwAd pMjW is~KW nUM AMimRq CkwieAw igAw Aqy ‘isMG’ dw nwm dy
ky kkwr pihnwey gey[ mgroN iesy bwty cON gurU swhb AMimRq C`k ky ^ud vI isMG sj gey ijs krky
ieh imswl, “ vwh vwh guru goibMd isMG Awpy gur cylw” mShUr ho geI[ ies gRMQ ivc KMfy dI pwhul
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iqAwr krn dI ivDI Aqy AMimRq C`kx vwilAW leI rihq dw vI izkr hY Aqy pMj kkwrW dw
vrnx vI hY[ ies pusqk dy nOvyN AiDAwey ivc ^wlsw pMQ dI swjnw vwry ivsQwr pUrbk iliKAw
hoieAw hY[ pr dsm gRMQ bwry kuJ vI nhIN iliKAw hoieAw[ dsm gRMQ dI ijs bIV nUM mnI isMG dy
nW nwl joV ky dsm gRMQ dw BulyKw pwieAw jw irhw hY kI aus bwry BweI kuier isMG nUM nw pqw huMdw
jo mnI isMG horW dw inkt vrqI irhw hY?
5. kysr isMG iC`bV: bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqSwhIAW kw (1779 eI.-?)
sB qoN pihlW kysr isMG iC`bV dy ‘bMswvlInwmw dsW pwqShIAW kw’ nUM 1972 ivc rqn isMG j`gI
dI sMpwdnw hyT ‘pr^’ nwmI pMjwbI mYgzIn (sMp. suirMdr isMG kohlI) ivc CwipAw igAw sI[ aus
vyly j`gI Aqy kohlI dohW ny ieh inrxw kIqw sI ik BwvyN iC`bV dI ieh rcnw purwink kQw kQwvW dy
pRBwv hyT ilKI geI hY qW vI ies ivc ^wlsw swjn, pwhul Aqy gurU gRMQ swih nUM gurg`dI dyx bwry
keI QwvW qy iliKAw imldw hY[
bMswvlInwmw ivc kysr isMG iC`bV ny pihlI vwr gurU goibMd isMG vloN rcy gey do gRMQW dw izkr
kIqw hY[ Awid gRMQ DIrml pwsoN mMgvwaux dw hvwlw vI id`qw hY[ iC`bV Anuswr guru goibMd isMG jI
ny gurUu Arjn dyv jI vloN sMpwd kIqI hoeI bIV nUM (ijs nUM Awid gRMQ jW krqwrpurI bIV vI ikhw
jWdw hY) DIrml pwsoN mMgvw ByijAw pr aus ny nWh kridAW qwnHw mwr ky ikhw ik ieh swnUM swfy
dwdy ny id`qw hY, qYnUM ikauN dy deIey, qUM gurU eyN hor ilK lY[ DIrml jI dy kihx dw is`Dw mqlb ieh
sI ik jo purS gurU dI g`dI qy ivrwjmwn huMdw hY auys nUM swrI grubwxI zubwnI Xwd hoxI cwhIdI hY
Aqy aus nUM dubwrw ilK skdw hY[ PlsrUp, gurU swihb ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ nUM Kud sMpurn krn l`g
pey[ aus dw Awkwr kwPI v`fw bx igAw Aqy v`fy Awkwr nUM AsIN Aksr smuMdr dI ivSwlqw nwl
AlMkwrk krdy[ ies leI iC`bV ny gurU goibMd jI vloN ilKy ‘Awid gRMQ’ nUM hI ‘smuMdr sdwgr’ gRMQ
dw nW id`qw jwpdw hY[ ieh gRMQ aus Anusqr sMmq 1758 (1701 eI.) ivc srsw ndI pwr kridAW
nSt ho igAw sI[ iksy dUsry bynwmW gRMQ dw izkr vI hY jo pihly nwloN v`Krw sI Aqy ies ivc
Avqwr lIlHw AMkq sI[ ieh gRMQ vI, iC`bV Anuswr, jMg ivc iKMf-puMf igAw sI[ pihlI bIV dw
koeI koeI p`qrw isMGW dy h`Q l`gw sI ijs dIAW 91 sqrW iCbV horW ny vI dyKIAW sn Aqy dUjy gRMQ
dy s`q p`qry lwhOr dy iek isMG h`Q l`gy sn ijnHW dW dIdwr vI iC`bV horW kIqw[ svwl pYdw huMdw hY
ik jy iC`bV ny ‘smuMdr swgr’ dIAW 91 sqrW Aqy Avqwr lIlHw vwly gRMQ dy s`q pqry dyKy sn qW
anHW dw auqwr jW vyrvw ikauN nhIN id`qw? mu`kdI g`l ieh hY ijnHW do bIVW dw izkr kysr isMG iC`bV
krdw hY auh qW nSt ho geIAW sn[ s`B qoN mh`qvpUrn g`l ieh hY ik ienHW ivcoN iksy vI gRMQ ivc
bic`qr nwtk, cMfI icRqr, cMfI dI vwr, icRqropwiKAwn, cObIs Avqwr dw izkr nhIN jo AKOqI
dsm gRMQ dy mu`K Bwg hn[ drAsl iksy vI gRMQ dw nW ‘dsm gRMQ’ nhIN sI[ PlsrUp, ieh inrxw
k`iFAw jw skdw hY ik gurU goibMd isMG jI dy kwl smyN Aqy Akwl clwxw krn qoN bwAd iksy vI
gRMQ dw nW ‘dsm gRMQ’ nhIN sI[
ies ivc koeI C`k nhIN ik iC`bV ^wlsw swjnw nwl sMbMDq swrIAW rhurIqW Aqy rihqW dw izkr
krdw hY ijvyN, pMj ipAwry, pwhul, kys, nW nwl isMG dI vrqoN, Swsqr b`D hoxw, bwxI pVHnw,
dyhDwrI gurU dw AMq Aqy gurg`dI gurU gRMQ swihb nUM bKSxw Aid[ pr pRo. gryvwl dy kihx muqwibk
iC`bV ienHW mh`qvpUr GtnwvW nUM EnI AihmIAq nhIN idMdw ijMnI dyxI cwhIdI sI (“…he talks of
all these in a manner that imparts no significance to them.” ) audwhrn vjoN, rihqW dI ivAwiKA
krdw hoieAw iC`bV ilKdw hY ik kys r`Kxw jnaU pihnx Aqy it`kw lwaux brwbr hY[ pwhul dw pMj
ipAwirAW nwl Aqy msMdW nUM swVn nwl koeI sMbMD nhIN ijs dw is`Dw ArQ ieh inkldw hY ik
‘Awpy gur cylw’ dy sMklp dI koeI mh`qqw jW hoNd nhIN[ bMswblInwmw bRwhmxIkl k`tV soc dI
pYdwvwr hox krky is`K ieiqhws dI mUl Dwrw dw somw sroq nhIN jW bkOl gryvwl,..”does not
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elong to the central stream of Sikh literature.” bMswblInwmw ivc ijnHW do vwDU gRMQW (smuMdr swgr’
Aqy ‘Avqwr lIlw) dw izkr kIqw igAw hY auh vI iC`bV dI bRwhmxIkl soc dI mnGVq pYdwvwr
jwpdy hn[ ipAwrw isMG pdm ny iC`bV dy bMswblInwmy dIAW auxqweIAW dy keI hor p`K vI auGwVy
hn ijnHW ivcoN kuJ ku pdm dI BwSw ivc hyTW ivAkq kIqy jWdy hn[
1. lyKk ny “ieiqhwskwrI dI ic`tI cwdr a`uqy QW QW ^wmu^w purwixk g`pW dw klMk lw C`ifAw hY
qy ies nwl ieiqhwskwrI nUM bhuq Tys phuMcI hY[ iPr ienHW purwxk kQwvW nUM ieqnw ivsQwr
id`qw hY ik ikqy ikqy Asl ieiqhwsk iviQAw iblkul A`KoN aukly ho geI hY”[
2. “ lyKk dy mn au`qy krm-isDWq vI BYVI qrW CwieAw hoieAw hY[ …AOrMgzyb bwry ieh ikhw
hY ik auh duAwpr ivc iksy toBy AMdr kCoprw bx ky iPr irhw sI, gurU qyg bhwdr jI ny
aus nUM ie``tW mwr ky mwirAw sI[ so hux auh bwdSwh ho ky aus kwry dw bdlw lY irhw hy[
ieho ijhIAW kwlpink khwxIAW ieiqhwskwrI dI soBw nhIN vDwauNdIAW, lyKk dy guAwcy
idmwgI sMquln dw idKwvw krdIAW hn”[
3. “AjyhIAW mnGVq kQwvW ilK ky lyKk siqgurW dIAW byimswl kurbwnIAW qy ShIdIAW nU
vI im`tI G`ty rol bYTdw hY ik jy ieh ipCly jnm dy Zlq kMmW dw hI Pl sI qW AsIN ienHW
nUM ShId kih ky ikvyN SrDWjlI Arpx kr skdy hW”[
4. “ kysr isMG iC`bV bRwhmx hY, gurbwxI dy ies isDWq qoN vI jwxU hY ik is`KI ivc jwq pwq
dI mwnqw nhIN hY qy nw hI bRwhmx vrx dI srboqmqw is`KI nUM prvwn hY[ pr auh iPr vI
j`Qy dwA lgdw hY, hr QW bRwhmxW dI qwrIP dy pul bMnH C`fdw hY”[
5. “ gurU swihb ny pMfqW dy khy khwey dyvI pUjw leI hom X`g dw pRbMD krwieAw ikauNik swry
muKI bRwhmx ieho rwie idMdy sn ik mlyCW dy nws leI vyvI pRgt krnw Aiq jrUrI hY…ies
BRWqI nUM dUr krn leI nwtk rcnw zrUrI sI[…so lokW dI ieh Bwvnw dyK ky siqgurW 1735
ib: (1678 eI.) ivc hom X`g dw pRbMD krvwieAw qy bRwhmxW nUM vI ieDroN auDroN bulwieAw[
dyvI qW pRgt nw hoeI pr siqgurW swrI sm`grI AgnI ByNt kr ky qyg cmkweI qy swry lokW
nUM idKweI ik ieho qyg dyvI hY jo duStW dw nwS kr ky ZrIbW DrmIAW dI jY jY kwr
krweygI”[
ienHW ieiqhwsk BulW qoN isvwey iC`bV ny keI hor gurU kwl dy swk sMbMdW bwry vI Zlq
ibAwnIAW kIqIAW hn[
6. srUp dws B`lw: mihmw pRkws (1776 eI.)
