evsjv‡`‡k fwg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ: wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi ...

evsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ:
wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZv 1
cÖvKK_b Ges M‡elYv
W. Aveyj eviKvZ
evsjv‡`‡k f~wg- gvgjvi welqwU †h RwUj G wel‡q Kv‡iv m‡›`n †bB| GI m‡›`nvZxZ †h Rwg-Rgv
wKš‘ GLbI e¨w³i A_©‰bwZK kw³, mvgvwRK Ae¯’vb I ivR‰bwZK cÖfve-cÖwZcwËi Ab¨Zg wbY©vqK|
Rwg-Ggwb‡ZB `y®cÖvc¨, Avi Avgv‡`i gZ NbemwZc~Y© †`‡k Zv AwaKgvÎvq `y®cÖvc¨| myZivs
Avgv‡`i †`‡k GKLÊ Rwg cÖvwßi Ges/A_ev Rwg ivi cÖwZ‡hvwMZvI n‡e †ewk| Avevi ÒRwg bv
hgÓ G cÖev`wUI Av‡Q| Avi Rwg hw` ÔhgÕ nq Zvn‡j Rwg wb‡q †h gvgjv-‡gvKÏgv n‡e ZvI
¯^vfvweK| A_ev Rwg wb‡q SMov-weev`-gbKlvKwl-gvgjv-‡gvKÏgv-Lyb-RLg-RvwjqvwZ-evUcvwi-
`my¨Zv (f~wg-`my¨Zv, Rj-`my¨Zv, eb-`my¨Zv) nq †`‡LB m¤¢eZ Rwg‡K ÔhgÕ ejv nq| Avevi Rwg
†h‡nZz GK ai‡bi wbivcËv A_ev Rxeb exgv (BÝy‡iÝ) †m‡nZz Rwg cÖvwßi AvKv•LvI A¯^vfvweK bq|
Ab¨w`‡K i“‡kvi gZ `vk©wbK Aek¨ e‡j‡Qb Ògvbyl †hw`b GKLÊ evu‡ki gv_vq jvj cZvKv †M‡o
gvwU‡Z ewm‡q ej‡jvÑ GUv AvgviÑ †m w`bwUB wQj mf¨Zvi †kl w`bÓ|
Rwg-Rgv †Kw›`ªK gvgjvi cÖK„wZ wb‡q Kg †ewk Rvbv _vK‡jI Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK
A_©bxwZÓ wel‡q Avgv‡`i ÁvbfvÊvi h‡_ó gvÎvq mxwgZ I Am¤ú~Y©| KviY evsjv‡`‡k f~wg gvgjvi
welqwU GKvš— AvB‡bi welq bq (hv wb‡q Ávb-fvÊvi A‡cvK…Z mg„× ejv hvq), welqwU mgvR,
A_©bxwZ, ms¯‹…wZ I ivRbxwZi GK RwUj mgxKiYÑ †h mgxKiY m¤ú‡K© Avgv‡`i Ávb-fvÊvi mxwgZ
ejv P‡j| Ab¨vb¨ A‡bK wKQyi mv‡_ G cÖqv‡mi we‡kl Dc‡hvwMZv nj GB †h f~wg gvgjvi
ivR‰bwZK A_©‰bwZK gg©v_© bv ey‡S G †`‡k K…wl-f~wg-Rjv ms¯‹v‡i nvZ †`qv weÁvb m¤§Z n‡e bv|
Zv wec`RbKI n‡Z cv‡i| Gme welq j¨ †i‡L Avgiv hv eyS‡Z †P‡qwQ Zv nÕj: G †`‡k f~wg-
†Kw›`ªK wewfbœ ai‡bi gvgjv-‡gvKÏgvi msL¨v KZ; f~wg gvgjvi wZ-gvÎv (extent of burden) KZ;
gvgjvq mswk−ó‡`i cÖZ¨-c‡iv e¨q KZ; e¨w³-cwievi-mgv‡Ri e¨q KZ; f~wg gvgjvi KviY,
cÖwµqv I †gKvwbRg-Gi cÖK…wZ I mvie¯‘ wK; mgMÖ cÖwµqvq mswk−ó cÖkvmb I ivRbxwZ wKfv‡e KvR
Ki‡Q; f~wg-gvgjvi wZgvÎv nªvm m¤¢e wKÕbv, m¤¢e n‡j wKfv‡e; mswk−ó wel‡q f~wg AwaKvi
m¤úwK©Z msMVb, bvMwiK mgvR I miKv‡ii KiYxq KvR wK n‡Z cv‡i BZ¨vw`|
M‡elYvi K‡qKwU cÖavb djvdj
Avgv‡`i M‡elYvq Avgiv f~wg-gvgjvq Avµvš— e¨w³ I cwiev‡ii Dci gvgjvi eûgyLx AwfNvZ
