Är trängselskatt ett hot mot detaljhandeln
Är trängselskatt ett hot mot detaljhandeln
Är trängselskatt ett hot mot detaljhandeln
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time of purchase and finally changing destination for purchase. On the other hand there were<br />
income effects, i.e. the level of consumption for services and goods decreasing for individuals<br />
or households that paid congestion charge. If substitution effects were significant it was<br />
presumed to show a clear change in turnover for retail trade within the congestion charge zone<br />
in comparison to retail trade outside the zone and average national figures at the time of the<br />
trial period. If income effects were significant it was presumed to be shown through a slower<br />
development of retail trade in the zone compared to a national average.<br />
The size of income effects and its effect on total disposable income and the turnover of retail<br />
in the Stockholm area were examined by calculating the size of the part of the congestion<br />
charge coming from households´ disposable income. The Stockholm trial generated SEK 230<br />
million from households which corresponds to one per mille of the disposable income in the<br />
Stockholm area. The retail trade in the same area had an approximate SEK 60 billion turnover<br />
during the trial period. Households spend approximately 35 percent of disposable income on<br />
retail purchases. This means that approximately SEK 75 million of the households disposable<br />
income was spent on some kind of retail trade. The impact of income effect on retail trade is<br />
therefore estimated to 0,13 percent. In both cases the income effect appears to be of no<br />
importance for the development of retail trade in the Stockholm area.<br />
The study of development of retail turnover was executed both as a descriptive analysis and as<br />
an econometric analysis. The descriptive analysis showed that the retail trade in Stockholm<br />
experienced a lower development than national average in 2006. This mainly relates to a low<br />
development of the retail trade within the congestion charge zone. The low development of<br />
the grocery sector within the zone is due to its small scale and the fact that consumers use<br />
these for complementary purchases while the hypermarkets outside town are used for larger<br />
purchases. The weak development of durables in the central area of Stockholm was mainly a<br />
result of the change of structure that retail trade in the area is undergoing. This structure<br />
change means that department stores and shopping centres are the winners while small free-<br />
standing shops for a long period of time have been loosing market shares. The study neither<br />
examined the development of single department stores, shopping centres or small free-<br />
standing shops nor whether units located close to the congestion charge zone were more<br />
affected than units located more centrally.<br />
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