ieh gRMQ srUp dws B`lw vloN 1776 eI. ivc iliKAw igAw[ ies ivc aus ny gurUu goibMd jI vloN ilKy
‘ividAw swgr’ nwmIN gRMQ dw izkr hY[B`lw ilKdw hY ik swhby kmwl gurU goibMd isMG ny purwqn
sMsikRq swihq nUM Kud pMjwbI ivc Anuvwd krky ‘ividAw swgr gRMQ’ bxwieAw[ ies kwrj leI
aunHW ny is`KW nUM ikhw ik bnwrs qoN, jo purwnk swihq dw kyNdr hY, ivdvwn pMfqW nUM l`B ky ilAwau
jo purwnk swihq ivc inpun hox, Aqy Awpxy Awpxy gRMQ nwl ilAwaux[ pMfq Awpxy nwl cwr vyd,
ATwrW purwn, Cy SwSqr/ismRqIAW, cObIs Avqwr, Aqy cwr sO cwr nvyN qRIAw cil`qR nwl ilAwey[
gurUu swihb ny pMfqW nUM drbwr ivc iek`qr kIqw Aqy nwl hI kuJ isAwxy gurmuKI ilKx vwly isKW nUM
vI bulw ilAw[ pMfqW nUM ikhw ik qusIN gRMQW ivcoN pVHI jwau, AsIN ies dw grumuKI ivc Anuvwd krI
jwvWgy Aqy is`K ilKwrI gurmuKI ivc ilKI jwxgy[ Anuvwd qoN bwAd ieh swrw swihq iek`qr krky
‘ividAw swgr gRMQ’ iqAwr kIqw igAw qwik sMgq ies nUM sOK nwl pVH sky[ gurU swihb dy ies
krqv qoN sMgq bhu`q inhwl hoeI[
jy srUp dws B`lw dI ilKq dw ivSlySx krIey qW keI svwl KVy ho jWdy hn ijvyN:
Page5

1. jy purwnk swihq is~K sMgqW leI AYnw hI mh`qvpUrn sI qW kI gurU swihb Kud ies nUM is`Dw
sMsikRq ivcoN Anuvwd krky gurmuKI jW ibRj BwSw ivc nhIN ilK jW ilKvw skdy sn? pMfqW nUM
blwaux dI kI loV peI sI?
2. gurmuKI jW ibRj BwSw ivc ilKx vwly gurU swihb dy drbwrI kvI jW inkt vrqI is`K ivdvwn hI
hoxgy ijnHW ivc sYnwpiq, nMd lwl goAw, BweI gurdws dUjw, BweI cOpw isMG, BweI mnI isMG Awid
Swiml sn[ ienHW mhW purSw ny AwpxIAW ilKqW ivc qW iksy ‘ividAw swgr gRMQ’ dw izkr q`k
nhIN kIqw[
3. aunHW ny jy purwnk gRMQ sMsikRq ivcoN pMjwbI ivc Anuvwd kIqy huMdy qW kQq dsm gRMQ ivc, ‘im`qr
ipAwry nUM hwl murIdW dw kihxw’ vrgI TyT pMjwbI ivc ilKI hoeI bwxI imlxI cwhIdI sI[ pr
smkwlI dsm gRMQ ivc TyT pMjwbI ivc ilKI hoeI koeI rcnw nhIN imldI[ bhuqI rcnw ibRj BwSw
Aqy ihMdvI ivc hY Aqy ikqy ikqy aus vyly dI lOkk pMjwbI dw imSrn imldw hY[
4. jy mn vI ilAw jwvy ik gurU swhb ny ‘ividAw swgr gRMQ’ ricAw sI Aqy auh 1701 eI. ivc
isrsw ndI nUM pwr kridAW nSt ho igAw sI qW AXokw dsm gRMQ ik`QoN Aqy ik`dW pYdw ho igAw?
aunIvIN sdI dw is`K ieiqhws
1.BweI sMqoK isMG: isRI gurprqwp sUrj gRMQ (1843 eI.) ‘isRI gurprqwp sUrj gRMQ’ ivc, gurUu kwl
dI ivsQwr sihq kIqI hoeI ivAwiKAw hY[mhW kvI sMqoK isMG gurU goibMd isMG dy
drbwr dIAW gqIAW ivDIAW dw ivsQwr sihq lyKw joKw krdw hY[ mh`qvpUrn g`l ieh hY ik
pihlI vwr gurUu swihb dy drbwr ivc 52 kvIAW dw izkr ies gRMQ ivc AweAw hY[ gurU swihb dI
ingrwnI hyT 52 kvIAW vloN ilKy gey ‘iv`idAwDr gRMQ’ dw hvwlw vI mhW kvI sMqoK isMG dy gRMQ
ivc imldw hY[auh ilKdw hY ik gurUu swihb dy drbwr ivc bvMjw p`ky kvI sn Aqy kuJ sYlwnI kvI
AwauNdy jWdy rihMdy sn[ ienHW swirAW ny rl ky gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ingrwnI hyT brIk brIk
A`KrW ivc bwxI ilKI[ jd p`qirAW nUM qoilAw qW kwZz dw Bwr nO mx inkilAw[ is`D hY ik iek
cOKw motw gRMQ bixAw hovygw ijs nUM ‘ividXwDr gRMQ’ dw nW id`qw igAw[ eyQy do svwl auTdy hn[
pihlw, kI kvIAW nUM ilKx leI koeI Dwrimk ivSw id`qw igAw sI qwik is`K ivcwrDwrw nUM brkrwr
r`Kx leI gRMQ nUM koeI qrqIb d`qI jw sky? dUjw, jy ivSy id`qy/vMfy hoey nhIN sn qW gRMQ dI sMpwdnw
vyly bwxI dI qrqIb ik`dW kIqI geI hovygI? pRc`lq dsm gRMQ dy 1428 siPAW qy jwpu swihb qoN lYky
ihkwieqW q`k 15 prkwr dIAW bwxIAw Aqy kQw khwxIAW drj hn[ ho skdw hY ik gurU swihb ny
kvIAW dI BwSweI ip`TBUmI dyK ky Aqy igAwn dI inpuMqw dy AwDwr qy v`K v`K kvIAW nMUM loVINdy ivSy
id`qy hox, jW kvIAW ny AwpxI kwblIAq dy AwDwr qy Ku`d cuxy hox[ ies mnOq Anuswr ies ivcwr
dI smJ vI l`g jWdI hY ik dsm gRMQ ivclIAW AslI bwxIAW ijvyN jwpu swihb, Akwl ausqiq
(kuJ AMqly suAwlW qoN vgYr), zPrnwmw, qyqI svYXy, Sbd hzwry (im`qr ipAwry qoN vgYr), iek cOpeI
guru goibMd isMG jI ny Awp ilKIAW hox Aqy bwkI dIAW ilKqW ( cObIs Avqwr, bRhm Avqwr,rudr
Avqwr, cirqRo pwKXw Awid) ienHW kvIAW dIAW ikrqW hox[ ‘nwn ibiD kivqw rcI riK riK nO
ris rIq’ dw ArQ vI ieho hY ik keI prkwr dI kivqw nON rsW ivc rcI geI[kwiv Swsqr
Anuswr kivqw dy nON rs ieh hn: iSMgwr, hws, kruxw, rOdr, vIr, iBAwnk, bIBqs, AdBuq, Aqy
SWq rs[ kQq dsm gRMQ ivcoN ienHW swry rsW dI kivqw dIAW bMngIAW imldIAW hn[ ies leI
ies gRMQ ivc iviSAW Aqy sMbMDq rsW dI iBMqw nUM muK rKidAW ieh g`l mn lgdI hY ik AXoky
dsm gRMQ ivclI sm`grI, guru goibMd isMG dI bwxI nUM C`f ky, bwkI drbwrI kvIAW dI ikrq hovy[
ieh sMBwvnw vI ho skdI hY ik snwqnI suBw vwlIAW ikrqW gurU swhb dI ingrwnI hyT jW h`lwSyrI
dyky drbwrI kvIAW qoN ilKvweIAW geIAW hox qwik is`K/isMG ihMdU imiQAws, rhu-rIqW, dyvI
dyviqAW, gYrkudrqI kQw-khwxIAW Aqy smwijk kurIqIAW qoN vwkP ho skx[ sB qoN v`fI sMBwvnw
Page6

ieh hY ik snwqnI ihMdUAW Aqy Kws kry inrmlw pMQIAW ny AMgRyzW dy suAwrQI prBwv hyTW kQq
dsm gRMQ dI im`Q nUM jnm id`qw qwik auh goirAW qoN Awpxw bcwA krn Aqy pysy btorn ivc
kwmXwb ho skx[
BweI sMqoK isMG Anuswr lVweI iCVn kwrn kvIAW nUM AwnMdpur C`fxw ipAw Aqy ‘ividAwDr gRMQ’
ADUrw hI rih igAw[ lVweI dOrwn ieh ADUrw gRMQ gum guAwc igAw Aqy duvwrw pRwpq nhIN ho
sikAw[ AnMdpur swihb ivKy 62 p`qry bcy sn, ijnHW dy AwDwr qy BweI sMqoK isMG ny gurU dI
ausqiq ivc kib`q joVy hn[ svwl pYdw huMdw hY ik ‘ividAwDr gRMQ’ dy nSt hox qoN 142 swlW
bwAd ieh p`qry kvI ny ik`QoN, ik`dW Aqy iks pwsoN pRwpq kIqy, ies bwry kvI iblkul cu`p hY[
AwpxI dlIl dI puStI ivc kvI nUM ienHW p`qirAW dw vyrvw dyxw cwhIdw sI[ ieh ie`ko Gwt kvI
sMqoK isMG dy kQq gRMQ dI gvwhI nUM SMky ivc pw idMdI hY[
igAwnI igAwn isMG: pMQ pRkwS (1880)
igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ‘pMQ pRkwS’ Awpxy ausqwd, pMfq qwrw isMG inroqm dy kihx qy ibRj BwSw
ivc iliKAw[ ies ivc swry gurUAW dy jIvn bwry vwPIAq drj hY[ dsvyN gurU swihb vloN bYswKI