wbiƒc‡Y †Póv K‡iwQ| Avi †m cÖfve-AwfNv‡Zi wfwˇZB wbiƒcY K‡iwQ RvZxq AcP‡qi gvb-gvÎv|
Aek¨ bx‡P M‡elYv djvdj Dc¯’vc‡bi †‡Î cÖ_‡gB RvZxq AcPq Ges Zvic‡i cvwievwiK AcPq-
Gi cÖavb K‡qKwUi mswß weeiYx Zz‡j aiwQ:
1 Ôevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ: wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÕ kxl©K Bs‡iwR cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv Abyôvb
Dcj‡ iwPZ| Av‡qvRK, wb‡Riv Kwi I G‡mvwm‡qkb di j¨vÛ widg© GÛ †W‡fjc‡g›U (G Gj Avi wW), XvKv: RvZxq hv`yNi,
knx` wRqv nj, 16 AMÖnvqY 1411/30 b‡f¤^i 2004 (eZ©gvb cÖeÜwZ g~j cÖeÜ †_‡K cwigvwR©Z)
c„ôv | 1

Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
RvZxq AcPq
1. gvgjvi `yÕc, Zv‡`i cwiev‡ii m`m¨ I mvxmn 14 †KvwU gvby‡li G‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi
mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z gvby‡li msL¨v n‡e 12 †KvwU, hv evsjv‡`‡ki kZKiv 100 fvM c~Y©eq¯‹
RbmsL¨vi mgvb (G‡`i cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †h gvgjvq RwoZ Zv bq, †KD †KD GKvwaK gvgjvq
RwoZ; bgybv Rwi‡c 13-wU f~wg-gvgjvi mv‡_ RwoZ gvbylI cvIqv †M‡Q)|
2. G †`‡k eQ‡i f~wg-‡Kw›`ªK Pjgvb (operating) gvgjvi msL¨v (including pending cases)
25 jvL, hv †gvU Pjgvb gvgjvi 77% 2 |
3. G gyn~‡Z© †hme f~wg-gvgjv ivq A‡cgvb †mme gvgjvq evw`-weevw` wg‡j †gvU †fvMvwš—el©
(sufferings-year) n‡e 2 †KvwU 7 jvL eQi| Avi f~wg-gvgjvi µgcywÄfe‡bi Kvi‡Y
G †fvMvwš—-el© n‡e µgea©gvb|
4. †`‡k eQ‡i gvgjvaxb f~wgi cwigvY n‡e 23.5 jvL GKi hv µgcywÄf~Z f~wg-gvgjvi
Kvi‡Y µgea©gvb|
5. f~wg wb‡q cÖwZ eQi †h me gvgjv n‡”Q Hme Rwgi eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨ 1,27,100 †KvwU
UvKv|
6. f~wg-gvgjvi Kvi‡Y gvgjv Avµvš— cwiev‡ii m¤ú`-kw³ (asset strength) µgn«vmgvb|
mgMÖ †`‡k f~wg-gvgjvµvš— cwievi (evw`-weevw`mn) mg~n eQ‡i 12,520 †KvwU UvKvi
m¤ú` nvivb|
7. G †`‡k f~wg-gvgjv-mswk−ó †gvU Avw_©K e¨‡qi cwigvY eQ‡i 24,860 †KvwU UvKv, hvi gvÎ
1% ivóªxq †KvlvMv‡i Rgv nq (÷¨v¤ú, †KvU© wd BZ¨vw` eve`), 50% Nyl (hvi g‡a¨ 65%
†bb cywjk-_vbv, 15% f~wg Awdm, 14% †Kv‡U©i Kg©KZ©v)|
8. G gyn~‡Z© hviv f~wg-gvgjvq RwoZ Zviv gvgjv cwiPvj‡b B‡Zvg‡a¨ 25,039 †KvwU UvKv
e¨q K‡i‡Qb, hv Avgv‡`i †gvU RvZxq Av‡qi 10%-Gi mgvb A_ev miKv‡ii evwl©K
Dbœqb Kg©m~wP‡Z †gvU eiv‡Ïi †P‡q †ewk|
Avm‡j f~wg-gvgjvq evw`-weevw`i cÖK…Z e¨q Dwj−wLZ Avw_©K e¨‡qi †P‡qI A‡bK ¸Y †ewk
