KOAH Bülteni 2013 Sayı 2
Create successful ePaper yourself
Turn your PDF publications into a flip-book with our unique Google optimized e-Paper software.
SONUÇ<br />
Erişkin dönemdeki düşük solunum fonksiyon<br />
testleri ve <strong>KOAH</strong>’a yatkınlık yaşamın erken<br />
dönemlerinde karşımıza çıkan faktörlerle belirlenmektedir.<br />
Anne ya da babada astım tanısı<br />
olması, beş yaş altında geçirilen ciddi solunum<br />
yolu enfeksiyonları, annenin sigara kullanımı,<br />
erişkin dönemdeki düşük FEV 1<br />
nedenidir. Tüm<br />
bunlar erişkin dönemde <strong>KOAH</strong>’a zemin hazırlamaktadır.<br />
Yaşamın erken dönemlerinde karşılaşılan<br />
faktörler in utero ve erken çocukluk çağındaki<br />
akciğer gelişimini etkilemekte; erişkin dönemde<br />
solunum fonksiyonlarında etkili olmaktadır.<br />
Erken dönemde çevresel faktörler persistan inflamasyona<br />
yol açarak <strong>KOAH</strong> için risk oluşturmaktadır.<br />
<strong>KOAH</strong> ile mücadelede yaşamın erken<br />
döneminde sigara ile mücadele, yine annenin<br />
gebelikte sigara içiminin önlenmesi, solunum<br />
yolu enfeksiyonlarından aşı ile korunma, çocukluk<br />
çağı astımının tedavisi önemli role sahiptir.<br />
KAYNAKLAR<br />
1. Buist AS, McBurnie MA, Vollmer WM, et al. International<br />
variation in the prevalence of COPD<br />
(the BOLD Study): a population-based prevalence<br />
study. Lancet. 2007;370(9589):741-50.<br />
2. Mannino DM, Buist AS. Global burden of COPD:<br />
risk factors, prevalence, and future trends. The<br />
Lancet 2007; 370:765–773.<br />
3. Eder W, Ege MJ, von Mutius E. The asthma epidemic.<br />
N Engl J Med 2006;355:2226–35.<br />
4. Svanes C, Jarvis D, Chinn S, et al. Childhood environment<br />
and adult atopy: results from the European<br />
Community Respiratory Health Survey. J Allergy<br />
Clin Immunol 1999;103:415–20.<br />
5. Marossy AE, Strachan DP, Rudnicka AR, et al.<br />
Childhood chest illness and the rate of decline of<br />
adult lung function between ages 35 and 45 years.<br />
Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007;175:355–9.<br />
6. Barker DJ, Godfrey KM, Fall C, et al. Relation of<br />
birth weight and childhood respiratory infection to<br />
adult lung function and death from chronic obstructive<br />
airways disease. BMJ 1991;303:671–5.<br />
7. Shaheen SO, Barker DJ, Holgate ST. Do lower<br />
respiratory tract infections in early childhood cause<br />
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Am J<br />
Respir Crit Care Med 1995;151:1649–52.<br />
8. Merkus PJ, ten Have-Opbroek AA, Quanjer PH.<br />
Human lung growth: a review. Pediatr Pulmonol<br />
1996;21:383–97.<br />
9. Hislop AA, Wigglesworth JS, Desai R. Alveolar<br />
development in the human fetus and infant. Early<br />
Hum Dev 1986;13:1–11.<br />
10. Wang X, Dockery DW, Wypij D, et al. Pulmonary<br />
function growth velocity in children 6 to 18 years<br />
of age. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;148:1502–8.<br />
11. Nicholas BL. Search for biomarkers in chronic<br />
obstructive pulmonary disease: current status.<br />
Curr Opin Pulm Med. <strong>2013</strong>;19(2):103-8.<br />
12. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease<br />
(GOLD). Global strategy for the diagnosis,<br />
management and prevention of COPD. http://www<br />
goldcopd org/2011.<br />
13. Holloway RA, Donnelly LE. Immunopathogenesis<br />
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Curr<br />
Opin Pulm Med. <strong>2013</strong>;19(2):95-102.<br />
14. Balkissoon R, Lommatzsch S, Carolan B, et al.<br />
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a concise<br />
review. Med Clin North Am. 2011;95(6):1125-41.<br />
15. Lindberg A, Eriksson B, Larsson LG, et al. Seven-year<br />
cumulative incidenceof COPD in an<br />
age-stratified general population sample. Chest<br />
2006;129:879–885.<br />
16. Owen CA. Roles for proteinases in the pathogenesis<br />
of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Int J<br />
Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2008;3:253–268.<br />
17. Nadel JA. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor<br />
activation in regulating mucin synthesis. Respir<br />
Res 2001; 2:85–89.<br />
18. Lams BE, Sousa AR, Rees PJ, Lee TH. Immunopathology<br />
of the small-airway submucosa in smokers<br />
with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary<br />
disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;<br />
158:1518–1523.<br />
19. Hogg JC, Chu F, Utokaparch S, et al. The nature<br />
of small-airway obstruction in chronic obstructive<br />
pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 2004; 350:2645–<br />
2653.<br />
20. Wright DT, Cohn LA, Li H, et al. Interactions of<br />
oxygen radicals with airway epithelium. Environ<br />
Health Perspect 1994;102(Suppl 10):85–90.<br />
21. Blanc PD, Iribarren C, Trupin L, et al. Occupational<br />
exposures and the risk of COPD: dusty trades<br />
revisited. Thorax 2009;64(1):6–12.<br />
22. Ko FW, Hui DS. Outdoor air pollution: impact on<br />
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.<br />
Curr Opin Pulm Med 2009;15(2):150–7.<br />
23. Nakamura H. Genetics of COPD. Allergol Int<br />
2011;60(3):253–8.<br />
24. Pillai DR, Shahinas D, Buzina A, et al. Genome-wide<br />
dissection of globally emergent multi-drug resistant<br />
serotype 19A Streptococcus pneumoniae.<br />
BMC Genomics 2009;10:642.<br />
25. Han MK. Update in chronic obstructive pulmo-<br />
11
Change language