Full Document (Khmer) - POLICY Project

The

matika 

GarmÖkfa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> iii 

GkSrkat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> iv 

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> vi 

snÞanuRkm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> vii 

xøwmsarsegçbRbtibtþi>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ix 

CMBUk 1 ³ esckþIepþIm nigviFIsa®sþ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>1 

esckþIepþIm>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 3 

karerobcMkarsikSaRsavRCav>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>6 

kareRCIserIsGñkeqøIysMNYr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 7 

karerobcMmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg;tamEbbKuNPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 8 

karBinitüRkmsIlFm’ nigPaBsmat;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>8 

karsmÖasn_ebIkcMh>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9 

karviPaKsßiti>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 9 

EdnkMNt;énkarsikSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>9 

CMBUk 2 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 11 

lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>13 

smasPaBRKÜsar >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 13 

savtarénkarGb;rM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>14 

suxPaBrbs;GaNaBüa)al >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>15 

plb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIRKÜsar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16 

rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefr>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 16 

rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmERbRbÜl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 17 

lT§PaBTTYl)ankarEfTaMsuxPaB>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 22 

rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmBak;kNþalERbRbÜl>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>22 

plb:HBal;EpñksgÁménemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25 

karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIsEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CmweGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 25 

karbeBa©jR)ab; nigkarerobcMEpnkarGnaKt>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 27 

plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

eTAelIRKÜsarEdlmanekµgCMTg; nigkumar enAkñúgRbeTskm

GnþraKmn_nanasMrab;GaNaBüa)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 29 

lT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWWeGds_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32 

karBiPakSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>32 

CMBUk 3 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>35 

lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37 

TMnak;TMngrvagkumar¼GaNaBüa)al>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 37 

sßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38 

GaharUbtßmÖ>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 38 

karGb;rM >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 39 

karERbRbÜleTAelITMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgRKÜsar nigkargar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 40 

karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 42 

KuNPaBCIvit>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 42 

KuNPaBCIvitEdlraykarN_edaykumar>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 43 

KuNPaBCIvitEdlraykarN_edayekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 44 

GnþraKmn_sMrab;ekµgCMTg;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 45 

karBiPakSa>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>47 

CMBUk 4 ³ karsnñidæanrYm nigGnusasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>51 

CMhanbnÞab;>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54 

esckþIsnñidæantMrg;TisGnusasn_>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 54 

karbegáItRkbx½NÐsMrab;skmµPaBeKalneya)ay>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 55 

Gnusasn_ edIm,IedaHRsayGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 57 

]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 62 

]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>63 

]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>65 

]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>66 

]bsm½>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> 67 

Éksareyag>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>72 

ii 



GarmÖkfa 

TnwÞmnwgkarekIneLIgnaeBlbc©úb,nñnUvcMnYnRKÜsar nigkumarEdlrgeRKaHedayemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTs 

km

GkSrkat; 

ADB 

AIDS 

AKP 

APN+ 

ARV 

AUA 

AUSAID 

CAS 

CBO 

CCMH 

CDRI 

CEDPA 

Community REACH 

CPN+ 

DFID 

DHS 

FHI 

GPS 

HIV 

ICC 

JICA 

KHANA 

MoEYS 

MOH 

MoP 

MoRD 

MoSVY 

MoWA 

FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI 

CmWeGds_ 

TIPñak;garsarBt’mankm

NAA 

NCHADS 

NGO 

NIS 

OVC 

PLHA 

PMTCT 

PPA 

PRSP 

PSI 

QOL 

RACHA 

RGC 

RTI 

SCA 

STI 

TPO 

TVK 

UNAIDS 

UNDP 

UNESCO 

UNFPA 

UNICEF 

UNGASS 

URC 

USAID 

VCCT 

WFP 

WHO 

WVC 

GaCJaFrCatiRbyuT§nwgCmWeGds_ 

mCÄmNÐlCatiRbyuT§nwgCmWeGds_ esIEs,k nigkameraK 

GgÁkareRkArdæaPi)al 

viTüasßansßitiCati 

kumarkMRBa nigkumarEdlgayrgeRKaH 

GñkmanemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

karTb;sáat;karcmøgBImþayeTAkUn 

karvaytémøPaBRkIRktamEbbcUlrYm 

ÉksarsþIBIyuT§sa®sþkat;bnßyPaBRkIRk 

GgÁkarGnþrCatibMerIsuxPaBRbCaCn 

KuNPaBCIvit 

sm

esckþIEføgGMNrKuN 

r)aykarN_enH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIgedayGgÁkar POLICY Project nigRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nigyuvnItism,Ta 

(MoSVY) sMrab;TIPñak;garshRbCaCatisMrab;karGPivDÆn_GnþrCati (USAID). 

eyIgsUmEføgnUvGMNrKuNcMeBaHsßab½nxageRkam sMrab;karpþl;nUvFnFannanakñúgkarerobcMkarsikSaRsavRCavenH 

dUcCa NAA, MOH, UNICEF, NCHADS/MOH, UNDP, UNESCO, KHANA, MOP/NIS, USAID, Wat Opot / GgÁkarédKUsb,úrsFm’ 

(Partners in Compassion), Care GnþrCati, PSI, Helen Keller Foundation, CAS, CPN+, GgÁkarTsSn³BiPBelak, GgÁkarmitþsMLaj;, 

FHI, TPO, FnaKarBiPBelak, FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI, Nyemo, CDRI, Community REACH, CEDPA, RTI nig Futures Group. 

eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHGaNaBüa)alkumar nigekµgCMTg;TaMgGs; Edl)anpþl;eBlevlarbs;xøÜnedaycitþ 

sm,úrsenAkñúgkarsikSaRsavRCavenH nigEckrMElknUvGarmµN_ nigbTBiesaFn_RbcaMCIvitrbs;xøÜn. eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuN 

pgEdr cMeBaHRkúmRbmUlTinñn½ymkBI CAS nig MoSVY RBmTaMg CPN+ enAkñúgTIRkúgPñMeBj GgÁkar KHANA nigsaxarbs;xøÜn 

enAkñúgextþ)at;dMbg nigGgÁkarédKUsb,úrsFm’enAkñúgextþtaEkv sMrab;kareFIVTMnak;TMngCamYyGñkcUlrYmkñúgkarsikSaenH. 

eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHbuKÁlxageRkam Edl)anpþl;nUvBt’mantbvijd¾mansar³sMxan;enAkñúgkarerobcMnUvBiFIsar 

RsavRCav nigmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg; dUcCa Joe Amon, Minki Chatterji, Leanne Dougherty, Nancy Murray nig Cameron Wolf. CagenH 

eTAeTot eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNcMeBaHkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;Gñk Edl)anBinitüeLIgvijnUvr)aykarN_enH nigEdl)anpþl; 

Bt’mantbd¾mansar³sMxan; dUcCa Jane Bgala, Deborah Bickel, Sok Bunna, Harry Cross, Anne Eckman, Jay Gribble, Gayle Martin, Bill 

McGreevey, Candice Sainsbury, Suneeta Sharma, Carol Shepherd, Linda Sussman, Mark White, Bill Windfrey nig Felicity Young. 

eyIgsUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaH Amy Gwilliam sMrab;karEksRmÜlnUvr)aykarN_enH nig Veronica Padberg sMrab;kargar 

rcnaRkahVik. 

eyIgk¾sUmEføgGMNrKuNpgEdrcMeBaHGgÁkar CARE km

snÞanuRkm 

RKÜsarkrNIKMrU ³ CaRKÜsarmYyEdlmanGaNaBüa)alCamnusSeBjv½yy:agticmñak; nigEdlkMBugrs;enACamYyemraK 

eGds_¼CmWWeGds_ nigmankUnmYyy:agtic ¬Gayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM¦ nig¼b¤kUnv½yCMTg; ¬Gayucab;BI 13-18 qñaM¦. 

RKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob ³ CaRKÜsarEdlrbs;rs;enACitbMputnwgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ¬{GñkCitxagenACitpÞHbMput}¦ EdlmanGaNaBüa)al 

CamnusSeBjv½y nigmankUnmYyy:agtic ¬Gayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM¦ nig¼b¤kUnv½yCMTg; ¬Gayucab;BI 13-18 qñaM¦. 

karerIseGIg ³ Gakb,kiriyaEbgEckPaBxusKñaeTAelImnusSEdlRtÚveKRbRBwtþcMeBaHxøÜny:agGyutþiFm’ b¤minRtwmRtÚv edayEp¥k 

elImUldæanénPaBCasmaCikrbs;xøÜn b¤RtÚv)aneKyl;faCasmaCikrbs;RkúmCak;lak;NamYy. 

GaNaBüa)al ³ CamnusSeBjv½yenAkñúgRKÜsar - GñkEdlGac b¤minGacCa«Buk b¤mþaybegáIt - Edlpþl;karEfTaMbzmdl; 

kumar nigCajwkjab;dl;smaCikRKÜsardéTepSgeTot. 

RKÜsar ³ niymn½yRKÜsarsMrab;karsikSaenH RtÚv)andkRsg;ecjBIr)aykarN_ DHS km

ExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk ³ cMnYnénR)ak;cMNUlkñúgry³eBlCak;lak;mYy ¬qñaM Ex b¤éf¦RbsinebIKµancMNUlTaMgenHeT buKÁlmñak; 

¬b¤RKÜsar¦ RtÚv)ancat;Tukfa {RkIRk}. cMnYnenH RtÚv)ankMNt;edayTMnij nigesvaEdlRtÚvkarCa {Gb,brma}sMrab;karrs;ran 

manCIvit edayEp¥keTAelItémøsac;R)ak;kñúgkareRbIR)as;famBlcMnYn 2>100 kaLÚrI nigRbUetGuIn 58 RkamkñúgmYyéf nigpþl; 

nUvsMPar³CamUldæan dUcCasMelokbMBak; nigkEnøgsñak;enA ¬FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuIqñaM 2001¦. 

KuNPaBCIvit ³ eKalKMnitrbs;mnusSmñak;²cMeBaHCMhrrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgCIvit kñúgbribTRbB½n§vb,Fm’EdleKrs;enA nigKuNtémø 

énvb,Fm’enaH RBmTaMgTak;TineTAnwgTisedA karrMBwgTuk bTdæan nigkarRBÜy)armÖrbs;eK ¬Rkúm WHOQOL qñaM1994¦. 

karmak;gay ³ dMeNIrkarsgÁm b¤bTBiesaFn_pÞal;xøÜnEdlBak;B½n§ Edlbgðajtamry³karpat;ecj karbdiesF karsþIbenÞas 

b¤karbnÞabtémø EdlbNþalmkBIkarvinicä½yd¾GaRkk;rbs;sgÁmeTAelIbuKÁlmñak; b¤RkúmNamYy. eKGacCYbRbTHnUvkar 

mak;gayenHtamBIrrebobepSg²Kña ³ {karmak;gayxagpøÚvGarmµN_} ¬karmak;gayxagkñúg¦ sMedAdl;PaBGamasEdlBak;B½n§ 

eTAnwgCmW nigkarP½yxøacGMBIkarerIseGIgmkelIxøÜn ehIyrebobmYyepSgeTot KW {karmak;gayGakar³} ¬karmak;gay 

xageRkA¦ sMedAdl;karCYbRbTHnUvkarerIseGIg. 

vtþGaram ³ viharBuT§sasna ehIyCajwkjab;skmµPaBsMxan;²nanaenAkñúgshKmn_ RtÚv)anerobcMeLIgedayRBHsgÇ. 

viii 



xøwmsarsegçbRbtibtþi 

RbeTskm100 nak; enAkñúgRbeTskm000 nak; )anqøgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. kñúgkareqøIytbeTAnwgkarrIkraldal 

enH m©as;CMnYy GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay nigGñkerobcMkmµviFI manBt’manCak;lak;enAkñúgRbeTssþÜcesþIgbMput Bak;B½n§eTA 

plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigRbsiT§iPaBénGnþraKmn_ EdlraraMgdl;smtßPaBrbs;BYkeKkñúgkareFIVesckþIsMerc 

GMBIkarEbgEckFnFan nigkarerobcMkmµviFI. edIm,IeqøIytbeTAnwgkgVHTinñn½yenH raCrdæaPi)alkm mancMnYn®sþIemm:ayy:ageRcInenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob¦. 

GaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob manlkçN³RsedogKñaTak;TineTAnwgkMritGb;rM cMnYnkUnenAkñúgRKÜsar 

niglkçN³RKÜsar ¬dUcCa RbPBTwk RbePTRbB½n§Gnam½y RbPB FnFancMGinmðÚb niglT§PaBTTYlGKÁisnI¦. PaBBitEdlfa 

RkúmTaMgenHmanlkçN³RsedogKñaenAelIsYcnakr efr bgðajfa RkúmTaMgenHFøab;mansßanPaBesdækic© sgÁmdUcKña. 



eTaHbICamanPaBRsedogKñaenAelIsYcnakrEdlbgðajBIPaBminERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlmYy ¬efr¦ k¾eday k¾Tinñn½yenH 

)anbgðajBIPaBxusKñarvagRkúmRKÜsarcMnYnBIrenAelIsYcnakrpgEdr Edlfa TMngCanwgmankarERbRbÜly:agqab;rh½skñúg 

ry³eBlmYy ¬Bak;kNþalERbRbÜl nigERbRbÜl¦ EdleqøIytbeTAnwgkarb:HTgÁicpøÚvcitþeTAelIRKÜsar. RKÜsarkrNIKMrU 

mancMNUlTabCag karcMNayminEmnsuxPaBticCagcMNayelIsuxPaB nigmanRTBüsm,tþiRKÜsarticCagRkúmRKÜsar 

EdlminmanpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. Tinñn½yenHrYmbBa©Úl KñabgðajfaRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ bc©úb,nñenH 

manPaBRkIRkCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob nigfa RkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobtMNag[RkúmkrNIKMrU krNIminmanemeraKeGds_¼ 

CmWeGds_. kareFIVetsþbEnßmeTot )anbBaöak;fa karpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWCaktþamYyd¾sMxan;kñúgkarrYmcMENkdl;kar)at;bg; 

R)ak;cMNUlRKÜsar. manPsþútagbBaöak; pgEdrfakñúgkaredaHRsaynwgdMeNIrrbs;xøÜn GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_TMng Cakat;bnßykarcMNayminEmnsuxPaB x©IR)ak;eK niglk;RTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn edIm,Ibg;éføcMNayEdlTak;Tg 

eTAnwgsuxPaBrbs;eK nigkñúgkarbgðajBIkarekIneLIgnUvbnÞúk nig»kascMNayeTAelIkUnCakumar nigCaekµgCMTg; 

Edlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_. 

karsikSabBaöak;GHGagfa karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg CH\T§iBly:agxøaMgeTAelIbuKÁlEdlrs;enACamYyGñk 

EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTskm

lT§pld¾TUlMTUlay nigTMhMKMrUd¾FMénkarsikSaenH pþl;nUvrUbPaBkan;Etc,as;GMBIrebobEdlemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

b:HBal;dl;smaCikRKÜsarenAkñúgRbeTskm

c©úb,nñ. cugbBa©b; Gnusasn_Cak;lak;bEnßmeTot elIkeLIgGMBIvis½yGaTiPaBcMnYn 5 kñúgkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumar 

EdlgayrgeRKaH eBal KWkarCYysMralEpñkesdækic©cMeBaHkarcMNayeTAelIkarBüa)al karKaMRTes,ógGahar karGb;rM 

EpnkarerobcMGnaKt nigkarKaMRTxagcitþsgÁm. 

CMhandMbUgEdlRtÚv)aneFIVeLIgCalT§plénr)aykarN_enH KWkarbegáItnUvRkúmbEg¥k OVC mYy eRkayBIkarpSBVpSay 

CabzmGMBIkarvaytémøeTAelIplb:HBal;enH. eTaHbIy:agenHkþI edIm,IeGayRkúmenHGacCH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkarbegáIt 

eKalneya)ayrbs;km kMNt;vaküs½BÞ {kumarkMRBa} nig {PaBgayrgeRKaH} nigkMNt;nUvkumar nigekµgCMTg;EdlgayrgeRKaHbMput. 

2> BRgIkbEnßmnUvRkúmbEg¥k OVC bc©úb,nñ nigbegáItGaNtþimYy edIm,IeFIVeGaymankarGPivDÆn_nUveKalneya)ay 

nigkarpøas;bþÚrc,ab;. 

3> BinitüeLIgvijnUveKalneya)ay nigc,ab;EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarEfTaM nigKaMRTsMrab;kumarkMRBa nigkumargay 

rgeRKaH. 

4> erobcMeKalneya)ayCati OVC nigEpnkarskmµPaBCatiCayuT§sa®sþ. 

5> Fanafa lT§plEdlmkBIkarsikSaRsavRCavenH nigkarvaytémøplb:HBal;déTeTot CH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkar 

Epnkar nigkareFIVesckþIsMerckñúgkarEbgEckFnFan. 

6> sMrbsMrYlrebobGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputrbs;GgÁkar NGOs kñúgkarpþl;karKaMRTdl;RKÜsarEdlmankUngayrgeRKaH. 

7> TTYlmUlniFisMrab;RkúmbEg¥k OVC. 

Gnusasn_TIBIr maneKalbMNgepþatelIkarEklMG nigkarsMrbsMrYlkic©xitxMRbwgERbgrbs;GgÁkarnana EdlkMBugbnþ 

pþl;esvadl;kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaHenAkñúgRbeTskm BRgwglT§PaBTTYl)ankarEfTaMsuxPaB edIm,Ikat;bnßyplb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©sgÁm 

2> BRgwgkarpþl;CMnYyes,ógGaharsMrab;kumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput 

3> BRgwglT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM 

4> BRgwgkarerobcMEpnkarGnaKt 

5> eqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtÚvkarxagcitþsgÁmrbs;kumar. 

CMBUk 4 erobrab;lMGitBak;B½n§eTAnwgkarpþl;Gnusasn_TaMgenH. 

xii 



CMBUk 1 ³ esckþIepþIm 

nigviFIsa®sþ

esckþIepþIm nigviFIsa®sþ 

esckIþepIþm 

karrIkraldalénemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ kMBugeFIVkarKMramkMEhgy:agxøaMgdl;GayuCIvitrbs;RKÜsarCaeRcInenATUTaMg 

BiPBelak ehIyCalT§pl kumar nigekµgCMTg;rab;lannak;)ankøayCakumarkMRBa b¤gayrgeRKaHénCmWWenH. 

enAkñúgTVIbGasuI RbeTskm100 nak; EdlmancMnYnRbmaN 2/6° énRbCaCnEdlmanGayucenøaHBI 15 eTA 49 qñaM ¬GgÁkar 

UNAIDS qñaM 2003¦ enAkñúgRbeTskm

CmWeGds_ Gacmanplb:HBal;CaGviCömanCaeRcIneTAelIGakb,kiriyaEsVgrkkarBinitüemIlemeraKeGds_ qnÞ³beBa©j 

R)ab;GMBIsßanPaBCmWeGds_ Gakb,kiriyaEsVgrkkarEfTaMsuxPaB KuNPaBénkarEfTaMsuxPaB nigkarTTYl)annUvkarKaMRT 

xagsgÁm (Gilborn et al., 2001). Cajwkjab; kumarkøayCaCnrgeRKaHénkarGamas nigkarerIseGIg enAeBlEdleKdwgfa 

GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeKkMBugrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ EdlkarN_enH GacraraMgdl;karsikSaCaGcié®nþy_rbs; 

kumar b¤dl;karcUlrYmkñúgskmµPaBkMsanþepSg² (Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000). 

GaTiPaBmYykñúgcMeNamGaTiPaBTaMgbYnkñúgkarelIkkMBs;siT§i nigsuxumalPaBrbs;kumarrbs;raCrdæaPi)alkm

TaMgenH. edayEp¥kelIPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;RKÜsar RKÜsarxøHsißtkñúgsßanPaBdundabCagRKÜsardéTeTot kñúgkaredaHRsay 

plb:HBal;EdlbegáIteLIgedayemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ (Cohen, 1998) ehIykareqøIytbNamYynwgqøúHbBa©aMgGMBIesckþI 

RtÚvkarepSg²TaMgenH. 

EpnkarCayuT§sa®sþrbs;GgÁkar USAID enAkñúgRbeTskm

karerobcMkarsikSa 

The POLICY Project )anerobcMkarsikSaenHeLIg edayshkarCamYynwgsmaCiksgÁmsuIvil raCrdæaPi)alkm

karsikSaenH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,Ipþl;Cakarvaytémøplb:HBal;eKal EdlGacmanskþanuBltamdanbnþ 

mUlniFibEnßm. GgÁkar The POLICY Project nig MoSVY GactamdankumarTaMgenH RKb;dMNak;kalepSg²Kña 

nUvCmWWrbs;GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeK edIm,IkMNt;BIrebobEdlesckþIRtÚvkar nigynþkaredaHRsayERbRbÜlenAkñúg 

ry³eBlmYy. 

karsikSaenH )anvas;EvgnUvKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg; - sYcnakr EdlGacbgðajfamanGtßRbeyaCn_ 

kñúgkarvaytémøplb:HBal;énGnþraKmn_EdlRtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IQaneGaydl;RkúmeKaledAenH. 

RkúmRsavRCav)aneFIVkarsmÖas_ebIkcMh nig)aneRbIR)as;Bt’mantamEbbKuNPaBenH edIm,IbMeBajbEnßmnUv 

Tinñn½ytamEbbKuNPaB. TMrg;karenH)anCYysMrl;karEsVgyl;nUvbTBiesaFn_rbs;RKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_¼CmWeGds_. 

karsikSaenH)anCYydl;m©as;CMnYy GñkeFIVeKalneya)aykñúgkarkMNt;nUvGnþraKmn_ EdlmanRsab;naeBlbc©úb,nñ 

enH GtßRbeyaCn_énGnþraKmn_cMeBaHRKÜsar nignUvesckþIRtÚvkarepSgeTot rbs;RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼ 

CmWWeGds_. Bt’manenHnwgCYydl;GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay m©as;CMnYy nigGñkRKb;RKgkmµviFIkñúgkarkMNt;GaTiPaB 

kareqøIytbkñúgkarkat;bnßyrbs;BYkeK sMrab;GñkEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_enAkñúgRbeTskm

sMrab;RKÜsarkrNIKMrUnImYy² Edl)ancuHeTAdl;RKÜsareRbóbeFobmYy RtÚv)aneRCIserIsenAeBleFIVkarsmÖasn_ 

ehIykarsmÖasn_tamkar {pÁÚrpÁg} énRKÜsarTaMgBIr RtÚv)aneFIVeLIgkñúgeBldMNalKñaenaHEdr. enAkñúgRKÜsarnImYy² 

GaNaBüa)al nigkumarmñak; nig¼b¤ekµgCMTg;mñak; RtÚv)ansmÖasn_. edIm,IeFIVkareRCIserIskumarmñak; b¤ekµgCMTg;mñak; mkeFIVkar 

smÖasn_eQµaHrbs;BYkeKnImYy² RtÚv)anTTYl nigeRCIserIsRBav²ecjBIRKÜsarnImYy². kic©xitxMRbwgERbgCaeRcIn 

RtÚv)aneFIVeLIg kñúgeKalbMNgrkSanUvPaBsmat;énBt’manrbs;mnusSeBjv½yEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ dUecñHsMNYrnanaEdl 

Tak;TineTAnwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ minRtÚv)ansYreTAGñkepSg eRkAEteTAelImnusSeBjv½yEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrUb:ueNÑaH ¬sMNYrTaMgenH RtÚv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgEpñkedayELkénkarvas;sÞg;enH EdlRtÚv)anpþl;CUn 

dl;GaNaBüa)alenAkñúgkrNIKMrU¦. enAcugbBa©b;énkarsmÖasn_nImYy² RKÜsarEdl)ancUlrYmRtÚv)anpþl;CUnnUvkar]btßmÖ 

CaGahar nigsMPar³pÁt;pÁg;enAkñúgRKÜsar edIm,ICakarsMEdgnUvGMNrKuNsMrab;eBlevlarbs;xøÜncUlrYmenAkñúgkarsikSaenH. 

karerobcMmeFüa)ayvas;sÞg;tamEbbKuNPaB 

Tinñn½ynanaRtÚv)anRbmUl edayeRbIkarvas;sÞg;tTl;EdleFIVeLIgedayGñkeFIVsmÖasn_ nigRtÚv)anerobcMeLIgeday 

eRbInUvsMNYrmunkareFIVetsþCaeRcIn EdlRtÚv)ancgRkgeday FHI, HORIZONS nig Community REACH. karsÞg;mtienH 

RtÚv)ancgRkgeLIgCaPasaGg;eKøs EdlRtÚv)anbkERbeTACaPasaExµr nigbkeTACaPasaGg;eKøsvij RBmTaMgRtÚv)an 

BiPakSa nigBinitüeLIgvijedayRkúmRsavRCav nigkareFIVetsþsakl,g. ral;karENnaM nigkarBnül;bkRsayénsMNYr 