n‡e, KviY Avw_©K e¨‡q †hme cÖK…Z e¨‡qi Avw_©K g~j¨ wn‡me Kiv nqwb Zv nÕj: gvgjvi
Kvi‡Y AwZevwnZ mg‡qi my‡hvM e¨q (opportunity cost); A‡bK ai‡Yi evwn¨KZv-e¨q
(externalities) †hgb kvixwiK I gvbwmK `ytL-K‡ói A_©g~j¨, cwiev‡ii m`m¨‡`i wkv I
¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z †h e¨q Kiv cÖ‡qvRb wQj wKš‘ gvgjvi Kvi‡Y Kiv m¤¢e nqwb Zvi A_©g~j¨,
gvgjvi Kvi‡Y mvgvwRK m¤ú‡K© †h wPi a‡i‡Q Zvi A_© gyj¨, f~wg‡Kw›`ªK SMov-weev`gvivgvwi-Lyb-RLg-Gi
d‡j †h wZ n‡q‡Q Zvi A_©g~j¨, gvgjvi d‡j A‡cvK…Z `ye©j
c‡i cwiev‡ii †h †g‡qwU ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z cvi‡Q bv A_ev ¯‹z‡j †h‡Z-Avm‡Z hv‡K VvÆvwei³-weeªZ
(tease) Kiv n‡”Q †mUvi A_©g~j¨; `ybx©wZi d‡j q-wZi A_© g~j¨ (cost of
corruption) BZ¨vw`|
2 Avgv‡`i wn‡m‡e f~wg-gvgjvi AvbycvwZK nvi nvB‡KvU© wWwfk‡bi †gvU gvgjvi 60%, †Rjv RR© †Kv‡U©i 75%, †mmb RR© †Kv‡U©i 55%,
g¨vwR‡÷ªU †Kv‡U©i 55%, †iwfwbD †Kv‡U©i 100%, mvwU©wd‡KU †Kv‡U©i 95%, Ges MÖvg-‡Kv‡U©i 55% (†`Lyb g~j Bs‡iwR cy¯—K, c„: 82)|
c„ôv | 2

Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
cvwievwiK AcPq
1. M‡o cÖwZwU f~wg-gvgjvq wZMÖ¯— nÕb 45 Rb gvbyl|
2. M‡o GKwU f~wg-gvgjv wb®úwˇZ mgq jv‡M 9.5 eQi| gvgjv wb®úwËi mgq 1 eQi †_‡K
30 eQi ch©š— †j‡M hvq| G gyn~‡Z© 5-12 eQi hveZ Pj‡Q 68% gvgjv, Avi 16 eQ‡ii
E‡aŸ© Pj‡Q 8% gvgjv|
3. fywg-gvgjv cwiev‡ii mKj ai‡bi `y`©kv evovqÑ A_©‰bwZK, kvixwiK, mvgvwRK, gvbwmK|
gvgjvµvš— 100%-B e‡j‡Qb gvbwmK hš¿Yv e„w×i K_v; 60% e‡j‡Qb gvgjvi Kvi‡Y
kvixwiK Amy¯’Zvi K_v; gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii 90%-Gi Avq Av‡Mi Zzjbvq n«vm †c‡q‡Q;
gvgjvi e¨q wgUv‡Z 60% cwievi †Q‡j-‡g‡q‡`i wkv e¨q KZ©‡b eva¨ n‡q‡Qb; Lv`¨
cwi‡fv‡M e¨q Kgv‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb 75% cwievi; Avi 60% cwievi gvgjv Pvjv‡Z wM‡q
¯^v¯’¨ Lv‡Z e¨q Kgv‡Z eva¨ n‡q‡Qb|
4. f~wg-gvgjvi Kvi‡Y Avqn«vm I cÖ‡qvRbxq e¨q KZ©b welqwU ïaygvÎ f~wg-gvgjvq mivmwi
RwoZ (evw` I weevw`)-†`i Rb¨B cÖ‡hvR¨ bq, Zv Zv‡`i Nwbô AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb‡`i †‡ÎI
h‡_ó gvÎvq jYxq|
5. Kgc‡ 10% gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii g‡Z f~wg-gvgjvi Kvi‡YB cwiev‡ii †Kv‡bv bv †Kv‡bv
m`‡m¨i AKvj g„Zy¨ N‡U‡Q|
6. f~wg-gvgjvi Kvi‡Y evoxNi jyUcvU, ZQbQ n‡q‡Q GgbwU wi‡cvU© K‡i‡Qb 25%, Avi G
