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Ufuk-U_niversitesi-SBE-Dergisi-S-ayı-5-kopya

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Affective strategies are linked to emotions, beliefs and attitudes which can range from anxietyto excessive self-confidence and the social strategies focus on the effectiveness of languageuse in conversations with others.Figure 1. Diagram of the Strategy System: Overview_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________This perspective has been the tool of many researchers investigating strategy use ofmono- and bilinguals, few researchers have focused on multilinguals’ use of strategiescomparing o bilinguals. As mentioned before, one of the differences between bilingual andmultilingual learners is the amount in language learning experience and the experience ofmultilinguals consciously learning a language which prompted the idea that multilinguallearners make use of different language learning strategies. The prior experience is thought tocause a “catalytic or speed up effect” purposed by Herdina and Jessner (2002, p. 68) which isonly viable in a context with at least three languages.Kemp (2007) conducted a study on the use of grammar strategies of multilinguallearners and hypothesized that multilinguals’ “use of strategies may increase in number,frequency, complexity and appropriateness [...]” (p. 243). Her study included 114 participantswhose number of language acquisition range from two to twelve. She made use of a set of 40grammar strategies, which she based on the strategies recommended by textbooks or adaptedfrom Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning, and questions on other strategiesused. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between the number of languagesknown and grammar strategies used. More specifically, she concluded that the number ofgrammar strategies increases as the number of languages increases.Psaltou-Joycey and Kantaridou (2009) obtained similar results in her study in which1555 undergraduates with different languages as their second and/or third language took part.61

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