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es, which seem to cover large areas, suggesting the presence of more unidentified
(semi-) public structures. The furnaces also seem to be enclosed in walled, rectangular
structures.
- Area 3 surrounding the ancient theatre produced the most intriguing series of
observations (Fig. 8, No. 3; Fig. 9). Immediately northeast of the monument, an area
with a high concentration of thermoremanent magnetisation was located, suggesting
the extension of the eastern artisanal quarter of the town up to this point, with at least
two dozen of kilns or furnaces. Immediately east of the theatre, a very large rectangular
structure can be recognized. It is composed of a courtyard with three larger rooms
at its northern end and a series of smaller rooms along its southern edge. One is clearly
dealing here with a gymnasium composed of a large palaestra with the main teaching
rooms, among which the central and larger one must be the ephebeion (classroom
for youths in their early manhood). The whole layout is very similar to that of the
Hellenistic gymnasium at Miletus. Afterwards aerial photographs taken from a kite also
produced a clear picture of the same monument (Fig. 10). Attached to the southern
part of the structure is something, which looks like a kind of half stadium, which might
be a running track. To the south of the theatre a small bathing complex in brick belonging
to the Southwest Anatolian type composed of three apsidal rooms, was identified,
amongst a variety of streets and housing units further down slope, extending towards
the excavated zone of Domestic Area. Moreover, south of the Theatre, and in the line
of the honorific column on the outcrop to the east, a temenos with a temple complex
was also identified. It is tempting to locate here the original location of what most probably
was the Dionysos Temple, which eventually ended up reused in the apse of Basilica
E 1, constructed within the arena of the stadium on the opposite side of town.
In the past, MS readings of the excavated kilns in the Potters’ quarter were 4-
5x10 -3 SI. Differences in MS between the kiln and the surrounding soil proved too low
for detecting kilns at a depth of 1-2 m. Results of the last season provided us, however,
with a lot of indications about distinct areas with strong thermoremanent magnetization,
which showed a very clear bipolar shape of magnetic anomalies. This is typical
for well preserved kilns in situ. According to those results, we can conclude that locating
kilns at Sagalassos site is possible. This fact is possibly in correlation with the
depth of the buried kilns - if the "distribution" of MS is the same all around the site. It
means that in the area 3, surveyed in 2003, located features with thermoremanent
magnetization are closer to the surface than in the area excavated on the eastern slope
of the potters’ quarter. The situation in magnetic properties of the soil in the vicinity
of the kilns could also change to lower values, because of the admixture of magnetically
low material, enabling detection at greater depths. Theoretical magnetic models
will be needed for estimation of depth and shape of such objects. Besides bipolar magnetic
anomalies, one can recognize some small areas of similar shape in horizontal
cross section and strong magnetization without clear bipolarity of the anomalous magnetic
field. This may result from destroyed kilns or pits filled up with magnetic refuse
material (ceramics, slag, …).
It is obvious that magnetic background noise changes in that part of area 3 are
associated with industrial activities (potter’s, blacksmith’s workshops?) at a higher level.
This is due to the admixture of large quantities of highly magnetic particles (ceramics
etc.) in the topsoil. Because of the noisy background, which comes from shallow
depths, some linear magnetic anomalies in the direction of walls made of limestone are
less visible. They are partly "covered" also by strong thermoremanent magnetization of
kilns in the near vicinity. This interpretation is acceptable from a technical point of view.
Possible one is dealing with workshop buildings, which were used for a short period,
abandoned and reconstructed, time after time? If one adds up all circumstances here,
the situation is very complex for magnetic prospection. Some other geophysical methods
such as ground penetrating radar (GPR) should be involved for more detailed results
in reconstructing individual buildings.
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