Kvi‡Y cwiev‡ii GK ev GKvwaK m`m¨ AcniY n‡q‡Qb, G K_v e‡j‡Qb 15% cwievi|
7. gvgjvµvš— 85% cwievi e‡j‡Qb GLb Zv‡`i m¤ú‡`i cwigvY gvgjvi Av‡Mi mg‡qi
Zzjbvq Kg| cÖvq 89% cwievi e‡j‡Qb gvgjvi Av‡Mi Zzjbvq GLb Zv‡`i f~wg I †Mvm¤ú‡`i
cwigvY Kg|
8. M‡o gvgjv cÖwZ evw` A_ev weevw` wbwe©‡k‡l cÖwZwU c‡i †h m¤ú` hv n«vm †c‡q‡Q Zvi
eZ©gvb evRvi g~j¨ n‡e 2,27,990 UvKv| evrmwiK m¤ú` n«v‡mi cwigvY, M‡o cÖwZ c‡i
23,999 UvKv|
9. gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii 36% e‡j‡Qb gvgjvi e¨q msKzjvb I gvgjvKvjxb cwievi cwiPvj‡b
Zviv M‡o 8.75 weNv Rwg-m¤ú` nvwi‡q‡Qb|
10. gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii 40% e‡j‡Qb gvgjvKvjxb Zviv eQ‡i M‡o 65 gY avb nvwi‡q‡QbÑ
hv Hme cwiev‡ii Lv`¨ wbivcËv wewNœZ K‡i‡Q|
11. gvgjv cwiPvj‡b †hme Lv‡Z Avw_©K e¨q Ki‡Z n‡q‡Q Zv nj: AvBwb (†KvU©, ÷¨v¤ú) wdm,
Nyl, DwK‡ji wdm, ågb, _vKv-LvIqv| bgybv Rwi‡c AskMÖnYKvixiv M‡o (G ch©š— †gvU)
Avw_©K e¨q K‡i‡Qb 49,424 UvKv: hvi g‡a¨ 1% AvBwb wdm (†KvU©, ÷¨v¤ú), 50% Nyl
(_vbv-cywjk, f~wg Kg©KZ©v, †KvU© Kg©Pvix), 49% ågb-_vKv-LvIqv-DwKj-†gv³vi eve`
e¨q|
c„ôv | 3

Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK-A_©bxwZ we‡k−l‡Y K‡qKwU Dcmsnvi
1. f~wg-gvgjv evsjv‡`‡k wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi KviY|
2. A_©bxwZ I ivRbxwZi `ye©„Ëvq‡bi KvVv‡gv‡Z AvBb k„sLjv cwiw¯’wZi µgvebwZi KviY n‡q
`uvwo‡q‡Q f~wg-gvgjv|
3. mvgwMÖK `ye©„Ëvq‡bi KvVv‡gv‡Z f~wg-gvgjv Nyl-`ybx©wZ e„wׇZ Ges AvBb I wePvi e¨e¯’v
AKvh©Ki Ki‡Z f~wgKv ivL‡Q|
4. f~wg-gvgjvq cywjk `yÕc‡i Kv‡QB Nyl Lv‡”Q| Z‡e †h †ewk Nyl w`‡”Q cywjk Zvi ¯^v_©
†`L‡Q, wKš‘ mev©Z¥K †Póv Ki‡Q gvgjv †hb wPi¯’vqx nq| G wel‡q f~wg Awdm, †KvU©
wm‡÷g, ¯’vbxq miKvi, DwKj-‡gv³viÑ †KD Kv‡iv †P‡q Kg bb|
5. `ybx©wZMÖ¯— I AKvh©Ki AvBbk„sLjv I wePvi-Gi wm‡÷‡g me‡PÕ †ewk jvfevb n‡”Qb Zviv
hviv †Rvic~e©K Rwg, Rjv, Pi, eb `Lj Ki‡Qb| Ges ZvivB wKš‘ `ybx©wZ I wm‡÷‡gi
AKvh©KvwiZv wPi¯’vqx Kivi Rb¨ me©vZ¥K †Póv Ki‡Qb|
6. f~wg-gvgjvq me‡PÕ †ewk `y`©kv-‡fvMvwš—i wkKvi n‡”Qb Zviv hviv `xN©w`b hver gvgjv
Pvwj‡q †h‡Z eva¨ n‡”Qb, gwnjv cÖavb Lvbv Ges Ab¨vb¨ `ye©j c (A‡cvK…Z `wi`ª
Rb‡Mvôx, agx©q I RvwZMZ msL¨vjNy gvbyl BZ¨vw`)|
7. f~wg-gvgjvq evw`-weevw` wbwe©‡k‡l †KDB Avm‡j †R‡Zb bv (loosing battle for both),
Df‡qB nv‡ib| KviY gvgjvq Mo Avw_©K e¨q (A_©g~j¨ Kiv m¤¢e bq, Ggb e¨q ev`
