Antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgiska ingrepp - SBU

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Table 4.1.10 continued Author Year Reference Country Study design Population characteristics Intervention Method Number individuals Control Number individuals Results Withdrawal Drop outs Study quality and relevance Comments Louie 1984 [48] Canada RCT Comparison of 2 cephalosporins in high-risk gastric surgery. Computer generated table. Blinded. Microbial sampling. Defined SSI. n=119 Follow-up 6 weeks I1: Cefazolin 2 g iv 30–60 min pre-op and 1 g 6 and 12 h later (n=24) I2: Cefoxitin 2 g iv 30–60 min pre-op and 1 g 6 and 12 h later (n=37) I3: Cefotaxime 2 g iv 30–60 min pre-op and 1 g 6 and 12 h later (n=35) C: No ab (n=29) SSI I1: 3 pts I2: 3 pts I3: 0 pts C: 8 pts Intraabdominal sepsis I1: 3 pts I2: 2 pts I3: 0 pts C: 4 pts 12 pts, other surgery, protocol violation Moderate Cefazolin not different from placebo cefotaxime ab of choice in high-risk gastric surgery Other infections I1: 2 pts I2: 2 pts I3: 1 pt C: 2 pts Total infection I1: 33% I2: 19% I3: 6% C: 48% McArdle 1995 [68] United Kingdom RCT Compare effect of ciprofloxacillin (broad spectrum and penetration) to existing programme. Blinded observer. Defined infection. Five consultants. Elective gastric surgery. n=150 I1: Cefuroxime 1.5 g iv on induction of anesthesia (n=50) I2: Ciprofloxacin 200 mg iv induction of anesthesia (n=49) I3: Ciprofloxacin 750 mg po 1 h before anesthesia (n=50) SSI I1: 7 pts (14%) I2: 6 pts (12%) I3: 4 pts (8%) Chest infection I1: 13 pts (26%) I2: 18 pts (36%) I3: 11 pts (22%) 1 pt (death, unrelated) Moderate Ciprofloxacin po as effective as iv. Opiates reduce absorption Anaerobic flora in stomach of low pathogenic importance The table continues on the next page 126 antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgiska ingrepp KAPITEL 4 • den systematiska litteraturöversikten 127
Table 4.1.10 continued Author Year Reference Country Study design Population characteristics Intervention Method Number individuals Control Number individuals Results Withdrawal Drop outs Study quality and relevance Comments Morris 1984 [51] United Kingdom RCT Comparison of two ab in gastric surgery. Blinded observed. Defined SSI. n=100 I1: Cefuroxime 1.5 g iv at induction of anesthesia (n=51) I2: Mezlocillin 2 g iv after induction of anesthesia (n=49) SSI I1: 1 pt (2.5%) I2: 5 pts (13%) Abscess I1: 1 pt I2: 3 pts 19 pts protocol violation or stomach not opened Moderate Cefuroxime better. Different operations mostly for gastric cancer Total infection I1: 2 pts (4%) I2: 7 pts (18%) Morris 1994 [52] New Zealand RCT Comparison of two cephalosporins in reducing chest and wound infection. Blinded. Wound infections defined. Randomisation with cards. Follow-up 4 weeks I1: Ceftriaxone 1 g iv at induction of anesthesia (n=59) I2: Cefoxitin 1 g iv at induction + 1 g at 8 h interval (total 3 doses) (n=64) Chest infection I1: 11 pts (19%) I2: 27 pts (42%) Wound infection I1: 0 pts (0%) I2: 5 pts (8%) 11 pts – protocol violation Moderate Microbiology without use. Difference statistically significant. Low wound infection in ceftriaxone surprising Nichols 1994 [69] USA RCT High-risk gastric surgery. Efficacy of prophylactic ab. High risk: gastric ulcer, gastric carcinoma, bleeding gastric, duodenal ulcer, obstructing duodenal ulcer. Blinded. SSI defined. n=43 I: Cefamandole 2 g iv before incision + 1 g at 4 and 8 h later (n=19) C: Placebo (n=20) Wound or intraabdominal infection I: 1 pt (5%) C: 7 pts (35%) sign 4 protocol violation Moderate All infections in pts with high pH in stomach Pories 1981 [54] USA RCT Gastric by pass. Cultures. Defined SSI. n=53 I: Cefazolin 1 g iv 2 h before operation, + 0.5 g every 6 h for 48 h (n=27) C: Placebo at same times (n=23) Wound infection I: 12% C: 21.7% 3 pts – unrelated causes Moderate Levels of ab in tissue inadequate for bacteria cultured. Effect of ab most evident in diabetic pts. In placebo group 75% had infections other than wound infection The table continues on the next page 128 antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgiska ingrepp KAPITEL 4 • den systematiska litteraturöversikten 129
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Antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgiska
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Antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgiska
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3. Antibiotikaprofylax - praxis 57
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Har antibiotikaimpregnerade grafter
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Resultat av litteratursökningen oc
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4.11 Sluten inläggning av thoraxdr
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5. Infektionsprofylax utan antibiot
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SBU:s sammanfattning och slutsatser
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Bakgrund och syfte Antibiotika i pr
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arhet. Kvalitetsgranskningen av de
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Det vetenskapliga underlaget saknas
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tagning av livmoder (måttligt star
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Bröstcancerkirurgi • Vid bröstc
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sårinfektion, empyem (varansamling
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• Antibiotikaprofylax vid öppen
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Infektiös endokardit Infektiös en
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• Endovaskulära ingrepp, speciel
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1.2 Avgränsningar Projektet omfatt
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Tabell 1.1 Effektmått förutom pos
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Tabell 1.2 fortsättning Antal bakt
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Proteinbindning Många antibiotika
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Till allmänna faktorer räknas ock
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2. Metodik för systematisk littera
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Figur 2.1 Granskningsprocessen. Fas
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Evidensstyrkan graderades i fyra ni
Page 55 and 56: 3. Antibiotikaprofylax - praxis KAP
Page 57 and 58: 3.1 Praxisundersökning om användn
Page 59 and 60: 100 90 80 70 Procent Ja-svar 60 50
Page 61 and 62: De 37 kliniker som uppgav att de re
Page 63 and 64: Urologi Samtliga 13 kliniker som be
Page 65 and 66: Tabell 3.1.2 Finns skriftliga anvis
Page 67 and 68: 72 antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgis
Page 69 and 70: esistens). STRAMA-gruppen har delat
Page 71 and 72: Tabell 3.2.2 fortsättning Preparat
Page 73 and 74: Tabell 3.2.2 fortsättning Preparat
Page 76 and 77: 4. Den systematiska litteraturöver
Page 78 and 79: 4.1 Antibiotikaprofylax vid gastroi
Page 80 and 81: • Blindtarmsinflammation: Antibio
Page 82 and 83: Frågeställningar • Vilken typ a
Page 84 and 85: Weber och medarbetare publicerade 2
Page 86 and 87: Accidentell perforation under opera
Page 88 and 89: Ventrikelkirurgi (Tabell 4.1.10) Ba
Page 90 and 91: Det finns idag inga RCT av antibiot
Page 92 and 93: Table 4.1.3 Timing. Author Year Ref
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.1.4 continued Author Year R
Page 102 and 103: Table 4.1.6 ERCP. Author Year Refer
Page 104 and 105: Table 4.1.9 Oesophagus. Author Year
Page 108 and 109: Table 4.1.10 continued Author Year
Page 110 and 111: Table 4.1.12 Hernia repair. Author
Page 112 and 113: Table 4.1.12 continued Author Year
Page 114 and 115: Table 4.1.13 Appendectomy. Author Y
Page 116 and 117: Referenser 1. Bai Y, Gao F, Gao J,
Page 118 and 119: laxis during elective upper gastroi
Page 120 and 121: 57. Sanchez-Manuel FJ, Lozano Garci
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Page 124 and 125: • De flesta studier har jämfört
Page 126 and 127: Frågeställningar • Vilken antib
Page 128 and 129: (RR = 0,41; 95 procent KI = 0,23-0,
Page 130 and 131: Diskussion Idag använder 67 procen
Page 132 and 133: Table 4.2.2 Elective colorectal sur
Page 142 and 143: Table 4.2.3 Elective colorectal sur
Page 144 and 145: mycin as antibiotic prophylaxis in
Page 146 and 147: Bakgrund Infektioner hos patienter
Page 148 and 149: Beskrivning av studier och resultat
Page 150 and 151: Table 4.3.2 Vascular surgery. Autho
Page 154 and 155: Table 4.3.3 Low study quality and r
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Referenser 1. Christenson JT, Eklof
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a randomized, prospective trial. So
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Elektivt sectio (generellt) • Ant
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Transcervikala intrauterina ingrepp
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Vid bakteriell vaginos som kan vara
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Beskrivning av studier och resultat
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endometrit (1 procent vs 5 procent)
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[4]. Inga av de förhållandevis f
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frekvens av infektioner efter profy
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Det finns inga data som visar att f
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Sterilisering I en stor studie frå
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Table 4.4.2 Caesarean section, anti
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Table 4.4.3 Caesarean section, comp
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Table 4.4.5 Caesarean section, mult
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Table 4.4.6 continued Author Year R
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Table 4.4.8 Hysterectomy, antibioti
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Table 4.4.10 Hysterectomy, duration
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Table 4.4.12 continued Author Year
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Table 4.4.14 Intrauterine contracep
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15. Sullivan SA, Smith T, Chang E,
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hysterectomy. Clin Infect Dis 1995;
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urethropexy. Journal of Pelvic Medi
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97. Mangioni C, Bianchi L, Bolis PF
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4.5 Antibiotikaprofylax vid ortoped
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inte sällan i kronisk form. Insät
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Inklusionskriterier Enbart prospekt
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och medarbetare från år 1987 [9]
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(från 1998) samtidigt som man helt
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KAPITEL 4 • den systematiska litt
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Thomsen 1990 [44] Denmark RCT, open
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Table 4.5.3 Closed fractures; durat
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Table 4.5.5 Studies comparing diffe
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Table 4.5.7 Prosthesis, different d
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Table 4.5.9 Prosthesis and antibiot
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Table 4.5.11 Low study quality and
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prophylaxis in trochanteric hip fra
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45. Nungu KS, Olerud C, Rehnberg L,
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324 antibiotikaprofylax vid kirurgi
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Det är oklart om antibiotikaprofyl
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Två artiklar med medelhög kvalite
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Övrig plastikkirurgi Två artiklar
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Table 4.6.2 Skin surgery. Author Ye
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Table 4.6.3 Breast surgery. Author
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Table 4.6.4 Abdominoplasty. Author
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Referenser 1. Amland PF, Andenaes K
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I en del situationer görs en omede
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Bröstcancerbehandling har genomgå
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Table 4.7.2 Breast cancer operation
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4.8 Antibiotikaprofylax vid hjärtk
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Det finns flera för hjärtkirurgi
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Bakteriologi/bakteriologisk miljö
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Alternativ till antibiotikaprofylax
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Preparatval (Tabell 4.8.3) Det stor
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av dessa studier för få patienter
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studier av effektivitet och resiste
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Table 4.8.3 Choice of antibiotics.
