1756. KAYNAKLARAbulkibash, A.M., Sultan, S.M., Al-Olyan, A.M., Al-Ghannam, S.M., 2003.Differential electrolytic potentiometric titration method for the determinationof ciprofloxacin in drug formulations. Talanta 61, 239-244.Akkan, H.A., Karaca, M., 2003. Veteriner iç hastalıklarında antibiyotiklerinkullanımı. YYÜ Vet. Fak. Derg., 14(2), 72-77.Albert A, Serjeant EP.,1984. The determination of ionization constants,3rd ed.London: Chapman and Hall, p. 136-75.Appelbaum, P.C., Hunter, P.A., 2000. The fluoroquinolone antibacterials: past,present and future perspecti<strong>ve</strong>s. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents16, 5-15.Avdeef, A., Box, K.J., Comer, J.E.A., Gilges, M., Hadley, M., Hibbert, C., Patterson,W., Tam, K.Y., 1999. pH Metric logP. 11.pKa determination of water-insolubledrugs in organic sol<strong>ve</strong>nt-water mixtures. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 20(4), 631-641.Barbosa, J., Barrόn, D., Cano, J., Jiménez-Lozano, E., Sanz-Nebot, V., Toro, I.,2001. Evaluation of electrophoretic method <strong>ve</strong>r<strong>su</strong>s chromatographic,potentiometric and absorptiometric methodologies for determing pK a values ofquinolones in hydroorganic mixtures. Journal of Pharmaceutical andBiomedical Analysis. 24, 1087-1098.Barbosa, J., Barrόn, D., Jiménez-Lozano, E., Sanz-Nebot, V., 2001. Comparisonbetween capillary electrophoresis, liquid chromatography, potentiometric andspectrophotometric techniques for evaluation of pK a values of zwitterionicdrugs in acetonitrile-water mixtures. Analytica Chimica Acta 437, 309-321.
176Barrόn, D., Jiménez-Lozano, E., Barbosa, J., 2001. Prediction of electrophoreticbehaviour of a series of quinolones in aqueous methanol. Journal ofChromatography A, 919, 395-406.Barrόn, D., Jiménez-Lozano, E., Irles, A., Barbosa, J., 2000. Influence of pH and pK avalues on electrophoretic behaviour of quinolones in aqueous and hydroorganicmedia. Journal of Chromatography A, 871, 381-389.Caliaro GA, Herbots CA. 2001., Determination of pKa values basic new drug<strong>su</strong>bstances by CE. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 26, 427-434.Cross, J.T., Jr, MD, MPH, 2001.Fluoroquinolones. Seminars in pediatric infectiousdiseases, 12(3), 211-223.Doğan, A., Köseoğlu, F., Kılıç, E., 2002. Studies on the macroscopic protonationconstants of some α-amino acids in ethanol–water mixture. AnalyticalBiochemistry 309, 75-78.Dökmeci, İ., Akça<strong>su</strong>, A., Banoğlu, N., Berkarda, Ş. Ve ark., 1992. Farmakoloji. İlaçuygulamalarında temel kavramlar. Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri, 705-785.Drakopoulos, A.I., Ioannou, P.C., 1997. Spectrofluorimetric study of the acid-baseequilibria and complexation behavior of the fluoroquinolone antibioticsofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin and pefloxacin in aqueous solution.Analytica Chimica Acta 354, 197-204.Espinosa-Mansilla, A., Muñoz de la Peña, A., González Gómez, D., Salinas, F.,2005. HPLC determination of enoxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin andofloxacin with photoinduced fluorimetric (PIF) detection and multiemissionscanning Application to urine and serum. Journal of Chromatography B, 822,185-193.
