27. araştırma sonuçları toplantısı 3. cilt - Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı

Karacalar Kalenin Höyüğü EZ-Tumulus/DÇ (tümülüs)
Gödek Değirmeni rom-byz
Poyraz TaşlıTarla rom-byz
Salmanlı Bazlamaç hell-rom-byz
Roman Imperial and Byzantine Architecture from Tavium
The Institute of Archaeology of the University of Graz has been participating
in the Tavium Survey since 19991 . The archaeological research has been
devoted to the stone monuments which are dispersed in Büyüknefes and in
neighbouring villages. The collected material amounts to appr. 7-800 pieces
and consists of architecture, funerary monuments (including sculpture and
inscriptions) and economic artefacts (wine and olive presses) from Hellenistic,
Roman, and Byzantine periods. There are very few and until now exclusively
funeral objects from Hellenistic times2 , among them a monumental marble lion
from a tumulus at the western border of Tavium dated to the 2nd century B.C3 .
Most of the pieces date to the Roman Imperial period. Their ornamental
decoration is crucial for dating the monuments. The materials used in Roman
architecture are marble and limestone in white, yellow and reddish colour.
Most probably, these materials were mixed within a building in typical
Roman manner and thus produced a delicate contrast.
Marble is the only material with Corinthian capitals and the preferred
material used with column bases whereas Ionian capitals are equally
produced from marble and limestone. Dark volcanic stone (basalt) was
used for Late Antique and Byzantine architecture, in particular for bases
and capitals, especially for impost capitals. The date of basaltic rusticated
ashlars is still to be defined4 . In Late Antiquity marble prevails with column
1 Erath 2000; Christof 2003; Christof – Koiner – Puhm 2004a; Christof – Koiner – Puhm 2004b;
Christof – Erath-Koiner 2005; Christof 2007; Christof – Koiner 2007; Puhm 2007.
2 Christof 2003, 160-162 fig. 16. For phallic stones as grave markers see Christof 2007.
3 Puhm 2007, 576-580 fig. 28-30.
4 Prof. Strobel proposed a Hittite date.
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