Türk ve Japon Modernleşmesi: 'Uygarlık Süreci' - Birikim

245cal framework on how the institution would function and operate became themain reason for the inability of the authorities in the Muslim countries to find aworkable solution to the problem of keeping the institution intact after theTurkish decision of abolition.The article concludes that whenever and wherever an able Muslim politicalpower emerged and dominated over the rest of the Islamic world, the caliphateappeared to have been a symbol for union in favor of this powerful entity whichcame to be a centre of attraction for all Muslims. Wheras in times of crisis andfragmentation which the world of Islam periodically faced, the institution of caliphatemade the situation worse, by becoming a source of conflict in the realmof Islam. Subsequently, with the rise of the idea and practice of the ‘nation-state’and the spread of its ideology ‘nationalism’ all over the world, any such fragmentationleft no place for the caliphate to take a refuge within ‘the house of Islam’which, in its turn, could not escape from being part of this global project ofmodernity.