vwly idn pMj ipAwirAW dI cox, ^wlsw dI swjnw, pMj kkwrW Aqy rihq mrXwdw bwry ivsQwr
sihq iliKAw hY[ gurU gRMQ swhb dI mwnqw bwry kvI ilKdw hY:
eyk hrI ds rUp gur gRMQ pMQ ko bMiD]
gRMQ pMQ pRkws Xih Ab brno suKnMd](pqrw 1)
eyk gurU gRMQ inj pMQ ibn AOr TOr]
kwhUM Awgy jwie ikq sIs nw invweIey] (pqrw 161)
swiKAwq rUp ivc ieh bMd gurU Arjn dyv jI vloN sMpwidq isRI guru gRMQ bwry hY ijs ivc ikhw
igAw hY ik rb iek hY ijs dy ds rUp ds gurU hn[ ies gRMQ qoN vgYr is`K pMQ dI hor koeI tyk
nhIN, ies leI ies qoN vgYr iksy hor A`gy sIs nhIN invwauxw cwhIdw[ A`gy c`l ky igAwnI igAwn
isMG ieh vI ilKdw hY:
jo Ab gRMQ dsm guru kyrw] kihlwvq mD pMQ ACyrw]
guru ky smy bIV nhIN qWkI] BeI bwxIAW rhI iekWkI]
AnkY TOr poQIAW mwih] bwxI rhI dsm guru mwih]
ArQwq, ijhVw gRMQ hux dsvyN gurU dw ikhw jw irhw hY, ies nUM pMQ vloN au`cw mMinAW jw irhw hY[ pr
gurU jI dy smyN Ajyhy gRMQ dI koeI bIV nhIN dyKI geI[ kyvl iek`lIAW iek`lIAW bwxIAW dIAW
poQIAW keI QwvIN sn[ ies qrW gurU swhb dI bwxI sWBI hoeI sI[
is`D hY ik dsvyN gurU jI vloN koeI bIV jW gRMQ dI sMpwdnw nhIN sI kIqI geI, bwxIAW poQIAW dy rUp
ivc keI QwvIN sn[ eyQy keI svwl KVy huMdy hn[ pihlw, jy gurU swhb ny koeI bIV sMpwd nhIN
kIqI jW rcI qW pMQ ny kQq gRMQ nUM A`Cw jW au`cw ikvyN mn ilAw? dUjw, ijhVI bwxI poQIAW dy rUp
ivc iK`lrI peI sI, kI prmwx hY ik auh swrI gurU swhb dI ilKI hoeI sI? qIjw, is`K Drm nUM
AduqI rUp dyx vwly dsvyN guUur dI bwxI nUM K`ud gurU swhb vloN jW aunHW dy is`KW vloN ikauN nhIN sWiBAw
igAw? ienHW dy au`qr bVy is`Dy Aqy swdy jhy hn[ gurU swhb pws aunHW dy puriKAW vloN sMpwd kIqw
Page7

hoieAw gUrU gRMQ swihb mOjUd sI ijs nUM aunHW gur g`dI sONpI[ ies leI aunHW nUM iksy hor gRMQ nUM sMpwd
krn jW K`ud rcx dI loV hI nhIN sI[ aunHW dmdmy swihb ivKy Awpxy ipqw, gurU qyg bhwdr jI, dI
bwxI nUM guru gRMQ swihb ivc AMkq krky ies gRMQ nUM sMpUrn kr id`qw[ jy auh cwhuMdy qW AwpxI bwxI
vI AMikq kr skdy sI[ auh jwxdy sn ik gurU gRMQ swihb dy huMidAW aunHW leI koeI dUjw gRMQ sMpwd
krnw is`K Drm dy isDWq dy AnukUl nhIN sI hoxw[ gurU swihb dIAW mwrSl suBw vwlIAW bwxIAW
is`KW nUM zubwnI Xwd sn ikauNik hwlwq dy muqwibk aunHW ivclI Bwvnw dw hr vkq pwlx krnw hr
is`K leI loVIdw sI[
svwl QW dI QW KVHw hY ik iPr dsm gRMQ dI im`Q ikvyN, ikauN, ik`Qy Aqy ik`dW SurU hoeI? ies dw
au`qr vI igAwnI igAwn isMG dy pMQ pRkwS ivc drj hY[
su`Kw isMG gRMQI AOr] rcI bIV ptny mY gOr]
punw cVq isMG qwky pUq] AKr dsm guru smsUq]
kr kY pWc pqry AOr] guru qrPoN ilK pwey gOr]
AOr gRMQ iek vYsw kIE] so bwby hwkm isMG lIE]
so gurdvwry moqI bwg] hY Ab hmny ipKXo iblwg]
AorYN gRMQ keI aun ilKy] AKr guru sm hY hm ipKY]
dsKq dsm guru kY kih kY] kImq leI cOgnI kih kY]
ArQwq, ptny dy gRMQI s`ucw isMG ny Awpxy pu`q, cVHq isMG nwl imlky iek bIV bxweI[ cVHq isMG
dI ilKweI gurU goibMd isMG nwl imldI sI[ aunHW ny pMj pqry Awpxy koloN ilK ky gRMQ nwl joV id`qy
Aqy hor vI vwDY kIqy[ aunHW ny iek hor gRMQ vI bxwieAw Aqy bwbw hwkm isMG nUM sONp id`qw ijhVw
moqI bwg vwly gurduvwry ivc hY jo igAwnI igAwn isMG ny vI dyiKAw[ ikauNik cVHq isMG dI ilKweI
gurU swhb nwl imldI sI ies leI keI qrW dy hor gRMQ vI bxwey[ gurU goibMd swhb dy dsqKW dI
nkl krky aunHW dy nW hyT ptny vwly swDW ny cOgxI kmweI kIqI[ ies qrW ijhVy gRMQ moqI bwg,
ptnw, id`lI ivKy lokW pws pey hn auh ptny dy swDW vloN kmweI krn leI ilKy gey[ PrMgI srkwr
nUM jd ienHW swDW bwry pqw lgw qW aunHW ny ienHW koloN gRMQ KrId ky aus ivc vwDY krwky ienHW rwhIN
pMjwb ivc iBjvwey qwik is`K Drm nUM Klq-mlq krn leI isKW ivckwr SMky pYdw kr skx[
(e) dsm gRMQ dI imQ dw AwrMB: iek PRMgI swzS
ij`Qy vI AMgRyzW ny Awpxw rwj sQwpq krn huMdw sI auQy pihlW imSnrIAW vloN lokW nUM iesweI
bnwaux dw kMm AwrMBdy sn[ imSnrIAW nUM ieh isKlweI id`qI jWdI hY ik s`B qoN pihlW auh
sQwnk grIb jMqw nUM rozI rotI dw lwlc dyky Awpxy p`K ivc krn Aqy nwl hI aunHW dy Drm gRMQW dI
mrXwdw nUM gMDlw krky lok nUM iesweI bxwaux vl pryrn [ ieho pYNqVw aunHW ny is`K rwj nUM Klq
mlq krn leI vriqAw[
18vIN sdI dy AKIr ivc jd AMgRyzW ny d`Kx pUrbI ielwky ij`q ky Awpxw rwj p`kw kr ilAw qW
aunHW ny id`lI Aqy pMjwb vl mUMh moiVAw[ aus vyly pMjwb ivc isK imslW dw rwj sI ijnHW dIAW
is`K PojW dI qwkq Aqy bhwdrI qoN AMgRyz frdy sn[ imslW dy srdwr gurU nwnk dyv vloN mUl mMqr
ivc pirBwSq kIqy gey iek pRmwqmw/rb dy sMklp Aqy dsm pwqSwh dy AwdyS, ‘gurU mwinaUN gRMQ’
ivc XkIn rKdy sn[ies leI imSnrI pYNqVy qihq aunHW ny s`B qoN pihlW is`KW dy Drm gRMQ ‘gurU
gRMQ swihb’ nUM gMDlw krn dI mnSw nwl dsm gRMQ dI im`Q SurU kIqI[aunHW idnW ivc ptny swihb
Page8

dw qKq klk`qy ivc sQwpq ho cukI AMgRyz hkUmq hyT AwauNdw sI[aunHW nUM pqw sI ik is`KW dI qwkq
iek r`b-iek gRMQ-iek pMQ dy sMkp ivc ivdmwn hY ijs dI ADwriSlw ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ hY[sbb
nwl gurU goibMd isMG jI dw jnm vI ptny dw sI ies leI AMgRyzW ny eIsweI swzS ptny swihb qoN
SUrU kIqI[ ies swzS ivc ptny qKq dy krqw Drqw inrmly swD idAwl isMG, nvl isMG Aqy gRMQI
su`Kw isMG sn Aqy klk`qy dy guduAwry dw rKvwlw Awqmw rwm Swiml sI[ienHw pws ‘nwnk pMQI
kwivX’ nwmIN gRMQ sI jo ihMdvI ivc iliKAw hoieAw sI ijs dw izkr igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ‘pMQ
pRkwS’ ivc kIqw hY[ (su`Kw isMG gRMQI AOr] rcI bIV ptny mY gOr])[ ies bIV bwry cwrlz
ivlkn ny vI 1781 eI. ivc suixAw sI[ies gRMQ dy nW qoN Bwsdw hY ik ies ivc gurU nwnk vloN
clwey gey is`K pMQ nwl sMbMdq bwxI sI, ArQwq, ieh Awid/krqwrpurI bIV dI nkl hI sI ijs
ivc inrmilAW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nW hyT auh bwxI vI drj kr r`KI sI, kuJ jo aus vyly
pRc`lq sI Aqy kuJ Awpxy kloN ilK ky pweI hoeI sI ijs dI AgvwhI igAwnI igAwn isMG vI
