27. araştırma sonuçları toplantısı 3. cilt - Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı

Early Byzantine ampullae’ and ‘Amphoriskos/ Unguentarium Agora M369’,
or ‘Frühbyzantinische Ampullen und Amphoriskoi’. They have been found in
Ephesus in various sizes, with or without handles, and often as varieties of
the LR3 amphora from this same region. These vessels may have contained
a special (luxury?) substance, since a similar small amphora with a Greek
graffito ‘κονδ’, refers to κονδιτιον/ conditio i.e. ‘spiced food/wine’. 6
As well as the transport amphorae, many Late Roman storage vessels were
recorded. These pithoi of the Late Roman period tend to have flat or arched
rims, have oxidized cores and are made in coarse, local fabric. Coarse ware
cooking pots and storage jars were sometimes hard to distinguish from the
earlier material, and indeed, from later, medieval wares.
The Early-Middle Byzantine (seventh to twelfth centuries) ceramics included
several fragments of unglazed utilitarian wares in a (rather soft) whitish or
pinkish fabric (depending on iron elements in the clay) with white quartz, red
and black inclusions. These wares are all made of kaolin or kaolinitic clays, soft
white clays found in various parts of Turkey, including the İstanbul area, Lycia,
and the Orta (Çankırı) area. Until now Byzantine unglazed and glazed ceramic
products made of these kaolinitic clays have been noted at only two sites in
Turkey, Constantinople/İstanbul and Limyra in Lycia. 7
Within this group of unglazed utilitarian wares in kaolinitic clays, there
were several fabrics and shapes which are similar to Hayes’ group of ‘Unglazed
White Ware II’ from Saraçhane dating to the seventh and eighth centuries.
The most common shapes are of closed vessels, probably jugs. The fragments
from the Avkat survey have either a flat base or a ‘double’ handle (S1911-01).
This so-called double handle has a second smaller handle on top of the first
larger handle for attaching of a lid (for closing the jug). The fieldwork also
6 This information was provided to J. Vroom by S. Ladstätter from the Ephesus excavations. Cf.
Metaxas, S., ‘Frühbyzantinische Ampullen und Amphoriskoi aus Ephesos’, in: F. Krinzinger
(ed.), Spätantike und Mittelalterliche Keramik aus Ephesos (Vienna, 2005), 67-123; Ladstätter,
S., ‘Funde’, in Steskal, M. and La Torre, M. (eds.) (2007), Das Vediusgymnasium in Ephesos.
Archäologie und Baubefund (Forschungen in Ephesos, Band XIV/1) (Vienna, 2007), 97-123, fig. K 219.
7 e.g., Vroom, J., ‘Late Antique pottery, settlement and trade in the east Mediterranean: A
preliminary comparison of ceramics from Limyra (Lycia) and Boeotia’, in: W. Bowden, et al.,
eds., Recent Research on the Late Antique Countryside (Leiden, 2004), 281-331 at 297-300.
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