Full Document (Khmer) - POLICY Project
Full Document (Khmer) - POLICY Project
Full Document (Khmer) - POLICY Project
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The
matika<br />
GarmÖkfa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> iii<br />
GkSrkat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> iv<br />
esckþIEføgGMNrKuN>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> vi<br />
snÞanuRkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> vii<br />
xøwmsarsegçbRbtibtþi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ix<br />
CMBUk 1 ³ esckþIepþIm nigviFIsa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1<br />
esckþIepþIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3<br />
karerobcMkarsikSaRsavRCav>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6<br />
kareRCIserIsGñkeqøIysMNYr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 7<br />
karerobcMmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg;tamEbbKuNPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8<br />
karBinitüRkmsIlFm’ nigPaBsmat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8<br />
karsmÖasn_ebIkcMh>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9<br />
karviPaKsßiti>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 9<br />
EdnkMNt;énkarsikSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9<br />
CMBUk 2 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 11<br />
lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13<br />
smasPaBRKÜsar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 13<br />
savtarénkarGb;rM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14<br />
suxPaBrbs;GaNaBüa)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15<br />
plb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIRKÜsar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16<br />
rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16<br />
rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmERbRbÜl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17<br />
lT§PaBTTYl)ankarEfTaMsuxPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 22<br />
rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmBak;kNþalERbRbÜl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁménemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25<br />
karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIsEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CmweGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25<br />
karbeBa©jR)ab; nigkarerobcMEpnkarGnaKt>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 27<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
GnþraKmn_nanasMrab;GaNaBüa)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 29<br />
lT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWWeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32<br />
karBiPakSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32<br />
CMBUk 3 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35<br />
lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37<br />
TMnak;TMngrvagkumar¼GaNaBüa)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37<br />
sßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38<br />
GaharUbtßmÖ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38<br />
karGb;rM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 39<br />
karERbRbÜleTAelITMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgRKÜsar nigkargar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 40<br />
karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 42<br />
KuNPaBCIvit>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 42<br />
KuNPaBCIvitEdlraykarN_edaykumar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 43<br />
KuNPaBCIvitEdlraykarN_edayekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 44<br />
GnþraKmn_sMrab;ekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45<br />
karBiPakSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>47<br />
CMBUk 4 ³ karsnñidæanrYm nigGnusasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51<br />
CMhanbnÞab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54<br />
esckþIsnñidæantMrg;TisGnusasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54<br />
karbegáItRkbx½NÐsMrab;skmµPaBeKalneya)ay>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 55<br />
Gnusasn_ edIm,IedaHRsayGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 57<br />
]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 62<br />
]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63<br />
]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>65<br />
]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>66<br />
]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 67<br />
Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>72<br />
ii<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
GarmÖkfa<br />
TnwÞmnwgkarekIneLIgnaeBlbc©úb,nñnUvcMnYnRKÜsar nigkumarEdlrgeRKaHedayemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTs<br />
km
GkSrkat;<br />
ADB<br />
AIDS<br />
AKP<br />
APN+<br />
ARV<br />
AUA<br />
AUSAID<br />
CAS<br />
CBO<br />
CCMH<br />
CDRI<br />
CEDPA<br />
Community REACH<br />
CPN+<br />
DFID<br />
DHS<br />
FHI<br />
GPS<br />
HIV<br />
ICC<br />
JICA<br />
KHANA<br />
MoEYS<br />
MOH<br />
MoP<br />
MoRD<br />
MoSVY<br />
MoWA<br />
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI<br />
CmWeGds_<br />
TIPñak;garsarBt’mankm
NAA<br />
NCHADS<br />
NGO<br />
NIS<br />
OVC<br />
PLHA<br />
PMTCT<br />
PPA<br />
PRSP<br />
PSI<br />
QOL<br />
RACHA<br />
RGC<br />
RTI<br />
SCA<br />
STI<br />
TPO<br />
TVK<br />
UNAIDS<br />
UNDP<br />
UNESCO<br />
UNFPA<br />
UNICEF<br />
UNGASS<br />
URC<br />
USAID<br />
VCCT<br />
WFP<br />
WHO<br />
WVC<br />
GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCmWeGds_<br />
mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgCmWeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK<br />
GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al<br />
viTüasßansßitiCati<br />
kumarkMRBa nigkumarEdlgayrgeRKaH<br />
GñkmanemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
karTb;sáat;karcmøgBImþayeTAkUn<br />
karvaytémøPaBRkIRktamEbbcUlrYm<br />
ÉksarsþIBIyuT§sa®sþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk<br />
GgÁkarGnþrCatibMerIsuxPaBRbCaCn<br />
KuNPaBCIvit<br />
sm
esckþIEføgGMNrKuN<br />
r)aykarN_enH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIgedayGgÁkar <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong> nigRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nigyuvnItism,Ta<br />
(MoSVY) sMrab;TIPñak;garshRbCaCatisMrab;karGPivDÆn_GnþrCati (USAID).<br />
eyIgsUmEføgnUvGMNrKuNcMeBaHsßab½nxageRkam sMrab;karpþl;nUvFnFannanakñúgkarerobcMkarsikSaRsavRCavenH<br />
dUcCa NAA, MOH, UNICEF, NCHADS/MOH, UNDP, UNESCO, KHANA, MOP/NIS, USAID, Wat Opot / GgÁkarédKUsb,úrsFm’<br />
(Partners in Compassion), Care GnþrCati, PSI, Helen Keller Foundation, CAS, CPN+, GgÁkarTsSn³BiPBelak, GgÁkarmitþsMLaj;,<br />
FHI, TPO, FnaKarBiPBelak, FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI, Nyemo, CDRI, Community REACH, CEDPA, RTI nig Futures Group.<br />
eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHGaNaBüa)alkumar nigekµgCMTg;TaMgGs; Edl)anpþl;eBlevlarbs;xøÜnedaycitþ<br />
sm,úrsenAkñúgkarsikSaRsavRCavenH nigEckrMElknUvGarmµN_ nigbTBiesaFn_RbcaMCIvitrbs;xøÜn. eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuN<br />
pgEdr cMeBaHRkúmRbmUlTinñn½ymkBI CAS nig MoSVY RBmTaMg CPN+ enAkñúgTIRkúgPñMeBj GgÁkar KHANA nigsaxarbs;xøÜn<br />
enAkñúgextþ)at;dMbg nigGgÁkarédKUsb,úrsFm’enAkñúgextþtaEkv sMrab;kareFIVTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkcUlrYmkñúgkarsikSaenH.<br />
eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHbuKÁlxageRkam Edl)anpþl;nUvBt’mantbvijd¾mansar³sMxan;enAkñúgkarerobcMnUvBiFIsar<br />
RsavRCav nigmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg; dUcCa Joe Amon, Minki Chatterji, Leanne Dougherty, Nancy Murray nig Cameron Wolf. CagenH<br />
eTAeTot eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;Gñk Edl)anBinitüeLIgvijnUvr)aykarN_enH nigEdl)anpþl;<br />
Bt’mantbd¾mansar³sMxan; dUcCa Jane Bgala, Deborah Bickel, Sok Bunna, Harry Cross, Anne Eckman, Jay Gribble, Gayle Martin, Bill<br />
McGreevey, Candice Sainsbury, Suneeta Sharma, Carol Shepherd, Linda Sussman, Mark White, Bill Windfrey nig Felicity Young.<br />
eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaH Amy Gwilliam sMrab;karEksRmÜlnUvr)aykarN_enH nig Veronica Padberg sMrab;kargar<br />
rcnaRkahVik.<br />
eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaHGgÁkar CARE km
snÞanuRkm<br />
RKÜsarkrNIKMrU ³ CaRKÜsarmYyEdlmanGaNaBüa)alCamnusSeBjv½yy:agticmñak; nigEdlkMBugrs;enACamYyemraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWWeGds_ nigmankUnmYyy:agtic ¬Gayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM¦ nig¼b¤kUnv½yCMTg; ¬Gayucab;BI 13-18 qñaM¦.<br />
RKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob ³ CaRKÜsarEdlrbs;rs;enACitbMputnwgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ¬{GñkCitxagenACitpÞHbMput}¦ EdlmanGaNaBüa)al<br />
CamnusSeBjv½y nigmankUnmYyy:agtic ¬Gayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM¦ nig¼b¤kUnv½yCMTg; ¬Gayucab;BI 13-18 qñaM¦.<br />
karerIseGIg ³ Gakb,kiriyaEbgEckPaBxusKñaeTAelImnusSEdlRtÚveKRbRBwtþcMeBaHxøÜny:agGyutþiFm’ b¤minRtwmRtÚv edayEp¥k<br />
elImUldæanénPaBCasmaCikrbs;xøÜn b¤RtÚv)aneKyl;faCasmaCikrbs;RkúmCak;lak;NamYy.<br />
