EN - FR - Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3
EN - FR - Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3
EN - FR - Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3
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The Role <strong>and</strong> Effeciency of Foreign Aid in<strong>Africa</strong>’s De<strong>ve</strong>lopment(Problems <strong>and</strong> Recommendations)Zahra NuruExtract from a paper on The Need to Transcend Special Interests by DrKenneth Kaunda, Former President of the Republic of Zambia (1964-1991):“In <strong>Africa</strong> we are confronted by four urgent problems that are ravagingour continent: (1) po<strong>ve</strong>rty <strong>and</strong> its offshoots of disease, illiteracy, crime, <strong>and</strong>social upheavals; (2) AIDS; (3) malaria (4) tuberculosis. It is sad thatdespite abundant resources, the continent continues to languish in abjectpo<strong>ve</strong>rty. I am sure there are many hypotheses as to why this is the case.Notwithst<strong>and</strong>ing these, positi<strong>ve</strong> steps must be taken to reduce these po<strong>ve</strong>rtyle<strong>ve</strong>ls urgently, within the spirit of economic justice…our continent hasbeen afflicted by conflicts <strong>and</strong> wars for decades …….This situation cannotbe allowed to continue indefinitely. The time has come for a sincere, objecti<strong>ve</strong>approach that will st<strong>and</strong> the test of time.”IntroductionThe Uni<strong>ve</strong>rsal Declaration of Human Rights <strong>and</strong> the MillenniumDeclaration pledged to safeguard basic human rights-the rights of each personon the planet to health, education, shelter, <strong>and</strong> security. The MillenniumDe<strong>ve</strong>lopment goals are world’s time-bound <strong>and</strong> quantified targets for addressingextreme po<strong>ve</strong>rty in its many dimensions-income po<strong>ve</strong>rty, hunger, disease,lack of adequate shelter <strong>and</strong> exclusion, while promoting gender equality, education,<strong>and</strong> environmental sustainability. The United Nations has defined 50countries as least de<strong>ve</strong>loped (LDCs) of which 34 are based in <strong>Africa</strong>, 14 inAsia <strong>and</strong> one each in the Pacific <strong>and</strong> in the Arab States <strong>and</strong> the Latin America<strong>and</strong> Caribbean region. These countries represent the poorest <strong>and</strong> weakest segmentof the international community <strong>and</strong> one in e<strong>ve</strong>ry ten persons on this planetis living in an LDC. Countries within this group are identified on the basisof three important criteria of low-income, human resource weakness <strong>and</strong> eco-
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