w`‡jI) †h cwigvY Rwg wb‡q gvgjv nq Zvi evRvi g~‡j¨i †P‡q †ewk|
8. f~wg-gvgjv gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii Avw_©Kmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj Dbœqb-mnvqK cÖ‡qvRbxq wfZ ax‡i
ax‡i `ye©j K‡i: n«vm cvq cvwievwiK Avq; Drcv`bkxj Kg©Kv‡Ê mgq †`qv `ª“Z n«vm cvq;
Av‡qi eo Ask gvgjvi wcQ‡b e¨q Ki‡Z wM‡q cwiev‡i ¯^v¯’¨-wkv-gvbwmK my¯’Zvi weKvk
wewNœZ nq; cwiev‡i Lv`¨ cwi‡fvM n«v‡mi d‡j cwiev‡ii wkï-gwnjv-cÖexY m`m¨‡`i ¯’vqx
¯^v¯’¨nvwb nq; gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡i nv‡U©i AmyL, Wvqv‡ewUKm, wb`ªvnxbZv (Bb‡mvgwbqv),
M¨vw÷ªK RvwZq Amy¯’Zv gvgjvnxb cwiev‡ii Zzjbvq AwaK jYxq|
9. f~wg-gvgjv cwievwiK I Kgy¨wbwU eÜb Ges gvby‡l gvby‡l †mŠnv`©¨ I msnwZ (solidarity)
webó Kivi gva¨‡g we‡f` m„wó K‡i Ges gbyl¨ m¤ú‡K©i webwóKiY cÖwµqv Z¡ivwš^Z K‡i|
10. gvgjvi evw`-weevw` bb A_P `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi (hv‡`i A‡b‡KB GgbwK f~wgnxb) GKvsk
hviv †h †Kv‡bv Kvi‡YB †nvK bv †Kb mvx wn‡m‡e gvgjvi AskÑ gvgjvq Rwo‡q Av‡¯—
Av‡¯— wbqwgZ Avqg~jK Kg©KvÊ †_‡K wePz¨wZi d‡j `wi`ªZi n‡q c‡ob (gvgjvi ïi“‡Z
Zviv Ggb n‡e fve‡ZI cv‡ibwb)|
11. f~wg AvB‡bi RwUjZv I Am½wZ; f~wg AvBb I AvBwb cÖwµqv m¤ú‡K© AwaKvsk gvby‡li
Áv‡bi Afve (A_ev AveQv aviYv); AvB‡bi cÖ‡qvwMK e¨e¯’vcbvq mgm¨v; A‡bK †‡ÎB
mgm¨v-wggvsmvi †‡Î AKvh©Ki I AvB‡bi mv‡_ m½wZnxb wePvi; wePv‡ii ivq cÖfvweZ
Kivi †Póv (A‡bK †‡Î mdj cÖ‡Póv); _vbv-cywjk-f~wgAwdm-†Kv‡U©i gvbyl-wei“× Ae¯’vb;
cÖfvekvjx gvby‡li (we‡klZ: ivRbxwZK‡`i I ¯’vbxq evUcvi‡`i) A‰ea n¯—‡c (A‡bK
†‡Î GUvI Zv‡`i A‰ea Av‡qi Ab¨Zg Drm); DwKj-†gv³v‡ii g‡°j we‡ivax Ae¯’vb
Ges A‰bwZK I A‡ckv`vimyjf gvbmKvVv‡gv (A‡bK †‡Î)Ñ GmeB f~wg-gvgjv cÖwµqv
cªj¤^‡b f~wgKv iv‡L|
c„ôv | 4

Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
mewKQy wgwj‡q Av_©-ivR‰bwZK `ye©„Ëvqb I `ybx©wZi KvVv‡gv‡Z G‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjv fvj †Zgb wKQyB
K‡i bv, wecix‡Z gvgjvµvš— cwiev‡ii `ytL-`y`©kv-eÂbv e„w× K‡i; gvbe cyuwR weKv‡k cÖwZeÜKZv
m„wó K‡i; mgMÖ mgvR-A_©bxwZ-wkv-ms¯‹…wZ-K…wó-ivRbxwZ-gb¯—vwZ¡K RMZ fvimvg¨nxbKiY I
KjywlZKi‡Y mwµq f~wgKv iv‡L; m‡ev©cwi ¯^vaxbZv-Nwbô (freedom mediated) cÖwµqv wn‡m‡e Dbœqb
Z_v gvbe Dbœq‡b eo ai‡bi evav-wecwËi KviY wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
Zvn‡j mgvavb?