idMdw hY:
punw cVq isMG qwky pUq] AKr dsm guru smsUq]
kr kY pWc pqry AOr] guru qrPoN ilK pwey gOr]
AOr gRMQ iek vYsw kIE] so bwby hwkm isMG lIE]
aus vyly klk`qy ivc kolbruk ibRitS AYfminstRytr sI, cwrlz ivlknz ibRitS lwiebRyrI dw
iencwrj sI Aqy jOhn mYlkm imltRI AYfminstRytr sI[ lgdw ieauN hY ik ienHW goirAW ny
inrmilAW nwl iml ky ‘gurU nwnk kwivX’ ivcoN dsm pwqSwh dI bwxI nUM judw krvwky ies ivc
gurU jI dI bwxI nwl imldy-juldy hor slokW nUM rlwieAw qwik ies nUM dsm gRMQ dw rUp id`qw jkw
sky[ keI ieiqhwskwr, ijvyN kysr isMG iC`bV (bMswvlInwmw) Aqy BweI sMqoK isMG (isRI gurprqwp
sUrj gRMQ) kuJ ‘Kws p`qirAW’ dw izkr krdy hn jo gurU goibMd isMG swihb Aqy aunHW dy drbwrI
kvIAW vloN rcy Fyr swry swihq dy srsw ndI ivc nSt hox qoN bwAd kuJ is`KW dy h`Q l`gy sn[
igAwnI igAwn isMG ny ‘pMQ pRkwS’ (1880) ivc iliKAw hY ik su`Kw isMG (jo bwAd ivc q`Kq ptnw
swihb dw jQydwr bixAw) dw pu`q cVHq isMG ienHW Kws p`qirAW dy auqwirAW nUM mu`l vyc ky kmweI
krdw sI[ Swied ieh auhI p`qry hox ijnHW qy ilKI hoeI bwxI nUM dsvIN pwqSwhI dI ikAws krky
‘nwnk pMQI kwivX’ ivc rlwieAw igAw hovy[ ieh vI iliKAw imldw hY ik su`Kw isMG dI h`Q-ilKq
gurU goibMd isMG jI dI hQ-ilKq nwl imldI sI[ ho skdw hY ik aus ny imldy ‘Kws p`qirAW’ dI
ilKq nUM vwc ky AiBAws nwl AwpxI h`Q-ilKq nUM aunHW qy ilKy hoey A`KrW vrgw bxw ilAw hovy
Aqy ieh gux (AOgx) gurU jI dy nW hyT mMGVq bwxI ilKx dy kMm AwieAw hovy[ igAwnI igAwn
isMG ny vI iliKAw hY ik cVHq isMG ny pMj p`qry Awpxy koloN ilK ky gRMQ ivc pwey (kr kY pWc pqry
AOr] guru qrPoN ilK pwey gOr])[ieh dlIL TIk lgdI hY ikauNik cVHq isMG gurU goibMd isMG dy nW
hyT p`qirAW dy auqwry vycdw sI AslI aus pws rihMdy sn[ jy auh p`qirAW dy rUp ivc bwxI vyc
skdw sI qW lwlc ivc Awky aus ny gurU jI dy nW hyTW hor bwxI vI ilKI hovygI jo ‘nwnk p`QI
kwivX’ ivc gurU goibMd isMG jI dy nW hyT drj kIqI hovygI[
aorokq mnOqW (Hypotheses) mUloN mnGVq Aqy dlIL rihq nhIN hn ikauNik ienHW dI ipTBUmI ivc
ieiqhwsk gvwhI vI imldI hY[ies qrW iBMn iBMn ilKqW dy joV nwl jd ‘nwnk pMQI kwivX’ v`f
Awkwrw gRMQ bx igAw qW AMgRyzW ny ies nUM inrmilAW koloN grumuKI ivc ilpIAMqr krvwky ies dw
nW ‘gurmuKI gRMQ dsvW pwSwhI’ r`K id`qw igAw[ ptny vwly inrmilAW vloN bxwey iesy gRMQ nUM
kolbruk ny pRwpq krky klk`qy ivKy ies dI kwpI bxweI Aqy ibRitS lwiebRyrI nUM sONp id`qI ijs dw
iencwrj cwrz ivlknz sI[ iesy gRMQ nUM jOhn mYlkm ny AwpxI pusqk Sketch of the Sikhs
Page9

(1810-1812) ilKx leI vriqAw[ Aqy iesy gRMQ nUM inrmilAW dI shwieqw nwl pMjwb dy
gurduAwirAW ivc DirAw ArQwq, Transplant kIqw igAw qwik is`K Drm nUM Korw lwieAw jw sky[
mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG ny imslW nUM iek`Tw krky 1799 eI. ivc pMjwb qy rwj sQwpq kr ilAw[ PRMgI
rwjnIqI vrq ky AMgRyzW ny is`K sqluj dirAw dy cVHdy pwsy dIAW irAwsqW nwl 1809 eI. ivc sMDI
krky siqluj dy ielwky q`k phuMc kwiem kr leI[ auprokq gRMQ nUM sqluj dy cVHdy pwsy q`k vMf ky
is`KW nUM BMblBUsy ivc pwauxw SurU kr id`qw[ mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj ivc iksy dsm gRMQ dw
G`t vD hI pqw sI Aqy nw hI ieh gRMQ kdy drbwr swihb ivc pRkwS kIqw igAw sI[ sn 1846
ivc DoKy nwl eYNglo is`K lVweI ij`qx auprMq AMgRyzW ny ies gRMQ nUM jnvrI 1847 ivc ihMdI ivc
aulQw ky ihMdUAW Aqy is`KW nUM ieko Drm mrXwdw nwl joVnw cwihAw[ cOvIS AvqwrW dy nwvW dy
ADwr qy is`K Drm dy < dy sMklp dI vjwey Anyk ENkwr dI imQ eIjwd krky is`KW nUM ihMdUAW nwl
rlgf krnw cwihAw[ArQwq, is`K Drm dy sUqr ‘mUlmMqr’ ivc AMkq is`KW dy iek eISrvwdI
sMklp nUM qoVn dI koiSS kIqI[ ies prkwr 1849 ivc ihMdU Aqy is`KW nUM kMtrol ivc krky ‘is`K’
Aqy ‘ihMdU’ dy Byd nUM mtwauxw cwihAw[ mhWrwjw dlIp isMG nUM qW c`k ky ieMglyNf lY gey qwik pMjwb
coN is`K rwj dw nwmoinSwn hI imt jwvy[ ieiqhws ivc ieh pihlI durGtnw hY ij`Qy iksy mulk dy
hukmrwn nUM D`ky nwl cu`k ky dyS inkwlw id`qw igAw hovy Aqy Drm bdlx leI mzbUr kIqw igAw
hovy[
1. kolbruk vwlI bIV (Mss D5 PunjabI (HT Colebrook)
kQq dsm gRMQ dw mu`f kolbruk (Colebrook) vwlI bIV qoN b`Jw[ ATwrvIN sdI dy AKIr q`k iksy
vI gRMQ dI koeI au`g-s`uG nhIN imldI ijs dw nW ‘isRI dsm gRMQ’, ‘dsm pwqSwhI dw gRMQ’, ‘gurU
goibMd isMG jI dw gRMQ’ jW ‘dsm gRMQ’ hovy[ aouprokq id`qy pMjwbI ieiqhwsk sroqW dy nwl nwl,
BwrqI, ArbI-PwrsI Aqy p`CmI somw sroq vI kQq dsm gRMQ bwry cu`p hn[ ijnHW gRMQW dw ieiqhws
ivc izkr AwieAw hY ijvyN smuMdr swgr (kysr isMG iC`bV), ividAw swgr (srUp dws B`lw),
ividAwDr gRMQ (BweI sMqoK isMG), Aqy iek`lIAW poQIAW (igAwnI igAwn isMG), lKkW du Anuswr
ieh swry nSt ho cuky ho cuky hn[ ies leI is`K ieiqhws ivc koeI vI ‘dsm gRMQ’ nwmI gRMQ nhIN
imldw jo gurU swihb dy dsqy mubwrk nwl ricAw igAw hovy[ pihlI vwr jOhn mYlkm (John
Malcolm) ny AwpxI pusqk, Sketch of the Sikhs, ivc “dsvW pwqSwh kw gRMQ” nW vriqAw[ aus
ny iliKAw ik pMjwb ivcoN 1805 eI. ivc aus nUM kyvl “gurU gRMQ swihb” dI kwpI imlI pr ‘dsvIN
pwqSwhI kw gRMQ’ dI kwpI klk`qy qoN AYc. tI. kolbruk (H.T. Colebrook) koloN imlI jo aus ny
AxQk Koj krky bVy XqnW nwl pRwpq kIqI[ mYlkm dy Awpxy SbdW ivc iliKAw hY:
“I succeeded with difficulty in obtaining a copy of the Adi-Granth and some historical tracts, the
most essential parts of which, when I returned to Calcutta, were explained to me by a Sikh priest
of the Nirmala order, whom I found equally intelligent and communicative, and who spoke of
the religion and ceremonies of his sect with less restraint than any of his brethren whom I had
met with in Penjab…however, that the indefatigable research of Mr. Colebrook has procured not
only the Adi-Granth, but also the Dasima Padshah ka Granth; and that, consequently, he is in
possession of the two most sacred books of the Sikhs.”