TaMgGs; RtÚv)andak;bBa©ÚleTAkñúgkUnesovePAENnaMrbs;GñkeFIVsmÖasn_. karvas;sÞg;mnusSeBjv½y rYmbBa©ÚlnUvBt’man 

dUcteTA ³ sßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm ¬EdlrYmmanR)ak;cMNUl cMNay sßanPaBkargar nigkmµsiT§ikan;kab;RTBüsm,tþiRKÜsar¦ 

ynþkaredaHRsaykarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgEdl)anqøgkat; niglT§PaBTTYl)an nigesckþIRtÚvkarGnþraKmn_. 

karsÞg;mtiekµgCMTg; nigkumar rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgkarcuHeQµaHcUleron sßanPaBkargar TMnYlxusRtÚvRKÜsar GaharUbtßmÖ 

sßanPaBsuxPaB nigKuNPaBCIvit ¬EdlrYmbBa©ÚlTaMgKMrUénsuxumalPaBpøÚvkay nigpøÚvcitþ kareKarBxøÜnÉg RKÜsar 

TMnak;TMngsgÁm sala nigsuxPaB¦. KMrUbEnßmmYyeTotsMrab;ekµgCMTg; rYmbBa©ÚlnUvlT§PaBTTYl)an nigesckþIRtÚvkar 

bc©úb,nñnUvkarKaMRT nigesvanana. ¬sUmemIl]bsm½

GaNaBüa)al ekµgCMTg; nigkumar. GñkRbmUlTinñn½ymanbTBiesaFn_CaeRcInkñúgkareFIVsmÖasn_RKÜsarnana enAkñúgRbeTs 

km

kareRCIserIsRkúm PLHAs edayGgÁkar NGOs k¾mann½yfa karsikSaenH)aneRCIserIsKMrURKÜsar EdlmansmaCikpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_enArs;mancMnYnx

CMBUk 2 ³ plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar

plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼ 

CmWeGds_eTAelIGaNaBüa)al nigRKÜsar 

lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm 

smasPaBRKÜsar 

dU 

c)anbgðajkñúgtarag 1 GñkeqøIysMNYrPaKeRcInEdl)ancUlrYmenAkñúgkarsikSaenH KWCa®sþI. PaBCaemm:ayeBaHm:aymankMritx

tarag 1 ³ savtarRbCasa®sþsgÁménGñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y nigRKÜsar rvagkrNIKMrU nigkrNIeRbóbeFob 

krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan; 

ePTrbs;GñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y ®sþI 77°¼burs 23° ®sþI 81°¼burs 19° P=.131 

erobkar 33° erobkar 79/6° 

sßanPaBGaBah_BiBah_rbs; 

GñkeqøIysMNYreBjv½y 

59/6° 

¬emm:ay-55/6° + 

eBaHm:ay 4°¦ 

14/4° 

¬emm:ay 14° + 

eBaHm:ay 0/4°¦ 

enAlIv¼ElglH¼ 

enAEbkKña 7>4° 

enAlIv¼ElglH¼ 

enAEbkKña 6° 

P

v ieyaKkmµ ¬kardak;edayELkBIKña¦ nUvTinñn½ytamePT)anbgðajfa karsikSarbs;®sþImankMritTabCagburs 

KYreGaykt;sMKal;TaMgenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU (P

plb:HBal;Epñkesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eTAelIRKÜsar 

bBaðaRbQmmYykñúgcMeNambBaðaRbQmFMbMputCaeRcInénkarsikSaEpñksgÁmesdækic© EdleFVIkarvas;EvgelIpl 

b:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ KWkarEbgEckrvagehtu nigbc©½y. edIm,IedaHRsaybBaðaRbQmxagelIkarsikSaenH 

)anEbgEcklkçN³esdækic©sgÁmRKÜsareTACa 3 RkúmcMbg² ³ efr ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl. karEbgEckCaRkúmenH 

pþl;nUvRkbx½NÐeBlmYykñúgkarbkRsaynUvkarERbRbÜlnana eTAelIsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm. ]TahrN_ RbsinebIRkúmTaMgBIr 

manlkçN³savtarRsedogKña EdlminTMngCaERbRbÜl ¬efr¦ b:uEnþmanPaBxusKñaelIsYcnakr EdlERbRbÜly:agqab;rh½s 

¬ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl¦ enaHvaTMngfa RkúmTaMgBIFøab;mansßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmdYUcKña ehIykarN_enHeFVIeGay 

BYkeKkan;EtRkIRkeTA². RbePTTaMgenH RtÚv)anBiBN’nadUcxageRkam ³ 

rgVas;efrénsßanPaBsgÁmesdækic© rYmbBa©ÚlTaMgrgVas;nana EdleKrMBwgfa enAefrdEdlsMrab;ry³eBlEvg 

nigedIrtYnaTICasYcnakrénkMritCIvPaBd¾TUlMTUlay. lkçN³TaMgenH rYmmankMritvb,F’mrbs;GaNaBüa)al 

niglkçN³lMenAdæan dUcCa kMralGidæ nigdMbUl RbePTGnam½y nigRbPBTwk (Deaton nig Paxson, 1997). 

rgVas;TaMgenH RtÚv)aneRbIedIm,IbgðajBIsßanPaBsgÁmesdækic©enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtienAkñúgRbeTskm karekIneLIgnUvkarcMNayelIkarEfTaMsuxPaB¦. sYcnakresdækic©sgÁmRbePTenH k¾rYmbBa©Úl 

TaMgrgVas;RbeyalénsßanPaBkargar nigplitPaBkargarpgEdr ¬cMnYnem:ag nigéfeFIVkar¦. 

eKrMBwgfa lkçN³ERbRbÜlCakarERbRbÜldMbUgeK enAeBlEdlRKÜsarcab;epþImpÞúkemeraKeGds_. xN³eBlEdlpl 

b:HBal;kan;EtmanPaBFn;FrenaH RKÜsarnanaGaccab;epþImlk;RTBüsm,tþiEdlGachinehacy:aggay ¬Bak;kNþal 

ERbRbÜl¦. b:uEnþktþaERbRbÜlefr dUcCasMNg;lMenAdæan nigsavtarGb;rM KWminTMngCaERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlxøIenaHeT. 

rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefr 

dUc)ankt;sMKal;xagelIGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob minmanPaBxusEbøkKñaKYreGaykt;sMKal; 

enaHeT eTAelIsavtarGb;rM. enAeBlBinitüemIlrgVas;esdækic©sgÁmefrdéTeTot eyIgeXIjfa lkçN³RKÜsarrbs;RkúmTaMgBIr 

enH BuMmanPaBxusEbøkBIKñaenaHeT dUcCaRbPBTwkpwkenAkñúgrdUvR)aMg b¤vsSa b¤RbePTRbB½n§Gnam½y. RkúmTaMgBIrk¾min)an 

bgðajBIPaBxusEbøkKñaénlkçN³RKÜsar dUcCa GKÁisnI RbePT kMral RbePTdMbUl b¤RbePTFnFancMGinGahar. 

16 plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 


edaysarsYcnakrTaMgenH minTMngCaERbRbÜlenAkñúgry³eBlCak;lak;mYy PaBRsedogKñarvagRkúmkrNIKMrU nig 

eRbóbeFobbgðajfa RkúmTaMgBIrenHmanRbPBsavtaresdækic©sgÁmdUcKña. edaysarrgVas;efr RtÚv)aneRbóbeFobrvag 

RkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob enaHvaminTMngfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mansßanPaBRkIRkCagGñkEk,rxag 

rbs;eKeLIy muneBlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. dUecñHRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobedIrtYnaTICaGñktMNagd¾smRsbeGay 

lkçN³énRkúmkrNIKMrUkrNIKµanemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. 

rgVas;esdækic©sgÁmERbRbÜl 

GaNaBüa)alRtÚv)ansYrGMBIR)ak;cMNUlRKÜsarRbcaMExrbs;xøÜn karERbRbÜlR)ak;cMNUl nigkar)at;bg;R)ak;cMNUl 

edaysarCmW b¤mrNPaB. dUc)anbgðajkñúgdüaRkam 2 Rsab; R)ak;cMNUlRKÜsarRbcaMExbc©úb,nñ ¬kñúgmnusSmñak;²¦ 

rbs;RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWTabCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob 42° (P

karTTYlsÁal;faRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ rkR)ak;cMNUl)anticCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;BYkeK KWBitCa 

mansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúg b:uEnþcMNUlCamFümrbs;RkúmTaMgBIrenH mankMritTabCagExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRkCatienAkñúgRbeTs 

km000 )anbgðajfacMNUlmankarERbRbÜl 

CaGviCöman TnÞwmKñanwgvtþmanénkarpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;GñkEfTaM. R)ak;cMNUlk¾mankarERbRbÜlCaGviCömanpgEdr 

énkarrs;enATICnbT nigkarGb;rMTab nigmankarERbRbÜlCaviCömaneTAelITMhMRKÜsar. kMrit¼TMhMEdlktþaTaMgenH CH\T§iBl 

mkelIR)ak;cMNUl RtÚv)anBnül;dUcxageRkamCasmIkarfycuHCak;Esþg ³ 

I = $57.73 + $8.716 (X1) - $32.31(X2) - $40.68 (X3) - $18.38 (X4) 

I = cMNUlRKÜsar, X1 = TMhMRKÜsar, X2 = pÞúkemeraKeGds_ - sßanPaB, X3 = TItaMgCnbT, X4 = karGb;rMTab 

tarag 2 ³ GBaØatþiKNnacMNUlRKÜsar 

GaBaØtþiKNna B Sig. 

¬efr¦ 57.733 .000 

X1 TMhMRKÜsar 8.716 .000 

X2 pÞúkemeraKeGds_ -32.311 .000 

X3 TItaMgCnbT -40.684 .000 

X4 

karGb;rMTab 

¬kMritbzm b¤TabCag¦ 

GefrERbRbÜl ³ cMNUlRKÜsarKitCaduløarGaemrik R-square = .248 

B = GanuPaBénplb:HBal;eTAelIcMNUl dUc)anKNnatamkarfycuH 

-18.377 .000 

edIm,Iyl;kan;EtRbesIrnUvrebobEdlcMNUlRKÜsarrbs;GñkeqøIysMNYrERbRbÜlkñúgry³eBlmYy sMNYrCaeRcInRtÚv)an 

sYrGMBIkarERbRbÜlR)ak;cMNUlBImun². enAsYrfa etIR)ak;cMNUlrbs;BYkeK)anekIneLIg b¤fycuH b¤enAefrkalBIqñaMknøgput 

eTA 77° énRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ )anraykarN_GMBIkarFøak;cuH ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 54° énRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob 

(P

enAeBlRtÚv)ansYreGay):an;RbmaNBIcMNUlEdl)at;bg; edaysarCmWrbs;GñkeqøIy nig¼b¤ mrNPaBrbs;smaCik 

RKÜsarmñak; RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_ )anraykarN_fa )an)at;bg;cMNUlCamFümcMnYn 10/05 duløarGaemrik 

kñúgmYyEx. kar)at;bg;enH KWmankMritx

karb:HTgÁicpøÚvcitþmkelIRKÜsarGMBICmWEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_ b¤mrNPaB )aneFIV[cMNUlskþanuBlrbs; 

samaCikRKÜsarEdlenArs;mankarfycuHy:agxøaMg. vaTMngfacMNUlenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_nwgbnþfy 

cuHeTot CaBiesskñúgcMeNamGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ EdlminmanlT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWWeGds_. 

düaRkam 5 bgðajTaMgR)ak;cMNUl nigcMNayrbs;RKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob nigbgðajfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_manR)ak;cMNUlticCag b:uEnþkarcMNaymanGRtaRbhak;RbEhlKñaeTAnwgGñkEk,rxagrbs;eKEdr. ¬KµanPaBxusEbøkKña 

KYreGaykt;sMKal;rvagRkúmTaMgBIrenHeT cMeBaHkarcMNay¦. 

düaRkam 6 bgðajBIsmasPaBrcMNayrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH. eTaHbICamanPaBRsedogcMeBaHkarcMNayTUeTAk¾eday 

k¾vabgðajy:agc,as;fa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankarcMNayeRcInCagy:agxøaMgeTAelIsuxPaB 

nigtictYcbMputeTAelIkarcMNaynanaEdlminEmnsuxPaB ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgGñkEk,rxagenAkñúgRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFob 

(P

dUecñHvaTMngfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ GacRtÚv)anbgçMeGayrs;enAhYsBImeFüa)ayesdækic©rbs;xøÜn edayEtkar 

cMNayd¾Fn;Fr dUcCakarEfTaMsuxPaB nigBiFIbuNüsB. karN_)anelIkCasMNYrmYy GMBIrebobEdlRKÜsarEdlpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eqøIytbeTAnwgkarcMNayTaMgenH. GRtasnSMR)ak; RtÚv)anraykarN_fa mankMrittictYcbMputenAkñúg 