GaNaBüa)al ³ CamnusSeBjv½yenAkñúgRKÜsar - GñkEdlGac b¤minGacCa«Buk b¤mþaybegáIt - Edlpþl;karEfTaMbzmdl;<br />
kumar nigCajwkjab;dl;smaCikRKÜsardéTepSgeTot.<br />
RKÜsar ³ niymn½yRKÜsarsMrab;karsikSaenH RtÚv)andkRsg;ecjBIr)aykarN_ DHS km
ExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk ³ cMnYnénR)ak;cMNUlkñúgry³eBlCak;lak;mYy ¬qñaM Ex b¤éf¦RbsinebIKµancMNUlTaMgenHeT buKÁlmñak;<br />
¬b¤RKÜsar¦ RtÚv)ancat;Tukfa {RkIRk}. cMnYnenH RtÚv)ankMNt;edayTMnij nigesvaEdlRtÚvkarCa {Gb,brma}sMrab;karrs;ran<br />
manCIvit edayEp¥keTAelItémøsac;R)ak;kñúgkareRbIR)as;famBlcMnYn 2>100 kaLÚrI nigRbUetGuIn 58 RkamkñúgmYyéf nigpþl;<br />
nUvsMPar³CamUldæan dUcCasMelokbMBak; nigkEnøgsñak;enA ¬FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuIqñaM 2001¦.<br />
KuNPaBCIvit ³ eKalKMnitrbs;mnusSmñak;²cMeBaHCMhrrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgCIvit kñúgbribTRbB½n§vb,Fm’EdleKrs;enA nigKuNtémø<br />
énvb,Fm’enaH RBmTaMgTak;TineTAnwgTisedA karrMBwgTuk bTdæan nigkarRBÜy)armÖrbs;eK ¬Rkúm WHOQOL qñaM1994¦.<br />
karmak;gay ³ dMeNIrkarsgÁm b¤bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnEdlBak;B½n§ Edlbgðajtamry³karpat;ecj karbdiesF karsþIbenÞas<br />
b¤karbnÞabtémø EdlbNþalmkBIkarvinicä½yd¾GaRkk;rbs;sgÁmeTAelIbuKÁlmñak; b¤RkúmNamYy. eKGacCYbRbTHnUvkar<br />
mak;gayenHtamBIrrebobepSg²Kña ³ {karmak;gayxagpøÚvGarmµN_} ¬karmak;gayxagkñúg¦ sMedAdl;PaBGamasEdlBak;B½n§<br />
eTAnwgCmW nigkarP½yxøacGMBIkarerIseGIgmkelIxøÜn ehIyrebobmYyepSgeTot KW {karmak;gayGakar³} ¬karmak;gay<br />
xageRkA¦ sMedAdl;karCYbRbTHnUvkarerIseGIg.<br />
vtþGaram ³ viharBuT§sasna ehIyCajwkjab;skmµPaBsMxan;²nanaenAkñúgshKmn_ RtÚv)anerobcMeLIgedayRBHsgÇ.<br />
viii<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
xøwmsarsegçbRbtibtþi<br />
RbeTskm100 nak; enAkñúgRbeTskm000 nak; )anqøgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. kñúgkareqøIytbeTAnwgkarrIkraldal<br />
enH m©as;CMnYy GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay nigGñkerobcMkmµviFI manBt’manCak;lak;enAkñúgRbeTssþÜcesþIgbMput Bak;B½n§eTA<br />
plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigRbsiT§iPaBénGnþraKmn_ EdlraraMgdl;smtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkareFIVesckþIsMerc<br />
GMBIkarEbgEckFnFan nigkarerobcMkmµviFI. edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkgVHTinñn½yenH raCrdæaPi)alkm mancMnYn®sþIemm:ayy:ageRcInenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob¦.<br />
GaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob manlkçN³RsedogKñaTak;TineTAnwgkMritGb;rM cMnYnkUnenAkñúgRKÜsar<br />
niglkçN³RKÜsar ¬dUcCa RbPBTwk RbePTRbB½n§Gnam½y RbPB FnFancMGinmðÚb niglT§PaBTTYlGKÁisnI¦. PaBBitEdlfa<br />
RkúmTaMgenHmanlkçN³RsedogKñaenAelIsYcnakr efr bgðajfa RkúmTaMgenHFøab;mansßanPaBesdækic© sgÁmdUcKña.<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
eTaHbICamanPaBRsedogKñaenAelIsYcnakrEdlbgðajBIPaBminERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlmYy ¬efr¦ k¾eday k¾Tinñn½yenH<br />
)anbgðajBIPaBxusKñarvagRkúmRKÜsarcMnYnBIrenAelIsYcnakrpgEdr Edlfa TMngCanwgmankarERbRbÜly:agqab;rh½skñúg<br />
ry³eBlmYy ¬Bak;kNþalERbRbÜl nigERbRbÜl¦ EdleqøIytbeTAnwgkarb:HTgÁicpøÚvcitþeTAelIRKÜsar. RKÜsarkrNIKMrU<br />
mancMNUlTabCag karcMNayminEmnsuxPaBticCagcMNayelIsuxPaB nigmanRTBüsm,tþiRKÜsarticCagRkúmRKÜsar<br />
EdlminmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. Tinñn½yenHrYmbBa©Úl KñabgðajfaRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bc©úb,nñenH<br />
manPaBRkIRkCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob nigfa RkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobtMNag[RkúmkrNIKMrU krNIminmanemeraKeGds_¼<br />
CmWeGds_. kareFIVetsþbEnßmeTot )anbBaöak;fa karpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWCaktþamYyd¾sMxan;kñúgkarrYmcMENkdl;kar)at;bg;<br />
R)ak;cMNUlRKÜsar. manPsþútagbBaöak; pgEdrfakñúgkaredaHRsaynwgdMeNIrrbs;xøÜn GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_TMng Cakat;bnßykarcMNayminEmnsuxPaB x©IR)ak;eK niglk;RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn edIm,Ibg;éføcMNayEdlTak;Tg<br />
eTAnwgsuxPaBrbs;eK nigkñúgkarbgðajBIkarekIneLIgnUvbnÞúk nig»kascMNayeTAelIkUnCakumar nigCaekµgCMTg;<br />
Edlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_.<br />
karsikSabBaöak;GHGagfa karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg CH\T§iBly:agxøaMgeTAelIbuKÁlEdlrs;enACamYyGñk<br />
EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTskm
lT§pld¾TUlMTUlay nigTMhMKMrUd¾FMénkarsikSaenH pþl;nUvrUbPaBkan;Etc,as;GMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
b:HBal;dl;smaCikRKÜsarenAkñúgRbeTskm
c©úb,nñ. cugbBa©b; Gnusasn_Cak;lak;bEnßmeTot elIkeLIgGMBIvis½yGaTiPaBcMnYn 5 kñúgkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumar<br />
EdlgayrgeRKaH eBal KWkarCYysMralEpñkesdækic©cMeBaHkarcMNayeTAelIkarBüa)al karKaMRTes,ógGahar karGb;rM<br />
EpnkarerobcMGnaKt nigkarKaMRTxagcitþsgÁm.<br />
CMhandMbUgEdlRtÚv)aneFIVeLIgCalT§plénr)aykarN_enH KWkarbegáItnUvRkúmbEg¥k OVC mYy eRkayBIkarpSBVpSay<br />
CabzmGMBIkarvaytémøeTAelIplb:HBal;enH. eTaHbIy:agenHkþI edIm,IeGayRkúmenHGacCH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkarbegáIt<br />
eKalneya)ayrbs;km kMNt;vaküs½BÞ {kumarkMRBa} nig {PaBgayrgeRKaH} nigkMNt;nUvkumar nigekµgCMTg;EdlgayrgeRKaHbMput.<br />
2> BRgIkbEnßmnUvRkúmbEg¥k OVC bc©úb,nñ nigbegáItGaNtþimYy edIm,IeFIVeGaymankarGPivDÆn_nUveKalneya)ay<br />
nigkarpøas;bþÚrc,ab;.<br />
3> BinitüeLIgvijnUveKalneya)ay nigc,ab;EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarEfTaM nigKaMRTsMrab;kumarkMRBa nigkumargay<br />
rgeRKaH.<br />
4> erobcMeKalneya)ayCati OVC nigEpnkarskmµPaBCatiCayuT§sa®sþ.<br />
5> Fanafa lT§plEdlmkBIkarsikSaRsavRCavenH nigkarvaytémøplb:HBal;déTeTot CH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkar<br />
Epnkar nigkareFIVesckþIsMerckñúgkarEbgEckFnFan.<br />
6> sMrbsMrYlrebobGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputrbs;GgÁkar NGOs kñúgkarpþl;karKaMRTdl;RKÜsarEdlmankUngayrgeRKaH.<br />
7> TTYlmUlniFisMrab;RkúmbEg¥k OVC.<br />
Gnusasn_TIBIr maneKalbMNgepþatelIkarEklMG nigkarsMrbsMrYlkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;GgÁkarnana EdlkMBugbnþ<br />
pþl;esvadl;kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaHenAkñúgRbeTskm BRgwglT§PaBTTYl)ankarEfTaMsuxPaB edIm,Ikat;bnßyplb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©sgÁm<br />
2> BRgwgkarpþl;CMnYyes,ógGaharsMrab;kumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput<br />
3> BRgwglT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM<br />
4> BRgwgkarerobcMEpnkarGnaKt<br />
5> eqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtÚvkarxagcitþsgÁmrbs;kumar.<br />
CMBUk 4 erobrab;lMGitBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarpþl;Gnusasn_TaMgenH.<br />
xii<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
CMBUk 1 ³ esckþIepþIm<br />
nigviFIsa®sþ
esckþIepþIm nigviFIsa®sþ<br />
esckIþepIþm<br />
karrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ kMBugeFIVkarKMramkMEhgy:agxøaMgdl;GayuCIvitrbs;RKÜsarCaeRcInenATUTaMg<br />
BiPBelak ehIyCalT§pl kumar nigekµgCMTg;rab;lannak;)ankøayCakumarkMRBa b¤gayrgeRKaHénCmWWenH.<br />
enAkñúgTVIbGasuI RbeTskm100 nak; EdlmancMnYnRbmaN 2/6° énRbCaCnEdlmanGayucenøaHBI 15 eTA 49 qñaM ¬GgÁkar<br />
UNAIDS qñaM 2003¦ enAkñúgRbeTskm
CmWeGds_ Gacmanplb:HBal;CaGviCömanCaeRcIneTAelIGakb,kiriyaEsVgrkkarBinitüemIlemeraKeGds_ qnÞ³beBa©j<br />
R)ab;GMBIsßanPaBCmWeGds_ Gakb,kiriyaEsVgrkkarEfTaMsuxPaB KuNPaBénkarEfTaMsuxPaB nigkarTTYl)annUvkarKaMRT<br />
xagsgÁm (Gilborn et al., 2001). Cajwkjab; kumarkøayCaCnrgeRKaHénkarGamas nigkarerIseGIg enAeBlEdleKdwgfa<br />
GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeKkMBugrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ EdlkarN_enH GacraraMgdl;karsikSaCaGcié®nþy_rbs;<br />
kumar b¤dl;karcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaBkMsanþepSg² (<strong>Khmer</strong> HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000).<br />
GaTiPaBmYykñúgcMeNamGaTiPaBTaMgbYnkñúgkarelIkkMBs;siT§i nigsuxumalPaBrbs;kumarrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm
TaMgenH. edayEp¥kelIPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;RKÜsar RKÜsarxøHsißtkñúgsßanPaBdundabCagRKÜsardéTeTot kñúgkaredaHRsay<br />
plb:HBal;EdlbegáIteLIgedayemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ (Cohen, 1998) ehIykareqøIytbNamYynwgqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIesckþI<br />
RtÚvkarepSg²TaMgenH.<br />
EpnkarCayuT§sa®sþrbs;GgÁkar USAID enAkñúgRbeTskm
karerobcMkarsikSa<br />
The <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong> )anerobcMkarsikSaenHeLIg edayshkarCamYynwgsmaCiksgÁmsuIvil raCrdæaPi)alkm
karsikSaenH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,Ipþl;Cakarvaytémøplb:HBal;eKal EdlGacmanskþanuBltamdanbnþ<br />
mUlniFibEnßm. GgÁkar The <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong> nig MoSVY GactamdankumarTaMgenH RKb;dMNak;kalepSg²Kña<br />
nUvCmWWrbs;GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeK edIm,IkMNt;BIrebobEdlesckþIRtÚvkar nigynþkaredaHRsayERbRbÜlenAkñúg<br />
ry³eBlmYy.<br />
karsikSaenH )anvas;EvgnUvKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg; - sYcnakr EdlGacbgðajfamanGtßRbeyaCn_<br />
kñúgkarvaytémøplb:HBal;énGnþraKmn_EdlRtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IQaneGaydl;RkúmeKaledAenH.<br />
RkúmRsavRCav)aneFIVkarsmÖas_ebIkcMh nig)aneRbIR)as;Bt’mantamEbbKuNPaBenH edIm,IbMeBajbEnßmnUv<br />