jOhn mYlkm, lOrf lyk (Lord Lake) nwl 1805 ivc pMjwb AwieAw; aus nwl irAwsq jINd dw
rwjw Bwg isMG vI sI[ ieh swry ibAws dirAw q`k gey[ pihlI g`l qW ieh hY ik mYlkm nUM AjyhI
ikhVI loV pY geI sI ik aus nUM is`KW dy Drm gRMQW nUM Bwlx leI pMjwb Awauxw ipAw Aqy bVI
Page10

muSkl nwl ‘Awid gRMQ’ pRwpq kr sikAw pr dsm gRMQ Pyr vI apul`bd nhIN hoieAw[pMjwb ivc
aus vyly is`KW dI hkUmq sI Aqy ieh is`K kOm dw mulk sI[mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj ivc
AkwlI PUlw isMG Aqy hrI isMG nlUey vrgr joDy dsvyN gurU dy sMpUrn is`K sn[ jy aunHW nUM iksy dsm
gRMQ dw QO pqw nhIN sI qW hor iks nUM ikvyN ho skdw hY[ svwl pYdw huMdw hY ik pMjwb dy is`K rwj
ivcoN mYlkm nUM dsm gRMQ ikauN nw iml sikAw? ies dw auqr ieh hY ik pMjwb ivc aus vyly kyvl
‘gurU gRMQ sihb’ hI gurduAwirAW ivc pRkwS kIqw jWdw sI[ ikauNik ies qoN vgYr is`KW dw koeI hor
gRMQ hY hI nhIN sI ies leI dsm gRMQ ik`QoN imlxw sI[[idlcsp pr hYrwnI vwlI g`l ieh hY ik
mYlkm nUM dsm gRMQ klk`qy ivcoN kolbruk koloN pRwpq hoieAw ij`Qy is`KW dI vsoN Awty ivc lUx vWg
sI[ ptnw Aqy klk`qy ivc gurduAwry sn ijnHW nUM inrmly kMtRol krdy sn ijnHW nwl iml ky goirAW
ny dsm gRMQ dI im`Q nUM SurU kIqw[
mYlkm dI pusqk 1810 eI. ivc CwpI geI ijs ivc pihlI bwr ‘dsmw pwqSwh kw gRMQ’ dw nW
vriqAw igAw jo aus ny kolbruk qoN pRwpq kIqw[ AYc. tI. kolbruk ny ieho bIV 1812 ivc ibRitS
lwiebRyrI, lMdn nUM sONp id`qI jo lwiebRyrI kYtwlOg nMbr Mss D5 Punjabi (H.T. Colebrook) nW hyT
drj hY[ ieh bIV ikhVy swl ivc ik`QoN, ikvyN, Aqy ikhdy koloN pRwpq kIqI geI, ies bwry nw qW
bIV ivc koeI swiKAwq gvwhI hY, nW kolbruk hI kuJ dsdw hY Aqy nw hI mYlkm nUM koeI QOh pqw
hY[pr iek g`l insicq hY ik ieh, QoVIAW sqrW nUM C`f ky, kQq gRMQ nwl, imldI hY[ hyTW soDk
kmytI vlon soDy dsm gRMQ Aqy kolbruk vwlI bIVW dI smwnqw Aqy AMqr dw lyKw-joKw krdy hW
2. dsm gRMQ Aqy kolbrub vwlI bIV ivc AMqr
sB qoN pihlI Aqy mh`qvpUrn g`l ieh hY ik kolbruk Aqy Cpy hoey dsm gRMQW dIAW vK vK bIVW
ijvyN, jvwhr isMG vwlI bIV (1979 eI.), cqr isMG jIvn isMG vwlI bIV (1998 eI.), rqn isMG
j`gI vloN (1999 eI.) vloN tIky leI vrqI geI bIV ivc QoVw-vwhlw Prk hY[ ieh swrIAW bIVW
soDk kmytI vloN sMpwd kIqy gey dsm gRMQ dIAW kwpIAW hoxIAW cwhIdIAW sn pr ienHW ivc vI
QoVHw QoVHw Prk hY[ AsIN kyvl cqr isMG jIvn isMG vloN pRkwSq kIqy hoey dsm gRMQ dw kolbruk
vwlI bIV nwl qulnw krWgy[ cqr isMG jIvn isMG vwlI bIV ivc rcnwvW dI qrqIb, siPAW
smyq, ies prkwr hY: jwpu (1-10), Akwl ausqiq (11-38), bicqR nwtk (39-73), cMfI cirqR-1
(74-99), cMfI cirqR-2 (100-119), vwr durgw kI (119-127), igAwn pRboD (127-155), cObIs
Avqwr (155-611), bRhm Avqwr (611-635), rudR Avqwr (635-709), (Putkl rcnwvW) Sbd
hjwry-rwmklI pw. 10 (709-712), svYXy (712-716), Kwlsw mihmw-svYXy (716-717), ssqR nwm
mwlw (717-808), cirqRopwiKAwn (809-1388), jPrnwmw (1389-1394) Aqy ihkwieqW (1394-
1428)[ mukwbly qy kolbruk bIV ivc ieh qrqIb keI QwvW qy imldI hY keI ihisAW ivc kwPI
AMqr hY[ dohW ivc bwxIAW dI qrqIb hyT id`qI jWdI hY[
kQq dsm gRMQ
kolbruk bIV
1. jwpu 1. jwpu
2. Akwl ausqiq 2. Akwl ausqiq
3. bicqR nwtk (ApnI kQw) 3. bicqR nwtk
4. cMfI cirqR ( aukiq iblws) 4. cMfI cirqR
5. cMfI cirqR (dUjw) 5. cMfI cirqR-2
6. vwr sRI BgauqI jI kI 6. vwr BgauqI jI kI
(vwr durgw kI)
Page11

7. igAwn pRboD 7. igAwn pRboD
8. cObIs Avqwr (ibsnwvqwr) 8. cObIs Avqwr
9. aup Avqwr (bRhmw Aqy rudR) 9. bRhmwvqwr
10. Sbd hzwry 10. rudRwvqwr
11. 33 svYXy 11. SsqR nwmmwlw
12. Kwlsw mihmw 12. 32 svYXy
13, SsqR nwmmwlw 13. Kwlsw mihmw, svYXy
14. cirqRopwiKAwn 14. Sbd hzwry
15. z&rnwmw-ihkwieqW 15. cirqRopwiKAwn
16. ------------ 16. z&rnwmw
17. ------------ 17. ihkwieqW
is`D hY ik dohW bIVW ivc kuJ bwxIAW dI qrqIb imldI hY pr kuJ dI nhIN imldI[ pr dohW ivc
swrIAW bwxIAW mOjUd hn[ soDk kmytI ny jd 1897 eI. dOrwn dsm gRMQ dI sMpwdnw kIqI qW koeI
32 gRMQW (AsvwirAW) dw Awsrw ilAw igAw[ ieh gRMQ v`Kry v`Kry sMqW, swDW jW m`TW dy fyirAW
ivc mOjUd sn Aqy aunHW dI AwpxI AwpxI SrDw Anuswr pVHy Aqy pUjy jWdy sn[ AvqwrW Aqy dyvI
dyiqAW dI mh`qqw hr fyry leI v`KrI v`KrI sI[iksy dI ikRSn Avqwr Aqy iksy dI rwm Avqwr
ivc SrDw sI Aqy keI m`T Ajyhy vI sn jo iesqRIic`q sn Aqy cirqRopwiKAwn dI pUjw krdy sn[
ies leI ho skdw hY ik sMpwdnw dOrwn fyirAW dy pRBwv hyTW bwxIAW dI qrqIb ivc Adlw bdlI
kIqI geI hovy[iesy krky kQq dsm gRMQ dI sMpwdnw dOrwn soDk kmytI dy do DiVAW (lwhOr DVw
Aqy AMimRsr DVw) ivc bwxIAW dI AsihmqI krky Axbx vI hoeI sI! PlsrUp, aus qoN bwAd ivc
Cwpy gey dsm gRMQW dIAW bIVW ivc QoVHw bwhlw AMqr AwieAw jwpdw hY[
3. dsm gRMQ Aqy kolbruk bIV dy qqkirAW dI qulnw:
dsm gRMQ, QoVHIAW jhIAW iBMnqwvW aprMq, kolbruk vwlI bIV nwl imldw hY[ gOh nwl piVHAW ienHW
dohW gRMQW ivc bwxIAw dI qrqIb Aqy AMdrlI smgrI ivc jo QoVHy-bwhly AMqr hn auh hyT id`qy
jWdy hn[
1. dsm gRMQ dy mukwbly qy kolbruk bIV ivc SsqR nwmmwlw, svYXy, Kwlsw mihmw Aqy Sbd
hzwry qoN pihlW AwauNdw hY[
2. dsm gRMQ ivc Sbd hzwry, svYXy Aqy Kwlsw mihmw qoN pihlW hY pr kolbruk vwlI bIV ivc
bwAd ivc hY[
3. dSm gRMQ ivc ikRSnwvqwr dy CMdW dI igxqI 2492 pr kolbruk bIV ivc 2490 hn[ dsm
gRMQ dw CMd nM. 2490 kolbruk vwlI bIV ivc drj nhIN[ ies CMd ivc ikRSwvqwr dI ilKx
qwrIK sMmq 1745 (1688 eI.) id`qI hoeI hY[ swP zwihr hY ik ieh CMd bwAd ivc drj
kIqw igAw qwik dsm gRMQ dI ilKx qwrIK gurU goibMd isMG jI dy kwl nwl mycI jw sky[
4. dsm gRMQ dy CMd nM. 1509 Aqy 1510 korbruk vwlI bIV ivc CMd nM. 1509 ivc sMimlq kIqy
hoey hn[
5. dsm gRMQ ivc rwmklI dy 10 CMd hn jdik korbruk vwlI bIV ivc kyvl 7 hn[
6. dsm gRMQ ivc 33 svYXy hn jdik kolbruk ivc 32 hn, pihlw svYXw nhIN hY[
7. kolbruk vwlI bIV ivc cirqRopwiKAwn dy kul 7556 CMd hn pr dsm gRMQ ivc kul 7555
hn[ ieh igxqI krn ivc ZlqI hY ikauNik cirqR nM. 403 CMd 7151 qy Kqm huMdw hY, cirqR
Page12

404 ivc 405 CMd hn ies leI kul joV 7556 bxdw hY jo kolbruk vwlI bIV ivc id`qw
igAw hY[
8. kolbruk vwlI bIV ivc z&rnwmw Aqy ihkwieqW dy AMq ivc CMdW dw kul joV 858 id`qw
igAw hY pr dsm gRMQ ivc AMq qy Ajyhw koeI kul joV nhIN hY[ pr igixqI krn nwl ieh
nMbr 858 hI bxdw hY[ dsm gRMQ ivc ihkwieq nM. 12 ivc Cy CMd vwDU hn[
pwTkW dI shUlq leI ieho vwkPIAq iek cwrt dy rUp ivc id`qI jWdI hY[
bwxI dsm gRMQ kolbruk bIV not
ikRSn Avqwr 2492 2490 kolbruk ivc CMd nM. 2490 nhIN ijs
ivc ilKx qwrIK 1688 eI. id`qI hY[
CMd 1509+1510= kolbruk CMd nM. 1509 hY[
Sbd hjwry 10 7 dsm gRMQ ivc AKIrly iqn CMd vwDU hn[
svYXy 33 32 kolbruk bIV ivc pihlw svYXw nhIN hY[
cirqRopwiKAwn 7555 7556 dohW ivc 404 cirqR hn[ dsm gRMQ ivc cirqR
1 qoN 403 q`k 7151 CMd hn, cirqR 404 ivc 405
CMd hn; kul igxqI hoeI 7151+405=7556[ieh
dsm gRMQ dI igxqI ivc ZlqI hY[
jPrnwmw Aqy 858+ 6 CMd 858 dsm gRMQ dI ihkwieq 12 ivc 6 CMd vwDU hn[
