11. Araştırma Sonuçları Toplantısı - Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı

Just above the north end of lake the remains of a robbed EarlyBronze Age site, perhaps a tumulus grave, provides rare evidence formuch earlier exploitation of the area.Since YazırGöl had proved unsatisfactory for sediment coring, theteam moved down to Gölhisar Gölü. Large scale pumping of water for irrigationhad lowered the water level of the lake, so that it was surroundedby a broad margin of soft mud, which prevented our launching the drillingboat. However, the rig was set up close to water, where the mud wasfirm enough to bear our weight and from here we were able to recovercores extending down to a depth of over 8 m. Two 14C dates have beenobtained so far. One sample, from a depth of about 2.70 m, correspondsto a 10 cm layer of vo1canic ash, and the date, 3330±70 14C years RP. orabout 1650 Re., suggests that this relates to the explosive eruption of theSantorini vo1cano. It will be interesting to investigate what the impact ofthis major event was on vegetation. if the build up of sediment wassteady, then the full core depth of 8.13 m should cover about the last10.000 years, so providing evidence for climatic and vegetational changessince the Neolithic period and indicating the times and extent of humanimpact on the environment. Although Gölhisar Gölü is at a lower altitudethan Balboura, any climatic changes affecting the vegetationaround it will have affected.Balboura also. Further analysis is being carried out for diatoms, geochemistry,sediment texture, and pollen, but this detailed study will requireseveral years' work.The inquiries into traditional agriculture were carried out by Dr MalcolmWagstaff of the University of Southampton and Doç. Dr Aygen Erdentuğof Bilkent University. The work focused on the villages of Çobanisa,Çaltılar, and Karaculha Yaylası in the vilayet of Muğla. The firsttwo no longer have lowland counterparts, and show how permanent settlementscan make an adequate living from the resources of the uplandarea alone. The third has alarger lowland twin near Fethiye, and so illustratesthe seasonal exploitation of the uplands from a lowland base. Thequestioning related to the period before 1960, that is, before tractors, insecticidesand artificial fertilise[Lw_eLe_available-in-the-district,-fof-uutil---­that time farming methods will have been subject to the same limitationsas in antiquity, and may well have changed little.In both the permanent and seasonal villages dry farming, particularlyof wheat and barley, was the dominant form. The figures which were obtainedfor crop yields at various altitudesand for household requirements,should provide the basis for rough ca1culations of possible popula-431