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A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 295 ✬ ✫ . . . Vzorčenje Ker v vzorcu merimo isto spremenljivko in posamezna meritev ne sme vplivati na ostale, lahko predpostavimo: 1. vsi členi Xi vektorja imajo isto porazdelitev, kot spremenljivka X, 2. členi Xi so med seboj neodvisni. Takemu vzorcu rečemo enostavni slučajni vzorec. Večina statistične teorije temelji na predpostavki, da imamo opravka enostavnim slučajnim vzorcem. Če je populacija končna, lahko dobimo enostavni slučajni vzorec, tako da slučajno izbiramo (z vračanjem) enote z enako verjetnostjo. Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ✩ ✪
A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verjetnostni račun in statistika 296 ✬ Z vpraˇsanjem, kako sestaviti dobre vzorce v praksi, se ukvarja posebno področje statistike – teorija vzorčenja. Načini vzorčenja • ocena ✫ – priročnost • naključno – enostavno: pri enostavnem naključnem vzorčenju je vsak član populacije izbran/vključen z enako verjetnostjo. – deljeno: razdeljen naključni vzorec dobimo tako, da razdelimo populacijo na disjunktne mnoˇzice oziroma dele (razrede) in nato izberemo enostavne naključne vzorce za vsak del posebej. – grozdno: takˇsno vzorčenje je enostavno naključno vzorčenje skupin ali klastrov/grozdov elementov. Univerza v Ljubljani ▲ ❙ ▲ ▲ ● ❙ ▲ ▲ ☛ ✖ ▲ ✩ ✪
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✬ ✫ Ljubljana, 6. oktober 2008
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A. Juriˇsić in V. Batagelj: Verje
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