mvgwMÖK `„e©„ËvwqZ Av_©-ivR‰bwZK KvVv‡gv envj †i‡L †hgb mgm¨vi Av`k© mgvavb m¤¢e bq †Zgwb
GUvI wVK †h KvVv‡gv cwieZ©b bv K‡iI wKQy `~i ch©š— AMÖmi nIqv m¤¢e| G‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi
welqwUi myivnv †`L‡Z n‡e mvgwMÖK K„wl-f~wg-Rjv ms¯‹vi (land-agrarian reform) mn wkívqb,
Drcv`bkxj Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó Ges cÖK…Z gvbe Dbœqb-Gi Ask wn‡m‡e| Avi Gme ˆec−weK Ges/A_ev
eo gv‡ci ms¯‹vigyLx Kg©KvÊ msMwVZ bv Kiv †M‡jI wKQy wKQy ms¯‹vi Kiv m¤¢e hv f~wg gvgjv
mswk−ó `ytL-`y`©kv-Kó-†K¬k cÖkg‡b mnvqK n‡e| †m‡‡Î ms¯‹v‡ii AvIZvq Avm‡Z cv‡i: (K) f~wg
AvBb I cÖkvmb; (L) m¤ú~Y© wePvi-AvBb e¨e¯’v; (M) cÖ‡Z¨K mswk−ó LvZ I †‡Î AwaKZi ¯^”QZv
cÖwZôv| Ges Aek¨B ÒRbMYB nB‡eb cÖRvZ‡š¿i gvwjKÓ (msweavb, Aby‡”Q` 7-1)-welqwU mswk−ó
RbKj¨vYKvgx ivR‰bwZK `j I bvMwiK mgv‡Ri jvMvZvifv‡e e‡j hvIqv Ges †hLv‡b hZUzKz m¤¢e
Kvh©Ki Kivi cÖ‡Póv mswk−ó wel‡q djcÖ` f~wgKv ivL‡Z mg| Gme we‡ePbv †_‡KB ms¯‹viev`x
mgvav‡bi j‡¨ Avgv‡`i mywbw`©ó cÖ¯—vebvmg~n 3 wbgœiƒc:
01. mykvmb cÖwZôvi gva¨‡g †KvU©, f~wg cÖkvmb, I _vbv-cywj‡ki `ybx©wZ n«v‡m Kvh©Kix D‡`¨vM MÖnY
Kiv|
02. f~wg-gvgjvi `ª“Z wb®úwËi j‡¨ Kvh©µg MÖnY KivÑ Z‡e Zv n‡Z n‡e m¤ú~Y© AvBb m¤§Z
(KviY `ª“Z wb¯úwË Avw_©K-†ckx cÖwZcwËevb‡`i Rb¨ jvfRbK n‡Z cv‡i)| f~wg-gvgjv
†kªYxe× K‡i wewfbœ †kªYxi gvgjvi wb®úwËi mgq-mxgv †eu‡a †`qv|
03. DbœZ gvbm-KvVv‡gv m¤úbœ AwaK msL¨K ` †ckvRxex wePviK wb‡qvM †`qv|
04. b¨vq wePv‡ii ivq Kvh©Kix Kivi c`‡c MÖnY Kiv (G‡‡Î cywj‡ki f~wgKv ¯^”Q Kiv)|
05. f~wg-gvgjv †Kv‡U© Avmvi c‡i mswk−ó GjvKvi bvMwiK mgv‡Ri gZvgZ Rvbv|
06. ¯’vbxq ch©v‡qB (MÖvg/BDwbqb/cvov/gnj−v) f~wg msµvš— weev` wggvsmvi me©vZ¥K †Póv Kiv| G
wel‡q KwgwU‡Z Ab¨vb¨‡`i g‡a¨ bvMwiK mgv‡Ri cÖwZwbwa‡`i Aš—fy©³ Kiv|
07. Dc‡Rjv †KvU© cybt¯’vcb Kiv (RbKj¨vYKvgx cÖ‡qvRbxq cwieZ©bmn)|
08. f~wgi cÖK…Z gvwjK A_ev Zvi cÖK…Z DËivwaKvi wbiƒcY Kiv (we‡µZvi gvwjKvbv wbwðZ bv
n‡q †iwR‡÷ªkb bv Kiv; Rvj `wjj wbiƒcY Kivi e¨e¯’v Kiv)|
09. †iwR÷ªk‡bi †‡Î BDwbqb cwil‡`i †Pqvig¨v‡bi mvwU©wd‡Kkb-Gi e¨e¯’v Kiv|
10. gvV ch©v‡qi Z`š— Qvov wgD‡Ukb (bvgRvwi A_ev Rgv-LvwiR) bv Kiv|
11. ÒmvwU©wd‡KU Ae j¨vÛ IbviwkcÓ-Gi GKK c×wZ Pvjy Kiv| G‡‡Î mgš^qnxb wZbwU f~wg
AwdmÑ Znwmj Awdm, mve-‡iwRw÷ª Awdm I †m‡Uj‡g›U AwdmÑ GKwÎZ/mgwš^Z Kiv|
3 e¨vL¨vmn we¯—vwiZ cÖ¯—vebv I Zv ev¯—evq‡b AbyK~j cwi‡ek msµvš— welqvw` g~j cy¯—‡K wee„Z Av‡Q (†`Lyb g~j cy¯—K, c„: 308-315)|