RkúmTaMgBIr b:uEnþvaTMngfaRKÜsarCaeRcInenAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIrenHkMBugcat;viFankarbMeBjbEnßmnUvcMNUl dUcEdlRKÜsarCaeRcIn 

)anraykarN_GMBIkarkat;bnßy nigkMNt;nUvkMritcMNay edIm,IykeTAbg;éføcMNayEdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgCmWrbs;xøÜn 

¬sUmemIltarag 3¦. b:uEnþRkúmkrNIKMrUTMngCax©IR)ak;eK nigkMNt;kMritcMNay eRcInCagRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFob. ]TahrN_ 

23° énRkúmkrNIKMrU)anraykarN_fa BYkeK)ankat;bnßykarcMNayeTAelIkarEfTaMsuxPaBrbs;smaCikRKÜsardéTeTot 

edIm,Ibg;éføBüa)alsuxPaBrbs;xøÜn ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 8°énRkúmkrNIKMrU. 

tarag 3 ³ yuT§sa®sþedaHRsaykñúgkarbg;éføBüa)alCmW nigbMeBjcMNUlbEnßm 

cMnYnRKÜsarEdlman ³ krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob sßiti cMNucsMxan; 

TijGaharticCagmun edIm,Ibg;éføBüa)al 69° 53° P

GRtad¾x

tarag 4 ³ PaKryRkúmEdlmanRTBüsm,tþiRKÜsarCakmµsiT§i rvagRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob 


TUrdak;exaGav 28/2° 44/8° P

tarag 5 ³ PaKryénGñkpþl;smÖasn_Edl)anlk;RTBüsm,tþiedIm,IykeTAbMeBjcMNUl 


)anlk;RTBüsm,tþiedIm,Ibg;éføEfTaMsuxPaB 66/6° 32/2° P

plb:HBal;EpñksgÁménemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIgEdlBak;B½n§nwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

eRkABIsYrsMNYrGMBIsßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm GñkeFIVsmÖasn_)ansaksYrBIkaryl;eXIjrbs;eKelIkarmak;gay nigkar 

erIseGIg. 93° énGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_)anniyayfa BYkeKmankarRBÜy)armÖy:agxøaMgGMBIkar 

erIseGIgrbs;mnusSmkelIrUbxøÜn enAeBlBYkeK)andwgBIsßanPaBrbs;xøÜnPøam. 79° énGaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_¼CmWeGds_)anyl;RsbkñúgkMritmYycMnYneTAelIesckþIEføgEdlfa {GñkR)akdCaTTYlnUvkarQWcab;cMeBaHRbtikmµrbs; 

mnusS enAeBleKdwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk}. ¬49/4° )anniyayfa BYkeKyl;RsbTaMgRsug ehIy 29/4 )anniyayfa 

BYkeKyl;RsbenAkMritmYycMnYn¦. 

eK)anraykarN_fa eRkayBI)andwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;BYkeKPøam BYkeKCajwkjab;manKMnit nigbMNgsMlab;xøÜn 

nigmanGarmµN_P½yxøacGMBIGIVEdlnwgekIteLIgcMeBaHkUnrbs;eK GnaKtrbs;BYkeK kUnEdlqøgCmW nigGMBIkarfycuHnUv 

sßanPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs;BYkeK. bTsmÖasn_k¾)anbgðajfaGarmµN_TaMgenH )anRsakRsanbnþic edaysarBYkeK)anTTYl 

karKaMRTBIRKÜsarnana nigGgÁkar NGOs. lT§plTaMgenH)anbgðajBIsar³sMxan;kñúgkarpþl;CMnYyKaMRTdl;buKÁl RKÜsar 

nigshKmn_EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. xageRkamenH KWCakardkRsg;sMdIrbs;®sþImñak; Edlerobrab;GMBIGarmµN_rbs; 

xøÜn enAKat;)andwgCaelIkdMbUgGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜn. 

´mankarRBÜy)armÖy:agxøaMgGMBIkarrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_. ´júaMmin)an eKgBuMlk; ehIy´min 

GaceFIVGIV)anTaMgGs; eRkAEtBIyMehIyyMeTot edaykþIGs;sgÇwm. xYrk,al;rbs;´ KWv ilvl;Gs;ehIy 

KitGIVmineXIjeTenAeBlenaH. mþayrbs;´ nigbgb¥Únrbs;´ k¾xøacrGacMeBaHemeraKeGds_Edr 

b:uEnþBYkeKenAEtmkemIl nigelIkTwkcitþdl;´eGayxitxMRbwgrs;teTAeTot dUcEdl´)aneFIVcMeBaHGñk 

Ek,rxagrbs;´Edr CaBiess enAeBlNaEdl´QW. Gakb,kiriyad¾l¥TaMgenH eFIVeGay´mansgÇwm 

eLIgvij. 

®sþIemm:ayEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

sMNYrCak;lak;bEnßmeTot RtÚv)ansYrGMBIRbPBénkarerIseGIg dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkam 7. 18° )anniyayfa 

BYkeKRtÚv)aneKerIseGIgenAkñúgkMritmYycMnYn edaysmaCikRKÜsarrbs;xøÜn 39° )anniyayfa enAkMritmYycMnYn BYkeKRtÚv 

)anemIlgay nigminrab;rkBIsMNak;mitþPkþirbs;xøÜn ehIy 50° )anniyayfa enAkMritmYycMnYn BYkeKRtÚv)anemIlgay 

nigminrab;rkBIGñkEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn. karsmÖasn_ebIkcMhk¾)anbgðajBIPaBemIlgay nigkarminrab;rkBIsMNak;GñkEk,rxag 

eRcInCagRKÜsarCitsñiT§rbs;xøÜn fVIebIkarerIseGIgBIsmaCikRKÜsar RtÚv)ancat;TukfaCabBaðamYy CaBiesscMeBaH®sþIk¾eday. 



smamaRtrbs;®sþIEdl)anraykarN_GMBIkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg mankMritx

cab;BIdwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk GñkmanGarmµN_fa enAÉeka 

nigenAdac;qayBIBiPBelakenH 

enAeBlGñk)andwgGMBIsßanPaBrbs;Gñk GñkmankarRBÜy 

)armÖGMBImnusSEdlerIseGIgGñk 

sBVéfenH GñkRBÜy)armÖGMBImnusSEdlerIseGIgelIGñk 

edaysarGñkpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

®sþI ¬°¦ burs ¬°¦ srub P-témø cMNucsMxan; 

84/7 77/2 83 P=.039 * 

94/3 86/8 92/6 P=.251 * 

59/3 53/5 58 P=.279 * 

karsikSaenHbgðajfa karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg EdlTak;TineTAnwgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankarekIteLIgenA 

TUTaMgRbeTskm

CaCagBIPaKITIbI b:uEnþniyayfa GaNaBüa)alCaeRcInminmanbMNgBiPakSaGMBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_rbs;xøÜn nigerobcM 

EpnkarGnaKtenaHeT (Khmer HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000). eskþIRBageKalneya)aycMlas; enAkñúgqñaM 2004 rbs; 

MoSVY elIkeLIgfa GarmµN_TUeTAenAkñúgRbeTskm

GnþraKmn_nanasMrab;GaNaBüa)al 

TisedAénviFIsa®sþenH KWedIm,IkMNt;nUvfaetIGnþraKmn_NamYyEdlRKÜsarmanlT§PaBTTYl nigedIm,Iyl;eGay 

c,as;faetIGñkTTYlKitfaGnþraKmn_TaMgenH mansarRbeyaCn_ b¤Gt;. TisedAenHk¾)anCYykMNt;nUvGaTiPaBénesckþI 

RtÚvkarrbs;RKÜsar dUcmankMNt;edayGaNaBüa)al. edaysarRkúmkrNIKMrU RtÚv)aneRCIserIstamry³GgÁkarnana 

EdleFIVkarCamYybNþaj PLHAs PaKeRcInénRKÜsarkrNIKMrU ¬82°¦ )anTTYlGnþraKmn_mYyy:agtic 9 ehIyCamFüm BYkeK 

)anTTYlesva 4/3 RbePTepSg²Kña. pÞúyeTAvij manEt 18° énRkúmkrNIeRbóbeFobb:ueNÑaH )anTTYlGnþraKmn_nana 

edayCamFümRKÜsarenAkñúgRkúmkrNIenHTTYl)anesva 1/3 RbePTepSgKña . GIVEdlminmanlkçN³c,as;las;énTinñn½yenH 

KWkMritesvaEdlRtÚvepþateTAelI;RKÜsarkrNIKMrU BIeRBaHBYkeKCaRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ CaCagepþateKaledAedaysar 

BYkeKkan;EtRkIRkeTA². 

düaRkam 8 bgðajfa smamaRténRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_EdlTTYl)anesva manlkçN³RsbeTAnwg 

Tinñn½yEdlbgðajBIkMritEdlGñkeqøIyyl;faGnþraKmn_TaMgenH mansarRbeyaCn_. ¬KYrcgcaMfa karvaytémøTaMgenH min)an 

vas;EvgGMBITMhMénPaBGacmansarRbeyaCn_bEnßmeTotrbs;GnþraKmn_TaMgenHeT. ]TahrN_ CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBRtÚv)an 

raykarN_fa {mansarRbeyaCn_} b:uEnþmnusSCaeRcIn enAEtRtÚvecjluyehae):AxøÜnÉg enAeBlTTYlCMnYyKaMRTsuxPaB¦. 

GnþraKmn_cMnYn 3 d¾samBaØbMput Edl)anpþl;enAkñúgRkúmTaMgenH rYmmankarEfTaMtampÞH CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaB nigkarRbwkSa 

eyabl;. CarYm GaNaBüa)al)anvaytémøfaesvaTaMgenHmansarRbeyaCn_. cUrcgcaMfa GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_¼CmWeGds_ mansßanPaBFn;FrCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgsYcnakrEpñksgÁm nigesdækic©CaeRcIn. caM)ac;RtÚvdwgfa 

KmøatEdl)ankMNt;TMngCanwgmanTMhMFMCagmun RbsinebIKµanGnþraKmn_EdlBYkeKkMBugTTYl)aneTenaH. 

homecare 

medical assistance 

education assistance 

food assistance 

counselling 

income assistance 

vocational trai 

n n 

i g 

other 

9 GnþraKmn_enAkñúgkarsikSaenH RtÚv)ankMNt;CaCMnYyKaMRT b¤esvaNamYy Edlpþl;dl;RKÜsaredayGgÁkarnanaenAkñúgshKmn_ dUcCa 

CMnYyes,ógGahar karEfTaMtampÞH km©I CMnYYyEpñkGb;rM CMnYYyedaypþl;CafñaM¼karEfTaMsuxPaB. 



vak¾mansarRbeyaCn_Nas;Edrkñúgkarkt;sMKal;GMBIesvaTaMgLayNa EdlRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_PaKeRcIn 

minTTYl)annUvesva. ]TahrN_ ticCagBak;kNþalénRKÜsarkrNIKMrU )anTTYlnUvCMnYyKaMRTEpñkGb;rM. karviPaKbEnßmeTot 

)anbgðajeGayeXIjfa RbCaCnenAtamCnbT TMngCaTTYl)anCMnYyKaMRTEbbenHtictYcKYreGaykt;sMKal; 18° énRKÜsar 

enAtMbn;CnbT )anTTYlCMnYyKaMRTEpñkGb;rM ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 34° enAtMbn;TIRkúg ¬p

tarag 7 ³ kareFIVcMNat;fñak;GnþraKmn_sMxan;bMput 

esva krNIKMrU krNIeRbóbeFob 

CMnYyKaMRTEpñk»sf 1 3 

CMnYyes,ógGahar 2 2 

km©I 3 5 

CMnYYyEpñkGb;rM 4 1 

karbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³ 5 4 

karEfTaMtampÞH 6 6 

karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ 7 7 

epSg² 8 8 

GIVEdltarag 7 min)anbgðaj KWkMriténesckþIRtÚvkarénesva TaMgenH kñúgcMeNamGñkeqøIy nigrebob EdlRKÜsarTaMgenaH 

Gaccat;Ecgy:agl¥ edayBuMcaM)ac;manesvaTaMgenH. lT§plénkarsikSaenHelIkeLIgfa CamFümmanGaTiPaBeRcIn 

EfmeTot sMrab;CMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBkñúgcMeNamRKsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ edaysarmUlehtufa BYkeK)ancMNaynUvcMnYn 

d¾eRcInénkarcMNayrbs;BYkeKeTAelIkarEfTaMsuxPaB nigkMritnUvkarcMNayeTAelIesckþIRtÚvkarRKÜsardéTeTot. ebIKµan 