Tinñn½ytamEbbKuNPaB. TMrg;karenH)anCYysMrl;karEsVgyl;nUvbTBiesaFn_rbs;RKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWeGds_.<br />
karsikSaenH)anCYydl;m©as;CMnYy GñkeFIVeKalneya)aykñúgkarkMNt;nUvGnþraKmn_ EdlmanRsab;naeBlbc©úb,nñ<br />
enH GtßRbeyaCn_énGnþraKmn_cMeBaHRKÜsar nignUvesckþIRtÚvkarepSgeTot rbs;RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼<br />
CmWWeGds_. Bt’manenHnwgCYydl;GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay m©as;CMnYy nigGñkRKb;RKgkmµviFIkñúgkarkMNt;GaTiPaB<br />
kareqøIytbkñúgkarkat;bnßyrbs;BYkeK sMrab;GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTskm
sMrab;RKÜsarkrNIKMrUnImYy² Edl)ancuHeTAdl;RKÜsareRbóbeFobmYy RtÚv)aneRCIserIsenAeBleFIVkarsmÖasn_<br />
ehIykarsmÖasn_tamkar {pÁÚrpÁg} énRKÜsarTaMgBIr RtÚv)aneFIVeLIgkñúgeBldMNalKñaenaHEdr. enAkñúgRKÜsarnImYy²<br />
GaNaBüa)al nigkumarmñak; nig¼b¤ekµgCMTg;mñak; RtÚv)ansmÖasn_. edIm,IeFIVkareRCIserIskumarmñak; b¤ekµgCMTg;mñak; mkeFIVkar<br />
smÖasn_eQµaHrbs;BYkeKnImYy² RtÚv)anTTYl nigeRCIserIsRBav²ecjBIRKÜsarnImYy². kic©xitxMRbwgERbgCaeRcIn<br />
RtÚv)aneFIVeLIg kñúgeKalbMNgrkSanUvPaBsmat;énBt’manrbs;mnusSeBjv½yEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUecñHsMNYrnanaEdl<br />
Tak;TineTAnwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ minRtÚv)ansYreTAGñkepSg eRkAEteTAelImnusSeBjv½yEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_<br />
enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrUb:ueNÑaH ¬sMNYrTaMgenH RtÚv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgEpñkedayELkénkarvas;sÞg;enH EdlRtÚv)anpþl;CUn<br />
dl;GaNaBüa)alenAkñúgkrNIKMrU¦. enAcugbBa©b;énkarsmÖasn_nImYy² RKÜsarEdl)ancUlrYmRtÚv)anpþl;CUnnUvkar]btßmÖ<br />
CaGahar nigsMPar³pÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRKÜsar edIm,ICakarsMEdgnUvGMNrKuNsMrab;eBlevlarbs;xøÜncUlrYmenAkñúgkarsikSaenH.<br />
karerobcMmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg;tamEbbKuNPaB<br />
Tinñn½ynanaRtÚv)anRbmUl edayeRbIkarvas;sÞg;tTl;EdleFIVeLIgedayGñkeFIVsmÖasn_ nigRtÚv)anerobcMeLIgeday<br />
eRbInUvsMNYrmunkareFIVetsþCaeRcIn EdlRtÚv)ancgRkgeday FHI, HORIZONS nig Community REACH. karsÞg;mtienH<br />
RtÚv)ancgRkgeLIgCaPasaGg;eKøs EdlRtÚv)anbkERbeTACaPasaExµr nigbkeTACaPasaGg;eKøsvij RBmTaMgRtÚv)an<br />
BiPakSa nigBinitüeLIgvijedayRkúmRsavRCav nigkareFIVetsþsakl,g. ral;karENnaM nigkarBnül;bkRsayénsMNYr<br />
TaMgGs; RtÚv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgkUnesovePAENnaMrbs;GñkeFIVsmÖasn_. karvas;sÞg;mnusSeBjv½y rYmbBa©ÚlnUvBt’man<br />
dUcteTA ³ sßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm ¬EdlrYmmanR)ak;cMNUl cMNay sßanPaBkargar nigkmµsiT§ikan;kab;RTBüsm,tþiRKÜsar¦<br />
ynþkaredaHRsaykarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgEdl)anqøgkat; niglT§PaBTTYl)an nigesckþIRtÚvkarGnþraKmn_.<br />
karsÞg;mtiekµgCMTg; nigkumar rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarcuHeQµaHcUleron sßanPaBkargar TMnYlxusRtÚvRKÜsar GaharUbtßmÖ<br />
sßanPaBsuxPaB nigKuNPaBCIvit ¬EdlrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgKMrUénsuxumalPaBpøÚvkay nigpøÚvcitþ kareKarBxøÜnÉg RKÜsar<br />
TMnak;TMngsgÁm sala nigsuxPaB¦. KMrUbEnßmmYyeTotsMrab;ekµgCMTg; rYmbBa©ÚlnUvlT§PaBTTYl)an nigesckþIRtÚvkar<br />
bc©úb,nñnUvkarKaMRT nigesvanana. ¬sUmemIl]bsm½
GaNaBüa)al ekµgCMTg; nigkumar. GñkRbmUlTinñn½ymanbTBiesaFn_CaeRcInkñúgkareFIVsmÖasn_RKÜsarnana enAkñúgRbeTs<br />
km
kareRCIserIsRkúm PLHAs edayGgÁkar NGOs k¾mann½yfa karsikSaenH)aneRCIserIsKMrURKÜsar EdlmansmaCikpÞúk<br />
emeraKeGds_enArs;mancMnYnx
CMBUk 2 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar
plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼<br />
CmWeGds_eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar<br />
lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm<br />
smasPaBRKÜsar<br />
dU<br />
c)anbgðajkñúgtarag 1 GñkeqøIysMNYrPaKeRcInEdl)ancUlrYmenAkñúgkarsikSaenH KWCa®sþI. PaBCaemm:ayeBaHm:aymankMritx
tarag 1 ³ savtarRbCasa®sþsgÁménGñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y nigRKÜsar rvagkrNIKMrU nigkrNIeRbóbeFob<br />
krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan;<br />
ePTrbs;GñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y ®sþI 77°¼burs 23° ®sþI 81°¼burs 19° P=.131<br />
erobkar 33° erobkar 79/6°<br />
sßanPaBGaBah_BiBah_rbs;<br />
GñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y<br />
59/6°<br />
¬emm:ay-55/6° +<br />
eBaHm:ay 4°¦<br />
14/4°<br />
¬emm:ay 14° +<br />
eBaHm:ay 0/4°¦<br />
enAlIv¼ElglH¼<br />
enAEbkKña 7>4°<br />
enAlIv¼ElglH¼<br />
enAEbkKña 6°<br />
P
v ieyaKkmµ ¬kardak;edayELkBIKña¦ nUvTinñn½ytamePT)anbgðajfa karsikSarbs;®sþImankMritTabCagburs<br />
KYreGaykt;sMKal;TaMgenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU (P
plb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eTAelIRKÜsar<br />
bBaðaRbQmmYykñúgcMeNambBaðaRbQmFMbMputCaeRcInénkarsikSaEpñksgÁmesdækic© EdleFVIkarvas;EvgelIpl<br />
b:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ KWkarEbgEckrvagehtu nigbc©½y. edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmxagelIkarsikSaenH<br />
)anEbgEcklkçN³esdækic©sgÁmRKÜsareTACa 3 RkúmcMbg² ³ efr ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl. karEbgEckCaRkúmenH<br />
pþl;nUvRkbx½NÐeBlmYykñúgkarbkRsaynUvkarERbRbÜlnana eTAelIsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRkúmTaMgBIr<br />
manlkçN³savtarRsedogKña EdlminTMngCaERbRbÜl ¬efr¦ b:uEnþmanPaBxusKñaelIsYcnakr EdlERbRbÜly:agqab;rh½s<br />
¬ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl¦ enaHvaTMngfa RkúmTaMgBIFøab;mansßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmdYUcKña ehIykarN_enHeFVIeGay<br />
BYkeKkan;EtRkIRkeTA². RbePTTaMgenH RtÚv)anBiBN’nadUcxageRkam ³<br />
rgVas;efrénsßanPaBsgÁmesdækic© rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgrgVas;nana EdleKrMBwgfa enAefrdEdlsMrab;ry³eBlEvg<br />
nigedIrtYnaTICasYcnakrénkMritCIvPaBd¾TUlMTUlay. lkçN³TaMgenH rYmmankMritvb,F’mrbs;GaNaBüa)al<br />
niglkçN³lMenAdæan dUcCa kMralGidæ nigdMbUl RbePTGnam½y nigRbPBTwk (Deaton nig Paxson, 1997).<br />
rgVas;TaMgenH RtÚv)aneRbIedIm,IbgðajBIsßanPaBsgÁmesdækic©enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtienAkñúgRbeTskm karekIneLIgnUvkarcMNayelIkarEfTaMsuxPaB¦. sYcnakresdækic©sgÁmRbePTenH k¾rYmbBa©Úl<br />
TaMgrgVas;RbeyalénsßanPaBkargar nigplitPaBkargarpgEdr ¬cMnYnem:ag nigéfeFIVkar¦.<br />
eKrMBwgfa lkçN³ERbRbÜlCakarERbRbÜldMbUgeK enAeBlEdlRKÜsarcab;epþImpÞúkemeraKeGds_. xN³eBlEdlpl<br />
b:HBal;kan;EtmanPaBFn;FrenaH RKÜsarnanaGaccab;epþImlk;RTBüsm,tþiEdlGachinehacy:aggay ¬Bak;kNþal<br />
ERbRbÜl¦. b:uEnþktþaERbRbÜlefr dUcCasMNg;lMenAdæan nigsavtarGb;rM KWminTMngCaERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlxøIenaHeT.<br />
rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefr<br />
dUc)ankt;sMKal;xagelIGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob minmanPaBxusEbøkKñaKYreGaykt;sMKal;<br />
enaHeT eTAelIsavtarGb;rM. enAeBlBinitüemIlrgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefrdéTeTot eyIgeXIjfa lkçN³RKÜsarrbs;RkúmTaMgBIr<br />
enH BuMmanPaBxusEbøkBIKñaenaHeT dUcCaRbPBTwkpwkenAkñúgrdUvR)aMg b¤vsSa b¤RbePTRbB½n§Gnam½y. RkúmTaMgBIrk¾min)an<br />
bgðajBIPaBxusEbøkKñaénlkçN³RKÜsar dUcCa GKÁisnI RbePT kMral RbePTdMbUl b¤RbePTFnFancMGinGahar.<br />
16 plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
edaysarsYcnakrTaMgenH minTMngCaERbRbÜlenAkñúgry³eBlCak;lak;mYy PaBRsedogKñarvagRkúmkrNIKMrU nig<br />
eRbóbeFobbgðajfa RkúmTaMgBIrenHmanRbPBsavtaresdækic©sgÁmdUcKña. edaysarrgVas;efr RtÚv)aneRbóbeFobrvag<br />
RkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob enaHvaminTMngfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mansßanPaBRkIRkCagGñkEk,rxag<br />
rbs;eKeLIy muneBlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. dUecñHRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobedIrtYnaTICaGñktMNagd¾smRsbeGay<br />
lkçN³énRkúmkrNIKMrUkrNIKµanemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_.<br />
rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmERbRbÜl<br />
GaNaBüa)alRtÚv)ansYrGMBIR)ak;cMNUlRKÜsarRbcaMExrbs;xøÜn karERbRbÜlR)ak;cMNUl nigkar)at;bg;R)ak;cMNUl<br />
edaysarCmW b¤mrNPaB. dUc)anbgðajkñúgdüaRkam 2 Rsab; R)ak;cMNUlRKÜsarRbcaMExbc©úb,nñ ¬kñúgmnusSmñak;²¦<br />
rbs;RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWTabCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob 42° (P
karTTYlsÁal;faRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ rkR)ak;cMNUl)anticCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;BYkeK KWBitCa<br />
mansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúg b:uEnþcMNUlCamFümrbs;RkúmTaMgBIrenH mankMritTabCagExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRkCatienAkñúgRbeTs<br />
km000 )anbgðajfacMNUlmankarERbRbÜl<br />
CaGviCöman TnÞwmKñanwgvtþmanénkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;GñkEfTaM. R)ak;cMNUlk¾mankarERbRbÜlCaGviCömanpgEdr<br />
énkarrs;enATICnbT nigkarGb;rMTab nigmankarERbRbÜlCaviCömaneTAelITMhMRKÜsar. kMrit¼TMhMEdlktþaTaMgenH CH\T§iBl<br />
mkelIR)ak;cMNUl RtÚv)anBnül;dUcxageRkamCasmIkarfycuHCak;Esþg ³<br />
I = $57.73 + $8.716 (X1) - $32.31(X2) - $40.68 (X3) - $18.38 (X4)<br />
I = cMNUlRKÜsar, X1 = TMhMRKÜsar, X2 = pÞúkemeraKeGds_ - sßanPaB, X3 = TItaMgCnbT, X4 = karGb;rMTab<br />
tarag 2 ³ GBaØatþiKNnacMNUlRKÜsar<br />
GaBaØtþiKNna B Sig.<br />
¬efr¦ 57.733 .000<br />
X1 TMhMRKÜsar 8.716 .000<br />
X2 pÞúkemeraKeGds_ -32.311 .000<br />
X3 TItaMgCnbT -40.684 .000<br />
X4<br />
karGb;rMTab<br />
¬kMritbzm b¤TabCag¦<br />