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BAZI KİNOLONLARIN İYONLAŞMA SAB
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iİÇİNDEKİLERİÇİNDEKİLER …
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iii4.2.1. Siprofloksasinin Asetonit
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vABSTRACTDETERMINATION OF THE IONIZ
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viiSİMGELER DİZİNİΦ Nötraliza
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ixŞekil 3.4. %70 metanol-su ortam
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xiŞekil 4.30. 2 kez protonlanmış
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xiiiŞekil 4.60. 1 kez protonlanmı
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xvŞekil 4.90. 1 kez protonlanmış
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xviiŞekil 4.120. 2 kez protonlanm
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xixŞekil 4.150. 2 kez protonlanmı
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xxiŞekil 4.180. 1 kez protonlanmı
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xxiiiÇİZELGELER DİZİNİÇizelge
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xxvÇizelge 5.26. 1 kez protonlanm
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2İyonlaşma sabitlerinin tayininde
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4olabilir, vitamin K ve B sentezini
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6etkili değildirler. Spektrumları
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8Çizelge 1.1. Kinolonların yapıl
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10Şekil 1.5. Pipemidik asidin elde
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12Şekil 1.9. Siprofloksasinin elde
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14engellenir. DNA fonksiyonlarını
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16Şekil 1.14. Florokinolonların f
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18konsantrasyonlara (C max ) ulaş
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20yaş altında kullanımları öne
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22elektrot, H + iyonları derişimi
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241.1.9.2. Potansiyometrik Titrasyo
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261.1.10.2. Gran Metodu Kullanılar
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28Bağıntıda C a ve C b , asit ve
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30veya−[ OH ]( V + V ) = C ( V
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32+[ H ]=Ka( V −V)eşVbb(1.25)Gö
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342. KAYNAK BİLGİSİAvdeef ve ark
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36fosforik asit için verilen 2,2 -
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38Şekil 2.2. Siprofloksasinin içi
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40Garrido ve ark. (2006), tuz formu
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42karışımlarında kesin olarak t
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44verileri kullanarak denenmiştir.
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46Çalışmada, hücre standardizas
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483.3.11. Asit çözeltisi1 M stand
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503.4.2. Bazın Derişiminin Belirl
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520,0250,020y = (-0,01945 ± 0,0000
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544. ARAŞTIRMA BULGULARI VE TARTI
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56y = (-3,11.10 -8 ± 2,94.10 -10 )
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58Bu bileşiğin % 70(v/v) metanol-
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600,0004y = (-0,00142 ± 0,00004)
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621210pH8640 1 2 3 4ΦŞekil 4.15.
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6412108pH6420 1 2 3 4mL titrantŞek
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66Bileşiğin % 50 (v/v) metanol-su
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686,00E-0095,00E-009y = (-2,31.10 -
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700,0006y = (-0,00226 ± 0,00006) m
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72mV200150100500-50-100-150-200-250
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747,00E-0096,00E-009y = (-2,31.10 -
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760,0008y = (-0,00238 ± 0,00008) m
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781210pH8640 1 2 3 4mL titrantŞeki
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80150.0100.0e.m.f. (mV): titr. 150.
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8212108pH6420 1 2 3 4ΦŞekil 4.54.
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841,60E-0081,40E-008y = (-2,55.10 -
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86Bileşiğin %40(v/v) metanol-su i
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880,0006y = (-0,0027 ± 0,00008) Φ
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902,50E-0082,00E-008y = (-3,49.10 -
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92Bu bileşiğin %60(v/v) metanol-s
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940,0005y = (-0,00226 ± 0,00006)
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9612108pH6420 1 2 3 4ΦŞekil 4.81.
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981210pH86420 1 2 3 4mL titrantŞek
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100Bu bileşiğin %40(v/v) metanol-
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1025,00E-009y = (-2,18.10 -8 ± 7,5
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1040,0008y = (-0,00275 ± 0,00007)
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10615050mV-50-1500 1 2 3 4mL titran
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1081,20E-009y = (-3,38.10 -9 ± 6,4
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1100,0006y = (-2,24.10 -3 ± 0,0000
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112pH1412108640 1 2 3 4mL titrantŞ
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114e.m.f. (mV): titr. 1100.050.00.0
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116141210pH86420 1 2 3 4ΦŞekil 4.
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1185,00E-009y = (-8,86.10 -9 ± 2,7
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120Bu bileşiğin %40(v/v) asetonit
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1220,00060,0005y = (-2,05.10 -3 ±
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