CMnYYyEpñkBüa)alEbbenHeTenaH BYkeKGacRtÚv)anCMrujeGayeFIVkarcMNaybEnßm ¬edaykarkMritcMNay lk;RTBüsm,tþi 

b¤x©IR)ak;eK¦ b¤minTTYlnUvCMnYyKaMRTsuxPaBEdlcaM)ac;nana. karcMNayelIkarBüa)al KWCakMlaMgclkrmYykñúgcMeNam 

kMlaMgclkrCaeRcIn EdlTMngbMputkñúgkarCMrujeGayRKÜsarnanars;enAeRkamExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk b¤eFIVeGayPaBRkIRk 

rbs;eKkan;EtFn;FreTA². enAkñúgbribTemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ vaRbEhlCaesckþIRtÚvkarbnÞan;d¾sMxan;bMput. enAkñúg 

brisßanmYy EdlFnFanmankMritenaH eKcaM)ac;RtÚveFIVkarenAkñúgshKmn_ edIm,IkMNt;nUvRKÜsarEdl)anTTYlesvanana 

rYcehIy nigRKÜsarEdlgayrgeRKaH EdlenAEtRtÚvkaresvaTaMgenH. edIm,IsMercnUvkic©karenH GñkBak;B½n§TaMgLaycaM)ac; 

RtÚvyl;dwgfa etIGnþraKmn_EbbNa GacRtÚv)anpþl;dl;shKmn_TUeTA nigGnþraKmn_EbbNa KYrepþateKaledAeTAelIGñk 

EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ edIm,IedaHRsaynUvesckþIRtÚvkarbnÞan; nigry³eBlEvgrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH. bBaðaenH 

RtÚv)anBiPakSabEnßmeTotenAkñúgEpñkGnusasn_ . 



lT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMRbqaMgCmWeGds_ 

eyageTAtamkarvas;sÞg;RKbdNþb;kalBIeBlfµI²bMputenH manEt 5° bu:eNÑaHénRbCaCn EdlRtÚvkarfñaMRbqaMg 

CmWeGds_naeBlbc©úb,nñ manlT§PaBTTYl)anfñaMTaMgenH (USAIDS et al., 2003). kñúgcMeNambNþajTaMgGs;rbs; PLHAs 

Edl)ansmÖaskareRbIR)as;fñaMRbqaMgCmWeGds_rbs;BYkeK mankMritx

BaðaRbQmmYykñúgbBaðaRbQmFMbMputénkarsikSacMruHEpñkenH KWPaBxusKñarvagehtu nigbc©½y. eTaHbICakar 

sikSaenH manlkçN³cMruHEpñkk¾eday k¾karsikSaenH)aneRbIviFIsa®sþmYy EdlbegáItnUvkaryl;dwgsuICMerAeTAelIRbvtþicMNUl 

nigpþl;nUvkaryl;dwgGMBIRbvtþisßanPaBesdækic©sgÁmpgEdr. karcat;CaRbePTénsYcnakr nigsMNYrd¾TUlMTUlayEdlRtÚv 

)aneRbI edIm,Iyl;c,as;nUvRBwtþikarN_mun² nigkarERbRbÜlR)ak;cMNUl eFIVeGayeyIgyl;kan;Etc,as;GMBIehtu nigbc©½yén 

PaBRkIRk nigemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. lT§plénkarsikSabgðajfabc©úb,nñenH RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWWeGds_ 

manCIvPaBRkIRkCagRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob k¾b:uEnþEp¥kelIPsþútagCaeRcIneKeCOCak;fa krNIenHminsuT§EtdUcKñaTaMgGs; 

enaHeT. dUecñHvaTMngfa emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )aneFIVeGayPaBRkIRkkan;EtFn;FreLIg². minRtwmEtfycuHnUvR)ak;cMNUl 

enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrUb:ueNÑaHeT ¬CalT§pléncMNUlEdl)at;bg;edaysarCmW nigkrNICaeRcInedaysarmrNPaBrbs;Gñk 

rkcMNUld¾cMbgenAkñúgRKÜsar¦ b:uEnþcMNUlEdlmanRsab;CaeRcIn RtÚv)anEbgEcksMrab;éføcMNayeTAelICmWW. mü:agvijeTot 

kñúgcMeNamRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GMNacrkR)ak;cMNUlmankarfycuH enAeBlEdlRKÜsarenaH )anbgçMcitþ 

eFIVkarcMNayeTAelICmWenH. ebIeTaHbICaRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFobmanCIvPaBRkIRkEdrk¾eday k¾b:uEnþkarcMNayrbs;BYkeK 

BuMmankMritx

Tinñn½yénkarsikSasþIBIPaBCakmµsiT§ielIRTBüsm,tþiRKÜsar nigmeFüa)ayedaHRsaybgðajfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )anlk;nUvRTBüsm,tþiTaMgGs;rbs;xøÜn edIm,ICameFüa)aymYykñúgkaredaHRsaykgVHhirBaØvtßú. 

cab;BIeBlEdlRKÜsarTaMgenH )anlk;nUvRTBüsm,tþirbs;xøÜn karN_enHbgðajfa BYkeK)anQancUldl;dMNak;kalcugeRkay 

énvibtþi. dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgkarvaytémøtamEbbcUlrYmrbs;km

CMBUk 3 ³ 

plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;

plb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼ 

CmWeGds_eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg; 

lkçN³RbCasa®sþsgÁm 

dU 

c)anbgðajenAkñúgCMBUk 2 RKÜsar enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob manlkçN³RsedogKña ebIniyayGMBIrgVas;efrén 

sßanPaBesdækic©sgÁm b:uEnþmanlkçN³xusKñaKYreGaykt;sMKal;Rtg;rgVas;ERbRbÜl nigBak;kNþalERbRbÜl. 

CMBUkxageRkamenH RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg edIm,IkMNt;nUvplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIsßanPaBrbs;kumar 

nigekµgCMTg;. 

TMnak;TMngrvagkumar¼GaNaBüa)al 

fIVebIkumar nigekµgCMTg; enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob RtÚv)aneRCIserIsecjBItMbn;EtmYykþI k¾manPaBxusKñaxag 

RbCasa®sþd¾KYreGaykt;sMKal;rvagRkúmTaMgBIrenHpgEdr. GRtaPaKryénkumarkMRBamankMritx

sßanPaBsuxPaBrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg; 

PaKeRcInénkumarenAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob RtÚv)anraykarN_famansuxPaBl¥. 98° énkumar nig 99° énekµg 

CMTg;)anraykarN_faeKmansuxPaBmFüm b¤elIsBImFüm ¬edayeRbImaRtdæan 5 BinÞú EdlmFümesµInwg 3¦. eKminrMBwgfa 

kumarCaeRcInEdlmanGayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM qøgemeraKeGds_BIGaNaBüa)al EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_rbs;BYkeK BIeRBaHkar 

vivDÆn_TUeTAénCmWkñúgcMeNamkumarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ KWfakumartictYcNas; EdlGacrs;enAdl;Gayu 6 qñaM. eyagtam 

PaBgayresIbénsMNYrGMBIkarvaytémøeRKaHfñak; ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIr GacRbQmmuxnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_ 

b:uEnþeKminGacvaytémøGMBIkMriténeRKaH EdlTak;TineTAnwgRkúmTaMgenHeT. b:uEnþenAeBlRtÚv)ansYrfaetIBYkeKFøab;QW 

Gs;ry³eBl 90 éf Edrb¤Gt; kalBIqñaMknøgeTA 93° énekµgCMTg;enAkñúgKMrUenH )anniyayfa eT EdlkarN_enHbgðajfa 

KµanPaBxusEbøkKñaeT eTAelIsßanPaBsuxPaBrvagRkúmTaMgBIrenH nigfaekµgCMTg;TaMgenH minTMngCamanpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

eLIy. ¬b:uEnþkarN_enH minEmncg;mann½yfakarRbQmeRKaHfñak;rbs;eKeTAnwgkarqøgemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ minman 

kMritx

vamansar³sMxan;Nas;Edldwgfa ebIeTaHbICakumarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GacTMngCadac;)ayk¾eday 

k¾RKÜsarenAkñúgKMrUenH )anraykarN_GMBIkgVHes,ógGaharEdr. eK)ansresrenAkñúgÉksarfa enAeBlmanvibtþiesdækic© 

RKÜsarPaKeRcInnwgkat;bnßykarcMNayelIkareRbIR)as;Gahar edIm,ICameFüa)aymYy kñúgkaredaHRsaybBaðakgVHR)ak;cMNUl 

(Donahue, 1998). karN_enHRtÚv)anbgðajfa BitR)akdEmn enAkñúgbTsmÖasn_CamYyGaNaBüa)al ehIy 69° énGñkeqøIy 

krNIKMrU nig 53° énGñkeqøIykrNIeRbóbeFob)anraykarN_fa RKÜsarrbs;xøÜn)anTijkñúgbrimaNticCagmun edIm,IykR)ak; 

eTAbg;elIkarEfTaMsuxPaB. 

karGb;rM 

enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtielIkumar nigekµgCMTg; eK)ansYrkumarfa etIBYkeKRtÚv)aneKcuHeQµaHeGaycUleron b¤eT. GRtacuHeQµaH 

cUleronkñúgcMeNamkumar RtÚv)anraykarN_famankMritx

kumarIGacCagayrgeRKaHCaBiesscMeBaHGvtþmanenAsala BIeRBaHenAkñúgRKÜsareKeGaytémørbs;kumarI RKan;EtCaGñk 

emIlEfTaMpÞHb:ueNÑaH. enAeBlmankarxVHxatfvika vaTMngCaCH\T§iBldl;karsikSarbs;kumara . Tinñn½ybgðajfa ekµgRsI 

CMTg;manGRtacuHeQµaHcUlsikSaTabCagekµgRbúsCMTg; TaMgenAkñúgRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob ³ 62° énekµgRsICMTg; nig 

72° énekµgRbúsCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU (p=.001) nig 67° énekµgRsICMTg; nig 79° énekµgRbúsCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIeRbóbeFob 

)ancuHeQµaHcUlsikSa (p=.001). Tinñn½yenHminbgðajfa emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ eFIVeGaymanKmøatEynD½rkan;EtFn;Fr 

eLIgenaHeT b¤Tinñn½yenH k¾minTMngCakMNt;fa etIsßanPaBrbs;kumarkMRBaeFIVeGaymanKmøatEynD½rxøaMg b¤Gt;enaHeT. b:uEnþ 

KmøatEynD½renAkñúgkarGb;rMkan;EtmanTMhMFMeLIg edaysarPaBRkIRkdUcEdlbgðajedaykarsikSacMruHRbeTs Edl)an 

eFIVeLIgedayFnaKarBiPBelak (Ainsworth nig Filmer, 2002). 

karERbRbÜleTAelITMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgRKÜsar nigkargar 

karsikSaCaeRcIn )anbgðajfaTMnYlxusRtÚv nigkic©karsMrab;kumar TaMgenAkñúg nigxageRkARKÜsar mankarekIneLIgCa 

KMhuk enAeBlGaNaBüa)almñak; b¤eRcInnak;Føak;xøÜnQW b¤søab; (Ainsworth nig Filmerk, 2002; NYEMO, 2002; nig Khmer 

HIV/AIDS NGO Alliance, 2000). enAkñúgkarsikSaenH kumar nigekµgCMTg;PaKeRcInenAkñúgRkúmTaMgBIr )anraykarN_fa 

BYkeKeFIVkic©karenAkñúgRKÜsar. TaMgRkúmkumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU minTMngCaeFIVkareRcInCagkrNIeRbóbeFobeT 

¬86° énkumarkrNIKMrU nig 85° énkumarkrNIeRbóbeFob ³ 97° énekµgCMTg;krNIKMrU nig 98° énekµgCMTg;krNI 

eRbóbeFob )anraykarN_fa BYkeK)aneFIVkic©karpÞH¦. eTaHCay:agenHkþI PaBxusKñaRtÚv)anKUsbBaöak;enAkñúgRbePTkic©kar 

Edl)aneFIV dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgdüaRkam 11 nig 12. 

eTaHbICaRkúmkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFobenAkñúgRkúmGayu manTMnYlxusRtÚvenAkñúgpÞHdUcKñamYycMnYnk¾eday k¾RkúmEdl 

rs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCaeFIVkic©karmYycMnYnKYreGaykt;sMKal;eRcInCagRkúmenAkñúgkrNI 

eRbóbeFob EdlCaTUeTA kic©karTaMgenHCabnÞúkrbs;GaNaBüa)alrbs;BYkeKenAkñúgRbeTskm

80% 

80% 

60% 

60% 

40% 

40% 

20% 

20% 

0% 

Cook 

Wash utensils 

Collect firewood 

Fetch water 

Farm, harvest, fish 

Clean, sweep 

Look after younger children 

Care for sick family members 

Case 

Comparison 

0% 

Cook 

Wash utensils 

Collect firewood 

Fetch water 

Farm, harvest, fish 

Clean, sweep 

Look after younger children 

Care for sick family members 

CakarsMxan;RtÚvkt;sMKal;fa enAkñúgRkúmGayunImYy²ExSbnÞat;TTYlxusRtÚvrvagekµgRbús nigekµgRsI)anbgðaj 

BIkarEbgEckEynD½ry:agc,as;. enAeBleKdak;ePTnImYy²edayELkBIKña Tinñn½yxagelIbgðajfa ekµgRsITMngCacMGin 

Gahar lagsMGatsMPar³pÞH)ay e)assMGatemIlEfTaMkumartUc² nigEfTaMsmaCikRKÜsarEdlmanCmW eRcInCagekµgRbús 

(p=.05). ekµgRbúsTMngRbmUlGus dgTwk daMduH RcÚtkat; nigensaT eRcInCagekµgRsI (p=.05). 

enAkñúgkarsÞg;mtienH eKk¾)ansYrkumar nigekµgCMTg;pgEdrfa etIBYkeKeFVIkarrkR)ak;cMNUl b¤Gt;Rbsin ebIeFVIkarEmn 

etImYyéfBYkeKeFVIkarb:unµanem:ag. 21° énkumarenAkµúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU)anraykarN_fa BYkeK)aneFVIkarrkR)ak;cMNUl 

ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwg 12° enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob (p

karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg 

dUc)anbgðajenAkñúgCMBYk 2 karmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg BitCa)anekItmancMeBaHbNþaj PLHAs enAkñúgRbeTs 

km

suxPaBCabzm nigsMrab;karkarBarkumarmineGaymankarrMelaPbMBan nigkareFVIGaCIvkmµelIkumar. b:uEnþmankarsikSa 

tictYcNas; Edl)aneRbIniymn½y b¤sYcnakr QOL kñúgkarvas;EvgvDÆnPaBenH. dUc)anerobrab;enAkñúg]bsm½

QOL Edl)anraykarN_edayekµgCMTg; 

düaRkam 14 bgðajGMBIPaBxusKñarvagekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigGñkEk,rxagrbs; 

BYkeK. krNIKMrUTTYl)anBinÞúticCagGñkEk,rxagrbs;BYkeKy:agxøaMgeTAelIKuNPaBCIvitTUeTA (p

lT§pl QOL bgðajfaTukçRBÜyEdlekIteLIgcMeBaHkumar nigekµgCMTg; EdlmanGaNaBüa)alpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

ekItmanmuneBlkarsøab;rbs;GaNaBüa)alrUbenaH. dUc)anerobrab;xagelIkumar nigekµgCMTg;CaeRcIn EdlRtÚv)aneRCIs 

CaKMrUenAkñúgsikSaenH KWenAEtkMBugrs;enACamYynwgbrisßanRKÜsarEbbRbéBNIdEdl ehIymanlT§plPaBTTYl)annUv 

sMNaj;suvtßiPaBénRKÜsarEdlrs;enACuMKña. b:uEnþenH BuMEmnCakrNImYy dUckrNIkumarEdlpÞúkemraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_enA 

km

tarag 9 ³ karcat;cMNat;fñak;énGnþraKmn_ EdleFIVeLIgedayekµgCMTg; 

GaBaØtþi B cMNucsMxan; 

karbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³¼karksagCMnaj 1 1 

karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ 2 2 

CMnYyes,ógGahar 3 3 

karGb;rMGMBIePT 4 4 

karbegáItR)ak;cMNUl 5 5 

epSgeTot 6 6 

ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob )anniyayfakarbNþúHbNþalviCöaCIv³ karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ 

nigCMnYyes,ógGahar KWCaesvacMnYnbIEdlmansarRbeyaCn_cMeBaHBYkeK dUcmanbgðajenAkñúgtarag 9 edayKµankar 

raykarN_GMBIPaBxusKñarvagRkúmkrNITaMgBIreT. karN_enH)aneFIVeGayeKGHGagkan;Etc,as;fa kumar nigekµgCMTg; 

Edlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ manesckþIRtÚvkarRsedogKñaeTAnwgkumar nigekµgCMTg;déTeTotEdr 

enAkñúgshKmn_rbs;xøÜn. PaBBitEdlfa ekµgCMTg;TaMgGs; )ancat;Tukfa karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ CaGnþraKmn_mYy 

kñúgcMeNamGnþraKmn_cMnYnbIsMxan;bMputenaHbgðajfa ekµgCMTg;GackMBugEtEsVgrkRckecjmYy edIm,IdMeNaHRsaybBaðapøÚv 

GarmµN_rbs;BYkeK. 

46 plb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 


karBiPakSa 

enAkñúgkarsikSaenH bTsmÖasn_CaeRcIn)ankMNt;nUvbnÞúknana mkelIkumar nigekµgCMTg; edaysarplb:HBal;én 

emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ nigynþkaredaHRsaybBaðaTaMgenH. ebIeTaHbICakumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ kMBugrs;enAkñúgbrisßanRKÜsarEbbRbéBNIk¾eday k¾BYkeKCaeRcIn)an)at;bg;GaNaBüa)almñak; 

y:agtic nigsßiteRkamkarEfTaMrbs;GaNaBüa)alEdlmanCmW b¤Citsøab;. CmWrbs;GaNaBüa)al PaBRkIRkrbs;RKÜsar 

nigkar)at;bg;GaNaBüa)almñak;y:agtic BitCa)anpøas;bþÚry:agxøaMgeTAelIlkçN³rbs;RKÜsarrbs;BYkeK. plb:HBal; 

énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ ekIteLIgeTAelIEpñkmYycMnYnEdlCan;Kña nigcMNuHeTAvijeTAmk (Dhaliwal nig Ellman, 2003) 

b:uEnþPsþútagBIkarsikSaenH bgðajfa kumarenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )an)at;bg;nUv»kas y:ageRcIn 

tamrUbPaBmYycMnYn ebIeRbóbeFobeTAnwgRKÜsarEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn. 

Tinñn½yEdlbgðajfa kumar nigekµgCMTg; enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCajúaMGaharticCag 

RkúmepSgeTot nigTTYlrgnUvkardac;)ayjwkjab;CagelIkeLIgfa RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ GackMNt;rbb 

Gaharrbs;smaCikRKÜsar edIm,ICameFüa)aymYykñúgkaredaHRsaynUvPaBFn;FrénsßanPaBhirBaØvtßúrbs;xøÜn. enAkñúgry³ 

eBlEvg karkMNt;rbbenHGacKMramkMEhgdl;suxPaBrbs;kumarenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_. vaman 

sar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkt;sMKal;fa ekµgCMTg; nigGaNBüa)alTaMgenAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob )ankMNt;CMnYy 

es,ógGaharCaesva EdlmansarRbeyaCn_lMdab;elx 1 cMeBaHRKÜsarrbs;BYkeK EdlkarN_enHelIkeLIgfa m©as;CMnYy 

nigGñkerobcMkmµviFI KYreFIVkarvaytémøeTAelIkmµviFIes,ógGaharenAkñúgRbeTskm

Blkmµkumar )ankøayCakarekgRbv½Ba©elIkumar enAeBlEdlkargarenaH raraMgdl;karGPivDÆn_rbs;kumar nigesckþI 

RtÚvkar nigsiT§iesrIPaBrbs;BYkeK dUcCa karGb;rM b¤eFIVeGayeKRbQmnwgkarrMelaPbMBan nig¼b¤ rbYsragkay. raCrdæaPi)al 

km

eKTMngCaminGacdwgGMBIplb:HBal;énGnþraKmn_eTAelIRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ edayKµankarsikSa 

RsavRCavtamdanbnþenaHeT. b:uEnþbNþaj PLHAs enAkñúgkarsikSaenH)anraykarN_fa GnþraKmn_EdlBYkeKTTYl)an KW 

BitCamansarRbeyaCn_xøaMgNas;. ekµgCMTg;mYycMnYn k¾)anTTYlnUvkarKaMRTEdlekµgCMTg;TaMgenAkñúgkrNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob 

manlT§PaBTTYl)anesµI²Kña. Tinñn½ykMritRKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;)anbgðajfa RKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼ 

CmWeGds_ manesckþIRtÚvkarCaeRcIndUcKñaeTAnwgRKÜsar nigekµgCMTg;déTenAkñúgshKmn_TUeTAEdr ehIyCalT§pl GnþraKmn_nana 

KYrepþateKaledAeTAelIbuKÁlmñak;² Ep¥keTAelIkMriténPaBgayrgeRKaHrbs;BYkeK minEmneTAelIsßanPaBpÞúkemeraKeGds_ 

enaHeT. eTaHbIy:agenHkþI karsikSaenHk¾)anbgðajfa kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsar EdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

TTYlrgnUvkar)at;bg;»kasKYreGaykt;sMKal;. GñkeFIVeKalneya)ay GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI m©as;CMnYy GgÁkar NGOs bNþaj 

PLHAs nigkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH caM)ac;RtÚvEtshkarKña edIm,IkMNt;nUvmeFüa)aykñúgkarpþl;esvanana 

EdlepþateKaledAeTAelIkumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput xN³eBlEdleFIVkaredaHRsaynUvesckþIRtÚvkarCak;lak;rbs;kumar 

RKb;GayuTaMgGs;. 

fIVebITinñn½yEdlRbmUl)anenAkñúgkarsikSaenH CYykMNt;nUvplb:HBal;EpñksgÁm nigesdækic©énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

eTAelIGaNaBüa)al ekµgCMTg; nigkumarkþI k¾eKRKan;EtGac):an;RbmaNGMBIkarcMNayxagsgÁm nigesdækic©ry³eBlEvg 

rbs;RkúmmnusSmYyEdlRtÚvbgçMcitþkat;bnßynUvkarvinieyaKrbs;xøÜneTAelIkarGb;rMrbs;kumarb:ueNÑaH nigEdlman»kastictYc 

kñúgkarbegáInnUvTunxagsgÁm enAkMritRKÜsar nigm:aRkÚesdækic©. Tinñn½yenH cg¥úlbgðajfa sßanPaBesdækic© sgÁm nigcitþ 

sgÁmrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúg RKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ mankMritFn;FrCagkumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúg 

RkúmepSgeTot. b:uEnþeKBi)aknwgeFIVkarkMritnUvPaBFn;FrTaMgenH EdlkumarnwgRbQmNas; BIeRBaHCmWrbs;GaNaBüa)al 

rbs;BYkeKbnþvivDÆCanic© ehIyBYkeKTTYlbnÞúkxusRtÚvbEnßmeTot. edaysarmnusSEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

bnþekIneLIg nigedaysarCmWeGds_mankarvivDÆn_ enaHbnÞúkmkelIRKÜsar shKmn_ nigesvaKaMRT nwgmankarekIneLIg 

y:agKMhuk. 



CMBUk 4 ³ snñidæanrYm 

nigGnusasn_

snñidæanrYm nigGnusasn_ 

lT§plBIkarsikSaenHenAkñúgRbeTskm

CMhanbnÞab; 

edaysarkumarRbmaN 60>000 nak; manpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ enAkm

mak;gayenaHeT. ]TahrN_ vtþmanrbs;kumarenAkñúgRKÜsar EdlmankMritCIvPaBeRkamExSbnÞat;énPaBRkIRk Edl)ankMNt; 

xagelI GacRtÚv)aneKeRbICamUldæanmYy sMrab;kMNt;nUvRKÜsarEdlgayrgeRKaH. 

esckþIsnñidæanmYyepSgeTot KWfa kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH TTYl)annUvkarEfTaMy:agRbesIrbMputenAkñúg 

shKmn_rbs;xøÜn. mü:agvijeTot GnþraKmn_nanaEdlKaMRTelIkarpat;kumarecjBIshKmn_rbs;BYkeK KWCaviFIsa®sþ 

edaHRsayTaMgLayNaEdleKBuMcg;)an. RbeTskm

1> kMNt;vaküs½BÞ {kumarkMRBa} nig {PaBgayrgeRKaH} nigkMNt;eGayeXIjnUvkumar nigekµgCMTg;Edlgay 

rgeRKaHbMput. enAkñúgkic©BieRKaHeyabl;fµI²enH mankarExVgKMnitKñaeTAelIIGIV EdlbegáIteGaymankumar 

gayrgeRKaH. ebIKµanniymn½yTaMgenHeT skmµPaBnana EdlepþatelIkumargayrgeRKaH Gacxkxankñúgkar 

kMNt;kumarEdlgayrgeRKaHbMput. RkúmbEg¥kGacCYyshKmn_kñúgkarbMeBjnUvesckþIRtÚvkarcaM)ac;bMputrbs; 

kumarTaMgenaH edayeFIVkarkMNt; nigkarpSBVpSayGMBIkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput edIm,IkMNt;nUvkumarEdlgay 

rgeRKaHbMput. 