GefrERbRbÜl ³ cMNUlRKÜsarKitCaduløarGaemrik R-square = .248<br />
B = GanuPaBénplb:HBal;eTAelIcMNUl dUc)anKNnatamkarfycuH<br />
-18.377 .000<br />
edIm,Iyl;kan;EtRbesIrnUvrebobEdlcMNUlRKÜsarrbs;GñkeqøIysMNYrERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlmYy sMNYrCaeRcInRtÚv)an<br />
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(P
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RKÜsarmñak; RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_ )anraykarN_fa )an)at;bg;cMNUlCamFümcMnYn 10/05 duløarGaemrik<br />
kñúgmYyEx. kar)at;bg;enH KWmankMritx
karb:HTgÁicpøÚvcitþmkelIRKÜsarGMBICmWEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_ b¤mrNPaB )aneFIV[cMNUlskþanuBlrbs;<br />
samaCikRKÜsarEdlenArs;mankarfycuHy:agxøaMg. vaTMngfacMNUlenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_nwgbnþfy<br />
cuHeTot CaBiesskñúgcMeNamGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlminmanlT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWWeGds_.<br />
düaRkam 5 bgðajTaMgR)ak;cMNUl nigcMNayrbs;RKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob nigbgðajfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_manR)ak;cMNUlticCag b:uEnþkarcMNaymanGRtaRbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgGñkEk,rxagrbs;eKEdr. ¬KµanPaBxusEbøkKña<br />
KYreGaykt;sMKal;rvagRkúmTaMgBIrenHeT cMeBaHkarcMNay¦.<br />
düaRkam 6 bgðajBIsmasPaBrcMNayrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH. eTaHbICamanPaBRsedogcMeBaHkarcMNayTUeTAk¾eday<br />
k¾vabgðajy:agc,as;fa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankarcMNayeRcInCagy:agxøaMgeTAelIsuxPaB<br />
nigtictYcbMputeTAelIkarcMNaynanaEdlminEmnsuxPaB ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgGñkEk,rxagenAkñúgRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFob<br />
(P
dUecñHvaTMngfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GacRtÚv)anbgçMeGayrs;enAhYsBImeFüa)ayesdækic©rbs;xøÜn edayEtkar<br />
cMNayd¾Fn;Fr dUcCakarEfTaMsuxPaB nigBiFIbuNüsB. karN_)anelIkCasMNYrmYy GMBIrebobEdlRKÜsarEdlpÞúk<br />
emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eqøIytbeTAnwgkarcMNayTaMgenH. GRtasnSMR)ak; RtÚv)anraykarN_fa mankMrittictYcbMputenAkñúg<br />
RkúmTaMgBIr b:uEnþvaTMngfaRKÜsarCaeRcInenAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIrenHkMBugcat;viFankarbMeBjbEnßmnUvcMNUl dUcEdlRKÜsarCaeRcIn<br />
)anraykarN_GMBIkarkat;bnßy nigkMNt;nUvkMritcMNay edIm,IykeTAbg;éføcMNayEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgCmWrbs;xøÜn<br />
¬sUmemIltarag 3¦. b:uEnþRkúmkrNIKMrUTMngCax©IR)ak;eK nigkMNt;kMritcMNay eRcInCagRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFob. ]TahrN_<br />
23° énRkúmkrNIKMrU)anraykarN_fa BYkeK)ankat;bnßykarcMNayeTAelIkarEfTaMsuxPaBrbs;smaCikRKÜsardéTeTot<br />
edIm,Ibg;éføBüa)alsuxPaBrbs;xøÜn ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 8°énRkúmkrNIKMrU.<br />
tarag 3 ³ yuT§sa®sþedaHRsaykñúgkarbg;éføBüa)alCmW nigbMeBjcMNUlbEnßm<br />
cMnYnRKÜsarEdlman ³ krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan;<br />
TijGaharticCagmun edIm,Ibg;éføBüa)al 69° 53° P
GRtad¾x
tarag 4 ³ PaKryRkúmEdlmanRTBüsm,tþiRKÜsarCakmµsiT§i rvagRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob<br />
krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan;<br />
TUrdak;exaGav 28/2° 44/8° P
tarag 5 ³ PaKryénGñkpþl;smÖasn_Edl)anlk;RTBüsm,tþiedIm,IykeTAbMeBjcMNUl<br />
krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan;<br />
)anlk;RTBüsm,tþiedIm,Ibg;éføEfTaMsuxPaB 66/6° 32/2° P
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁménemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eRkABIsYrsMNYrGMBIsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm GñkeFIVsmÖasn_)ansaksYrBIkaryl;eXIjrbs;eKelIkarmak;gay nigkar<br />
erIseGIg. 93° énGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_)anniyayfa BYkeKmankarRBÜy)armÖy:agxøaMgGMBIkar<br />
erIseGIgrbs;mnusSmkelIrUbxøÜn enAeBlBYkeK)andwgBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜnPøam. 79° énGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWeGds_)anyl;RsbkñúgkMritmYycMnYneTAelIesckþIEføgEdlfa {GñkR)akdCaTTYlnUvkarQWcab;cMeBaHRbtikmµrbs;<br />
mnusS enAeBleKdwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk}. ¬49/4° )anniyayfa BYkeKyl;RsbTaMgRsug ehIy 29/4 )anniyayfa<br />
BYkeKyl;RsbenAkMritmYycMnYn¦.<br />
eK)anraykarN_fa eRkayBI)andwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeKPøam BYkeKCajwkjab;manKMnit nigbMNgsMlab;xøÜn<br />
nigmanGarmµN_P½yxøacGMBIGIVEdlnwgekIteLIgcMeBaHkUnrbs;eK GnaKtrbs;BYkeK kUnEdlqøgCmW nigGMBIkarfycuHnUv<br />
sßanPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs;BYkeK. bTsmÖasn_k¾)anbgðajfaGarmµN_TaMgenH )anRsakRsanbnþic edaysarBYkeK)anTTYl<br />
karKaMRTBIRKÜsarnana nigGgÁkar NGOs. lT§plTaMgenH)anbgðajBIsar³sMxan;kñúgkarpþl;CMnYyKaMRTdl;buKÁl RKÜsar<br />
nigshKmn_EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. xageRkamenH KWCakardkRsg;sMdIrbs;®sþImñak; Edlerobrab;GMBIGarmµN_rbs;<br />
xøÜn enAKat;)andwgCaelIkdMbUgGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜn.<br />
´mankarRBÜy)armÖy:agxøaMgGMBIkarrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_. ´júaMmin)an eKgBuMlk; ehIy´min<br />
GaceFIVGIV)anTaMgGs; eRkAEtBIyMehIyyMeTot edaykþIGs;sgÇwm. xYrk,al;rbs;´ KWv ilvl;Gs;ehIy<br />
KitGIVmineXIjeTenAeBlenaH. mþayrbs;´ nigbgb¥Únrbs;´ k¾xøacrGacMeBaHemeraKeGds_Edr<br />
b:uEnþBYkeKenAEtmkemIl nigelIkTwkcitþdl;´eGayxitxMRbwgrs;teTAeTot dUcEdl´)aneFIVcMeBaHGñk<br />
Ek,rxagrbs;´Edr CaBiess enAeBlNaEdl´QW. Gakb,kiriyad¾l¥TaMgenH eFIVeGay´mansgÇwm<br />
eLIgvij.<br />
®sþIemm:ayEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
sMNYrCak;lak;bEnßmeTot RtÚv)ansYrGMBIRbPBénkarerIseGIg dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkam 7. 18° )anniyayfa<br />
BYkeKRtÚv)aneKerIseGIgenAkñúgkMritmYycMnYn edaysmaCikRKÜsarrbs;xøÜn 39° )anniyayfa enAkMritmYycMnYn BYkeKRtÚv<br />
)anemIlgay nigminrab;rkBIsMNak;mitþPkþirbs;xøÜn ehIy 50° )anniyayfa enAkMritmYycMnYn BYkeKRtÚv)anemIlgay<br />
nigminrab;rkBIGñkEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn. karsmÖasn_ebIkcMhk¾)anbgðajBIPaBemIlgay nigkarminrab;rkBIsMNak;GñkEk,rxag<br />
eRcInCagRKÜsarCitsñiT§rbs;xøÜn fVIebIkarerIseGIgBIsmaCikRKÜsar RtÚv)ancat;TukfaCabBaðamYy CaBiesscMeBaH®sþIk¾eday.<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
smamaRtrbs;®sþIEdl)anraykarN_GMBIkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg mankMritx
cab;BIdwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk GñkmanGarmµN_fa enAÉeka<br />
nigenAdac;qayBIBiPBelakenH<br />
enAeBlGñk)andwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk GñkmankarRBÜy<br />
)armÖGMBImnusSEdlerIseGIgGñk<br />
sBVéfenH GñkRBÜy)armÖGMBImnusSEdlerIseGIgelIGñk<br />
edaysarGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_<br />
®sþI ¬°¦ burs ¬°¦ srub P-témø cMNucsMxan;<br />
84/7 77/2 83 P=.039 *<br />
94/3 86/8 92/6 P=.251 *<br />
59/3 53/5 58 P=.279 *<br />
karsikSaenHbgðajfa karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg EdlTak;TineTAnwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankarekIteLIgenA<br />
TUTaMgRbeTskm
CaCagBIPaKITIbI b:uEnþniyayfa GaNaBüa)alCaeRcInminmanbMNgBiPakSaGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜn nigerobcM<br />
EpnkarGnaKtenaHeT (<strong>Khmer</strong> HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000). eskþIRBageKalneya)aycMlas; enAkñúgqñaM 2004 rbs;<br />
MoSVY elIkeLIgfa GarmµN_TUeTAenAkñúgRbeTskm
GnþraKmn_nanasMrab;GaNaBüa)al<br />
TisedAénviFIsa®sþenH KWedIm,IkMNt;nUvfaetIGnþraKmn_NamYyEdlRKÜsarmanlT§PaBTTYl nigedIm,Iyl;eGay<br />
c,as;faetIGñkTTYlKitfaGnþraKmn_TaMgenH mansarRbeyaCn_ b¤Gt;. TisedAenHk¾)anCYykMNt;nUvGaTiPaBénesckþI<br />
RtÚvkarrbs;RKÜsar dUcmankMNt;edayGaNaBüa)al. edaysarRkúmkrNIKMrU RtÚv)aneRCIserIstamry³GgÁkarnana<br />
EdleFIVkarCamYybNþaj PLHAs PaKeRcInénRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ¬82°¦ )anTTYlGnþraKmn_mYyy:agtic 9 ehIyCamFüm BYkeK<br />
)anTTYlesva 4/3 RbePTepSg²Kña. pÞúyeTAvij manEt 18° énRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobb:ueNÑaH )anTTYlGnþraKmn_nana<br />
edayCamFümRKÜsarenAkñúgRkúmkrNIenHTTYl)anesva 1/3 RbePTepSgKña . GIVEdlminmanlkçN³c,as;las;énTinñn½yenH<br />
KWkMritesvaEdlRtÚvepþateTAelI;RKÜsarkrNIKMrU BIeRBaHBYkeKCaRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ CaCagepþateKaledAedaysar<br />
BYkeKkan;EtRkIRkeTA².<br />
düaRkam 8 bgðajfa smamaRténRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_EdlTTYl)anesva manlkçN³RsbeTAnwg<br />
Tinñn½yEdlbgðajBIkMritEdlGñkeqøIyyl;faGnþraKmn_TaMgenH mansarRbeyaCn_. ¬KYrcgcaMfa karvaytémøTaMgenH min)an<br />
vas;EvgGMBITMhMénPaBGacmansarRbeyaCn_bEnßmeTotrbs;GnþraKmn_TaMgenHeT. ]TahrN_ CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBRtÚv)an<br />
raykarN_fa {mansarRbeyaCn_} b:uEnþmnusSCaeRcIn enAEtRtÚvecjluyehae):AxøÜnÉg enAeBlTTYlCMnYyKaMRTsuxPaB¦.<br />
GnþraKmn_cMnYn 3 d¾samBaØbMput Edl)anpþl;enAkñúgRkúmTaMgenH rYmmankarEfTaMtampÞH CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaB nigkarRbwkSa<br />
eyabl;. CarYm GaNaBüa)al)anvaytémøfaesvaTaMgenHmansarRbeyaCn_. cUrcgcaMfa GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWeGds_ mansßanPaBFn;FrCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgsYcnakrEpñksgÁm nigesdækic©CaeRcIn. caM)ac;RtÚvdwgfa<br />
KmøatEdl)ankMNt;TMngCanwgmanTMhMFMCagmun RbsinebIKµanGnþraKmn_EdlBYkeKkMBugTTYl)aneTenaH.<br />
homecare<br />
medical assistance<br />
education assistance<br />
food assistance<br />
counselling<br />
income assistance<br />
