EN - FR - Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3

262 Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and TurkeyNo where did the document mention the more consequential corruption andmismanagement and exploitation by the powerful nations—to whom NEPADsought to appeal. Even the consequences of the domination of the BrettonWoods institutions and their policies were not taken to task at all.It appears that, rather than denouncing them, they were only too anxiousto embrace the Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPs). If the G8 endorsedNEPAD at Kananaskis, it is because it absolved these nations from all responsibilityof the historic injustices meted out on the people of Africa. Those whoprepared NEPAD ignored the fact that Africa rejected global developmentstrategies when it produced the Lagos Plan of Action (LPA), for example in1980, a document that stood for “collective self-reliance.” LPA had pointedout that Africa “remains the least developed continent….Africa is susceptibleto the disastrous effects of natural and endemic diseases of the cruelest typeand is victim of settler exploitation arising from colonialism, racism andapartheid. Indeed, Africa was directly exploited during the colonial period andfor the past two decades; this exploitation has been carried out through neocolonialistexternal forces which seek to influence the economic policies anddirections of African States.” (Organization of African Unity 1980: 5)The Abuja Treaty of 1981 had also rejected the neo-liberal wisdom ofSAPs, and other documents that were to do the same were such as the AfricanAlternative Framework to Structural Adjustment Programmes of 1989, theAfrican Charter for Popular Participation and Development (the ArushaCharter) of 1990 and the Cairo Agenda of 1994. It even fell short of even theinitiatives of the World Conference Against Racism in Durban, South Africa,in September 2001, when 6,000 delegates from 153 countries gathered toexpose the evil of racism or the Gorée Conference that condemned slaveryinflicted on Africa as a crime against humanity. No wonder that the documentmade very few references to human rights, and even when these were made,it was in a rhetorical manner. Hardly, did it make any efforts to guarantee selfdeterminationfor the people, and in a way it advanced some policies that areincompatible with democracy and human rights.NEPAD pledged to support its successor policies and the Africa Growthand Opportunity Act (AGOA) passed by the US Congress. It was not even criticalof the fact that Overseas Development Aid (ODA), are used to imposeeconomic and political conditionalities on the governments and peoples ofAfrica. Instead it took ODA as a basis for Africa’s development. In this way,it accepted the fundamentals of SAPs paradigm by uncritically endorsing theso-called Poverty Reduction Strategy Programmes (PSPRs). The documentcould not discern that poverty reduction strategies that are being currently