2> BRgIkRkúmbEg¥k OVC bc©úb,nñ nigbegáItGaNtþimYykñúgkareFIVeGaymankarGPivDÆn_nUveKalneya)ay 

nigkarEkERbc,ab;nana. fIVebIkarbegáItRkúmbEg¥k OVC KWCaCMhandMbUgRbkedayPaBviCömank¾eday k¾RkúmenH 

)anyl;Rsbfa caM)ac;RtÚvmankartMNageGay)anTUlMTUlay enAkñúgkarRbCuMnaeBlbc©úb,nñenHEdr. 

]TahrN_ RkúmbEg¥kcaM)ac;RtÚvdak;bBa©ÚlnUvGgÁkar NGOs CaeRcInEdlcUlrYmkñúgkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumar 

gayrgeRKaH. CMerIsrbs;GñkcUlrYm nwgEp¥keTAelIRkúmeKaledA nigGaNtþiEdl)ankMNt;sMrab;RkúmenH. 

RkúmbEg¥k OVC k¾tMrUveGaymanGaNtþimYyBIrdæaPi)al kñúgkareFIVkarpøas;bþÚrCaduMkMPYneTAelIeKalneya)ay 

b¤c,ab;nana. karbegáItGaNtþimYy caM)ac;RtÚvEteFIVkareq

5> FanafalT§plEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSaenH nigkarvaytémøelIplb:HBal;déTeTot CH\T§iBleTAelIdMeNIrkar 

erobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþ nigkareFIVesckþIsMercelIkarEbgEckFnFan. edaysarGaCJaFr NAA kMBugEterobcM 

dMeNIrkarerobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþGMBIemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ Gnusasn_CaKnøwHmYy KWRtÚveRCIstaMgRbFan NAA 

mñak; mkBIRkúmbEg¥k OVC edIm,IeFIVCasmaCikénRkúmerobcMEpnkaryuT§sa®sþ nigFanafa Gnusasn_nana 

EdlelIkeLIgGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH RtÚvedaHRsay ¬cgcaMfakmµvtßúnana 

kñúgkarkat;bnßyplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_eTAelIkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH KWRKan;EtCa 

EpñkmYyénkareqøIytb OVC EdlcuHdl;shKmn_b:ueNÑaH¦. buKÁlsMxan;²nana KYrTTYlbnÞúkkñúgkarsMrbsMrYl 

karGnuvtþn_Epnkar nigkarBinitütamdan nigkarvaytémø. 

6> sMrbsMrYlkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputrbs;GgÁkar NGO Edlpþl;karKaMRTdl;RKÜsarEdlmankumargayeRKaH. 

RkúmbEg¥k OVC pþl;nUvevTikamYysMrab;Gñkpþl;esvarbs;GgÁkar NGO m©as;CMnYy nigTIPñak;garshkar kñúgkar 

EckrMElknUvkarGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput Tak;TineTAnwgkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRT kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH. GgÁkar 

sMxan;²nana GaceFIVkarnaMmuxeKkñúgkarGPivDÆn_nUveKalkarN_ENnaMsMrab;karGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMput. 

7> TTYlmUlniFisMrab;RkúmbEg¥k OVC. RkúmbEg¥k OVC nwgtMrUveGaymankarKaMRTEpñkhirBaØvtßú nigbec©keTs 

BIm©as;CMnYyTaMgLay edIm,IeGayxøÜnGacbMeBjnUvGaNtþirbs;xøÜnxagelI. 

Gnusasn_edIm,IedaHRsayGMBIkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH 

Gnusasn_mYycMnYnrbs;GñkBak;B½n§CaeRcInRtÚv)aneLIg EdlCalT§plénsikçasalasþIBIkarBiPakSaGMBI OVC. 

Gnusasn_TaMgenH nwgRtÚv)anBiPakSaenAkñúgkarRbCuM 13 rbs;RkúmbEg¥k OVC naeBlbc©úb,nñ. fIVebIcaM)ac;RtÚvcat;viFankar 

CaeRcIn kñúgkarEklMGnUvkarEfTaM nigkarKaMRTkumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaHk¾eday k¾Gnusasn_cMnYn 5 xageRkamenH 

RtÚv)anelIkeLIg edayyklT§plBIkarsikSaenHCamUldæanEdr nigRtÚv)anrMBwgfanwgCH\T§iBlCaduMkMPYneTAelIkumar 

kMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH. GgÁkar POLICY Project nigRksYgsgÁmkic© GtItyuT§Cn nigyuvnItism,Ta )anpþl;Ca 

Gnusasn_fa raCrdæaPi)alkm

manRcIn nigmanKuNPaBx

sMxan;²bMputCaeRcInsMrab;RKÜsarTaMgGs; ebIminKitBIsßanPaBemeraKeGds_. lT§plenH )anelIkeLIgCabBaðasMxan;²cMnYn 2 ³ 

TI 1 edaysarRKÜsarkrNIKMrUCag 80° naeBlbc©úb,nñenH )anTTYlCMnYyes,ógGahar nigenAEtBuMmanGaharbriePaK 

RKb;RKan; eKcaM)ac;RtÚveFIVeGayCMnYyes,ógGaharenHkan;EtmanRbsiT§iPaB edIm,IFanafa kumar ekµgCMTg; nigRKÜsar 

rbs;BYkeKTTYl)anGaharUbtßmÖRbcaMéfRKb;RKan; CaBiessGñkEdlkMBugrs;enAkñúgPaBRkIRk. TI 2 RKÜsarEdlminpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ )ansMEdgnUvesckþIRtÚvkarCMnYyes,ógGahar. edIm,Iyl;dwgGMBIplb:HBal;énemeraKeGds_¼CmwGds_ 

karBinitüemIlPaBxusKñarvagRkúmRKÜsarTaMgenH KWCaRbkarmYymansarRbeyaCn_Nas;. karTTYlsÁal;fa RKÜsarCaeRcIn 

EdlminpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ )ansMEdgnUvesckþIRtÚvkarCMnYyes,ógGahar k¾CaRbkarmYymansar³sMxan;Nas;Edr. 

dUecñHeK)anpþl;Gnusasn_fa eKKYrpþl;CMnYyes,ógGahar edayEp¥kelImUldæanénPaBgayrgeRKaH. lkçN³vinicä½y 

sMrab;karepþateKaledAeTAelICMnYyes,ógGaharEdlmankMrit GacCacMNUlmYyrbs;RKÜsarmYy nig¼b¤smtßPaBrbs;RKÜsar 

enH kñúgkarpþl;GaharRKb;RKan;dl;smaCikRKÜsarRKb;rUb. ¬dUc)anerobrab;xagelI vtþmanénemeraKeGds_enAkñúgRKÜsar 

minKYrRtÚv)aneRbICalkçN³vinicä½ysMrab;karkMNt;PaBmansiT§iTTYlCMnYyeLIy¦. rcnasm½ EklMGlT§PaBTTYl)ankarGb;rM 

manPsþútagmYyecjBIkarsikSaenHfa ekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ TMngCa)ancuHeQµaH 

cUleronticCagekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEk,rxagrbs;xøÜn. fIVebITinñn½yEbbKuNPaBEdlTTYl)anBIkarsikSaenH min)anrk 

eXIjBIPaBxusKñaénkarcuHeQµaHcUleronkñúgcMeNamRkúmGayuBI 6-12 qñaM k¾eday k¾Tinñn½ytamEbbKuNPaBenH 

pþl;ehtuplmYy EdlGaceGayeyIgeCOfa karGb;rMrbs;kumarEdlmanv½yekµgCag nigEdlrs;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraK 

eGds_¼CmWeGds_ k¾mankarGak;xanpgEdr. karsmÖasn_ nigkarBiPakSaebIkcMhCamYybuKÁlikGgÁkar NGO pþl;nUvmUlehtu 

cMbgcMnYn 3 sMrab;kumar nigekµgCMTg; Edlmin)ancUlsalaCaRbcaM ³ 1¦kgVHfvikasMrab;bg; {éføsikSaeRkApøÚvkar} ÉksNæan 

nigsMPar³sikSa 2¦ kumar nigekµgCMTg; tMrUveGayeFIVkar b¤CYyemIlEfTaMsmaCikRKÜsarenApÞH nig 3¦kumar nigekµgCMTg; 

rbs;GaNaBüa)alEdlpÞúkemeraKeGds_ RtÚv)aneKerIseGIgenAsala. dUecñHGnusasn_nana kñúgkarEklMGlT§PaBTTYl)an 

karGb;rM RtÚvedaHRsaynUv]bsKÁTaMgenH. skmµPaBnanaxageRkam KYrRtÚv)aneFIVeLIg ³ 

dUcmanEcgenAkñúgeKalneya)ayGb;rMCati kumarTaMgGs;mansiT§iTTYl)ankarGb;rMeday\tKitéfø. dUecñH 

RksYgGb;rM yuvCn nigkILa (MoEYS) RtÚvFanafa RKÚbeRgónTTYl)anR)ak;ExeTogTat; RBmTaMgBinitütamdan 

nigdak;Bin½ysalaeTAelIRKÚbeRgónNa EdlykéføsikSaxusc,ab;. 

bnþkMNt; nigBinitütamdankumargayrgeRKaH nigpþl;dl;BYkeKnUvkar]btßmÖsMPar³sikSa nigÉksNæansala 

EdlcaM)ac;. bc©úb,nñ kar]btßmÖTaMgenHkMBugRtÚv)anpþl;edayGgÁkar NGOs CaeRcInenAkm

Ba©ÚlkmµviFIbNþúHbNþalenAsala edIm,IGb;rMRKÚbeRgon nigbuKÁlik GMBIbBaðananaEdlTak;TineTAnwgemeraK 

eGds_¼CmWeGds_ EdlrYmmanplb:HBal;énkarmak;gay nigkarerIseGIg KYbpSMCamYykarGb;rMsþIBIkarTb;sáat; 

emeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_ 

15 

. enH KWCakmµvtßúmYykñúgcMeNamkmµvtßúnana énEpnkarCayuT§sa®sþrbs; MoEYS 

b:uEnþminTan;RtÚv)anGnum½tenAeLIyeT enATUTaMgRbeTskm kMNt;karGnuvtþn_RbesIrbMputsMrab;karerobcMEpnkarGnaKt 

lT§plénkarsikSaenH )anbgðajfamanbNþaj PLHAs tictYcNas; Edl)anerobcMEpnkarGMBIGaNaBüa)alPaB 

naeBlGnaKtsMrab;kUn²rbs;xøÜn ebIeTaHbICakarRBÜy)armÖGMBIGnaKtrbs;kUn²rbs;BYkeK KWCakgVl;FMbMputmYykñúgcMeNam 

GaNaBüa)alEdlrs;enACamYyemeraKeGds_¼CmWeGds_k¾eday. eyagtamvb,Fm’km

5> eqøIytbeTAnwgesckþIRtÚvkarxagcitþsgÁmrbs;kumar 

lT§pl QOL bgðajfa TaMgkareKarBxøÜnÉg nigsuxumalPaBpøÚvGarmµN_rbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;enAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúk 

emeraKeGds_ mankMritTabCagRkúmkumar nigekµgCMTg;déTeTot enAkñúgRKÜsarkrNIeRbóbeFob. ekµgCMTg;TaMgenAkñúgRKÜsar 

krNIKMrU nigeRbóbeFob k¾)ankMNt;fa karRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚvGarmµN_ sßitkñúgcMeNamGnþraKmn_sMxan;bMputcMnYnbI 

EdlBYkeKmancg;)an. karBiPakSaCamYybuKÁlikGgÁkar NGOs nigRBHsgÇenAkñúgsikçasalafñak;Cati )ankMNt;nUvtMrUvkar 

kñúgkarpþl;karbNþúHbNþaldl;GgÁkar NGOs nigshKmn_nana edIm,ICYyeGayBYkeKGacpþl;nUvkarRbwkSaeyabl;xagpøÚv 

GarmµN_enAkñúglkçN³vb,Fm’d¾gayresIbenH CaCagnaMcUlnUvyuT§sa®sþGnþrCati EdlGacminBak;B½n§eTAnwgvb,Fm’rbs; 

RbeTskm

]bsm

]bsm½

karbeBa©jR)ab; nigkaerobcMEpnkarGnaKt 

EpñkenH )ansYrGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgRKÜsarEdlpÞúkemeraKeGd_¼CmWeGds_fa etIBYkeK)anbeBa©jR)ab;kUnrbs;BYkeK 

GMBIsßanPaBemeraKenHEdr b¤eT. EpñkenH k¾sYrGaNaBüa)alenAkñúgkrNITaMgBIrfa etIBYkeK)ansresrlixitbNþaMmrtk 

Edrb¤Gt; nigfa etIBYkeK)aneFIVkarerobcMGnaKtsMrab;kUnrbs;xøÜnenAkñúgkrNI EdlBYkeKKµanlT§PaBEfTaMkUnrbs;BYkeK 

teTAeTot Edrb¤Gt;. 