ihkwieqW dI
kul igxqI
AwpxI dlIL nUM hor sp`St krn leI cirqRopwiKAwn dI audwhrn lYNdy hW jo kQq dsm gRMQ
dw qkrIbn qIjw ih`sw hY[ jvwhr isMG vwlI dsm gRMQ dI bIV Aqy fw. j`gI vloN vrqI
geI bIV, ‘sRI dsm gRMQ swihb-pwT sMpwdn Aqy ivAwiKAw’ ivc cirqRopwiKAwn dy 405
cirqR hn[ jvwhr isMG vwlI bIV ivc iek qoN 404 cirqR q`k 7151 CMd hn Aqy cirqR
405 ivc 405 CMd hn; kul igxqI hoeI 7151+405= 7556 jo kolbruk bIV dy brwbr hY[
j`gI vwlI bIV ivc iek qoN 403 cirqR q`k 7134 CMd hn Aqy cirqR 404 ivc 305 CMd hn,
kul igxqI hoeI 7134+ 305 = 7439 CMd[ 405vW cirqR cOpeI dy rUp ivc hY ijs ivc gRMQ
dI ilKx qwrIK 1753 ibkrmI (1694 eI.) id`qI hoeI hY jo sqluj dy kMFy bYT ky iliKAw
igAw[(ieh cOpeI bwAd ivc drj kIqI geI qwik rcnw nUM gurU goibMd isMG dy vyly dI is`D
kIqI jw sky[)[ j`gI Anuswr “ kuJ cirqR kQwvW iek qoN v`D AiDAwvW ivc psrIAW
hoeIAW hn, ijvyN AnUp kOr dy cirqR dw vrxn iqMn AiDAwvW (21,22 Aqy 23) ivc hoieAw
hY[ iesy qrW AihilAw gOqm dI kQw vI iqMn AiDAwvW (115, 116 Aqy 117) ivc vrixq
hY[ ies qrW dy kuJ hor cirqR-pRsMg vI hn[ spSt hY ik cirqR sMiKAw 404 qoN vI Gt hY[
Anumwn hY ik ieh igxqI 395 (cirqRW) dy nyVy qyVy bYTygI”[
kolbruk bIV dI ilKx qwrIK:
Page13

kolbruk vwlI bIV dy AMdr ikqy vI ilKx dI koeI pRmwixk qvwrIK drj nhIN Aqy nw hI ies qy
iksy lyKk/kwiqb dw nW hY[ pr kuJ hyTly q`q ies dI ilkx qwrIK bwry cwnxw pwauNdy hn:
1. bIV dy 158 Aqy 159 vrikAW dy ivckwr 3 X 2 ieMc lMbI kwqr r`KI hoeI ijs dy iek
pwsy qy 1840 imqI pUSbdI (poh), 15 mMglvwr (dsMbr 23, 1783 eI.) iliKAw hY[ AMdrlI
gvwhI qoN vI pqw lgdw hY ik ieh dsMbr 23, 1783 nUM iliKAw igAw[
2. sMn 1976 ivc fw. SYkl vloN ilKI geI pusqk, ‘Catalogue of the Punjabi and Sindhi
Manuscripts in the India Office Library’ ivc iliKAw hY ik ies gRMQ dI SYlI qoN ieh 18vIN
sdI dI ikrq jwpdI hY[
3. sMn 1781 eI. ivc cwrlz ivlikn (Charles Wilkin) ny ptny ivKy ‘nwkk pMQI kwvX’ gRMQ
bwry suixAw sI, jo ihMdvI Aqy sMsikRq ivc iliKAw hoieAw sI Aqy ausy nUM BivK ivc
Anuvwd krwaux bwry vI iliKAw hY[ ies gRMQ nUM bwAd ivc ‘dsvW pwqSwh kw gRMQ’ ivc
qbdIl kiqw igAw[
4. rxDIr isMG AwpxI pusqk, ‘Sbd mUrq--dsvyN pwqSwh dw ieiqhws’ (1965), dy 52 pMny qy
iek Cpy hoey gRMQ nUM vwc ky ilKdw hY ik ieh 1783 eI. ivc iliKAw jwpdw hY[ ieh gRMQ
aus ny klk`qw ivKy gurduAwrw ‘Cotw sMgq, qUlw p`tI’ ivc dyiKAw sI[ aus Anuswr klk`qy
vwlI ieh bIV, igAwnI igAwn isMG jI vloN ivcwrIAW geIAW cwr bIVW ivcoN iksy nwl
nhIN imldI Aqy nw hI ieh mnI isMG bIV Aqy ptnw swihb vwlI bIV nwl imldI hY[ pr
ieh 1900 ivc soDk kmytI vloN Cwpy dsm gRMQ nwl imldI hY[
aurokq ivSSlySx qoN ieho nqIjw inkldw hY ik klk`qy vwly gRMQ dI ilKx qwrIK 1783 eI. hY jo
kolbruk bIV dI qwrIK 1783 nwl imldI hY[ dohW dI smgrI iblkul iek hY jo soDk kmytI dy
gRMQ nwl vI mycvIN hY[ies dw swrMs ieh hY ik kolbruk ny klkqy vwly gRMQ dI kwpI krky ibRtS
lwiebryrI nUM dwn kr id`qI Aqy iek kwqr qy ilKx qwrIK 1783 drj krky bIV ivc r`K
id`qI[
klk`qy ivKy ‘gurduAwrw Cotw sMgq’ s`B qoN purwxw hY jo hmySw ptnw swhb gurduAwry dy inrmilAW dy
AiDkwr ivc irhw[ ieh gurduAwrw, qKq hrmMdr swihb, ptnw, dI mlkIAq sI Aqy ptnw aus
vyly bMgwl pRWq dw ih`sw sI (see Sikhs in Bihar by Ved Parkash) [ lgdw hY ik inrmlw Awqmw
rwm klk`qy dy ies gurduAwry dw gRMQI sI ijs qoN kolbruk ny ies gRMQ dI kwpI pRwpq kIqI[
srvrk qy inrmilAW vloN ilKy “nwnk pMQI kwivX” dy au`qy lIk vwh ky “gurmuKI gRMQ dsvI
pwqSwhI” ilK id`qw[ies ivc r`KI 3 X 2 ieMc kwqr qy ilKy hoey Sbd ‘pUSbdI’ qoN vI zwihr hY
ik ies bIV dw rcyqw pMjwboN bwhrlw koeI inrmlw hY ijs dw nW Awqmw rwm sI[ Awqmw rwm ny
Akwl ausqiq ivc CMd 201 Aqy cwr CMg (126-130) igAwn pRboD ivc Awpxy vloN ilK ky AMikq
kIqy jwpdy hn[ ienHW CMdW dw vyrvw ies prkwr hY[
mhw sur pwieE nih pwr]20]200]qvpRswid] dohrw]
eyk smY sRI Awqmw aucirE mq isau bYn]
su prqwp jgdIs ko kho skl ibD qYn]1]202]dohrw]
ko Awqmw srUp hY khw isRst ko ibcwr]
kaun Drm ko krm hY kho skl ibsQwr]2]202] dohrw]
Page14

igAwn prboD dy CMd ivc vI Awqmw rwm dw nW AwauNdw hY:
pwDCI CMd qvpRswid]idn Ajb eyk Awqmw rwm]
kolbruk ny ptny dy grMQI suKw isMG dI m`dd nwl ies gRMQ nUM mukMl kIqw[
kolbruk bIV Aqy dsm gRMQ ivc kuJ CMdW dI igxqI ivc Prk hY pr bhuqw nhIN[ audwhrn dy qOr
qy kuJ bwxIAW dw AMqr hyT id`qw jWdw hY[
jOhn mYlkm ny (Sketch of the Sikhs,1810) ieh vI ikhw hY ik AwpxI pusqk ilKx leI aus ny fw.
Lyfn dw Anuvwd kIqw hoieAw ‘bic`qr nwtk’ gRMQ vriqAw[ pr lyfn ny kyvl bic`qr nwtk dy
14 bMdW dw Anuvwd kIqw sI ijs dw KrVw, MSS IOR EUR Mckanzie volume 40, dy nW hyT ibRtS
lwiebRyrI ivc sWiBAw hoieAw hY[ ies dy muK pMny qy iliKAw hoieAw hY:
Sri Bichetra-Natuk by Guru Govind Sing Translated from a Sikh MS by Dr. Leyden.
ies KrVy ivc ikqy vI dsm gRMQ dw nW nhIN hY[ ies dI AMdrlI gvwhI qoN pqw lgdw hY ik: ies
ivc keI Zlq ibAWnIAW hn ijvyN,
• gurU goibMd isMG vwlw kWf, jo pMjwbI dI aup-bolI fogrI ivc hY, AvqwrW nwl SurU huMdw hY
Aqy gurU swihb dIAW phwVI rwijAW Aqy KwnW nwl hoeIAW lVweIAW bwry jwxkwrI dyx qoN
bwAd gurU swihb dy mUMh lko ky A`DI rwq nUM cmkOr dI gVHI ivcoN kUc krn nwl AMq huMdw
hY[
• Bgq rqnwvlI vwly Bwg ivc jo nwrdmunI, pRhlwd, rwjw jnk, rwjw hrIS cMdr, dRopqI,
pWfv, jYdyv, nwmdyv, qRlOcn, DMnw j`t, kuvyr, ieMdRw, bwlmIk, goibMd rwey, ikRSnw bwry
iliKAw hY auh BweI gurdws (jo Awid guru gRMQ swihb dw kwiqb sI) dI dsvIN vwr dw
aulQw hY[
• igAwn rqnwvlI BweI gudws dI pihlI vwr dw aulQw hY[
4. kQq dsm gRMQ dy nW dw pihlI vwrI vrnx:
dsm gRMQ dI gwQw jOhn mYlkm dI pusqk, ‘Sketch of the Sikhs’ dy Cpx nwl SurU hoeI ijs ivc
pihlI vwrI nW ‘dsvW pwdSwh kw gRMQ’ (Dasima Padshah ka Granth) AwieAw[ ies dw ADwr
kolbruk vwlI bIV sI jo 1783 eI. ivc muk`ml kIqI geI[ kolbruk vwlI bIV dy srvrk qy ihMdI
ivc do nW ilKy hoey hn: pihlw nW sI ‘nwnk pMQI kwivX’ Aqy ies dy au`qy lIk vwhky ihMdI ivc
“gurmuKI gRMQ dsvI pwqswhI” iliKAw hoieAw hY[ dohW nwvW dw ilKx FMg, SYlI Aqy ishweI ivc
Prk hY[ ihMdI ivc ilKx qoN Bwsdw hY ik ieh gRMQ pihlW ihMdI ivc sI Aqy bwAd ivc ies nUM
gurmuKI ilpI ivc ilpIAMqr kIqw igAw[ies dw mqlb ieh hoieAw ik ATwrvIN sdI dy AwKIr
q`k iksy dsm gRMQ dI koeI au`G-su`G nhIN sI[ AMgRyzW ny socI smJI cwl hyT ieh gRMQ pYdw kr
ilAw qwik mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dy is`K rwj ivc is`KW dy mnW ivc duibDw Aqy Brm BulyKy pwky
Pu`t pweI jw sky[ aunHW dw mUl mu`dw is`K rwj nUM Korw lwky pMjwb nUM Pqih krnw sI ijs ivc auh
AMq nUM kwmXwb ho gey[
kolbrok vwlI bIV dy sMkln smyN Anyk hor bIVW vI imldIAW sn ijvyN, (1) BweI mnI isMG vwlI
bIV (2), ptny vwlI bIV, (3) sMgrUr vwlI bIV, (4) moqI bwg vwlI bIV: (5) bwbw dIp isMG bIV,
