İSLAM MEDENİYETİ VE FUAT SEZGİN PROJESİ

İslam Medeniyeti ve Fuat Sezgin Projesi
Islamic Civilization And Fuat Sezgin
ALİ KUŞÇU
Astronomer and mathematician who grew up in
Samarkand during the Timurid period.
Ali Kuşçu recalculated the longitude of Istanbul
previously calculated by Batlamyos. As it was calculated
before, he found the degree of latitude as
41 again and this information was correct and did
not need any change. However, he has corrected
the longitude as 59, which was knownas 60
before, until that day. With this study, Ali Kuşçu
determined the longitude of Istanbul exactly 59
degrees and its latitude 41 degrees 14 minutes
and also made a sundial on the Fatih Mosque
minaret. Ali Kuşçu’s work has also contributed to
many mathematics and astronomy studies in Europe,
especially Copernicus.
He also played an important role in the development
of mathematics and geometry studies especially
in the Ottoman Empire with his works in
mathematics-algebra and geometry. The studies
put forward by Ali Kuşçu brought a serious arrangement
to the studies of astronomy and mathematics
in the Ottoman Empire, where he stayed
for about 2 years and later led to the training
of Mîrim Çelebi (his grandson) and many other
great scientists.
Ali Kuşçu also has studies in theology, grammar
and mathematics and astronomy. Adudüddin’s
comments to Risale-i Adüdiye (The Risalesi of
Adudüddin) and especially his works named Unkud-Üz-Zevahir
fi Nazm-ül-Cevahir (Clustering
of Gems) are important. In addition, his comment
to Uluğ Brain Zic is one of his most important
writings. In addition, he has an encyclopedic
work called Mahbub-ül-Hamail fi Keşif-il-Mesail
(the most admired of talismans in the discovery
of issues). Ali Kuşçu has also dealt with poetry in
addition to all these Works.
FARABİ
The famous Turkish philosopher who based Islamic
philosophy in terms of method, terminology
and problems.
Fârâbî is a great scholar who has done important
studies in the field of Philosophy, Logic, Psychology,
Music, Chemistry, Mathematics and Medicine.
The real fame of Fârâbî comes from philosophy
and especially from philosophy’s bets on religion.
For the first time in the Islamic world, Fârâbî,
who established an eclectic system by adding
some elements from EfLâtun, to the philosophical
movement initiated by Kindî and the Meşşâî
movement formed by him, as well as some of
the theoretical, prophetic and spiritual culture,
which was the basis of his belief and culture.
This Turkish philosopher also dealt with political
philosophy and wrote a famous book known as
“ârâ” Ehli’l-Medîneti’l-Fâdıla “. In this book, he
explained a general State and how the president
of that State should be. Kitâbü’l-Mûsîkî, one of
the most important and original works of Fârâbî
in the history of science, became the basis of
his musical theories in Europe. Sources say that
Fârâbî invented the musical instrument called
“kanun(cither)” for the first time.
He emphasizes that there is a close resemblance
and close relationship between language and
logic. According to him, grammar is to give the
rules of speaking correctly and logic to think
correctly. If language is external speech, logic is
internal speech. However, while it contains the
rules of the language of a grammatical nation,
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