ewY©ZÑ 28wU cÖ¯—ve-Gi AMÖvwaKvi (prioritization) Ges ev¯—evqb ch©vqµg (sequencing) ev¯—e Ae¯’vi †cÖw‡Z ¸i“Z¡c~Y© we‡eP¨ welq|
c„ôv | 5

Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
12. f~wg †iKW© wm‡÷‡g †KvU©‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv|
13. f~wg-gvgjvi ivq cÖfvweZ Ki‡Z ivRbxwZK ev ¯’vbxq cÖfvekvjx‡`i weiZ ivLvÑ welqwU kvw¯—
†hvM¨ Aciva wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv (†m Abyhvqx AvBb cÖYqb I Zv ev¯—evqb Kiv)|
14. hviv Rwgi Rvj `wjj/KvMRcÎ Kiv Ges A‰ea Rwg `L‡ji mv‡_ m¤ú„³ Zv‡`i Rb¨ K‡Vvi
kvw¯—i AvBb cÖYqb Kiv Ges Zv ev¯—evqb Kiv (G‡‡Î bvMwiK mgv‡Ri f~wgKv wewae×
Kiv)|
15. Ggb AvBb Kiv hv‡Z Rwg-Rgvi Rvj `wjjKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤c„³iv Zv‡`i Kvi‡Y wZMÖ¯—‡`i
m¤ú~Y© wZc~iY w`‡Z eva¨ nq|
16. cwiewZ©Z mgq I ev¯—eZvi mv‡_ mvhyR¨nxb mKj AvBb evwZj K‡i hy‡Mvc‡hvMx b~Zb AvBb
cÖYqb Kiv|
17. mv‡f©qviiv †hb f~wgi †iKW© Ges †m‡Uj‡g›U-Gi KvR mwVK Ges cÖfvegy³fv‡e Ki‡Z mg
nbÑ miKvi‡K G `vwqZ¡ †bqv|
18. b`x q, wkKw¯— I cqw¯— Rwg msµvš— mywbw`©ó Ges mgZvwfwËK AvBb cÖYqb I Kvh©Kix
Kiv|
19. fvMPvl msµvš— AvBb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e cÖ‡qvM Kiv|
20. DwKj I mswk−ó‡`i Kg©Kv‡Êi ¯^”QZv e„w× I †ckvi gvbweKxKi‡Yi j‡¨ c`‡c MÖnY Kiv
(cÖ‡qvRbxq cÖwk‡Yi e¨e¯’v Kiv; †K‡mi †kªYxwfwËK wdm wba©viY; g¨vj-cÖvKwUm `~i Kiv
BZ¨vw`)|
21. †`‡ki mKj Lvm Rwg (K…wl, AK…wl, Rjvmn 33 jvL GKi) Ges P‡ii Rwg wPwýZ Kiv Ges
Zv `wi`ª Rb‡Mvwôi g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv| KvRwU myPvi“iƒ‡c m¤úbœ Kivi ¯^v‡_© `wi`ª gvby‡li
msMVb I mswk−ó bvMwiK mgvR‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv|
22. mKj P‡ii Rwgi w`qviv mv‡f© AMÖvwaKvi wfwˇZ m¤úbœ Kiv|
23. AvBb Abyhvqx mKj Awc©Z Rwg-m¤úwË (21 jvL GKi) ÒAwc©Z m¤úwË cÖZ¨vc©Y AvBb
Abyhvqx cªK…Z gvwjK A_ev Zvi DËivwaKvix‡`i eywS‡q †`qv|
24. evsjv‡`k miKvi I cve©Z¨ PÆMÖv‡gi z`ª RvwZmË¡vi gvby‡li g‡a¨ †h kvwš—Pzw³ ¯^vwiZ
n‡q‡Q Zvi AvIZvq f~wg Kwgkb mwµq Kivi gva¨‡g cve©Z¨ GjvKvi f~wg ms¯‹vi Kvh©µg
Z¡ivwš^Z Kiv (G‡‡Î mKj RbKj¨vYKvgx ivR‰bwZK `j I bvMwiK mgv‡Ri HK¨e×
f~wgKv Ri“wi)|
25. mgZj f~wgi z`ª RvwZmË¡vi gvby‡li (†hgb mvIZvj) gvwjKvbvaxb m¤úwË hv Rei`Lj
n‡q‡Q Zv wdwi‡q †`qv (G‡‡Î mKj RbKj¨vYKvgx ivR‰bwZK `j I bvMwiK mgv‡Ri
HK¨e× f~wgKv Ri“wi)|
26. Rwg-m¤úwËi DËivwaKvi AvB‡b gwnjv‡`i gvwjKvbv¯^Z¡ ¸i“Z¡mn we‡ePbv Kiv I Zv
ev¯—evqb Kiv|