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Table 4.8.5 Alternatives to intrave
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14. Kadurugamuwa JL, Beveridge TJ.
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infections after cardiac surgery: a
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4.9 Antibiotikaprofylax vid implant
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KAPITEL 4 • den systematiska litt
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4.10 Antibiotikaprofylax vid allmä
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tionstekniken har även ändrats se
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penicillin och ett dygns cefuroxim
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etiologi som uppkomstmekanism. Dett
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Referenser 1. Aznar R, Mateu M, Mir
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Tabell 4.11.1 Antibiotikaprofylax j
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medelhög kvalitet. Fyra av de ing
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av hemothorax har vidare angivits s
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Table 4.11.1 Penetrating injuries o
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Referenser 1. Fallon WF, Jr, Wears
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• Stötvågsbehandling av njurste
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ersatt den öppna kirurgin för van
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Beskrivning av studier och resultat
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är fastställd. I en undersökning
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0 och 5,1 procent hos patienter uta
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Här följer några exempel: Abdomi
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infektion. Det finns i de redovisad
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Table 4.12.3 Cystoscopy. Author Yea
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Table 4.12.4 Transrectal prostatic
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Table 4.12.6 Transurethral resectio
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Table 4.12.8 Extracorporeal Shockwa
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Table 4.12.10 Percutaneous nephroli
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Referenser 1. Berry A, Barratt A. P
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cin and chloramphenicol. Int Braz J
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urine culture and sensitivity are b
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• Det vetenskapliga underlaget f
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Kirurgiska ingrepp inom öron-näsa
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ständiga artiklarna resulterade i
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Cancerkirurgi (Tabell 4.13.5) En RC
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Sinuskirurgi (Tabell 4.13.8) En ran
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Typ av antibiotika och dos varierad
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Table 4.13.3 Tonsillectomy. Author
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Table 4.13.5 Cancer. Author Year Re
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Table 4.13.6 Rhinosurgery. Author Y
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and neck oncologic surgery. Ann Oto
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• Det vetenskapliga underlaget ä
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Frågeställningar • Vid vilka ki
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Anomalikirurgi (Tabell 4.14.3) Anom
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Övriga kirurgiska ingrepp i käkar
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utförde Lockhart och medarbetare (
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Table 4.14.2 Third molar surgery. A
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Table 4.14.3 Orthognatic surgery. A
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Table 4.14.4 Implant surgery. Autho
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Table 4.14.6 Other dentoalveolar su
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Table 4.14.8 Low quality and releva
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Referenser 1. Esposito M, Grusovin
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preoperative single-dose clindamyci
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• Sjukvården får kostnader för
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358 (p
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Table 4.15.1 Antibiotic prophylaxis
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Table 4.15.2 Antibiotic prophylaxis
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5. Infektionsprofylax utan antibiot
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frekvensen postoperativa sårinfekt
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6. Etiska aspekter Infektioner rela
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komplikation roll. Vissa komplikati
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• Hur garanterades bästa möjlig
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Etisk analys med hjälp av aktörsm
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Referens 1. Hermerén G. Kunskapens
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Granskningen av hälsoekonomisk lit
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Distala Duodenum E Coli ”Efficien
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KNS Kolecystektomi Kolecystit Koled
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Preoperativa Protesendokoardit Pseu
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9. Projektgrupp, externa granskare,
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Adjungerade Mats Bergström Läkare
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Principal Investigator för Sepsiss
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Därutöver konsult/rådgivningsarv
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Rapporter publicerade av SBU Gula r
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Självtestning och egenvård vid an
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