BOTULÄ°NUM TOKSÄ°NÄ°
BOTULÄ°NUM TOKSÄ°NÄ° BOTULÄ°NUM TOKSÄ°NÄ°
41- Ünal M, Sevim S, Doğu O, et al. Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Nasal Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Double- Blind, Placebocontrolled Clinical Trial. Acta Otolaryngol 2003;123:1060-63. 42- Shaari CM, Sanders I. Quantifying how location and dose of botulinum toxin injections affect muscle paralysis. Muscle Nerve 1993;16:964-69. 43- Sloop R, Cole D,Patel M. Muscle paralysis produced by botulinum toxin type A injection in treated torticollis patients compared with toxin naive individuals. Mov Disord 2001;16:100-5. 44- Van Laborde, Dover JS, Moore M, et al. Reduction in injection pain with botulinum toxin type B further diluted using saline with preservative: a doubleblind randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:875-77. 45- Rohrbach S, Olthoff A, Laskawi R, Giefer B, Gotz W. Botulinum toxin type A induces apoptosis in nasal glands of guinea pigs. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2001;110(11):1045-50. 46- Knight A, Kazim F, Salvatori VA. A trial of intranasal Atrovent versus placebo in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. Annals- Allergy 1986;57(5):348-54. 47- Lindberg S, Malm L. Comparison of allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis patients on the basis of a computer questionnaire. Allergy 1993;48:602-07. 48- Mygind N, Anggard A, Druce HM. Definition, classification and terminology. Mygind M, Weeke B, eds. Alergic and vasomotor rhinitis; clinical aspects. Copernhagen: Munksgaard, 1985: 17. 49- Jaradeh SS, Smith TL, TorricoL, et al. Autonomic nervous system evaluation of patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1828-31. 50- Raphael GD, Baraniuk JN, Kaliner MA. How and why the nose runs. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87(2): 457-67. 51- Smith TL. Vasomotor rhinitis is not a wastebasket diagnosis. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2003;129(5):584-87. 52- Ruffoli R, Fattori B, Giambelluca MA, Soldani P, Giannessi F. Ultracytochemical localization of the NADPH- d activity in the human nasal respiratory mucosa in vazomotor rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1361-65. 53- Golding-Wood PH. Observations on petrosal and vidian neurectomy in chronic vasomotor rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol 1961;75:232-47. 54- Raphael GD, Meredith SD, Baraniuk JN, Kaliner MA. Nasal reflexes. Am J Rhinol 1988;2:109-16. 80
55- Gehanno P, Deschamps E, Garay E, Bachre M, Garay RP. Vasomotor rhinitis: clinical efficacy of azelastine nasal spray in comparison with placebo. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 2001;63:76- 81. 56- Prasanna A, Murthy PS. Vasomotor rhinitis and sphenopalatine ganglion block. J Pain Symptom Manage 1997;13:332-38. 57- King C, Mabry RL, Mabry CS. Günhan Ö, Günhan K, Türkçe çeviri ed. Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamasında Alerji. Nobel Tıp Kitapevleri.İstanbul.1998; 79- 128. 58- Choi IS, Koh YI, Koh JS, Lee MG. Sensitivity of the skin prick test and spesificity of the serum- spesific Ig E test for airway responsiveness to house dust mites in asthma. J Asthma 2005;42(3):197-02. 59- Schwindt CD, Hutcheson PS, Leu SY, Dykewicz MS. Role of intradermal skin tests in the evaluation of clinically relevant respiratory allergy assessed using patient history and nasal challanges. Ann Allergy Asthma Immmunol 2005; 94(6):627-33. 60- Borts MR, Druce HM. The use of intranasal anticholinergic agents in the treatment of nonallergic perennial rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol1992;90: 1065-70. 61- Wood CC, Fireman P, Grosman J, Wecker M, et al. Product characteristics and pharmacokinetics of intranasal ipratropium bromide. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:1111-16. 62- Deckers W. The chemistry of new derivatives of tropane alkaloids and the pharmacakinetics of a new quaternary compound. Postgrad Med J 1975; 51(7):76-81. 63- Rominger KL. Chemistry and pharmacokinetics of ipratropium bromide. Scand J Respir Dis 1979;103:116-26. 64- Borum P, Mygind N, Larsen FS. Ipratropium nasal spray: a new treatment for perennial rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol 1979;4:407-11. 65- Mygind N, Borum P. Effect of a cholinoceptor antagonist in the nose. Eur J Respir Dis 1983 64(128):167-74. 66- Kim KT, Kerwin E, Landwehr L, Bernstein JA, et al. Use of 0.06% ipratropium bromide nasal spray in children aged 2 to 5 years with rhinorrhea due to a common cold or allergies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2005;94:73-9. 81