27. cwiZ¨v³ m¤úwË AvBb Ges G AvB‡b wZMÖ¯—‡`i welq LwZ‡q †`Lv welqwU Rb¥m~‡Î gvby‡li
m¤úwËi AwaKvi wbwðZKi‡Yi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z)|
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Òevsjv‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvi ivR‰bwZK A_©bxwZ:wekvj GK RvZxq AcP‡qi K_KZvÓ kxl©K cy¯—‡Ki cÖKvkbv:Aveyj eviKvZ
28. miKvwifv‡e f~wg-Rjv e¨vsK (Land-Waterbodies Bank) cÖwZôv Kiv| †h e¨vs‡K f~wg-Rjv
msµvš— wbgœwjwLZ welqvw`i nvj bvMv` Z_¨ Kw¤úDUvi wm‡÷‡g ivLv hv‡e Ges hLb †hfv‡e
cÖ‡qvRb †h †KD Z_¨ †c‡Z cv‡ib: mKj f~wg gvgjvi aib, cwigvY, ¯’vb, †gŠRv, we‡iva-Gi
KviY, wb®úwËi Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`; LvmRwg I Rjvi (P‡ii Rwgmn) aib, cwigvY, ¯’vb, †gŠRv,
weZiY-e‡›`ve¯— Ae¯’v, we‡iva, wb®úwË-Ae¯’v; mKj Awc©Z m¤úwËi aib, cwigvY, ¯’vb,
†gŠRv, eZ©gvb gvwjKvbv Ae¯’v, e‡›`ve¯— Ab¨vb¨; z`ª RvwZmË¡vi gvby‡li Rwg-Rjv ebf~wgi
cwigvY, †e`L‡ji cwigvY, ¯’vb, †gŠRv, Rei-`LjKvixi cwiPq, weev`-we‡iva, wb®úwË-
Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`; wPswo †N‡ii Rwg-Rjvi cwigvY, ¯’vb, †gŠRv, gvwjKvbv, Rei-`L‡ji cwigvY
(¯’vbmn), we‡iva, wZi cwigvY I cÖK…wZ, we‡iva wb®úwËi Ae¯’v BZ¨vw`|
Dwj−wLZ mycvwi‡ki m¤¢eZ GKwUI ZZY ch©š— ev¯—evwqZ n‡e bv hZY ev¯—evqb AbyK~j cwi‡ek I
c~e©kZ© m„wó bv n‡”Q| welqwU †kl wePv‡i ivR‰bwZK| G‡‡Î wZbwU g~j c~e©kZ© cÖwZcvjb Ki‡Z
n‡e:
1. G‡`‡k f~wg-gvgjvq cwievi I RvZxq ch©v‡q wekvj AcPq n‡”QÑ welqwU MYZvwš¿K
miKvi‡K ¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e (recognition of problem)|
2. mgm¨v mgvav‡b ivR‰bwZK mw`”Qv (political will and commitment) `„k¨gvb n‡Z n‡e|
3. miKvi‡K h_vgvÎvq †hvM¨ n‡Z n‡e (issue of competence)|
miKvimn mevB‡K g‡b ivL‡Z n‡e †h ÒRwg nÕj †mvbvÓ Avevi ÒRwgB nÕj hgÓ †h Kvi‡Y G‡`‡k
B‡Zvg‡a¨ f~wgMÖvmx-RjMÖvmx-ebMÖvmx GKwU ¯^v_©v‡š^lx ejq m„wó n‡q‡Q hvi g‡a¨ Av‡Q f~wg cÖkvm‡bi
Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvix, AvBb-k„sLjv ivKvix e¨vw³eM©, wePvi wefv‡Mi mv‡_ mswk−óiv, ivRbxwZwe`‡`i
GKvskmn UvDU-evUcviiv| f~wg-Rjvi cÖK…Z gvwj‡Ki Kv‡Q †hb Zv †diZ bv †h‡Z cv‡i †m‡‡Î
GivB wKš‘ cÖavb euvav| miKvimn Avgv‡`i mevB‡K GI †R‡b ivLv cÖ‡qvRb †h `yó ej‡qi Gme evav
cÖ`vbKvix ¯^v_©v‡š^lx f~wg-Rjv-eb `my¨ivB wba©viK gvÎvq ivóª gZviI cÖK…Z cwiPvjbvKvix
Ges/A_ev gZvmxb‡`i mg-`jfy³ (always with present party-in-power)|
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