tc süleyman demirel üniversitesi fen bilimleri enstitüsü menderes
tc süleyman demirel üniversitesi fen bilimleri enstitüsü menderes
tc süleyman demirel üniversitesi fen bilimleri enstitüsü menderes
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iv<br />
ABSTRACT<br />
The Menderes Massif continental rift zones are divided into three parts as Büyük<br />
Menderes, Küçük Menderes and Gediz continental rift zones. The aim of this study is<br />
to determine the hydrogeological, hydrogeochemical and isotope geological features<br />
and the origin of high boron contents in the geothermal waters in Menderes Massif<br />
continental rift zones.<br />
The water types in Büyük Menderes continental rift zone are generally Na + -HCO3 - -<br />
SO4 2- /Na + -HCO3 2- and Na + -Cl - -HCO3 - whereas the geothermal waters in Gediz<br />
continental rift zone are of Na + -HCO3 - /Na + -Ca 2+ -HCO3 - -SO4 - type and Na + -Ca 2+ -<br />
HCO3 - -SO4 2- in Bayındır area of Küçük Menderes continental rift zone.<br />
Na + , K + , Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ cations and Cl - , HCO3 - , SO4 2- anions indicate that water-rock<br />
interaction dominate in all geothermal waters in Menderes Massif. Plagioklas<br />
weathering dominates in geothermal waters except Pamukkale geothermal area. The<br />
most important hydrogeochemical process is interaction with different lithologie of<br />
reservoir rocks and hot waters. According to Na + -K + -Mg 2+ diagram, the geothermal<br />
waters in Gölemezli, Tekkehamam, Yenice and Pamukkale areas Büyük Menderes<br />
continental rift zone display non-equilibrium waters whereas Kızıldere, Salavatlı,<br />
Ilıcabaşı and Germencik areas indicate the partly equilibrium waters. The geothermal<br />
waters in Gediz and Küçük Menderes continental rift zones are features of nonequilibrium<br />
waters. Germencik area respect to Pamukkale and Gölemezli indicate the<br />
deep-circulated waters. Pamukkale, Gölemezli and Yenice areas together with Gediz<br />
continental rift zone and Küçük Menderes continental rift zone are made up of<br />
shallow-circulated waters having low-temperature. The hydrogeochemical, isotopic<br />
and geothermometer values in Germencik, Ilıcabaşı, Bozköy, Salavatlı areas indicate<br />
the deep-circulated meteoric waters effect and water-rock interaction with<br />
metamorphic rocks of Menderes Massif.<br />
Tritium value is 3.3 (TU) in Pamukkale geothermal waters whereas Germencik<br />
Geothermal waters have 0.7 (TU). It is related with mixing high portion of meteoric<br />
waters into Pamukkale geothermal area. So, this area has low temperature and<br />
shallow-circulated waters. Tritium values show that Salihli, Kurşunlu and Bayındır<br />
geothermal area have mixing cold groundwater.<br />
Salavatlı and Germencik geothermal waters Cl - and Na + ions values are quite high<br />
and very close each other. In these areas, while Cl - values increasing tritium values<br />
decreasing clearly. These evaluations and calculation of HCO3 - / Σanion values show<br />
that mixing with brines in these geothermal waters.<br />
The boron enrichment in the meteoric waters in Büyük Menderes continental rift<br />
zone suggests that the water-rock interaction is an important process in the<br />
geothermal systems. Bayındır area have very low boron value, display very low<br />
water-rock interaction effects. Different lithologies of reservoir rocks and mixing<br />
with cold groundwater result from different boron contents of geothermal waters.<br />
Boron takes place in secondary minerals of Na and K-feldspars. Boron substitutes for<br />
Si and Al in the tetrahedral crystal lattice (Christ ve Harder, 1969; Grew ve Anovitz