vocational trai<br />
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other<br />
9 GnþraKmn_enAkñúgkarsikSaenH RtÚv)ankMNt;CaCMnYyKaMRT b¤esvaNamYy Edlpþl;dl;RKÜsaredayGgÁkarnanaenAkñúgshKmn_ dUcCa<br />
CMnYyes,ógGahar karEfTaMtampÞH km©I CMnYYyEpñkGb;rM CMnYYyedaypþl;CafñaM¼karEfTaMsuxPaB.<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
vak¾mansarRbeyaCn_Nas;Edrkñúgkarkt;sMKal;GMBIesvaTaMgLayNa EdlRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_PaKeRcIn<br />
minTTYl)annUvesva. ]TahrN_ ticCagBak;kNþalénRKÜsarkrNIKMrU )anTTYlnUvCMnYyKaMRTEpñkGb;rM. karviPaKbEnßmeTot<br />
)anbgðajeGayeXIjfa RbCaCnenAtamCnbT TMngCaTTYl)anCMnYyKaMRTEbbenHtictYcKYreGaykt;sMKal; 18° énRKÜsar<br />
enAtMbn;CnbT )anTTYlCMnYyKaMRTEpñkGb;rM ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 34° enAtMbn;TIRkúg ¬p
tarag 7 ³ kareFIVcMNat;fñak;GnþraKmn_sMxan;bMput<br />
esva krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob<br />
CMnYyKaMRTEpñk»sf 1 3<br />
CMnYyes,ógGahar 2 2<br />
km©I 3 5<br />
CMnYYyEpñkGb;rM 4 1<br />
karbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³ 5 4<br />
karEfTaMtampÞH 6 6<br />
karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ 7 7<br />
epSg² 8 8<br />
GIVEdltarag 7 min)anbgðaj KWkMriténesckþIRtÚvkarénesva TaMgenH kñúgcMeNamGñkeqøIy nigrebob EdlRKÜsarTaMgenaH<br />
Gaccat;Ecgy:agl¥ edayBuMcaM)ac;manesvaTaMgenH. lT§plénkarsikSaenHelIkeLIgfa CamFümmanGaTiPaBeRcIn<br />
EfmeTot sMrab;CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBkñúgcMeNamRKsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edaysarmUlehtufa BYkeK)ancMNaynUvcMnYn<br />
d¾eRcInénkarcMNayrbs;BYkeKeTAelIkarEfTaMsuxPaB nigkMritnUvkarcMNayeTAelIesckþIRtÚvkarRKÜsardéTeTot. ebIKµan<br />
CMnYYyEpñkBüa)alEbbenHeTenaH BYkeKGacRtÚv)anCMrujeGayeFIVkarcMNaybEnßm ¬edaykarkMritcMNay lk;RTBüsm,tþi<br />
b¤x©IR)ak;eK¦ b¤minTTYlnUvCMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBEdlcaM)ac;nana. karcMNayelIkarBüa)al KWCakMlaMgclkrmYykñúgcMeNam<br />
kMlaMgclkrCaeRcIn EdlTMngbMputkñúgkarCMrujeGayRKÜsarnanars;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk b¤eFIVeGayPaBRkIRk<br />
rbs;eKkan;EtFn;FreTA². enAkñúgbribTemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ vaRbEhlCaesckþIRtÚvkarbnÞan;d¾sMxan;bMput. enAkñúg<br />
brisßanmYy EdlFnFanmankMritenaH eKcaM)ac;RtÚveFIVkarenAkñúgshKmn_ edIm,IkMNt;nUvRKÜsarEdl)anTTYlesvanana<br />
rYcehIy nigRKÜsarEdlgayrgeRKaH EdlenAEtRtÚvkaresvaTaMgenH. edIm,IsMercnUvkic©karenH GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLaycaM)ac;<br />
RtÚvyl;dwgfa etIGnþraKmn_EbbNa GacRtÚv)anpþl;dl;shKmn_TUeTA nigGnþraKmn_EbbNa KYrepþateKaledAeTAelIGñk<br />
EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ edIm,IedaHRsaynUvesckþIRtÚvkarbnÞan; nigry³eBlEvgrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH. bBaðaenH<br />
RtÚv)anBiPakSabEnßmeTotenAkñúgEpñkGnusasn_ .<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
lT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWeGds_<br />
eyageTAtamkarvas;sÞg;RKbdNþb;kalBIeBlfµI²bMputenH manEt 5° bu:eNÑaHénRbCaCn EdlRtÚvkarfñaMRbqaMg<br />
CmWeGds_naeBlbc©úb,nñ manlT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMTaMgenH (USAIDS et al., 2003). kñúgcMeNambNþajTaMgGs;rbs; PLHAs<br />
Edl)ansmÖaskareRbIR)as;fñaMRbqaMgCmWeGds_rbs;BYkeK mankMritx
BaðaRbQmmYykñúgbBaðaRbQmFMbMputénkarsikSacMruHEpñkenH KWPaBxusKñarvagehtu nigbc©½y. eTaHbICakar<br />
sikSaenH manlkçN³cMruHEpñkk¾eday k¾karsikSaenH)aneRbIviFIsa®sþmYy EdlbegáItnUvkaryl;dwgsuICMerAeTAelIRbvtþicMNUl<br />
nigpþl;nUvkaryl;dwgGMBIRbvtþisßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmpgEdr. karcat;CaRbePTénsYcnakr nigsMNYrd¾TUlMTUlayEdlRtÚv<br />
)aneRbI edIm,Iyl;c,as;nUvRBwtþikarN_mun² nigkarERbRbÜlR)ak;cMNUl eFIVeGayeyIgyl;kan;Etc,as;GMBIehtu nigbc©½yén<br />
PaBRkIRk nigemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. lT§plénkarsikSabgðajfabc©úb,nñenH RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_<br />
manCIvPaBRkIRkCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob k¾b:uEnþEp¥kelIPsþútagCaeRcIneKeCOCak;fa krNIenHminsuT§EtdUcKñaTaMgGs;<br />
enaHeT. dUecñHvaTMngfa emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )aneFIVeGayPaBRkIRkkan;EtFn;FreLIg². minRtwmEtfycuHnUvR)ak;cMNUl<br />
enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrUb:ueNÑaHeT ¬CalT§pléncMNUlEdl)at;bg;edaysarCmW nigkrNICaeRcInedaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñk<br />
rkcMNUld¾cMbgenAkñúgRKÜsar¦ b:uEnþcMNUlEdlmanRsab;CaeRcIn RtÚv)anEbgEcksMrab;éføcMNayeTAelICmWW. mü:agvijeTot<br />
kñúgcMeNamRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GMNacrkR)ak;cMNUlmankarfycuH enAeBlEdlRKÜsarenaH )anbgçMcitþ<br />
eFIVkarcMNayeTAelICmWenH. ebIeTaHbICaRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFobmanCIvPaBRkIRkEdrk¾eday k¾b:uEnþkarcMNayrbs;BYkeK<br />
BuMmankMritx
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emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )anlk;nUvRTBüsm,tþiTaMgGs;rbs;xøÜn edIm,ICameFüa)aymYykñúgkaredaHRsaykgVHhirBaØvtßú.<br />
cab;BIeBlEdlRKÜsarTaMgenH )anlk;nUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn karN_enHbgðajfa BYkeK)anQancUldl;dMNak;kalcugeRkay<br />
énvibtþi. dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgkarvaytémøtamEbbcUlrYmrbs;km
CMBUk 3 ³<br />
plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;
plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼<br />
CmWeGds_eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;<br />
lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm<br />
dU<br />
c)anbgðajenAkñúgCMBUk 2 RKÜsar enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob manlkçN³RsedogKña ebIniyayGMBIrgVas;efrén<br />
sßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm b:uEnþmanlkçN³xusKñaKYreGaykt;sMKal;Rtg;rgVas;ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl.<br />
CMBUkxageRkamenH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IkMNt;nUvplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIsßanPaBrbs;kumar<br />
nigekµgCMTg;.<br />
TMnak;TMngrvagkumar¼GaNaBüa)al<br />
fIVebIkumar nigekµgCMTg; enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob RtÚv)aneRCIserIsecjBItMbn;EtmYykþI k¾manPaBxusKñaxag<br />
RbCasa®sþd¾KYreGaykt;sMKal;rvagRkúmTaMgBIrenHpgEdr. GRtaPaKryénkumarkMRBamankMritx
sßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;<br />
PaKeRcInénkumarenAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob RtÚv)anraykarN_famansuxPaBl¥. 98° énkumar nig 99° énekµg<br />
CMTg;)anraykarN_faeKmansuxPaBmFüm b¤elIsBImFüm ¬edayeRbImaRtdæan 5 BinÞú EdlmFümesµInwg 3¦. eKminrMBwgfa<br />
kumarCaeRcInEdlmanGayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM qøgemeraKeGds_BIGaNaBüa)al EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK BIeRBaHkar<br />
vivDÆn_TUeTAénCmWkñúgcMeNamkumarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWfakumartictYcNas; EdlGacrs;enAdl;Gayu 6 qñaM. eyagtam<br />
PaBgayresIbénsMNYrGMBIkarvaytémøeRKaHfñak; ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIr GacRbQmmuxnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_<br />
b:uEnþeKminGacvaytémøGMBIkMriténeRKaH EdlTak;TineTAnwgRkúmTaMgenHeT. b:uEnþenAeBlRtÚv)ansYrfaetIBYkeKFøab;QW<br />
Gs;ry³eBl 90 éf Edrb¤Gt; kalBIqñaMknøgeTA 93° énekµgCMTg;enAkñúgKMrUenH )anniyayfa eT EdlkarN_enHbgðajfa<br />
KµanPaBxusEbøkKñaeT eTAelIsßanPaBsuxPaBrvagRkúmTaMgBIrenH nigfaekµgCMTg;TaMgenH minTMngCamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_<br />
eLIy. ¬b:uEnþkarN_enH minEmncg;mann½yfakarRbQmeRKaHfñak;rbs;eKeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ minman<br />
kMritx
vamansar³sMxan;Nas;Edldwgfa ebIeTaHbICakumarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GacTMngCadac;)ayk¾eday<br />
k¾RKÜsarenAkñúgKMrUenH )anraykarN_GMBIkgVHes,ógGaharEdr. eK)ansresrenAkñúgÉksarfa enAeBlmanvibtþiesdækic©<br />
RKÜsarPaKeRcInnwgkat;bnßykarcMNayelIkareRbIR)as;Gahar edIm,ICameFüa)aymYy kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðakgVHR)ak;cMNUl<br />
(Donahue, 1998). karN_enHRtÚv)anbgðajfa BitR)akdEmn enAkñúgbTsmÖasn_CamYyGaNaBüa)al ehIy 69° énGñkeqøIy<br />
krNIKMrU nig 53° énGñkeqøIykrNIeRbóbeFob)anraykarN_fa RKÜsarrbs;xøÜn)anTijkñúgbrimaNticCagmun edIm,IykR)ak;<br />
eTAbg;elIkarEfTaMsuxPaB.<br />
karGb;rM<br />
enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtielIkumar nigekµgCMTg; eK)ansYrkumarfa etIBYkeKRtÚv)aneKcuHeQµaHeGaycUleron b¤eT. GRtacuHeQµaH<br />
cUleronkñúgcMeNamkumar RtÚv)anraykarN_famankMritx
kumarIGacCagayrgeRKaHCaBiesscMeBaHGvtþmanenAsala BIeRBaHenAkñúgRKÜsareKeGaytémørbs;kumarI RKan;EtCaGñk<br />
emIlEfTaMpÞHb:ueNÑaH. enAeBlmankarxVHxatfvika vaTMngCaCH\T§iBldl;karsikSarbs;kumara . Tinñn½ybgðajfa ekµgRsI<br />
CMTg;manGRtacuHeQµaHcUlsikSaTabCagekµgRbúsCMTg; TaMgenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob ³ 62° énekµgRsICMTg; nig<br />
72° énekµgRbúsCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU (p=.001) nig 67° énekµgRsICMTg; nig 79° énekµgRbúsCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIeRbóbeFob<br />
)ancuHeQµaHcUlsikSa (p=.001). Tinñn½yenHminbgðajfa emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eFIVeGaymanKmøatEynD½rkan;EtFn;Fr<br />
eLIgenaHeT b¤Tinñn½yenH k¾minTMngCakMNt;fa etIsßanPaBrbs;kumarkMRBaeFIVeGaymanKmøatEynD½rxøaMg b¤Gt;enaHeT. b:uEnþ<br />
KmøatEynD½renAkñúgkarGb;rMkan;EtmanTMhMFMeLIg edaysarPaBRkIRkdUcEdlbgðajedaykarsikSacMruHRbeTs Edl)an<br />
eFIVeLIgedayFnaKarBiPBelak (Ainsworth nig Filmer, 2002).<br />
karERbRbÜleTAelITMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgRKÜsar nigkargar<br />
karsikSaCaeRcIn )anbgðajfaTMnYlxusRtÚv nigkic©karsMrab;kumar TaMgenAkñúg nigxageRkARKÜsar mankarekIneLIgCa<br />
KMhuk enAeBlGaNaBüa)almñak; b¤eRcInnak;Føak;xøÜnQW b¤søab; (Ainsworth nig Filmerk, 2002; NYEMO, 2002; nig <strong>Khmer</strong><br />
HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000). enAkñúgkarsikSaenH kumar nigekµgCMTg;PaKeRcInenAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIr )anraykarN_fa<br />
BYkeKeFIVkic©karenAkñúgRKÜsar. TaMgRkúmkumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU minTMngCaeFIVkareRcInCagkrNIeRbóbeFobeT<br />
¬86° énkumarkrNIKMrU nig 85° énkumarkrNIeRbóbeFob ³ 97° énekµgCMTg;krNIKMrU nig 98° énekµgCMTg;krNI<br />
eRbóbeFob )anraykarN_fa BYkeK)aneFIVkic©karpÞH¦. eTaHCay:agenHkþI PaBxusKñaRtÚv)anKUsbBaöak;enAkñúgRbePTkic©kar<br />
Edl)aneFIV dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkam 11 nig 12.<br />
eTaHbICaRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFobenAkñúgRkúmGayu manTMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgpÞHdUcKñamYycMnYnk¾eday k¾RkúmEdl<br />
rs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCaeFIVkic©karmYycMnYnKYreGaykt;sMKal;eRcInCagRkúmenAkñúgkrNI<br />
eRbóbeFob EdlCaTUeTA kic©karTaMgenHCabnÞúkrbs;GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgRbeTskm
80%<br />
80%<br />
60%<br />
60%<br />
40%<br />
40%<br />
20%<br />
20%<br />
0%<br />
Cook<br />
Wash utensils<br />
Collect firewood<br />
Fetch water<br />
Farm, harvest, fish<br />
Clean, sweep<br />
Look after younger children<br />
Care for sick family members<br />
Case<br />
Comparison<br />
0%<br />
Cook<br />
Wash utensils<br />
Collect firewood<br />
Fetch water<br />
Farm, harvest, fish<br />
Clean, sweep<br />
Look after younger children<br />
Care for sick family members<br />
CakarsMxan;RtÚvkt;sMKal;fa enAkñúgRkúmGayunImYy²ExSbnÞat;TTYlxusRtÚvrvagekµgRbús nigekµgRsI)anbgðaj<br />
BIkarEbgEckEynD½ry:agc,as;. enAeBleKdak;ePTnImYy²edayELkBIKña Tinñn½yxagelIbgðajfa ekµgRsITMngCacMGin<br />
Gahar lagsMGatsMPar³pÞH)ay e)assMGatemIlEfTaMkumartUc² nigEfTaMsmaCikRKÜsarEdlmanCmW eRcInCagekµgRbús<br />
(p=.05). ekµgRbúsTMngRbmUlGus dgTwk daMduH RcÚtkat; nigensaT eRcInCagekµgRsI (p=.05).<br />
enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtienH eKk¾)ansYrkumar nigekµgCMTg;pgEdrfa etIBYkeKeFVIkarrkR)ak;cMNUl b¤Gt;Rbsin ebIeFVIkarEmn<br />
etImYyéfBYkeKeFVIkarb:unµanem:ag. 21° énkumarenAkµúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU)anraykarN_fa BYkeK)aneFVIkarrkR)ak;cMNUl<br />
ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 12° enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob (p
karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg<br />
dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgCMBYk 2 karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg BitCa)anekItmancMeBaHbNþaj PLHAs enAkñúgRbeTs<br />
km
suxPaBCabzm nigsMrab;karkarBarkumarmineGaymankarrMelaPbMBan nigkareFVIGaCIvkmµelIkumar. b:uEnþmankarsikSa<br />
tictYcNas; Edl)aneRbIniymn½y b¤sYcnakr QOL kñúgkarvas;EvgvDÆnPaBenH. dUc)anerobrab;enAkñúg]bsm½
QOL Edl)anraykarN_edayekµgCMTg;<br />
düaRkam 14 bgðajGMBIPaBxusKñarvagekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigGñkEk,rxagrbs;<br />
BYkeK. krNIKMrUTTYl)anBinÞúticCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;BYkeKy:agxøaMgeTAelIKuNPaBCIvitTUeTA (p
lT§pl QOL bgðajfaTukçRBÜyEdlekIteLIgcMeBaHkumar nigekµgCMTg; EdlmanGaNaBüa)alpÞúkemeraKeGds_<br />
ekItmanmuneBlkarsøab;rbs;GaNaBüa)alrUbenaH. dUc)anerobrab;xagelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;CaeRcIn EdlRtÚv)aneRCIs<br />
CaKMrUenAkñúgsikSaenH KWenAEtkMBugrs;enACamYynwgbrisßanRKÜsarEbbRbéBNIdEdl ehIymanlT§plPaBTTYl)annUv<br />
sMNaj;suvtßiPaBénRKÜsarEdlrs;enACuMKña. b:uEnþenH BuMEmnCakrNImYy dUckrNIkumarEdlpÞúkemraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enA<br />
km
tarag 9 ³ karcat;cMNat;fñak;énGnþraKmn_ EdleFIVeLIgedayekµgCMTg;<br />
GaBaØtþi B cMNucsMxan;<br />
karbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³¼karksagCMnaj 1 1<br />
karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ 2 2<br />
CMnYyes,ógGahar 3 3<br />
karGb;rMGMBIePT 4 4<br />
karbegáItR)ak;cMNUl 5 5<br />
epSgeTot 6 6<br />
ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob )anniyayfakarbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³ karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_<br />
nigCMnYyes,ógGahar KWCaesvacMnYnbIEdlmansarRbeyaCn_cMeBaHBYkeK dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgtarag 9 edayKµankar<br />
raykarN_GMBIPaBxusKñarvagRkúmkrNITaMgBIreT. karN_enH)aneFIVeGayeKGHGagkan;Etc,as;fa kumar nigekµgCMTg;<br />
Edlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ manesckþIRtÚvkarRsedogKñaeTAnwgkumar nigekµgCMTg;déTeTotEdr<br />
enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;xøÜn. PaBBitEdlfa ekµgCMTg;TaMgGs; )ancat;Tukfa karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ CaGnþraKmn_mYy<br />
kñúgcMeNamGnþraKmn_cMnYnbIsMxan;bMputenaHbgðajfa ekµgCMTg;GackMBugEtEsVgrkRckecjmYy edIm,IdMeNaHRsaybBaðapøÚv<br />
GarmµN_rbs;BYkeK.<br />
46 plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
karBiPakSa<br />
enAkñúgkarsikSaenH bTsmÖasn_CaeRcIn)ankMNt;nUvbnÞúknana mkelIkumar nigekµgCMTg; edaysarplb:HBal;én<br />
emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigynþkaredaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH. ebIeTaHbICakumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúk<br />
emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ kMBugrs;enAkñúgbrisßanRKÜsarEbbRbéBNIk¾eday k¾BYkeKCaeRcIn)an)at;bg;GaNaBüa)almñak;<br />
y:agtic nigsßiteRkamkarEfTaMrbs;GaNaBüa)alEdlmanCmW b¤Citsøab;. CmWrbs;GaNaBüa)al PaBRkIRkrbs;RKÜsar<br />
nigkar)at;bg;GaNaBüa)almñak;y:agtic BitCa)anpøas;bþÚry:agxøaMgeTAelIlkçN³rbs;RKÜsarrbs;BYkeK. plb:HBal;<br />
énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ ekIteLIgeTAelIEpñkmYycMnYnEdlCan;Kña nigcMNuHeTAvijeTAmk (Dhaliwal nig Ellman, 2003)<br />
b:uEnþPsþútagBIkarsikSaenH bgðajfa kumarenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )an)at;bg;nUv»kas y:ageRcIn<br />
tamrUbPaBmYycMnYn ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgRKÜsarEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn.<br />
Tinñn½yEdlbgðajfa kumar nigekµgCMTg; enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCajúaMGaharticCag<br />
RkúmepSgeTot nigTTYlrgnUvkardac;)ayjwkjab;CagelIkeLIgfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GackMNt;rbb<br />
Gaharrbs;smaCikRKÜsar edIm,ICameFüa)aymYykñúgkaredaHRsaynUvPaBFn;FrénsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜn. enAkñúgry³<br />
eBlEvg karkMNt;rbbenHGacKMramkMEhgdl;suxPaBrbs;kumarenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. vaman<br />
sar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkt;sMKal;fa ekµgCMTg; nigGaNBüa)alTaMgenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob )ankMNt;CMnYy<br />
es,ógGaharCaesva EdlmansarRbeyaCn_lMdab;elx 1 cMeBaHRKÜsarrbs;BYkeK EdlkarN_enHelIkeLIgfa m©as;CMnYy<br />
nigGñkerobcMkmµviFI KYreFIVkarvaytémøeTAelIkmµviFIes,ógGaharenAkñúgRbeTskm
Blkmµkumar )ankøayCakarekgRbv½Ba©elIkumar enAeBlEdlkargarenaH raraMgdl;karGPivDÆn_rbs;kumar nigesckþI<br />
RtÚvkar nigsiT§iesrIPaBrbs;BYkeK dUcCa karGb;rM b¤eFIVeGayeKRbQmnwgkarrMelaPbMBan nig¼b¤ rbYsragkay. raCrdæaPi)al<br />
km
eKTMngCaminGacdwgGMBIplb:HBal;énGnþraKmn_eTAelIRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ edayKµankarsikSa<br />
RsavRCavtamdanbnþenaHeT. b:uEnþbNþaj PLHAs enAkñúgkarsikSaenH)anraykarN_fa GnþraKmn_EdlBYkeKTTYl)an KW<br />
BitCamansarRbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;. ekµgCMTg;mYycMnYn k¾)anTTYlnUvkarKaMRTEdlekµgCMTg;TaMgenAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob<br />
manlT§PaBTTYl)anesµI²Kña. Tinñn½ykMritRKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;)anbgðajfa RKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼<br />
CmWeGds_ manesckþIRtÚvkarCaeRcIndUcKñaeTAnwgRKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;déTenAkñúgshKmn_TUeTAEdr ehIyCalT§pl GnþraKmn_nana<br />
KYrepþateKaledAeTAelIbuKÁlmñak;² Ep¥keTAelIkMriténPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;BYkeK minEmneTAelIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_<br />
enaHeT. eTaHbIy:agenHkþI karsikSaenHk¾)anbgðajfa kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
TTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;»kasKYreGaykt;sMKal;. GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI m©as;CMnYy GgÁkar NGOs bNþaj<br />
PLHAs nigkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH caM)ac;RtÚvEtshkarKña edIm,IkMNt;nUvmeFüa)aykñúgkarpþl;esvanana<br />
EdlepþateKaledAeTAelIkumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput xN³eBlEdleFIVkaredaHRsaynUvesckþIRtÚvkarCak;lak;rbs;kumar<br />
RKb;GayuTaMgGs;.<br />
fIVebITinñn½yEdlRbmUl)anenAkñúgkarsikSaenH CYykMNt;nUvplb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIGaNaBüa)al ekµgCMTg; nigkumarkþI k¾eKRKan;EtGac):an;RbmaNGMBIkarcMNayxagsgÁm nigesdækic©ry³eBlEvg<br />
rbs;RkúmmnusSmYyEdlRtÚvbgçMcitþkat;bnßynUvkarvinieyaKrbs;xøÜneTAelIkarGb;rMrbs;kumarb:ueNÑaH nigEdlman»kastictYc<br />
kñúgkarbegáInnUvTunxagsgÁm enAkMritRKÜsar nigm:aRkÚesdækic©. Tinñn½yenH cg¥úlbgðajfa sßanPaBesdækic© sgÁm nigcitþ<br />
sgÁmrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúg RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankMritFn;FrCagkumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúg<br />
RkúmepSgeTot. b:uEnþeKBi)aknwgeFIVkarkMritnUvPaBFn;FrTaMgenH EdlkumarnwgRbQmNas; BIeRBaHCmWrbs;GaNaBüa)al<br />
rbs;BYkeKbnþvivDÆCanic© ehIyBYkeKTTYlbnÞúkxusRtÚvbEnßmeTot. edaysarmnusSEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
bnþekIneLIg nigedaysarCmWeGds_mankarvivDÆn_ enaHbnÞúkmkelIRKÜsar shKmn_ nigesvaKaMRT nwgmankarekIneLIg<br />
y:agKMhuk.<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
CMBUk 4 ³ snñidæanrYm<br />
nigGnusasn_
snñidæanrYm nigGnusasn_<br />
lT§plBIkarsikSaenHenAkñúgRbeTskm
CMhanbnÞab;<br />
edaysarkumarRbmaN 60>000 nak; manpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ enAkm
mak;gayenaHeT. ]TahrN_ vtþmanrbs;kumarenAkñúgRKÜsar EdlmankMritCIvPaBeRkamExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk Edl)ankMNt;<br />
xagelI GacRtÚv)aneKeRbICamUldæanmYy sMrab;kMNt;nUvRKÜsarEdlgayrgeRKaH.<br />
esckþIsnñidæanmYyepSgeTot KWfa kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH TTYl)annUvkarEfTaMy:agRbesIrbMputenAkñúg<br />
shKmn_rbs;xøÜn. mü:agvijeTot GnþraKmn_nanaEdlKaMRTelIkarpat;kumarecjBIshKmn_rbs;BYkeK KWCaviFIsa®sþ<br />
edaHRsayTaMgLayNaEdleKBuMcg;)an. RbeTskm
1> kMNt;vaküs½BÞ {kumarkMRBa} nig {PaBgayrgeRKaH} nigkMNt;eGayeXIjnUvkumar nigekµgCMTg;Edlgay<br />
rgeRKaHbMput. enAkñúgkic©BieRKaHeyabl;fµI²enH mankarExVgKMnitKñaeTAelIIGIV EdlbegáIteGaymankumar<br />
gayrgeRKaH. ebIKµanniymn½yTaMgenHeT skmµPaBnana EdlepþatelIkumargayrgeRKaH Gacxkxankñúgkar<br />
kMNt;kumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput. RkúmbEg¥kGacCYyshKmn_kñúgkarbMeBjnUvesckþIRtÚvkarcaM)ac;bMputrbs;<br />
kumarTaMgenaH edayeFIVkarkMNt; nigkarpSBVpSayGMBIkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput edIm,IkMNt;nUvkumarEdlgay<br />
rgeRKaHbMput.<br />
2> BRgIkRkúmbEg¥k OVC bc©úb,nñ nigbegáItGaNtþimYykñúgkareFIVeGaymankarGPivDÆn_nUveKalneya)ay<br />
nigkarEkERbc,ab;nana. fIVebIkarbegáItRkúmbEg¥k OVC KWCaCMhandMbUgRbkedayPaBviCömank¾eday k¾RkúmenH<br />
)anyl;Rsbfa caM)ac;RtÚvmankartMNageGay)anTUlMTUlay enAkñúgkarRbCuMnaeBlbc©úb,nñenHEdr.<br />
]TahrN_ RkúmbEg¥kcaM)ac;RtÚvdak;bBa©ÚlnUvGgÁkar NGOs CaeRcInEdlcUlrYmkñúgkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumar<br />
gayrgeRKaH. CMerIsrbs;GñkcUlrYm nwgEp¥keTAelIRkúmeKaledA nigGaNtþiEdl)ankMNt;sMrab;RkúmenH.<br />
RkúmbEg¥k OVC k¾tMrUveGaymanGaNtþimYyBIrdæaPi)al kñúgkareFIVkarpøas;bþÚrCaduMkMPYneTAelIeKalneya)ay<br />
b¤c,ab;nana. karbegáItGaNtþimYy caM)ac;RtÚvEteFIVkareq
5> FanafalT§plEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSaenH nigkarvaytémøelIplb:HBal;déTeTot CH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkar<br />
erobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþ nigkareFIVesckþIsMercelIkarEbgEckFnFan. edaysarGaCJaFr NAA kMBugEterobcM<br />
dMeNIrkarerobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþGMBIemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ Gnusasn_CaKnøwHmYy KWRtÚveRCIstaMgRbFan NAA<br />
mñak; mkBIRkúmbEg¥k OVC edIm,IeFIVCasmaCikénRkúmerobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþ nigFanafa Gnusasn_nana<br />
EdlelIkeLIgGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH RtÚvedaHRsay ¬cgcaMfakmµvtßúnana<br />
kñúgkarkat;bnßyplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH KWRKan;EtCa<br />
EpñkmYyénkareqøIytb OVC EdlcuHdl;shKmn_b:ueNÑaH¦. buKÁlsMxan;²nana KYrTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarsMrbsMrYl<br />
karGnuvtþn_Epnkar nigkarBinitütamdan nigkarvaytémø.<br />
6> sMrbsMrYlkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputrbs;GgÁkar NGO Edlpþl;karKaMRTdl;RKÜsarEdlmankumargayeRKaH.<br />
RkúmbEg¥k OVC pþl;nUvevTikamYysMrab;Gñkpþl;esvarbs;GgÁkar NGO m©as;CMnYy nigTIPñak;garshkar kñúgkar<br />
EckrMElknUvkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput Tak;TineTAnwgkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRT kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH. GgÁkar<br />
sMxan;²nana GaceFIVkarnaMmuxeKkñúgkarGPivDÆn_nUveKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;karGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput.<br />
7> TTYlmUlniFisMrab;RkúmbEg¥k OVC. RkúmbEg¥k OVC nwgtMrUveGaymankarKaMRTEpñkhirBaØvtßú nigbec©keTs<br />
BIm©as;CMnYyTaMgLay edIm,IeGayxøÜnGacbMeBjnUvGaNtþirbs;xøÜnxagelI.<br />
Gnusasn_edIm,IedaHRsayGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH<br />
Gnusasn_mYycMnYnrbs;GñkBak;B½n§CaeRcInRtÚv)aneLIg EdlCalT§plénsikçasalasþIBIkarBiPakSaGMBI OVC.<br />
Gnusasn_TaMgenH nwgRtÚv)anBiPakSaenAkñúgkarRbCuM 13 rbs;RkúmbEg¥k OVC naeBlbc©úb,nñ. fIVebIcaM)ac;RtÚvcat;viFankar<br />
CaeRcIn kñúgkarEklMGnUvkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaHk¾eday k¾Gnusasn_cMnYn 5 xageRkamenH<br />
RtÚv)anelIkeLIg edayyklT§plBIkarsikSaenHCamUldæanEdr nigRtÚv)anrMBwgfanwgCH\T§iBlCaduMkMPYneTAelIkumar<br />
kMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH. GgÁkar <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong> nigRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nigyuvnItism,Ta )anpþl;Ca<br />
Gnusasn_fa raCrdæaPi)alkm
manRcIn nigmanKuNPaBx
sMxan;²bMputCaeRcInsMrab;RKÜsarTaMgGs; ebIminKitBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_. lT§plenH )anelIkeLIgCabBaðasMxan;²cMnYn 2 ³<br />
TI 1 edaysarRKÜsarkrNIKMrUCag 80° naeBlbc©úb,nñenH )anTTYlCMnYyes,ógGahar nigenAEtBuMmanGaharbriePaK<br />
RKb;RKan; eKcaM)ac;RtÚveFIVeGayCMnYyes,ógGaharenHkan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB edIm,IFanafa kumar ekµgCMTg; nigRKÜsar<br />
rbs;BYkeKTTYl)anGaharUbtßmÖRbcaMéfRKb;RKan; CaBiessGñkEdlkMBugrs;enAkñúgPaBRkIRk. TI 2 RKÜsarEdlminpÞúk<br />
emeraKeGds_ )ansMEdgnUvesckþIRtÚvkarCMnYyes,ógGahar. edIm,Iyl;dwgGMBIplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmwGds_<br />
karBinitüemIlPaBxusKñarvagRkúmRKÜsarTaMgenH KWCaRbkarmYymansarRbeyaCn_Nas;. karTTYlsÁal;fa RKÜsarCaeRcIn<br />
EdlminpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )ansMEdgnUvesckþIRtÚvkarCMnYyes,ógGahar k¾CaRbkarmYymansar³sMxan;Nas;Edr.<br />
dUecñHeK)anpþl;Gnusasn_fa eKKYrpþl;CMnYyes,ógGahar edayEp¥kelImUldæanénPaBgayrgeRKaH. lkçN³vinicä½y<br />
sMrab;karepþateKaledAeTAelICMnYyes,ógGaharEdlmankMrit GacCacMNUlmYyrbs;RKÜsarmYy nig¼b¤smtßPaBrbs;RKÜsar<br />
enH kñúgkarpþl;GaharRKb;RKan;dl;smaCikRKÜsarRKb;rUb. ¬dUc)anerobrab;xagelI vtþmanénemeraKeGds_enAkñúgRKÜsar<br />
minKYrRtÚv)aneRbICalkçN³vinicä½ysMrab;karkMNt;PaBmansiT§iTTYlCMnYyeLIy¦. rcnasm½ EklMGlT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM<br />
manPsþútagmYyecjBIkarsikSaenHfa ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCa)ancuHeQµaH<br />
cUleronticCagekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn. fIVebITinñn½yEbbKuNPaBEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSaenH min)anrk<br />
eXIjBIPaBxusKñaénkarcuHeQµaHcUleronkñúgcMeNamRkúmGayuBI 6-12 qñaM k¾eday k¾Tinñn½ytamEbbKuNPaBenH<br />
pþl;ehtuplmYy EdlGaceGayeyIgeCOfa karGb;rMrbs;kumarEdlmanv½yekµgCag nigEdlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWeGds_ k¾mankarGak;xanpgEdr. karsmÖasn_ nigkarBiPakSaebIkcMhCamYybuKÁlikGgÁkar NGO pþl;nUvmUlehtu<br />
cMbgcMnYn 3 sMrab;kumar nigekµgCMTg; Edlmin)ancUlsalaCaRbcaM ³ 1¦kgVHfvikasMrab;bg; {éføsikSaeRkApøÚvkar} ÉksNæan<br />
nigsMPar³sikSa 2¦ kumar nigekµgCMTg; tMrUveGayeFIVkar b¤CYyemIlEfTaMsmaCikRKÜsarenApÞH nig 3¦kumar nigekµgCMTg;<br />
rbs;GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RtÚv)aneKerIseGIgenAsala. dUecñHGnusasn_nana kñúgkarEklMGlT§PaBTTYl)an<br />
karGb;rM RtÚvedaHRsaynUv]bsKÁTaMgenH. skmµPaBnanaxageRkam KYrRtÚv)aneFIVeLIg ³<br />
dUcmanEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)ayGb;rMCati kumarTaMgGs;mansiT§iTTYl)ankarGb;rMeday\tKitéfø. dUecñH<br />
RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa (MoEYS) RtÚvFanafa RKÚbeRgónTTYl)anR)ak;ExeTogTat; RBmTaMgBinitütamdan<br />
nigdak;Bin½ysalaeTAelIRKÚbeRgónNa EdlykéføsikSaxusc,ab;.<br />
bnþkMNt; nigBinitütamdankumargayrgeRKaH nigpþl;dl;BYkeKnUvkar]btßmÖsMPar³sikSa nigÉksNæansala<br />
EdlcaM)ac;. bc©úb,nñ kar]btßmÖTaMgenHkMBugRtÚv)anpþl;edayGgÁkar NGOs CaeRcInenAkm
Ba©ÚlkmµviFIbNþúHbNþalenAsala edIm,IGb;rMRKÚbeRgon nigbuKÁlik GMBIbBaðananaEdlTak;TineTAnwgemeraK<br />
eGds_¼CmWeGds_ EdlrYmmanplb:HBal;énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg KYbpSMCamYykarGb;rMsþIBIkarTb;sáat;<br />
emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
15<br />
. enH KWCakmµvtßúmYykñúgcMeNamkmµvtßúnana énEpnkarCayuT§sa®sþrbs; MoEYS<br />
b:uEnþminTan;RtÚv)anGnum½tenAeLIyeT enATUTaMgRbeTskm kMNt;karGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputsMrab;karerobcMEpnkarGnaKt<br />
lT§plénkarsikSaenH )anbgðajfamanbNþaj PLHAs tictYcNas; Edl)anerobcMEpnkarGMBIGaNaBüa)alPaB<br />
naeBlGnaKtsMrab;kUn²rbs;xøÜn ebIeTaHbICakarRBÜy)armÖGMBIGnaKtrbs;kUn²rbs;BYkeK KWCakgVl;FMbMputmYykñúgcMeNam<br />
GaNaBüa)alEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_k¾eday. eyagtamvb,Fm’km
5> eqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtÚvkarxagcitþsgÁmrbs;kumar<br />
lT§pl QOL bgðajfa TaMgkareKarBxøÜnÉg nigsuxumalPaBpøÚvGarmµN_rbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúk<br />
emeraKeGds_ mankMritTabCagRkúmkumar nigekµgCMTg;déTeTot enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob. ekµgCMTg;TaMgenAkñúgRKÜsar<br />
krNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob k¾)ankMNt;fa karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ sßitkñúgcMeNamGnþraKmn_sMxan;bMputcMnYnbI<br />