GnþraKmn_ 

GaNaBüa)alRtÚvesñIeGayraykarN_fa etIBYkeK)anTTYlGnþraKmn_CaeRcInEdr b¤Gt; ehIyRbsinebI)an etIGnþraKmn_ 

TaMgenaHmansarRbeyaCn_kMritNacMeBaHRKÜsarrbs;BYkeK. enAcugbBa©b;énsMNYr GñksmÖasn_)andak;katCaeRcInsnøwk 

enABImuxGñkpþl;smÖasn_ ehIy)anesñIeGayBYkeKeRCIserIsykGnþraKmn_bI Edlmansar³sMxan;bMputcMeBaHRKÜsarrbs; 

BYkeK. viFIsa®sþenHRtÚv)aneRbI edIm,IeCosvagPaBlMeGogénkarrMlwk EdlBak;B½n§eTAnwgkardkRsg;BaküBItarag. 

sMNYrenHmansar³sMxan;Nas;kñúgkarkMNt;GaTiPaBrbs;RKÜsarTaMgenH dUc)anerobrab;edayGaNaBüa)al. 

Bt’manGMBIkumar nigekµgCMTg; 

GaharUbtßmÖ karGb;rM suxPaB kargar nigbnÞúkRKÜsar 

kumar nigekµgCMTg;RtÚvsYrsMNYrGMBIGaharUbtßmÖ karGb;rM sßanPaBsuxPaB kargar nigbnÞúkRKÜsar. GaNaBüa)al 

)aneqøIynUvsMNYrGMBIkarGb;rM suxPaB kargar nigGaharUbtßmÖ CYskumarGayu cab;BI 6-12 qñaM. 

KuNPaBCIv itrbs;kumar 

karsikSaenH )aneRbIsnÞsSn_ KINDL kñúgkarvaytémøeTAelIKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar nigekµgCMTg;. snÞsSn_enH 

KWCakMrgsMNYrmaRtdæan Likert cMnYn 24 EdlxøI nigbt;Ebn Edlpþl;nUvBinÞúTUeTAeTAelIKuNPaBCIvit RBmTaMgpþl;BinÞúeTAelI 

EpñkcMnYn 6 KWsuxumalPaBpøÚvkay suxumalPaBpøÚvGarmµN_ kareKarBxøÜnÉg CIvitRKÜsar mitþPkþi¼CIvitsgÁm nigsala¼ 

karGb;rM. karvas;sÞg;TaMgenH rYmbBa©ÚlnUvRkúmGayu nigdMNak;kalGPivDÆn_epSg²Kña. karvas;sÞg;cMnYnbIepSg²Kña RtÚv)an 

eRbIenAkñúgkarsikSaenH ³ karvas;sÞg;eTAelIkumar nigekµgCMTg; KWCakarvas;sÞg; EdlvaytémøedayxøÜnÉg nigkarvas;sÞg; 

eTAelIGaNaBüa)alsYrGMBIkumar b¤ekµgCMTg; ehIyRtÚv)aneRbICatMNagmYy sMrab;vas;EvgKuNPaBCIvitrbs;kumar. 

snÞsSn_enH RtÚv)aneRbIy:agTUlMTUlayenAkñúgRbeTsman]sSahkmµlUtlas; nigRbeTskMBugGPivDÆn_ ehIyGacrk)ankñúg 

Pasay:agtic 15. enAkñúgTIVbGasuI muneBleFIVkarsikSaenAkm

fIVebIBImuneK)anerobcMeLIgsMrab;kumarGayucab;BI 8-12 qñaM k¾eday k¾karvas;sÞg; “Kid-KINDL” RtÚv)aneRbIsMrab; 

kumarmanGayucab;BI 6-12 qñaM pgEdr. BImunkarvas;sÞg; “Kiddo-KINDL” RtÚv)anerobcMeLIg sMrab;kumarEdlmanGayucab; 

BI 13-16 qñaM enAkñúgRbeTskm

]bsm½000 

p=.060 

p=0.324 

p=.066 

p=0.418 

66 



]bsm½

20 sarIu Gg; RBHsgÇ SCA 

21 GU‘ eGg GKÁnaykrg MoEYS 

22 G‘uk m:araDI Deputy PCS NAA 

23 sun sae)an Gnukariyal½y MoSVY 

24 Lan v:an;esg kariyal½ybec©keTs NCHADS 

25 ePaK suFar:a buKÁlik MoSVY 

26 lwm kal½y m®nþIbec©keTs NAA 

27 )an r:avuF ]bkarIkariyal½y MoSVY 

28 R)ak; sMeGg GñkykBt’man TVK 

29 Cin esdæa HIV/AIDS DPO UNICEF 

30 Sharon Wilkonson naykRbcaMRbeTs CARE 

31 eb:g cMNan buKÁlik CAMP 

32 R)ak; sa)an RbFanRkúmKaMRT CPN+ 

33 GM sMeGOn GñkykBt’man K-Thmei News 

34 r:ay saNU GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI CEDE WVC 

35 Aurora Perez GñksMrbsMrYlRbcaMRbeTs Futures Group 

36 lwm vNÑ³ GñkbkERb Freelance 

37 Jolanda Van Westering m®nþIRKb;RKgKMerag UNICEF 

38 Bhurmi nayk CCMH 

39 Qin suFar:a nayk TPO 

RKÜsarfµI 

40 sux pan;Na GñksMrbsMrYlKMerag 

mitþsMLaj; 

41 sux supl RbFanRkúm HIV/AIDS 

42 sux pløa CMnYykarnaykRKb;RKgkmµviFI Mary Knoll 

68 



43 jwk cnßa GñkRKb;RKg FHP HAGAR 

44 Valeria Perex GñksMrbsMrYl FHP HAGAR 

45 Prahn Dhanuk DD FHI 

46 Geeta Setni GñksMrbsMrYlRbcaMRbeTs UNAIDS 

47 R)aMg can;FI m®nþI FHI 

48 89076567895678 m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI 

HelpAge 

International 

49 jÜn suKn§Fa m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI AUSAID 

50 Katheryn Bennett m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI AUSAID 

51 can; FarI ED RACHA 

52 cug v:adar:a NPA-ARH/HIV UNFPA 

53 ePaK m:anI buKÁlikcuHtamshKmn_ Mary Knoll 

54 Ta pla GKÁnayk NAA 

55 can; GIun smaKm AUA 

56 ehg suxriT§I GñksMrbsMrYl CPN+ 

57 sM m:ar:a m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI JICA 

58 Sayaka Murata tMNag Kamonohshi Project 

59 sM samu:n GñksarBt’man AKP 

60 Lyn Mayson DD-OP SCA 

61 r½tñ dariT§ GñkykBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 5 

62 Ekv sMGul GñksarBt’man¼GñkykBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 5 

63 Rachel Stevenson citþviTURbwkSaeyabl;ÉkraCü ÉkraCü 

64 TI G‘uysug GñkykBt’man kaEstekaHsnþiPaB 

65 kUv suvNÑriT§ GñkykBt’man busþ×v iTüú FM 98 



66 Nocolet Hutter m®nþIKaMRTkmµviFI DFID 

67 nU can;Fa m®nþIRKb;RKgkmµviFI SCA 

68 Tit KImmuy GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI KHANA 

69 bUsUkul sarI GñkykBt’man (TVK) Rendezvou 

70 Kuy r½tñ karIft (TVK) Rendezvou 

71 suCata Ej:m GñkykBt’man (TVK) Rendezvou 

72 esA qn GñkRKb;RKgmUlniFismFm’ URC 

73 efag qar:an; naykrg )at;dMbg 

74 esam huglI RbFankariyal½ykumar ekaHkug 

75 Ca sarI GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI bnÞaymanC½y 

76 PYn siTi§ RbFankariyal½ykumar )at;dMbg 

77 sat siTi§ RbFankariyal½ykumar kNþal 

78 eGg Kwmnag naykEpñkkic©karnarI ekaHkug 

79 sux suFarI naykEpñkkic©karnarI ekaHkug 

80 Kwm rin PHD/PAS eBaFisat; 

81 Bin sav:at naykrg ekaHkug 

82 G‘u¿ suxn nayk taEkv 

83 suIm can;bUrINa nayk PH eBaFisat; 

84 kg suvNÑaa GñkRKb;RKgkmµviFI eBaFisat; 

85 esam G‘munIr:a nayk taEkv 

86 jik saer:t nayk eBaFisat; 

87 san van;DIy:a nayk PC taEkv 

88 Kg; sMesOn RbFankariyal½y bnÞaymanC½y 

70 



89 Gu‘g Pirmü naykrg bnÞaymanC½y 

90 Tim sun naykrg taEkv 

91 sYn bUnit RbFanmnÞIr eBaFisat; 

92 TI mInIvNÑsaevt nayk NPC )at;dMbg 

93 eLg emarIPaB RbFankariyal½ysuxaPi)al RksYgkic©karnarI 

94 sun sae)an GnuRbFankariyal½y RksYgkic©karnarI 

95 Kwm saj; GnuRbFankariyal½y RksYgGb;rM yuvCn 

nigkILa 

96 hg; lINa GnuRbFannaykdæan MoP 

97 eLg suxarmµ GnuRbFannaykdæan RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT 

98 can; sUriy× rdæelxaFika RksYgkic©karnarI 

99 Ca sMNag RbFannaykdæan RksYgGPivDÆn_CnbT 

100 sux hg; Jain Hua Daily sarBt’man 

101 esog suKn§a GnuRbFankariyal½y RkúmRbwkSaCati 

102 can; suePOn GñksarBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 9 

103 m:an; kusIma GñksarBt’man TUrTsSn_busþ×elx 9 

104 lI eBjs‘un naykrg NCHADS 

105 Ekv bUer®nÞ GKÁnayk RksYg MoSVY 

106 em:A suvtþI RbFannaykdæansuxumalPaBkumar RksYg MoSVY 

107 TI ciRta naykRbcaMRbeTs POLICY Project 

108 mut sInada CMnYykarrdæ)al POLICY Project 

109 Candice Sainsbury TIRbwkSaRKb;RKgCan;x

Éksareyag 

Ainsworth, M. nig D. Filmer. {PaBRkIRk emeraKeGds_ nigkarGb;rMrbs;kumar} ³ CabBaðaeKaledA. Éksarkargar 

RsavRCaveKalneya)ayrbs;FnaKarBiPBelak elx 2885 ExkBaØa qñaM 2002. 

APN+ 2004. {karerIseGIgelICmWeGds_enAkñúgTVIbGasuI} Gacrk)antamry³ www.gnpplus. net/regions/asiaspac.html.. 

FnaKarGPivDÆn_GasuI qñaM 2001. karvaytémøPaBRkIRktamEbbcUlrYm ³ RbeTskm

Mann et al., 1992. dkRsg;eday Smart, R. eKalneya)aysþIBI {kumarkMRBa nigkumargayrgeRKaH} ³ Rkbx½NÐsMrab; 

kareq

Rotheram-Borus, M.J., Koopman, C., Haigners, C., nig Davies, M. 1991. {karkat;bnßyTegVIrYmePTRbkbedayeRKaHfñak; 

énemeraKeGds_kñúgcMeNamekµgCMTg;Edlrt;ecjBIpÞH} RBwtþib½Rtrbs;smaKmevCösa®sþGaemrik 266 1237-1241. 

UNAIDS.2003. {ÉksarEdl)aneFIVbc©úb,nñPaB sþIBIkarrIkraldalénCmWeGds_ qñaM 2003}. 

UNAIDS/UNICEF/USAID.2004. {kumarEdlCitrgeRKaH qñaM 2004 ³ r)aykarN_rYmKñamYy sþIBIkar):an;RbmaN 

kumarkMRBafµI nigRkbx½NÐskmµPaB}. 

snøwkBt’mansþIBIkarTb;sáat;karqøgrIkraldalrbs;GgÁkar UNAIDS/WHO - ÉksarEdl)aneFIVbc©úb,nñPaBqñaM 2004 

km

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