EN - FR - YÃ¼kselen Afrika ve TÃ¼rkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3

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208 Yükselen Afrika ve Türkiye / Rising Africa and TurkeyTable1. Tracking developing world progress by region since 1990 –(selected regions)Source: Investing in Development: A Practical Plan to Achieve theMillennium Development GoalsAgriculture is an economic mainstay of many least developed countries.In Africa, agriculture accounts for 24% of the continent’s GDP, 40% of its foreignexchange earnings, and 70% of its employment. Women constitute themain workforce in agriculture, and in Uganda alone women produce 75% ofthe country’s food and comprise 80% of agricultural labour force.
The Role and Effeciency of Foreign Aid in Africa’s Development 209During post independence period, several efforts were undertaken toshape an Africa that seeks to re-engineer itself through sustainable economicgrowth, (and create institutions that support political independence and economicviability). These included expert meetings and summits of heads ofstate and government which were convened by the then Organization ofAfrican Unity (OAU) and UN Economic Commission for Africa (UN/ECA)in Addis Ababa and other capitals in the continent to discuss how Africa canattain its set targets and ambition, to fast track progress, bring real independenceand integration, and realize the potentials of the continents people. Thepolitical and military struggles of liberation of Southern Africa, and antiapartheidmovements provided a strong rallying ground for the continent andenhanced African unity. During the 1990s the OAU enacted key compacts forsub-regional and regional integration that included the African EconomicCommunity. These compacts provided a strategy for modernizing Africaneconomies and supported the transformation of the African body from being apurely political voice of Africa to an organization that can seriously advocatefor the continent on matters of globalization that increasingly exhibited thegrowing marginalization of the continent to contemporary global economicissues and sustainable human development of the people of Africa.The previous decades ushered in the Lagos Plan of Action, AfricaDevelopment Decade and the current African Union’s (AU) blueprint, theNew Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD). The Africa Peer ReviewMechanism (APRM) has brought in a unique and dynamic tool which puts onthe agenda issues of national governance that had always been sacrosanct.This is critical governance mechanism that has been endorsed by almost halfof members of the AU which allows countries to conduct country-based selfassessments in governance and its governance institutions. The APRM is facingenormous challenges that have the potential to affect its effectiveness, inespecially in dealing with several countries in Africa that are facing situationsof conflicts, civil strife and wars as well as those that are in fragile conditionsof post-conflict, rebuilding and reconstruction. These are all pillars in the constructionof a continent that seeks to be responsive to the needs of the population,that is more democratic, that is stable and peaceful and seeks to build abetter future for the coming generations.The recent 2005 Commission for Africa report has challenged the G8summit of industrial powers to make aid for Africa an urgent and issue of priorityif the global community is to meet its development goals including theMDGs. (See information on tracking developing world progress by regionsince 1990 (in selected regions).
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2. Oturum21. Yüzy›lda AfrikaOtur
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Afrika’ya Genel Bir Bak›flH›f
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Afrika’ya Genel Bir Bak›fl 113
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11 Eylül, Dünya Siyaseti ve Afrik
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Afrika Birli¤i ve Libya’n›n Af
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Afrika’daki Güvenlik Sorunlar›
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EN - FR - YÃ¼kselen Afrika ve TÃ¼rkiye / Rising Africa and Turkey 3

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