EdlBYkeKmancg;)an. karBiPakSaCamYybuKÁlikGgÁkar NGOs nigRBHsgÇenAkñúgsikçasalafñak;Cati )ankMNt;nUvtMrUvkar<br />
kñúgkarpþl;karbNþúHbNþaldl;GgÁkar NGOs nigshKmn_nana edIm,ICYyeGayBYkeKGacpþl;nUvkarRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚv<br />
GarmµN_enAkñúglkçN³vb,Fm’d¾gayresIbenH CaCagnaMcUlnUvyuT§sa®sþGnþrCati EdlGacminBak;B½n§eTAnwgvb,Fm’rbs;<br />
RbeTskm
]bsm
]bsm½
karbeBa©jR)ab; nigkaerobcMEpnkarGnaKt<br />
EpñkenH )ansYrGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGd_¼CmWeGds_fa etIBYkeK)anbeBa©jR)ab;kUnrbs;BYkeK<br />
GMBIsßanPaBemeraKenHEdr b¤eT. EpñkenH k¾sYrGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgkrNITaMgBIrfa etIBYkeK)ansresrlixitbNþaMmrtk<br />
Edrb¤Gt; nigfa etIBYkeK)aneFIVkarerobcMGnaKtsMrab;kUnrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgkrNI EdlBYkeKKµanlT§PaBEfTaMkUnrbs;BYkeK<br />
teTAeTot Edrb¤Gt;.<br />
GnþraKmn_<br />
GaNaBüa)alRtÚvesñIeGayraykarN_fa etIBYkeK)anTTYlGnþraKmn_CaeRcInEdr b¤Gt; ehIyRbsinebI)an etIGnþraKmn_<br />
TaMgenaHmansarRbeyaCn_kMritNacMeBaHRKÜsarrbs;BYkeK. enAcugbBa©b;énsMNYr GñksmÖasn_)andak;katCaeRcInsnøwk<br />
enABImuxGñkpþl;smÖasn_ ehIy)anesñIeGayBYkeKeRCIserIsykGnþraKmn_bI Edlmansar³sMxan;bMputcMeBaHRKÜsarrbs;<br />
BYkeK. viFIsa®sþenHRtÚv)aneRbI edIm,IeCosvagPaBlMeGogénkarrMlwk EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkardkRsg;BaküBItarag.<br />
sMNYrenHmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkMNt;GaTiPaBrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH dUc)anerobrab;edayGaNaBüa)al.<br />
Bt’manGMBIkumar nigekµgCMTg;<br />
GaharUbtßmÖ karGb;rM suxPaB kargar nigbnÞúkRKÜsar<br />
kumar nigekµgCMTg;RtÚvsYrsMNYrGMBIGaharUbtßmÖ karGb;rM sßanPaBsuxPaB kargar nigbnÞúkRKÜsar. GaNaBüa)al<br />
)aneqøIynUvsMNYrGMBIkarGb;rM suxPaB kargar nigGaharUbtßmÖ CYskumarGayu cab;BI 6-12 qñaM.<br />
KuNPaBCIv itrbs;kumar<br />
karsikSaenH )aneRbIsnÞsSn_ KINDL kñúgkarvaytémøeTAelIKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;. snÞsSn_enH<br />
KWCakMrgsMNYrmaRtdæan Likert cMnYn 24 EdlxøI nigbt;Ebn Edlpþl;nUvBinÞúTUeTAeTAelIKuNPaBCIvit RBmTaMgpþl;BinÞúeTAelI<br />
EpñkcMnYn 6 KWsuxumalPaBpøÚvkay suxumalPaBpøÚvGarmµN_ kareKarBxøÜnÉg CIvitRKÜsar mitþPkþi¼CIvitsgÁm nigsala¼<br />
karGb;rM. karvas;sÞg;TaMgenH rYmbBa©ÚlnUvRkúmGayu nigdMNak;kalGPivDÆn_epSg²Kña. karvas;sÞg;cMnYnbIepSg²Kña RtÚv)an<br />
eRbIenAkñúgkarsikSaenH ³ karvas;sÞg;eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg; KWCakarvas;sÞg; EdlvaytémøedayxøÜnÉg nigkarvas;sÞg;<br />
eTAelIGaNaBüa)alsYrGMBIkumar b¤ekµgCMTg; ehIyRtÚv)aneRbICatMNagmYy sMrab;vas;EvgKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar.<br />
snÞsSn_enH RtÚv)aneRbIy:agTUlMTUlayenAkñúgRbeTsman]sSahkmµlUtlas; nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ ehIyGacrk)ankñúg<br />
Pasay:agtic 15. enAkñúgTIVbGasuI muneBleFIVkarsikSaenAkm
fIVebIBImuneK)anerobcMeLIgsMrab;kumarGayucab;BI 8-12 qñaM k¾eday k¾karvas;sÞg; “Kid-KINDL” RtÚv)aneRbIsMrab;<br />
kumarmanGayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM pgEdr. BImunkarvas;sÞg; “Kiddo-KINDL” RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg sMrab;kumarEdlmanGayucab;<br />
BI 13-16 qñaM enAkñúgRbeTskm
]bsm½000<br />
p=.060<br />
p=0.324<br />
p=.066<br />
p=0.418<br />
66<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
]bsm½
20 sarIu Gg; RBHsgÇ SCA<br />
21 GU‘ eGg GKÁnaykrg MoEYS<br />
22 G‘uk m:araDI Deputy PCS NAA<br />
23 sun sae)an Gnukariyal½y MoSVY<br />
24 Lan v:an;esg kariyal½ybec©keTs NCHADS<br />
25 ePaK suFar:a buKÁlik MoSVY<br />
26 lwm kal½y m®nþIbec©keTs NAA<br />
27 )an r:avuF ]bkarIkariyal½y MoSVY<br />
28 R)ak; sMeGg GñkykBt’man TVK<br />
29 Cin esdæa HIV/AIDS DPO UNICEF<br />
30 Sharon Wilkonson naykRbcaMRbeTs CARE<br />
31 eb:g cMNan buKÁlik CAMP<br />
32 R)ak; sa)an RbFanRkúmKaMRT CPN+<br />
33 GM sMeGOn GñkykBt’man K-Thmei News<br />
34 r:ay saNU GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI CEDE WVC<br />
35 Aurora Perez GñksMrbsMrYlRbcaMRbeTs Futures Group<br />
36 lwm vNѳ GñkbkERb Freelance<br />
37 Jolanda Van Westering m®nþIRKb;RKgKMerag UNICEF<br />
38 Bhurmi nayk CCMH<br />
39 Qin suFar:a nayk TPO<br />
RKÜsarfµI<br />
40 sux pan;Na GñksMrbsMrYlKMerag<br />
mitþsMLaj;<br />
41 sux supl RbFanRkúm HIV/AIDS<br />
42 sux pløa CMnYykarnaykRKb;RKgkmµviFI Mary Knoll<br />
68<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
43 jwk cnßa GñkRKb;RKg FHP HAGAR<br />
44 Valeria Perex GñksMrbsMrYl FHP HAGAR<br />
45 Prahn Dhanuk DD FHI<br />
46 Geeta Setni GñksMrbsMrYlRbcaMRbeTs UNAIDS<br />
47 R)aMg can;FI m®nþI FHI<br />
48 89076567895678 m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI<br />
HelpAge<br />
International<br />
49 jÜn suKn§Fa m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI AUSAID<br />
50 Katheryn Bennett m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI AUSAID<br />
51 can; FarI ED RACHA<br />
52 cug v:adar:a NPA-ARH/HIV UNFPA<br />
53 ePaK m:anI buKÁlikcuHtamshKmn_ Mary Knoll<br />
54 Ta pla GKÁnayk NAA<br />
55 can; GIun smaKm AUA<br />
56 ehg suxriT§I GñksMrbsMrYl CPN+<br />
57 sM m:ar:a m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI JICA<br />
58 Sayaka Murata tMNag Kamonohshi <strong>Project</strong><br />
59 sM samu:n GñksarBt’man AKP<br />
60 Lyn Mayson DD-OP SCA<br />
61 r½tñ dariT§ GñkykBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 5<br />
62 Ekv sMGul GñksarBt’man¼GñkykBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 5<br />
63 Rachel Stevenson citþviTURbwkSaeyabl;ÉkraCü ÉkraCü<br />
64 TI G‘uysug GñkykBt’man kaEstekaHsnþiPaB<br />
65 kUv suvNÑriT§ GñkykBt’man busþ×v iTüú FM 98<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
66 Nocolet Hutter m®nþIKaMRTkmµviFI DFID<br />
67 nU can;Fa m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI SCA<br />
68 Tit KImmuy GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI KHANA<br />
69 bUsUkul sarI GñkykBt’man (TVK) Rendezvou<br />
70 Kuy r½tñ karIft (TVK) Rendezvou<br />
71 suCata Ej:m GñkykBt’man (TVK) Rendezvou<br />
72 esA qn GñkRKb;RKgmUlniFismFm’ URC<br />
73 efag qar:an; naykrg )at;dMbg<br />
74 esam huglI RbFankariyal½ykumar ekaHkug<br />
75 Ca sarI GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI bnÞaymanC½y<br />
76 PYn siTi§ RbFankariyal½ykumar )at;dMbg<br />
77 sat siTi§ RbFankariyal½ykumar kNþal<br />
78 eGg Kwmnag naykEpñkkic©karnarI ekaHkug<br />
79 sux suFarI naykEpñkkic©karnarI ekaHkug<br />
80 Kwm rin PHD/PAS eBaFisat;<br />
81 Bin sav:at naykrg ekaHkug<br />
82 G‘u¿ suxn nayk taEkv<br />
83 suIm can;bUrINa nayk PH eBaFisat;<br />
84 kg suvNÑaa GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI eBaFisat;<br />
85 esam G‘munIr:a nayk taEkv<br />
86 jik saer:t nayk eBaFisat;<br />
87 san van;DIy:a nayk PC taEkv<br />
88 Kg; sMesOn RbFankariyal½y bnÞaymanC½y<br />
70<br />
plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_<br />
eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm
89 Gu‘g Pirmü naykrg bnÞaymanC½y<br />
90 Tim sun naykrg taEkv<br />
91 sYn bUnit RbFanmnÞIr eBaFisat;<br />
92 TI mInIvNÑsaevt nayk NPC )at;dMbg<br />
93 eLg emarIPaB RbFankariyal½ysuxaPi)al RksYgkic©karnarI<br />
94 sun sae)an GnuRbFankariyal½y RksYgkic©karnarI<br />
95 Kwm saj; GnuRbFankariyal½y RksYgGb;rM yuvCn<br />
nigkILa<br />
96 hg; lINa GnuRbFannaykdæan MoP<br />
97 eLg suxarmµ GnuRbFannaykdæan RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT<br />
98 can; sUriy× rdæelxaFika RksYgkic©karnarI<br />
99 Ca sMNag RbFannaykdæan RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT<br />
100 sux hg; Jain Hua Daily sarBt’man<br />
101 esog suKn§a GnuRbFankariyal½y RkúmRbwkSaCati<br />
102 can; suePOn GñksarBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 9<br />
103 m:an; kusIma GñksarBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 9<br />
104 lI eBjs‘un naykrg NCHADS<br />
105 Ekv bUer®nÞ GKÁnayk RksYg MoSVY<br />
106 em:A suvtþI RbFannaykdæansuxumalPaBkumar RksYg MoSVY<br />
107 TI ciRta naykRbcaMRbeTs <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong><br />
108 mut sInada CMnYykarrdæ)al <strong>POLICY</strong> <strong>Project</strong><br />
109 Candice Sainsbury TIRbwkSaRKb;RKgCan;x
Éksareyag<br />
Ainsworth, M. nig D. Filmer. {PaBRkIRk emeraKeGds_ nigkarGb;rMrbs;kumar} ³ CabBaðaeKaledA. Éksarkargar<br />
RsavRCaveKalneya)ayrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak elx 2885 ExkBaØa qñaM 2002.<br />
APN+ 2004. {karerIseGIgelICmWeGds_enAkñúgTVIbGasuI} Gacrk)antamry³ www.gnpplus. net/regions/asiaspac.html..<br />
FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI qñaM 2001. karvaytémøPaBRkIRktamEbbcUlrYm ³ RbeTskm
Mann et al., 1992. dkRsg;eday Smart, R. eKalneya)aysþIBI {kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH} ³ Rkbx½NÐsMrab;<br />
kareq
Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Koopman, C., Haigners, C., nig Davies, M. 1991. {karkat;bnßyTegVIrYmePTRbkbedayeRKaHfñak;<br />
énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamekµgCMTg;Edlrt;ecjBIpÞH} RBwtþib½Rtrbs;smaKmevCösa®sþGaemrik 266 1237-1241.<br />
UNAIDS.2003. {ÉksarEdl)aneFIVbc©úb,nñPaB sþIBIkarrIkraldalénCmWeGds_ qñaM 2003}.<br />
UNAIDS/UNICEF/USAID.2004. {kumarEdlCitrgeRKaH qñaM 2004 ³ r)aykarN_rYmKñamYy sþIBIkar):an;RbmaN<br />
kumarkMRBafµI nigRkbx½NÐskmµPaB}.<br />
snøwkBt’mansþIBIkarTb;sáat;karqøgrIkraldalrbs;GgÁkar UNAIDS/WHO - ÉksarEdl)aneFIVbc©úb,nñPaBqñaM 2004<br />
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