- Page 29 and 30: lifler ile alt solunum yolu düz ka
- Page 31 and 32: 4- İlaca bağlı 5- İrritan fakt
- Page 33 and 34: Tablo 1: Non-Enfeksiyöz Non-Alerji
- Page 35 and 36: Hastalarda semptomların başlamas
- Page 37 and 38: duyarlılık vardır. Kaşıntı ve
- Page 39 and 40: Tablo 3 : Alerjik, Non-Alerjik Rini
- Page 41 and 42: nazal mukozaya ulaşan parasempatik
- Page 43 and 44: Bacillus botulinus denilirken, daha
- Page 45 and 46: eder, flask paraliziye ve otonom se
- Page 47 and 48: YAKIN VE UZAK NÖRONLAR ÜZERİNE E
- Page 49 and 50: edildiğinde sistemik etkisi görü
- Page 51 and 52: İşlem yapılmadan önce hastalara
- Page 53 and 54: semptomlar açısından değerlendi
- Page 55 and 56: Tablo 4: GRUP A ( İntranazal Botul
- Page 57 and 58: Tablo 6: GRUP C ( İntranazal Serum
- Page 59 and 60: Grupların yaş ortalamalarına gö
- Page 61 and 62: 5 4,5 4 GAS Skoru Ortalaması 3,5 3
- Page 63 and 64: Tablo 10: Cinsiyetlere Göre Tedavi
- Page 65 and 66: TARTIŞMA Perennial non-alerjik rin
- Page 67 and 68: Alerji yönünden yaygın kabul gö
- Page 69 and 70: hatta kaşıntıyı (etkisi 2 hafta
- Page 71 and 72: hafta devam ettiği görüldüğün
- Page 73 and 74: Bu etkinin her iki ilaç grubunda 8
- Page 75 and 76: ÖZET Non-alerjik, non-enfeksiyöz
- Page 77 and 78: KAYNAKLAR 1- Özcan M. Burun Anatom
- Page 79: 27- Bronsky EA, Druce H, Findlay SR
41- Ünal M, Sevim S, Doğu O, et al. Effect of Botulinum Toxin Type A on Nasal<br />
Symptoms in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis: A Double- Blind, Placebocontrolled<br />
Clinical Trial. Acta Otolaryngol 2003;123:1060-63.<br />
42- Shaari CM, Sanders I. Quantifying how location and dose of botulinum toxin<br />
injections affect muscle paralysis. Muscle Nerve 1993;16:964-69.<br />
43- Sloop R, Cole D,Patel M. Muscle paralysis produced by botulinum toxin type<br />
A injection in treated torticollis patients compared with toxin naive individuals.<br />
Mov Disord 2001;16:100-5.<br />
44- Van Laborde, Dover JS, Moore M, et al. Reduction in injection pain with<br />
botulinum toxin type B further diluted using saline with preservative: a doubleblind<br />
randomized controlled trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2003;48:875-77.<br />
45- Rohrbach S, Olthoff A, Laskawi R, Giefer B, Gotz W. Botulinum toxin type A<br />
induces apoptosis in nasal glands of guinea pigs. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol<br />
2001;110(11):1045-50.<br />
46- Knight A, Kazim F, Salvatori VA. A trial of intranasal Atrovent versus placebo<br />
in the treatment of vasomotor rhinitis. Annals- Allergy 1986;57(5):348-54.<br />
47- Lindberg S, Malm L. Comparison of allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis<br />
patients on the basis of a computer questionnaire. Allergy 1993;48:602-07.<br />
48- Mygind N, Anggard A, Druce HM. Definition, classification and terminology.<br />
Mygind M, Weeke B, eds. Alergic and vasomotor rhinitis; clinical aspects.<br />
Copernhagen: Munksgaard, 1985: 17.<br />
49- Jaradeh SS, Smith TL, TorricoL, et al. Autonomic nervous system evaluation<br />
of patients with vasomotor rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1828-31.<br />
50- Raphael GD, Baraniuk JN, Kaliner MA. How and why the nose runs. J Allergy<br />
Clin Immunol 1991;87(2): 457-67.<br />
51- Smith TL. Vasomotor rhinitis is not a wastebasket diagnosis. Arch Otolaryngol<br />
Head Neck Surg 2003;129(5):584-87.<br />
52- Ruffoli R, Fattori B, Giambelluca MA, Soldani P, Giannessi F.<br />
Ultracytochemical localization of the NADPH- d activity in the human nasal<br />
respiratory mucosa in vazomotor rhinitis. Laryngoscope 2000;110:1361-65.<br />
53- Golding-Wood PH. Observations on petrosal and vidian neurectomy in<br />
chronic vasomotor rhinitis. J Laryngol Otol 1961;75:232-47.<br />
54- Raphael GD, Meredith SD, Baraniuk JN, Kaliner MA. Nasal reflexes. Am J<br />
Rhinol 1988;2:109-16.<br />
80
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