Protez Enfeksiyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve Yönetimi The ... - jcam.com.tr

<strong>Protez</strong> Enfeksiyonlarına Medikal <strong>ve</strong> Cerrahi Yaklaşım / Prosthetic <strong>Protez</strong> Enfeksiyonlarına Joint Infections Medikal Medical <strong>ve</strong> and Cerrahi Surgical Yaklaşım Approach
/ Prosthetic Joint Infections Medical and Surgical Approach
Tablo 2. <strong>Protez</strong> eklem enfeksiyonlarında antimikrobiyal tedavi [7,46]
Mikroorganizma Antibiyotik Doz Veriliş yolu
Metisiline duyarlı
Stafilokok aureus,
Koagülaz negatif
stafilokoklar
Metisiline dirençli
Stafilokok aureus
<strong>ve</strong> Koagülaz negatif
stafilokoklar
Streptokok türleri
(Streptococcus
agalactiae hariç)
Enterokok türleri
(Penisiline duyarlı)
<strong>ve</strong>
Streptococcus
Agalactiae
Enterobacteriaceae
(Kinolon duyarlı)
Nonfermantatifler
(Örg: P. Aeruginosa)
Anaeroblar4
Miks enfeksiyonlar
(Metisiline dirençli
stafilokoklar hariç)
Nafsilin – floksasilin#
+
Rifampisin1
Devamında Rifampisin1
+
Siprofloksasin <strong>ve</strong>ya
Levofloksasin
Vankomisin <strong>ve</strong>ya
Linezolid2 <strong>ve</strong>ya
Daptomisin2
+
Rifampisin1 2 hafta
Devamında
Rifampisin1
+
Siprofloksasin <strong>ve</strong>ya
Levofloksasin
<strong>ve</strong>ya
Teikoplanin2 <strong>ve</strong>ya
Fusidik asit2 <strong>ve</strong>ya
Trimetoprim-sülfametaksazol
<strong>ve</strong>ya
Minosiklin
Penisilin G <strong>ve</strong>ya
Sefriakson 4 hafta
takibinde
Amoksisilin
Penisilin G <strong>ve</strong>ya
Ampisilin <strong>ve</strong>ya Amoksisilin
+
Aminoglikozid3 2-4 hafta
Devamında
Amoksisilin
6 saate 2 gr.
12 saatte 450 mg
12 saatte 450 mg
12 saate 750 mg
24 saate 750 mg <strong>ve</strong>ya 12
saate 500 mg
12 saatte 1 gr
12 saatte 600 mg
24 saatte 6 mg/kg
12 saatte 450 mg
12 saatte 450 mg
12 saatte 750 mg
24 saatte 750 mg <strong>ve</strong>ya 12
saate 500 mg
24 saatte 400 mg
8 saatte 500 mg
8 Satte 1 Fort tb
12 saatte 100 mg
6 saatte 5 milyon ünite
24 saatte 2 gr
8 saatte 750-1000 mg
6 saatte 5 milyon ünite
4-6 saatte 2 gr
8 saatte 750-1000 mg
süpresif <strong>ve</strong>ya radyasyon olan, diabet, HIV enfeksiyonu, malignitesi
olan bakteriyemi riski yüksek hastalar haricinde proflaksiyi
önermemektedir. Diş çekimi, periodental uygulamalar, implant
uygulamaları <strong>ve</strong> kanal tedavisi gibi durumlarda proflaksi önerilir.
Burada uygulanan proflaksi bakteriyel endokardit proflaksisi
gibidir [49].
Ürolojik girişimler için benzer uygulamalar bulunmaktadır. Birçok
hastada antibiyotik proflaksisi gerekmez. İmmün sistemi
baskılanmış bakteriyemi riski yüksek hastalarda proflaksi gerekebir.
Özellikle litotripsi <strong>ve</strong> barsak segmentinide içeren cerrahi
uygulamalar öncesi proflaksi önerilir [50].
IV
PO <strong>ve</strong>ya IV
PO <strong>ve</strong>ya IV
PO
PO
İV
İV
İV
PO <strong>ve</strong>ya IV
PO <strong>ve</strong>ya IV
PO
PO
IV <strong>ve</strong>ya İM
PO
PO
PO
İV
İV
PO
IV
IV
Siprofloksasin 12 saatte 750 mg PO
Sefepim <strong>ve</strong>ya seftazidim
+
Aminoglikozid3 2 hafta
Devamında
Siprofloksasin
Klindamisin 2-4 hafta
Devamında
Klindamisin
Amoksisilin-klavulanik asid
<strong>ve</strong>ya Ampisilin-sulbaktam
<strong>ve</strong>ya Karbapenem
(İmipenem
<strong>ve</strong>ya Meropenem )
2-4 hafta boyunca
takibinde antimikrobiyal
duyarlılığa göre seçilecek
bir antibiyotik
8 saatte 2 gr
12 saatte 750 mg
6-8 saatte 600 mg
6 saatte 300 mg
8 saatte 2,2 gr
6 saatte 3 gr
6 saatte 500 mg
8 satte 1 gr
*<strong>Tedavi</strong>den önce patojenlerin antibiyotik duyarlılıklarının belirlenmesi gerekmektedir. Antibiyotik dozları
karaciğer <strong>ve</strong> böbrek fonksiyonları normal olan erişkinler için <strong>ve</strong>rilmiştir.
1 Rifampisinin dozu günlük 600-900 mg dır. 10 mg/kg/gün dozunda 2x450 mg <strong>ve</strong>ya 2x300 mg. kullanılır.
2 FDA onayı bulunmamaktadır.
3 Tek doz halinde kullanılabilir.
# Asırı duyarlılık gelişen hastalarda sefazolin (8 saatte 2 gr) <strong>ve</strong>rilebilir. Hemen aşırı duyarlılık gelişen hastalarda
penisilin vankomisinle değiştirilmelidir.
338
| Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine
IV
PO
IV
PO
İV
PO
İV
İV
IV
İV
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