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(6) AwnMdpurI (hzUrI) bIV, (7) ptnw jI imsl bIV[ idlcsp g`l ieh hY ik ieh swrIAW bIVW
sqluj dirAw dy cVHdy pwsy vwly ielwikAW ivc imldIAW hn[ kwrn ies dw ieh hY ik sqluj dy
lihMdy pwsy dy ielwikAW ivc mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dw rwj sI Aqy cVHdy pwsy dIAW is`K irAwsqW
dy rwjy goirAW nwl sMDI kr cuky sn[pr goirAW dI A`K mhWrwjw rxjIq isMG dy rwj qy sI[ies
leI aunHW ny kQq dsm gRMQ dIAW bIVW pihlW mhWrwijAW dy ielwky ivc vMfIAW qwik is`KW ivc
vwd ivvwd pYdw krky hOlI hOlI is`K rwj nUM Korw lwieAw jw sky[ ies leI sqluj dy cVHdy pwsy
vl AnykW bIVW dy KrVy imldy hn pr duAwbw Aqy mwlby dy ielwikAW ivc ienHW dI Gwt hY[
(s) dsm gRMQ Aqy hor bIVW ivc bwxIAW dI iBMnqw:
kolbruk vwlI bIV qoN isvwey lMfn lwiebRyrI ivc kuJ hor bIVW vI hn ijnHW dw AMgRyzW vloN is`K
ieiqhws nwl rwbqw idKwieAw igAw hY[ fw. jsbIr isMG mwn ny ienHW bIVW nUM vwicAW vI hY Aqy
ienHW dIAW kwpIAW krky is`K jgq dI prK pVcol leI muh`Xw vI kIqw hY[ ienHW bIVW dy nW ies
prkwr hn:
1. KrVw nM. fI-6 dyvnwgrI (PunjabI?)(Mss D-6 Devnagri):
2. KrVw nM. eyfIfI-214452 (Mss ADD 214452):
3. KrVw nM. pMjwbI eI-1 (Mss Punjabi E1):
auprokq bIVW ivc bwxIAW dI sm`grI Aqy aunHW dI qrqIb ivc iBMnqw hY[ bIVW dy pwTgq
ivSlySx (Texual analysis) qoN pqw lgdw hY ik ienHW ivc CMdW dI qwsIr, qrqIb Aqy kul joV
ivc kwPI vKrwau hY[ ies qoN ieh swP zwihr huMdw hY ik kQq dsm gRMQ dI koeI tkswlI Aqy
prmwxq bIV nhIN imldI ijs nUM XkIn nwl gurU goibMd isMG jI dI ikrq mMinAW jw sky[ ienHW
bIVW dI Akwdiml Aqy ivhwrk Koj qoN dsm gRMQ dy inkws Aqy ivkws bwry koeI insic`q inrxw
nhIN ilAw jw skdw, kyvl iBMn iBMn gRMQW dy smyN smyN isr inrMqr ivkws dw AMdwzw hI lwieAw jw
skdw hY[ pRmwx vjoN fw. rqn isMG j`gI (dsm gRMQ dw kriqRqv, 1966) vloN cwr mShUr bIVW dw
qulnwqimk vyrvw aunHW dy qqkirAW dy ADwr qy priKAw jw skdw hY[ienHW ivc BweI mnI isMG
vwlI bIV, ptny vwlI bIV, moqI bwg vwlI bIV, bwbw dIp isMG bIV Swiml hn[ ienHW qoN vgYr
AwnMdpurI bIV Aqy ptnw jI imsl bIV vI imldIAW hn[pr ienHW bIVW dI smgrI iek dUjy nwl
nhIN imldI ijs dw is`Dw ijhw ArQ ieh inkldw hY ik koeI vI pRmwxk bIV nhIN imkldI ijs nUM
gurU goibMd isMG nwl joiVAw jw sky[
(h) soDk kmytI dw dsm gRMQ:
PRMgI rwj vyly is`KW dy gurduAwirAW qy AMgRyzW ny mhMq bTw r`Ky sn ies leI ienHW dy kMtrok hyTW
soDk kmytI ny crcq dsm gRMQ dw sMpwdn 1895-96 ivc AwrMiBAw, 1897 eI. ivc mukMml kIqw
Aqy 1900 eIN ivc pihlI vwrI sMpUrn gRMQ CwipAw igAw[ pr ies dI pRmwxkqw bwry vwd ivvwd
vI nwl hI SurU ho igAw[ sMn 1895 ivc hI igAwnI srdUL isMG, jo soDk kmytI dy mYNbr sn, ny
iek ieSiqhwr ivc iliKAw ik dsm gRMQ swhb dw AslI Asvwrw jI nw hox krky Cwpy vwilAW ny
ies Drm pusqk nUM ASuD CwipAw hY ies krky AsIN iek kmytI bxweI hY jo ies Asvwry nUM soDygI
ijs leI 20 Asvwry iek`Ty kIqy jwxgy[ ieSiqhwr pVH ky iek gupq SrDwlU ny iqAwr kIqy jw
rhy dsm gRMQ ivc Anyk ZlqIAW k`F ky “Kwlsw A^bwr lwhOr” dy AkqUbr 5 Aqw 11, 1895 dy
nMbrW ivc ‘Su`DI hY ik ASu`DI hY’ nwmIN isrlyK hyTW Cwp id`qIAW[ ienHW glqIAW ivc lgW mwqrW
dIAW ZlqIAW dy nwl nwl bwxI ivc Awey kivqw dy CMdW ivc vI ZlqIAW k`FIAW[ ienHW ZlqIAW
bwry srdUl isMG igXwnI ny iesy A^bwr dy AkqUbr 25, 1895 dy AMk ivc ‘dsm gRMQ swihb jI dI
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Su`DI’ nwmIN isrlK hyTW sp`StIkrn idMidAW ikhw ik kmytI 18 qoN 20 jW ies qoN vI aupr dsm
gRMQ dy Asvwry (KrVy) vwc ky Su`DI krdI hY[
is`D hY ik dsm gRMQ dy Su`D Aqy ASu`D hox dw svwl ies dy sMkln vyly hI SurU ho igAw sI Aqy A`j
q`k c`l irhw hY[ aus vyly imldy koeI 32 dsm gRMQ dIAW bIVW ivcoN kWtI-CWtI krky soDk kmytI ny
AXokw dsm gRMQ bxwieAw[ keI bIVW ivc vwr mwlkONs, vwr BgOqI jI kI, rwg Awsw Aqy rwg
sort pwqSwhI ds, mwJ pwqSwhI ds, Aspwtk kibq vgYrw imldy hn; soDk kmytI ny ieh dsm
gRMQ ivc Swiml nhIN kIqy[ svwl pYdw huMdw hY ik kmytI ny ikhVy pYmwny jW imXwr dy ADwr qy
crcq dsm gRMQ ivc AMkq swrI bwxI nUM gurU goibMd isMG swhb dy nW lw id`qw? ies leI ies gRMQ
dI pRmwxkqw bwry SMky pYdw hoxw kudrqI g`l hY[
(k) SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI, Akwl qKq Aqy dsm gRMQ:
sMn 1925 ivc SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dy hoNd ivc Awaux qoN bwAd bhuqI SMkW kQq dsm
gRMQ ivc AMkq ‘cirqRopwiKAwn’ bwry cldI rhI ijs ivc Aiq drjy dIAW ASlIl kQw khwxIAW
dw izkr hY[ ienHW nUM gurU goibMd isMG jI dI AduqI SKsIAq nwl joVnw qW iek pwsy irhw, ikAws
vI krnw gurU swihb dI is`DI byAdvI krn brwbr hY[ PlsrUp, ies bwry is`KW vloN hmySw iq`Kw
Aqy krwrw ieqrwz kIqw igAw hY Aqy Akwl qKq nUM ies bwry sp`StIkrn dyx leI ikhw jWdw
irhw [ AwKr nUM 1973 ivc Akwl qKq qoN iek sp`StIkrn ivc ikhw igAw ik, “
‘cirqRopKXwn’ jo dsm gRMQ ivc AMikq hn, ieh ‘dsmys bwxI’ nhIN[ieh purwqn ihMdU imiQhwsk
swKIAW dw auqwrw hY”[ pr Pyr vI kuJ k`tV is`KW Aqy sMsQwvW ny kQq dsm gRMQ dI swrI bwxI nUM
gurU goibMd isMG nwl joVI r`iKAw[ vwd ivvwd ausy qrW mGdw irhw AMq nUM is`K ivdvwnw Aqy s`cy
is`KW vloN zor pwaux qy 6 jUn, 2008 ivc pMj is`K swhbwn dI iek`qRqw ivc gurmqw pws kIqw igAw
ijs ivc iliKAw igAw ik,
“ sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dw 300 swlw gurqw g`dI idvs smucy is`K pMQ leI ‘gurU gRMQ-gurU pMQ’ dy
isDWqW pRqI vcnvDqw pRgtwaux dw sunihrI mOkw hY[ swihb sRI gurU goibMd isMG jI dy AMiqm hukm
‘sB is`Kn ko hukm hY gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ qy is`K pMQ Aml kridAW hoieAW hmySw sRI gurU gRMQ swihb
jI nUM Awpxw jwgiq joiq siqgurU svIkwr ky idRVHqw sihq pihrw idMdw AwieAw hY[ is`K pMQ ny hr
kOmI sMkt dI invRqI leI jugo-jug At`l swihb sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI qoN rihnumweI gRihx kIqI
hY[ sRI dsm gRMQ sbMDI KVw kIqw igAw ivvwd iblkul byloVw hY[ is`K pMQ vloN dsm gRMQ dIAW ijnHW
rvwieqW nUM is`K rihq mrXwdw, inqnym Aqy AMimRq sMcwr leI svIkwr kIqw jw cu`kw hY, aunHW bwry
iksy nUM vwd ivvwd KVw krn dw koeI AiDkwr nhIN[smu`cy is`K pMQ nUM ividq hovy ik sRI dsm gRMQ
is`K pMQ dy swihq Aqy ieiqhws dw AinKVvW AMg hY, pr ies nUM sRI gurU goibMd jI ny swihb sRI gurU
gRMQ swihb jI dy brwbr mwnqw nhIN id`qI[ Awp jI vloN gurqw g`dI kyvl Aqy kyvl sRI gurU gRMQ
swihb jI nUM imlI hY, ies krk sRI gurU gRMQ swihb jI dy brwbr hor iksy gRMQ dw pRkwS nhIN kIqw
jw skdw”[
crcq dsm gRMQ dy Cpx qoN koeI do dhwky bwAd is`K gurduAwrw AYkt, 1925 lwgU kIqw igAw Aqy
gurduAwirAW qy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw AiDkwr ho igAw[ies AYkt ivc AdwlqI Amly
vloN is`K isDWqW, sMsQwvW, guduAwirAW Aqy gRMQW bwry inrxy id`qy gey[ Adwlq dI dPrI kwrbweI
ivc ikhw igAw ik ies AYkt dw mksd ieh hY ik is`KW dy Dwrmk smwgm Aqy rsmo irvwj “gurU
