Java e Shkencës 2012 - Universiteti i Prishtinës

KONFERENCA VJETORE E SHKENCËS ‘JAVA E SHKENCËS 2012
words and structures from different individuals. This is in dependence to being unique,
related to the transformation of individuals in their memory, personality, intelligence, social
background, personal experience. 231
All these aforementioned are object of study in semantics and the different types of
semantics like structural semantics; generative and cognitive semantics play a considerable
role in the understanding of metaphorization. Structural semantics is “the study of the
connections between terms’ meanings in a sentence, and how meaning can be created by
different elements.” 232 The same thing happens even with the naming terms of human body
parts. Thus, for example the word head depending on the situations can be used in different
contexts:
“ Head
1. The upper part of the human body that stands on the neck or the front part
of animals’ body, round, long where the brain, mouth, eyes, ears, nose, hair
are located.
2. The front part of animals’ body part cooked as a dish.
3. A unit to count cattle, people etc.
4. fig. This part of human body used as the center of thinking, brain and its
abilities to judge; mind and reason; person as a bearer of ideas and different
points of view.
5. The person’s life (as a valuable thing
6. Fig. Leader of a country, organization, or in a workplace; with high
mental abilities.
7. The part used to plant potatoes or garlic.
8. The upper or front part of a thing of apparatus that is usually the main part
and that is round.
9. The first part, the beginning of a row of things, the first row, the
beginning of a group that moves; the beginning of a river
10. fig. the main part that makes the essential of something; chapter etc.” 233
Generative and cognitive semantics are opposition to each other being elaborated by
different groups of linguists. Generative semantics is related to the “deep structures that are
identified by semantic representation” 234 whereas Cognitive semantics “is part of the
cognitive linguistic movement, and its main tenets are: grammar is a conceptualization,
conceptual structure is included and motivated by the use, the ability of language use based
on the general cognitive sources and not on a special language module.” 235 Based on the
definitions and evaluations of the last two types of semantics which play an important role in
the understanding of metaphor, metaphorization of human body parts naming passes in
relation to the grammatical structures as well as in relation to the abilities to use language
and its cognitive sources.
231
David Crystal (2002). ‘The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the English Language’. Cambridge
University Press
232
http://infotoute.com/info/Structural_semantics
233
http://www.fjalori.shkenca.org/
234
http://www2.let.uu.nl/uil-ots/lexicon/zoek.pl?lemma=Semantic+representation&lemmacode=217
235
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_semantics
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