gRMQ swihb” dy isDWqW Anuswr kIqy jwx[ AYkt ivc “is`K” dI pirBwSw kridAW iliKAw hY ik
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‘is`K auh hY jo gurU gRMQ swihb, ds gurUAW nUM mwnqw idMdw hY Aqy iksy hor Drm ivc XkIn nhIN
rKdw; eyQy dsm gRMQ dw koeI izkr nhIN hY[is`K gurduAwrw AYkt qoN bwAd id`lI is`K guduAwrw
AYkt, 1971 Aqy ndyV is`K gurduAwrw AYkt, 1973 ivc vI ieho ikhw igAw ik is`K auh hY jo gurU
gRMQ swihb ivc XkIn rKdw hY; ienHW AYktW ivc vI dsm gRMQ dw nW ikqy nhIN AwauNdw[ip`Cy jhy
Bwrq dI mhW Adwlq vloN ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ nUM kwnUn p`KoN iek ‘purS’ ( Juristic person)
grdwinAw igAw hY[AdwlqI PYsly ivc ikhw igAw hY ik “gurU gRMQ swihb” nUM guduAwirAW ivc
iek gurU vWg siqkwirAw jWdw hY ies leI ieh iek ‘purS’ dI pdvI dy smwn hY[ eyQy ‘gurU gRMQ
swihb’ nUM ‘purS’ dI pdvI id`qI geI hY Aqy dsm gRMQ nUM koeI mwnqw nhIN id`qI geI[
(K) AXokI siQqI:
is`K Drm ‘iek gRMQ iek pMQ’ dy isDWq qy KVw hY[ pr jy kQq dsm gRMQ nUM ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ dy
brwbr mwnqw dyx dw auprwlw kIqw igAw qW is`KW ivc vMfIAw pY jwxgIAw[ ies dy Awswr idsxy
SurU ho gey hn[ k`tV ihMdUvwdI sMsQwvW dy pRBwv hyT qKq ptnw swihb Aqy qKq hzUr swihb dy
jQydwr sMbMdq gurduAwirAW ivc dovyN gRMQ brobrwbr prkwS krI bYTy hn[ lgdw ieauN hY ik 100
swl bwAd ieiqhws muV ky duhrwieAw jw irhw hY; gurduAwry jQydwrW dy rUp ivc mhMqW dy AiDkwr
hyT Aw rhy hn[[ AMgRyzW vyly dI siQqI pYdw ho rhI hY jd mhMq audwsIAW Aqy inhMgW dy blbUqy
gurduAwirAW ivc dsm gRMQ nUM ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ dy brwbr pRkwS krdy sn Aqy hirmMdr swihb
ivc bu`q pUjw huMdI sI[ pihlW ies kukrm ivc AMgRyz Swiml sn Aqy hux k`tVvwdI ihMdU Swiml
hn[ pMjwb ivc id`lI vwilAW ny judw id`lI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI bxw leI hY Aqy hirAwxw Aqy
rwijsQwn dy is`K AwpxI AwpxI gurduAwrw pbMDk kmytIAW bnwaux leI qqpr hn[jy ieh ruJwn
cldw irhw qW bwhr vsdy is`K vI AwpxIAW AwpxIAW pRbMDk kmytIAW bnwaux leI mzbUr ho skdy
hn[ieh sB kuJ Akwl qKq dI kmzor pYNdI jw rhI mwx mrXwdw krky ho irhw hY[ Akwl qKq jo
is`KW dI mIrI-pIrI dy sMklp dw icMn hY, kmzor jQydwrW krky Awpxw ruqvw guAw irhw
hY[ieiqhwsk qOr qy swry qKqW dy jQydwrW nwloN Akwl qKq dy jQydwr nUM vDyry mwnqw id`qI jWdI hY
Aqy aus qoN mIrI-pIrI dy sMklp nUM kwiem r`Kx dI Aws kIqI jWdI hY[ pr ieh Aws nwaumIdI
ivc bdl rhI hY[ ies kukrm nUM Drm mrXwdw p`KoN Aqy jy loV peI qW kwnUMnI qOr qy rokx dw
vkq Aw igAw[
sn 1925 dy pMjwb AYkt VIII Anuswr SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI hoNd ivc AweI[ mhMqW dy
pRbMD hyT Klq mlq ho cuky is`K isDWqW nUM muVky bhwl krn leI 1927 ivc iek ‘rihq mrXwdw
kmytI’ sQwpq kIqI ijs ny 1927-1944 dOrwn rihq mrXwdw mukMml kIqI[ pMjW Akwl qKqW dy
jQydwr vI ies kmytI dy mYNbr sn ijnHW ny ies nUM mwnqw id`qI[ ieh rihq mrXwdw ‘gurU mwinauN
gRMQ’ dy isDWq qy ADwrq hY, bwkI dIAW swrIAW m`DW ies isDWq dI pwlxw krdIAW hn[ ies
isDWq dI srvoqmqw nUM insicq bnwaux leI 1944 ivc pMjwb AYkt VIII ivc sOD kIqI geI[
ies soD dy AYkt 11 Anuswr, jy SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI dw koeI mYNbr, gurduAwry dw kwmw
jW qKqW dy jQydwr koeI Dwrmk kurIqI ivc BweIvwl bxdy hn qW SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI
aus nUM brKwsq kr skdI hY[ Dwrmk kuqwhI dI iek aup-Dwrw f (pMjwb AYkt dy kWf 11, m`uK
Dwrw 134) Anuswr jy koeI pRbMDk iksy Dwrmk kurIqI jW kukrm krky ksUrvwr TihrwieAw jWdw hY
qW kmytI aus dI Cu`tI kr skdI hY[ pr ptnw swihb Aqy hzUr swib dy jQydwrW ny, rihq mRXwdw
qy dsqKq krn apurMq Aqy AYkt dI ies Dwrw nUM jwxidAW hoieAW vI kQq dsm gRMQ nUM ‘gurU gRMQ
swihb’ dy brwbr pRkwS krI r`iKAw[ ArQwq mhMqW vwlI pRQw nUM brkrwr r`iKAw jo A`j q`k c`l
rhI hY[ is`Dy SbdW ivc aunHW ny gurU goibMd isMG jI dy hukm ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ dI koeI prvwh nhIN
Page18

kIqI[ iesy AYkt dI aup-Dwrw g Anuswr jy koeI mYNbr ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ dy isDWqW qoN ault
gurduAwry ivc jW lok sQwn qy iksy krmkWf nUM mwnqw idMdw hY jW aus ivc BweIvwl bxdw hY qW
aus nUM vI brKwsq kIqw jw skdw hY[ keI AkwlI lIfr/mYNbr botW dI Kwqr ihMdU krmkWfW
Anuswr m`iQAW qy it`ky lgvw ky jW DoqIAW pihn ky hvnW ivc SryAwm Bwg lYNdy hn[bOtW dI Kwqr
sMqW/mhMqW dy fyirAW, m`TW Aqy tkwlW dy gurduAwirAW ivc pRvwxq rihq mrXwdw dw Gwx kIqw jw
irhw hY[ keI sQwnW qy dsm gRMQ nUM ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ dy brwbr mwnqw id`qI jw rhI hY; ieiqhws
muV ky duhrwieAw jw irhw hY[ pr Xwd rhy ik jd vI iksy srkwr jW iksy sMsQw ny ‘iek pMQ-iek
gRMQ’ Aqy rihq mrXwdw dy sUqr, ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ nUM qoVn dI koiSS kIqI hY, aus nUM mUMh dI KwxI
peI hY[ gurU gRMQ dI mwxqw nUM gMDlw krn leI AMgRyzW ny dsm gRMQ pYdw kr ilAw[ ies nUM mwnqw
duAwaux leI gurduAwirAW ivc mhMqW, tkswlW dy AOhdydwrW Aqy inrmilAW nUM ibTw id`qw[ pr
ipr vI ieh Adwry ‘gurU gRMQ swihb’ pRqI is`KW dI AiqAMq SrDw Aqy ies dI srvoqmqw nUM nw qoV
sky[ ies q`Q dI mhwnqw nUM svIkwr krdy hoey mYlkm ny AwpxI pusk Sketch of the Sikhs, 1810,
dy AMq ivc BivKbwxI kIqI sI ijs dw qoVswr ies prkwr hY: vYrwgI bMdy bhwdr ny Awpxy Awp nUM
igAwrvW gurU Qwp ky gurU goibMd isMG dy sMklp, ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ nUM qoVnw cwihAw pr burI qrW
Pyl ho igAw[ iesy qrW ho skdw hY ik AMimRqsr dy AkwlI hukmrwn, tkswlW dy krqw Drqw Aqy
guduAwirAW dy inrmly jo gurU gRMQ nUM pVHdy Aqy siqkwrdy hn, gurU gRMQ pRqI Srdw ivc QoVHI bwhlI
qbdIlI ilAwaux, pr gurU goibMd isMG jI dy ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ dy sMklp nUM VoVnw muSkl jwpdw hY[
A`j vI AMgRyzW dy smyN vwlI siQqI pYdw ho rhI hY[ AkwlI pwrtI jo SRomxI gurduAwrw pRbMDk kmytI
Aqy Akwl qKq nUM kMtRol krdI hY, Aj kl iek pwsy qW k`tV ihMdU pwrtI nwl hm-ibsqr (Bedfellow)
bxI hoeI hY Aqy dUjy pwsy votW lYx Kwqr sMq-smwj, tkswlW Aqy jQydwrW nwl BweIvwlI
idKw rhI hY[a`uproN k`tV ihMdU sMsQwvW is`K Drm nUM ihMdU rMgx dyx leI ienHW g`T joVW nUM p`kw krn
ivc qulI hoeI hY[ cwl auho purwxI PRMgIAW vwlI hY pr hux PRMgI kwly jW kxk vMny rMg dy hn, qyV
DoqI bnYx pweI hoeI hY Aqy m`Qy qy it`ky lwey hoey hn[ mksd vI PRMgIAW vwlw hY-gurduAwirAW ivc
kQq dsm gRMQ nUM pRkwS krnw Aqy ies ivclI krmkWfW vwlI AKwauqI bwxI nUM prcwr ky is`KW nUM
ihMdU bnwauxw[pr gurU goibMd isMG dy skMlpW, iek ‘gRMQ-iek pMQ’ Aqy ‘gurU mwinauN gRMQ’ nUM kdy vI
Klq mlq nhIN kIqw jw skdw[ ienHW is`K Drm ivroDI iDrW nUM ieh Xwd rKxw cwhIdw hY ik
ieiqhws hmySw Awpxy Awp nUM duhrwauNdw hY; duvwrw vI SIGr hI duhrweygw[
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